636:, then Army Deputy Chief of Staff, reviewed the threat posed to U.S. servicemembers by biological weapons. Thurman was particularly concerned about the application of genetic engineering technology to alter conventional microorganisms and his review resulted in a five-year plan of expansion for research into medical defensive measures at USAMRIID. The 1985 in-house budget of 34 M USD was to expand to 45 M the next year and was eventually scheduled to reach 93.2 M by 1989. (The need for a physical detection system to identify an aerosol of infectious agent became apparent at this time. The lack of such a reliable system still represents one of the major technical difficulties in the field.) Within two years, however, it became apparent that this program of expansion would not materialize. A new proposed toxin laboratory was never built. The Army had experienced several budget cuts and these impacted the funding of the institute.
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576:(RVF) occurred there for the first time. The epidemic caused thousands of human cases and the deaths of large numbers of livestock. Diagnostics, along with much of the institute's stock of RVF vaccine, were sent to help control the outbreak. At this time the Institute acquired both fixed and transportable BSL-4 containment plastic human isolators for the hospital care and safe transport of patients suffering from highly contagious and potentially lethal exotic infections. In 1978, it established an
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625:. The same year saw introduction of a new course, "Medical Defense Against Biological Agents", designed to familiarize military physicians, nurses and other medical personnel with the special problems potentially posed by medical management BW cases. This course, with some changes in format, continued into the 21st century as the "Medical Management of Chemical and Biological Casualties Course" (MCBC), still conducted jointly by USAMRIID and the
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734:(1990–91) USAMRIID provided the DoD with expert advice and products (vaccines and drugs) to ensure an effective medical response if a medical defense were required. USAMRIID scientists trained and equipped six special laboratory teams for rapid identification of potential BW agents, which fortunately never appeared. Following the conflict, USAMRIID physicians and engineers were key members of a
36:
795:, was identified as the lone Amerithrax culprit by the FBI. Ivins had allegedly expressed homicidal thoughts and exhibited mental instability before and after the attacks occurred. He had maintained his security clearance at the institute, and retained access to dangerous substances, until mid-July 2008, at the end of which month he committed suicide. Also in August 2008,
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stated that, "safety procedures at the facility and in individual laboratories were lax and inadequately documented; that safety supervision sometimes was carried out by junior personnel with inadequate training or survey instruments; and that exposures of dangerous bacteria at the lab, including anthrax, had not been adequately reported."
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In August 2019, all research at USAMRIID was indefinitely put on hold after the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cited the organization for failing to meet biosafety standards. In November 2019, limited research was resumed after infrastructure, training, compliance and biosafety standards
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An inspection by USAMRMC, conducted seven months after the
Amerithrax incidents, found that Suite B-3 in Building 1425 at the Institute not only was contaminated with anthrax in three locations but the bacteria had escaped from secure areas in the building to those that were unprotected. The report
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suites, which is formally known as "The
Crozier Building". Ground breaking came in 1967 (personnel moved in during 1971 and 1972). In 1969, the BWL were formally disestablished and the Institute underwent a formal name change from the AMU to the "U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious
659:(GAO) to investigate the validity of DoD's Biological Defense Research Program. The GAO issued a critical report concluding that the Army spent funds on R&D efforts that did not address validated BW threats and may have duplicated the research efforts of the Centers for Disease Control and the
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Groundbreaking occurred in August 2009 for a new, state-of-the-art, 835,000 square feet (78,000 m) facility at Ft
Detrick for USAMRIID. The building, being constructed by Manhattan Torcon Joint Venture under the supervision of the US Army Corps of Engineers, is projected for completion and
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Safety policies changed at USAMRIID following an incident in March 2010. A young microbiologist became trapped in the -30 freezer portion of 'Little Alaska.' Due to the corroded nature of the freezer door, the woman was trapped in the life-threatening conditions for over 40 minutes. She was
449:(DoD) directive, as well as additional U.S. Army guidance, USAMRIID performs its "biological agent medical defense" research in support of the needs of the three military services. This mission, and all work done at USAMRIID, must remain within the spirit and letter of both President
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at the urging of some medical authorities. Almost a year later, a panel of experts decided that this organism did not have potential as a BW agent and the program was discontinued. Of greater longevity were the new research programs initiated at this time to study the
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Diseases". The institute's mission did not really change and it received additional funding and personnel authorizations to hire biomedical and laboratory scientists who were losing their jobs as a result of the termination of the United States' offensive BW studies.
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588:(CDC) at this time stipulating that USAMRIID would house and treat highly contagious infections in laboratory personnel should any occur. (After deploying on only four "real world" missions in 32 years, the AIT was ultimately decommissioned in 2010.)
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eventually recovered and the incident was labelled as a near miss. USAMRIID instituted a mandatory '2 man freezer policy' and worked to keep both the quality of the door and the security in that surrounding area up to a higher standard.
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482:(BWL) at Camp (later Fort) Detrick to oversee biomedical defensive problems. Soon thereafter, a joint agreement was signed and studies on medical defense against biological weapons were conducted cooperatively by the
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Develops strategies, products, information, procedures and training for medical defense against biological warfare agents and naturally occurring infectious agents of military importance that require special
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The 1980s saw the establishment of a new program to improve the existing anthrax vaccine, and to develop new information on the pathophysiology of weaponized anthrax disease. This came in response to the
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of 1979. Professional medical opinion differed at this period as to exactly what constituted a potential BW agent. A case in point was the establishment in 1980 of a new program focusing on
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of doctors, nurses and medics, with worldwide airlift capability, designed to safely evacuate and manage contagious patients under BSL-4 conditions. A formal agreement was signed with the
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and other exotic diseases that could pose potential BW threats. In 1978, the
Institute assisted with humanitarian efforts in Egypt when a severe outbreak of
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partial occupation by 2015 or '16 and full occupation by 2017. This delay to the project delivery is in part due to a fire within the BSL4 laboratory area
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as well as highly specialized support personnel, totaling around 800 people. In the 1950s and 1960s, USAMRIID and its predecessor unit pioneered unique,
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535:. Crozier oversaw the planning and construction of the present USAMRIID laboratory and office building (Building 1425) and its advanced
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have stated that they will lead investigations into security at the
Institute as part of a review of all the nation's biodefense labs.
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ordered the creation of a team of medical and military experts to review security measures at the institute. The team is headed by a
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To protect the
Warfighter from biological threats and to be prepared to investigate disease outbreaks or threats to public health.
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The early 1980s also saw the development at USAMRIID of new diagnostic methods for several pathogenic organisms such as
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facilities which it continues to maintain and upgrade. Investigators at its facilities frequently collaborate with the
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Middle-Atlantic
Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
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By 1988, USAMRIID began to come under close scrutiny by several
Congressional committees. The Senate
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758:, killing 5 people and sickening 17 others. The response by USAMRIID as it interacted with the FBI,
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1434:"Fort Detrick lab shut down after failed safety inspection; all research halted indefinitely"
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738:(UNSCOM) Inspection Team that evaluated the BW capabilities in Iraq during the 1990s.
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were pioneered at Fort
Detrick throughout the 1960s by a number of scientists led by
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750:'s reference lab for forensic evidence related to the bioterror incident known as "
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Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction
506:, the exposure of volunteers to aerosols containing a highly pathogenic strain of
490:. These early days saw the beginnings of the medical volunteer program known as "
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USAMRIID traces its institutional lineage to the early 1950s, when Lt. Col.
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Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (formerly Center for Biosecurity)
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502:. (One of the AMU's first responsibilities was to oversee all aspects of
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U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)
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69:"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases"
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1456:"Maryland Senator Pens Letter to Army over Fort Detrick Lab Shutdown"
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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
279:
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
135:
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
2625:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)
1499:"CDC Approves Partial Resumption of USAMRIID Select Agent Research"
1374:
Anthrax Case Prompts Congressional Investigation Of Biodefense Labs
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Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs
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4172:
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
4138:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act
3396:
Joint Program Executive Office of Chemical and Biological Defense
1217:
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense
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renouncing the use of biological and toxin weapons, and the U.N.
4155:
Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005
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Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasures Portfolio
2635:
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM)
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USAMRIID was the first bio-facility of its type to research the
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The "Dan Crozier Building", at USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland.
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Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
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USAMRIID's 1983 mission statement mandated that the Institute:
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National Medical Response Team/National Pharmacy Response Team
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and other small molecular weight toxins of microbial origin.
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Biologic Agent Identification and Counter Terrorism Training
806:, and will include representatives from USAMRMC, the Army's
4031:
Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System
3646:
Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory
3464:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
3391:
Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System
2860:
Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism
2661:
United States Army Medical Research Unit- Europe (USAMRU-E)
2656:
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (AFRIMS)
349:
United States Army Medical Research and Development Command
3433:
National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research
1094:, physician and virologist made famous by the best-seller
478:
was appointed as medical liaison officer to the U.S. Army
2727:
U.S. Army Medical Information Technology Center (USAMITC)
498:(AMU)—began operations in 1956 under the command of Col.
312:
303:
291:
27:
U.S. Army counter-biological warfare research institution
3916:
National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases
1393:
Trapped worker leads USAMRIID to new freezer procedures
1193:
Field Identification of Biological Warfare Threat Agents
627:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense
3718:
Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies
3301:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
2900:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
1281:"America Steps-Up Biodefenses - OhmyNews International"
1227:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
754:" in which anthrax-laden letters were sent through the
396:, and major biomedical and academic centers worldwide.
3723:
National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases
3519:
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
1187:
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive
1143:, microbiologist and vaccinologist; identified by the
300:
1127:, microbiologist, veterinarian and UNSCOM inspector
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351:(USAMRDC), headquartered on the same installation.
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4425:Medical and health organizations based in Maryland
2875:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2640:U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research
1411:Staff, Sylvia Carignan News-Post (17 March 2014).
641:Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management
2855:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1598:Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
523:assumed command of the AMU. Modern principles of
4144:Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002
2666:U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K)
1477:"Army lab fights coronavirus and its own demons"
4204:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
4160:Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
3796:Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
3363:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
3189:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
2905:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
2722:Medical Communications for Combat Casualty Care
2691:List of former United States Army medical units
2671:Makerere University Walter Reed Project (MUWRP)
434:
425:
327:'s main institution and facility for defensive
4405:United States Army medical research facilities
3688:Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment
3293:(National Biosurvelliance Integration Center,
2630:U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (ISR)
2615:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR)
548:By the late 1970s, in addition to the work on
4116:Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989
3855:Global Bio-Surveillance Technology Initiative
3238:
2910:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
2895:India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
2753:
1753:U.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Cmd
1324:Lab Deemed Early As Contaminated 'Rat's Nest'
1163:, a virologist who studied smallpox and ebola
8:
3693:Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens
3286:DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division
377:USAMRIID employs both military and civilian
241:"Biodefense Solutions to Protect Our Nation"
4121:Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991
3620:Chemical Biological Incident Response Force
1174:Medical Management of Biological Casualties
1111:, microbiologist; Ebola and smallpox expert
4217:
4076:
3977:
3785:
3665:
3562:
3545:Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit
3420:
3273:
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2850:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2760:
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2738:
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1807:
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1117:, microbiologist, former bioweaponeer and
791:In August 2008, a USAMRIID scientist, Dr.
390:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4166:Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
3640:Aeromedical Biological Containment System
3594:Nebraska Biocontainment Patient Care Unit
3469:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
3381:Assistant SECDEF for NCB Defense Programs
2865:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
1593:Surgeon General of the United States Army
1180:Field Management of Biological Casualties
432:USAMRIID's current mission statement is:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4279:United States biological weapons program
3402:National Center for Medical Intelligence
3254:United States biological defense program
1212:United States biological defense program
845:
494:" (1954–1973). USAMRIID's precursor—the
216:United States biological defense program
3938:National Strategy for Homeland Security
1341:Hernandez, Nelson, and Philip Rucker, "
1247:
441:National and international legal status
3437:National Interagency Biodefense Campus
3306:National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
2537:National Museum of Health and Medicine
1361:Army Team To Probe Security At Detrick
1222:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
1029:COL Thomas S. Bundt, MA, MHA, MBA, PhD
131:
3708:Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling
3128:Biological warfare in popular culture
2516:U.S. Army School of Aviation Medicine
1343:Anthrax Case Raises Doubt On Security
1237:Biological warfare in popular culture
7:
4026:Autonomous Pathogen Detection System
3353:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
3331:(Advisory Committee on Bioterrorism)
3329:National Counterproliferation Center
3311:National Bioforensic Analysis Center
2563:Walter Reed Tropical Medicine Course
1133:, physician, pathologist and former
621:technology and the extensive use of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3474:Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
2587:War Surgery in Afghanistan and Iraq
2243:10th Field Hospital (United States)
666:While investigating an outbreak of
362:equipped to study highly hazardous
3859:Bio-Surveillance Management Office
3525:Homeland Security Research Program
1566:United States Army Medical Command
1413:"Fort Detrick's $ 10 million fire"
1168:Periodic USAMRIID training courses
1007:COL Bernard L. DeKoning, MD, FAAFP
952:COL Gerald W. Parker, DVM, PhD, MS
746:In late 2001, USAMRIID became the
347:, and is a subordinate lab of the
25:
4194:Global Health Security Initiative
3838:National Biosurveillance Strategy
3535:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
2880:Global Health Security Initiative
2696:United States Army Hospital Corps
2601:Research Institutes & Centers
1105:, microbiologist and toxicologist
736:United Nations Special Commission
653:Committee on Governmental Affairs
372:positive pressure personnel suits
4324:Biosecurity in the United States
4230:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
4060:Positive pressure personnel suit
3952:National Disaster Medical System
2792:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
1763:U.S. Army Warrior Transition Cmd
1606:
1232:Positive pressure personnel suit
963:COL Edward M. Eitzen Jr, MD, MPH
287:
207:Medical research and development
182:
164:
140:
34:
4379:Smallpox virus retention debate
4274:United States Army Medical Unit
3800:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
3386:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
2870:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
682:in tissue samples taken from a
480:Biological Warfare Laboratories
403:of anthrax, determined through
45:needs additional citations for
4420:Biosafety level 4 laboratories
2840:Caribbean Public Health Agency
2712:Walter Reed Health Care System
895:COL David L. Huxsoll, DVM, PhD
1:
4410:Biological warfare facilities
4235:1989 California medfly attack
4099:Biological Weapons Convention
3897:Personnel Reliability Program
3630:Epidemic Intelligence Service
3495:Galveston National Laboratory
3184:Biological Weapons Convention
2797:1989 California medfly attack
2580:Textbook of Military Medicine
1882:Medical Department Activities
996:COL John P. Skvorak, DVM, PhD
661:National Institutes of Health
459:Biological Weapons Convention
331:into countermeasures against
3958:Strategic National Stockpile
3509:Integrated Research Facility
3291:DHS Office of Health Affairs
927:COL Ernest T. Takafuji, MD,
657:Government Accounting Office
4021:Biological Materials MASINT
3934:National Response Framework
3843:Laboratory Response Network
3804:Biological Threat Reduction
3748:Battelle Memorial Institute
2890:Laboratory Response Network
1758:U.S. Army Public Health Cmd
1577:Category:United States Army
1086:Notable USAMRIID scientists
884:COL Richard F. Barquist, MD
863:Brig. Gen. Kenneth R. Dirks
842:List of USAMRIID commanders
698:. USAMRIID's role in this "
674:Thomas Geisbert discovered
586:Centers for Disease Control
566:Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers
4441:
4289:Aeromedical Isolation Team
2845:Center for Health Security
1686:Major Subordinate Commands
1604:
906:COL Charles L. Bailey, PhD
578:Aeromedical Isolation Team
447:U.S. Department of Defense
356:U.S. Department of Defense
3197:
2953:Burkholderia pseudomallei
2511:AMEDD Center & School
1743:AMEDD Center & School
1673:Enlisted medical soldiers
1572:
1313:, New York: Random House.
678:similar in appearance to
394:World Health Organization
139:
3861:(BMO) (part of JPEO-CBD)
3589:State Health Departments
3573:Local Health Departments
2229:Combat Support Hospitals
1657:Medical Specialist Corps
1345:", August 8, 2008, p. 1.
1310:The Demon in the Freezer
1062:COL Constance L. Jenkins
985:COL George W. Korch, PhD
974:COL Erik A. Henchal, PhD
781:The Demon in the Freezer
670:(SHF) in 1989, USAMRIID
668:simian hemorrhagic fever
484:U.S. Army Chemical Corps
172:United States of America
4369:Isolation (health care)
4339:Biological warfare (BW)
3712:University of Rochester
3683:Henry L. Stimson Center
3082:Viral hemorrhagic fever
2717:Military Vaccine Agency
1617:Army Medical Department
1398:The Frederick News-Post
1332:, August 8, 2008, p. 1.
941:COL David R. Franz, DVM
810:, and Army operations.
599:Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
488:Army Medical Department
199:Medical R&D Command
3108:Psychochemical weapons
2958:Chlamydophila psittaci
2558:Captains Career Course
2363:Forward Surgical Teams
1115:William C. Patrick III
916:COL Ronald G. Williams
705:" became the focus of
512:, the causal agent of
438:
430:
274:
4364:Entomological warfare
4265:Defunct organizations
4245:Wood Green ricin plot
4149:Project Bioshield Act
4126:Executive Order 13139
3479:Dugway Proving Ground
3202:Wiktionary definition
3143:Entomological warfare
3022:Legionnaires' disease
2807:Wood Green ricin plot
1652:Medical Service Corps
1260:www.usamriid.army.mil
1018:COL Erin P. Edgar, MD
873:COL Joseph F. Metzger
797:Secretary of the Army
726:During the period of
692:Hazleton Laboratories
672:electron microscopist
643:, chaired by Senator
623:monoclonal antibodies
603:Legionnaire's disease
354:USAMRIID is the only
272:
4400:2001 anthrax attacks
4240:2001 anthrax attacks
3908:Medical intelligence
3891:Select Agent Program
3815:Project Clear Vision
2972:Equine encephalitis
2802:2001 anthrax attacks
2278:115th Field Hospital
2001:DiLorenzo TRICARE HC
1748:U.S. Army Dental Cmd
1285:english.ohmynews.com
1243:Notes and references
1185:Hospital Management-
812:U.S. Representatives
709:'s bestselling 1995
413:2001 anthrax attacks
54:improve this article
3047:Salmonella enterica
2231:and Field Hospitals
2080:Field medical units
1542: /
1125:Richard O. Spertzel
1073:COL Aaron C. Pitney
1040:COL Gary A. Wheeler
838:had been improved.
684:crab-eating macaque
582:rapid response team
335:. It is located on
4256:2013 ricin letters
4251:2003 ricin letters
3798:, implemented the
3727:George Mason Univ.
3148:Infectious disease
2885:Health Threat Unit
2817:2013 ricin letters
2812:2003 ricin letters
2769:Biological warfare
1702:North Atlantic RMC
1546:39.438°N 77.4234°W
1501:. 23 November 2019
1391:Eckstein, Megan, "
1363:", August 9, 2008.
686:imported from the
634:Maxwell R. Thurman
500:William D. Tigertt
333:biological warfare
275:
190:United States Army
4387:
4386:
4334:Biological hazard
4302:
4301:
4180:
4179:
4068:
4067:
4055:Biosafety cabinet
3967:
3966:
3926:Disaster response
3820:Project Jefferson
3775:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3753:SRI International
3655:
3654:
3554:
3553:
3410:
3409:
3220:
3219:
3207:Wikimedia Commons
3172:International law
3123:Biological hazard
2997:Foodborne illness
2993:
2985:
2978:
2963:Coxiella burnetii
2925:Biological agents
2735:
2734:
2679:
2678:
2596:
2595:
2490:
2489:
2074:
2073:
2026:Heidelberg MEDDAC
1877:
1876:
1792:Forest Glen Annex
1771:
1770:
1681:
1680:
1382:, August 9, 2008.
1379:Los Angeles Times
1083:
1082:
1051:COL E. Darrin Cox
849:COL Dan Crozier,
756:US Postal Service
632:In 1985, General
580:(AIT)—a military
574:Rift Valley fever
550:Coxiella burnetii
509:Coxiella burnetii
496:Army Medical Unit
492:Project Whitecoat
476:Abram S. Benenson
453:'s 1969 and 1970
368:Biosafety Level 4
264:
263:
146:The USAMRIID logo
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4432:
4329:Biological agent
4284:Sunshine Project
4218:
4077:
3978:
3940:(DHS; including
3789:Threat reduction
3786:
3758:Idaho Technology
3697:Brown University
3669:Academic centers
3666:
3563:
3421:
3274:
3265:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3224:
3133:Ethnic bioweapon
3091:Related concepts
3057:Salmonella typhi
2988:
2981:
2973:
2780:Modern incidents
2762:
2755:
2748:
2739:
2605:
2521:Borden Institute
2499:
2136:Medical Brigades
2088:Medical Commands
2085:
1888:
1808:
1783:Fort Sam Houston
1712:Great Plains RMC
1690:
1647:Veterinary Corps
1622:
1610:
1609:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:39.438; -77.4234
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1523:USAMRIID website
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1467:
1466:
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1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1401:, July 15, 2010.
1389:
1383:
1370:
1364:
1356:Associated Press
1352:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1329:Washington Times
1320:
1314:
1305:Preston, Richard
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1252:
1157:, microbiologist
846:
804:two-star general
696:Reston, Virginia
455:Executive Orders
405:genetic analysis
383:state-of-the-art
345:Washington, D.C.
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4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4359:Decontamination
4344:Biosurveillance
4298:
4266:
4260:
4222:
4221:Past biological
4209:
4186:
4176:
4104:
4087:Geneva Protocol
4064:
4050:Biosafety level
4036:
4004:
3973:
3963:
3920:
3902:
3876:
3830:Biosurveillance
3824:
3810:Project Bacchus
3781:
3767:
3739:
3732:
3671:and think tanks
3670:
3661:
3651:
3598:
3577:
3550:
3483:
3452:
3425:
3416:
3406:
3367:
3334:
3315:
3269:
3256:
3251:
3221:
3216:
3193:
3179:Geneva Protocol
3167:
3138:Decontamination
3086:
2943:Botulinum toxin
2938:Avian influenza
2919:
2835:Australia Group
2827:
2821:
2775:
2766:
2736:
2731:
2700:
2675:
2644:
2592:
2567:
2546:
2525:
2503:
2486:
2432:759th FST (ABN)
2408:541th FST (ABN)
2401:274th FST (ABN)
2357:
2223:
2130:
2109:
2070:
1974:
1910:Blanchfield ACH
1883:
1873:
1857:
1803:
1802:Medical Centers
1797:
1767:
1731:
1694:
1677:
1661:
1611:
1607:
1602:
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1568:
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1548:
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1497:
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1480:
1479:. 26 March 2020
1475:
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1439:
1437:
1436:. 2 August 2019
1432:
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1410:
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1390:
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1371:
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1322:Seper, Jerry, "
1321:
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1170:
1088:
844:
827:
815:John D. Dingell
808:Surgeon General
776:Richard Preston
774:is detailed in
744:
724:
707:Richard Preston
610:fungal toxins,
594:
546:
533:Arnold G. Wedum
472:
467:
443:
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290:
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260:Aaron C. Pitney
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4316:
4314:Agro-terrorism
4310:
4308:
4307:Related topics
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4074:
4070:
4069:
4066:
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4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4042:Biocontainment
4038:
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4034:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
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4003:
4002:
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3270:administrative
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3145:
3140:
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3130:
3125:
3120:
3118:Biocontainment
3115:
3110:
3105:
3103:Anthrax hoaxes
3100:
3098:Agro-terrorism
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Staphylococcus
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
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2114:Medical Groups
2111:
2110:
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2097:
2091:
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2061:Woodbridge AHC
2058:
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2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:Guthrie MEDDAC
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Bavaria MEDDAC
1993:
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1517:External links
1515:
1513:
1512:
1490:
1468:
1447:
1425:
1403:
1384:
1372:Meyer, Josh, "
1365:
1347:
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1234:
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1158:
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1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
989:
986:
982:
981:
978:
975:
971:
970:
967:
964:
960:
959:
956:
953:
949:
948:
945:
942:
938:
937:
934:
931:
924:
923:
920:
917:
913:
912:
910:
907:
903:
902:
899:
896:
892:
891:
888:
885:
881:
880:
877:
874:
870:
869:
867:
864:
860:
859:
856:
853:
843:
840:
826:
823:
743:
740:
723:
720:
593:
590:
545:
542:
537:biocontainment
529:biocontainment
519:In 1961, Col.
471:
468:
466:
463:
442:
439:
420:
417:
386:biocontainment
265:
262:
261:
255:
249:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
179:
175:
174:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
137:
136:
128:
127:
110:September 2022
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4437:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:International
4183:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3974:and equipment
3970:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3735:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3658:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:Organizations
3259:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Salmonellosis
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Marburg virus
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2219:804th Med BDE
2217:
2215:
2214:338th Med BDE
2212:
2210:
2209:332nd Med BDE
2207:
2205:
2204:330th Med BDE
2202:
2200:
2199:307th Med BDE
2197:
2195:
2194:139th Med BDE
2192:
2190:
2189:176th Med BDE
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Kimbrough ACC
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1870:
1869:Landstuhl AMC
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:Installations
1774:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Southeast RMC
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Medical Corps
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
984:
983:
979:
976:
973:
972:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
940:
939:
935:
932:
930:
926:
925:
921:
918:
915:
914:
911:
908:
905:
904:
900:
897:
894:
893:
889:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
852:
848:
847:
841:
839:
835:
831:
824:
822:
820:
816:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:
794:
789:
785:
783:
782:
778:'s 2002 book
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
741:
739:
737:
733:
729:
728:Desert Shield
721:
719:
717:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
612:marine toxins
609:
608:trichothecene
604:
600:
591:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
543:
541:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
510:
505:
504:Project CD-22
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
469:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
451:Richard Nixon
448:
440:
437:
433:
429:
424:
418:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
320:
284:
280:
271:
266:Military unit
259:
256:
250:
245:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
180:
176:
173:
162:
158:
154:
150:
143:
138:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4415:Fort Detrick
4374:Select agent
4354:CBRN defense
4349:Bioterrorism
4267:and programs
4089:(1925, 1975)
3782:and projects
3662:governmental
3441:Fort Detrick
3426:departmental
2914:
2828:and response
2773:bioterrorism
2619:
2585:
2578:
2542:AMEDD Museum
2504:schools, etc
2238:9th Hosp Ctr
2184:65th Med BDE
2179:62nd Med BDE
2174:44th Med BDE
2169:32nd Med BDE
2164:30th Med BDE
1991:Barquist AHC
1960:Reynolds ACH
1955:Moncrief ACH
1950:McDonald ACH
1848:Beaumont AMC
1788:Fort Detrick
1642:Dental Corps
1527:
1503:. Retrieved
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1406:
1396:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1354:
1350:
1337:
1327:
1318:
1308:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:
1250:
1109:Lisa Hensley
1103:Ayaad Assaad
1097:The Hot Zone
1095:
1092:C. J. Peters
836:
832:
828:
790:
786:
779:
745:
732:Desert Storm
725:
715:The Hot Zone
713:
700:Ebola Reston
665:
651:, chairman,
638:
631:
629:(USAMRICD).
616:
595:
549:
547:
518:
507:
473:
444:
435:
431:
428:containment.
426:
422:
411:used in the
398:
376:
353:
337:Fort Detrick
282:
278:
276:
226:Fort Detrick
212:Part of
155:1969–present
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4132:Patriot Act
4109:Legislation
4016:Cell CANARY
4000:Respirators
3882:Biosecurity
3763:Phoenix Air
3740:contractors
3017:Henipavirus
2948:Brucellosis
2159:8th Med BDE
2154:5th Med BDE
2149:2nd Med BDE
2144:1st Med BDE
2126:67th Med Gp
2121:55th Med Gp
2011:Fairfax FHC
1930:Ireland ACH
1915:Allgood ACH
1900:Bassett ACH
1853:Darnall AMC
1838:Madigan AMC
1828:Tripler AMC
1818:Augusta MMC
1727:Pacific RMC
1717:Western RMC
1637:Nurse Corps
1549: /
1141:Bruce Ivins
819:Bart Stupak
793:Bruce Ivins
772:White House
688:Philippines
676:filoviruses
570:Lassa fever
554:rickettsiae
521:Dan Crozier
401:Ames strain
222:Garrison/HQ
4394:Categories
4319:Biodefense
3982:Protection
3972:Technology
3960:(CDC, DHS)
3884:/Biosurety
3873:(Civilian)
3851:(EPA, CDC)
3806:(DoD) plus
3738:Government
3449:(DHHS/DoD)
3398:(JPEO-CBD)
3212:Wikisource
3012:Hantavirus
2990:Venezuelan
2826:Prevention
2684:Historical
2483:1982nd FST
2480:1980th FST
2100:807th MCDS
2051:Munson AHC
2046:Lyster AHC
2036:Kenner AHC
2006:Dunham AHC
1945:Martin ACH
1940:Keller ACH
1843:Womack AMC
1823:Brooke AMC
1722:Europe RMC
1586:Leadership
1537:77°25′24″W
1534:39°26′17″N
1256:"USAMRIID"
1189:(HM-CBRNE)
1149:Amerithrax
1135:Amerithrax
800:Pete Geren
752:Amerithrax
655:asked the
649:John Glenn
645:Carl Levin
552:and other
470:Beginnings
407:to be the
379:scientists
360:laboratory
247:Commanders
80:newspapers
4223:incidents
4009:Detection
3163:Terrorism
3072:Tularemia
2608:Stateside
2495:Education
2477:948th FST
2474:947th FST
2471:946th FST
2468:945th FST
2465:936th FST
2462:934th FST
2459:933rd FST
2456:932nd FST
2453:915th FST
2450:912th FST
2447:911th FST
2444:909th FST
2441:874th FST
2438:848th FST
2435:772nd FST
2429:758th FST
2426:745th FST
2423:691st FST
2420:629th FST
2417:628th FST
2414:624th FST
2411:555th FST
2405:402nd FST
2397:250th FST
2394:240th FST
2391:160th FST
2388:135th FST
2385:126th FST
2382:102nd FST
2353:865th CSH
2348:801th CSH
2343:452th CSH
2338:405th CSH
2333:399th CSH
2328:396th CSH
2318:349th CSH
2313:345th CSH
2308:328th CSH
2303:325th CSH
2298:256th CSH
2293:228th CSH
2288:212th CSH
2283:121st CSH
2095:AR-MEDCOM
2066:Camp Zama
2056:Rader AHC
1986:Bliss AHC
1935:Irwin ACH
1920:Evans ACH
1905:Jones ACH
1892:Hospitals
1884:(MEDDACs)
1811:Stateside
1804:(MEDCENs)
1418:21 August
1290:21 August
1265:21 August
1121:inspector
558:Argentine
525:biosafety
461:of 1972.
409:bacterium
323:) is the
254:commander
4080:Treaties
4033:(JBAIDS)
3995:NBC suit
3857:(GBTI),
3849:BioWatch
3780:Programs
3725:(NCBID;
3559:Response
3488:Civilian
3457:Military
3417:research
3295:BioWatch
3113:Bacteria
3062:Smallpox
3007:Glanders
2787:Unit 731
2649:Overseas
2572:Products
2502:Centers,
2379:67th FST
2323:352d CSH
2273:75th CSH
2268:48th CSH
2263:47th CSH
2258:31th CSH
2253:28th CSH
2248:14th CSH
2105:3rd MCDS
2041:Kirk AHC
1970:Winn ACH
1965:Weed ACH
1925:Wood ACH
1862:Overseas
1695:commands
1693:Regional
1666:Enlisted
1625:Officers
1505:20 March
1483:26 April
1461:26 April
1440:14 March
1307:(2002),
1206:See also
1079:present
770:and the
703:outbreak
486:and the
341:Maryland
329:research
325:U.S Army
283:USAMRIID
237:Motto(s)
230:Maryland
18:USAMRIID
4214:History
3936:of the
3865:ESSENCE
3603:Federal
3415:Federal
3268:Federal
2983:Western
2976:Eastern
2933:Anthrax
2551:Courses
2530:Museums
2376:8th FST
2373:2nd FST
2370:1st FST
2016:Fox AHC
1979:Clinics
1195:(FIBWA)
1151:culprit
1147:as the
1137:suspect
690:to the
514:Q fever
465:History
419:Mission
370:within
364:viruses
343:, near
258:Colonel
252:Current
160:Country
94:scholar
4247:(2002)
4206:(2004)
4168:(2006)
4162:(2005)
4151:(2004)
4140:(2002)
4134:(2001)
4128:(1999)
4101:(1972)
4095:(1969)
3954:(DHHS)
3616:, HHS)
3547:(USDA)
3424:Trans-
3077:Typhus
3037:Plague
1790:(with
1736:Others
1201:(BAIT)
1182:(FCBC)
1176:(MMBC)
1119:UNSCOM
562:Korean
392:, the
358:(DoD)
232:, U.S.
187:
178:Branch
169:
152:Active
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3899:(DoD)
3893:(CDC)
3867:(DoD)
3845:(CDC)
3648:(CDC)
3642:(CDC)
3582:State
3566:Local
3531:/DHS)
3521:(HHS)
3513:NIAID
3511:(HHS/
3503:NIAID
3158:Toxin
3153:Virus
3042:Ricin
3002:Fungi
2968:Ebola
2705:Other
1068:2023
1057:2021
1046:2019
1035:2017
1024:2015
1013:2013
1002:2011
991:2008
980:2005
969:2002
958:2000
947:1998
936:1995
922:1992
901:1990
890:1983
879:1977
858:1973
825:2010s
742:2000s
722:1990s
680:Ebola
619:ELISA
592:1980s
544:1970s
101:JSTOR
87:books
3990:MOPP
3944:and
3942:NIMS
3871:RODS
3802:and
3660:Non-
3624:USMC
3614:NDMS
3539:USDA
3499:UTMB
3340:DHHS
3032:Mold
2771:and
1507:2020
1485:2020
1463:2020
1442:2020
1420:2018
1292:2018
1267:2018
1076:2023
1065:2021
1054:2019
1043:2017
1032:2015
1021:2013
1010:2011
999:2008
988:2005
977:2002
966:2000
955:1998
944:1995
933:1992
919:1990
909:1990
898:1983
887:1977
876:1973
866:1973
855:1969
817:and
730:and
711:book
564:and
527:and
277:The
204:Role
196:Type
73:news
4293:DoD
4073:Law
3946:ICS
3634:CDC
3529:EPA
3373:DoD
3357:CDC
3321:DNI
3278:DHS
1395:",
1376:",
1359:, "
1326:",
1145:FBI
929:MPH
768:CIA
764:DOJ
760:HHS
748:FBI
694:in
516:.)
445:By
366:at
56:by
4396::
3439:,
1283:.
1258:.
851:MD
784:.
766:,
762:,
718:.
663:.
568:,
560:,
415:.
374:.
339:,
295:uː
285:;
228:,
4295:)
4291:(
3948:)
3729:)
3714:)
3710:(
3699:)
3695:(
3636:)
3632:(
3626:)
3622:(
3612:(
3541:)
3537:(
3527:(
3515:)
3505:)
3501:/
3497:(
3443:)
3435:(
3359:)
3355:(
3297:)
3246:e
3239:t
3232:v
2992:)
2974:(
2761:e
2754:t
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1509:.
1487:.
1465:.
1444:.
1422:.
1294:.
1269:.
319:/
316:d
313:ɪ
310:r
307:m
304:æ
301:s
298:ˈ
292:j
289:/
281:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
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