231:(6KRO) and will interrupt the CPU every time the keyboard is polled (even if there is no state change) unless the USB controller is programmed to tell the keyboard to respond with negative acknowledgments, which the USB controller discards in hardware without interrupting the CPU, when there are no state changes to report. This profile is intended to allow the BIOS to handle a USB keyboard in the absence of a USB-aware operating system. The recommended profile for keyboards that are not in boot mode in this specification limits keyboards to 6KRO and causes them to respond to an interrupt with a status report at least every half second (again, even if there is no state change) in order to implement typematic (repeating the
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the system when they have no status change to report according to the USB HID specification's default profile for mouse devices. Both PS/2 and USB allow the sample rate to be overridden, with PS/2 supporting a sampling rate of up to 200 Hz and USB supporting a polling rate up to 1 kHz as long as the USB mouse runs at full-speed or higher USB speeds.
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The USB human interface device class can be used to describe both device and interface classes. The interface class is used when a USB device can contain more than one function. It is possible, therefore, to have USB devices with two different interfaces at the same time (for example, a USB telephone
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available in most modern operating systems. The USB HID class devices and their basic functions are defined in USB-IF documentation without any specific software in mind. Because of these generic descriptions, it is easy for operating system designers to include functioning drivers for devices such
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USB mice have lower latencies than PS/2 mice because standard USB mice are often polled at a default rate of 125 Hz while standard PS/2 mice send interrupts at a default rate of 100 Hz when they have data to send to the computer. Also, USB mice do not cause the USB controller to interrupt
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level. At the USB level, there is a protocol for devices to announce their capabilities and the operating system to parse the data it gets. The operating system then offers a higher-level view to applications, which do not need to include support for individual devices but for classes of devices.
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declare themselves under this class, despite the fact they often have no human interface at all. Any device can be a USB HID class device as long as a designer meets the USB HID class logical specifications. This is not to say that there is no need to ship drivers for these devices, nor that an
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The USB HID class requires that every device describes how it will communicate with the host device in order to accurately predict and define all current and future human interface devices. During enumeration the device describes how its reports are to be structured so that the host device can
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that abuse the combination of USB's ability to connect many different kinds of devices, its inability to verify that devices are actually what they claim to be, the possibility for USB devices to change their type or announce additional subdevices while plugged in, and its default behavior of
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Computer mouse is another common USB HID class device. USB HID mice can range from single-button simple devices to multi-button compound devices. Most modern operating systems ship with drivers for standard HID mouse designs (the most common modern mouse design has two dedicated buttons and a
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The USB HID class describes devices used with nearly every modern computer. Many predefined functions exist in the USB HID class. These functions allow hardware manufacturers to design a product to USB HID class specifications and expect it to work with any software that also meets these
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Keyboards are a common kind of USB HID class device. The USB HID class keyboard is normally designed with an IN endpoint that communicates keystrokes to the computer and an OUT endpoint that communicates the status of the keyboard's LEDs from the computer to the keyboard. The
402:(USB-IF). When a vendor makes a custom USB HID class device, the reports formed by the device need to match the report description given during enumeration and the driver installed on the host system. In this way it is possible for the USB HID class to be extremely flexible.
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The host periodically polls the device's interrupt IN endpoint during operation. When the device has data to send it forms a report and sends it as a reply to the poll token. Common devices such as keyboards and mice send reports that are compliant with standards set by the
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when the key is pressed long enough) unless the USB controller is programmed to tell the keyboard to reply with negative acknowledgments whenever there are no state changes to report. However, keyboards in non-boot mode are free to implement an alternative HID profile.
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devices, USB HID class game devices do not normally require proprietary drivers to function. Nearly all game devices will function using onboard drivers as long as the device is designed around the drivers and the USB HID class specifications.
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pipes are not used in HID class devices. Both IN and OUT control transfers are required for enumeration; only an IN interrupt transfer is required for HID reports. OUT interrupt transfers are optional in HID-class devices.
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as keyboards, mice, and other generic human interface devices. The inclusion of these generic drivers allows for faster deployment of devices and easier installation by end-users.
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human interface devices. The
Bluetooth profile specification only points readers to the USB HID documentation. In this sense those devices also belong to the USB HID class.
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profile specified in the USB Device Class
Definition for Human Interface Devices (HID) v1.11 and are explicitly configured to use the boot protocol. These are limited to
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The USB HID class specifications allow for myriad other devices under the USB HID class. Some examples are automobile simulation controllers, exercise machines,
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accepting any device that connects to it. As a partial countermeasure, PS/2 peripherals may be used instead together with disabling all USB ports.
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operating system will immediately recognize the device. This only means that the device can declare itself under the human interface device class.
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The interface devices are also defined with subclass descriptors. The subclass descriptor is used to declare a device bootable. A
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that doubles as the third button); mice with extended functionality require custom drivers from the manufacturer.
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must detect and work with USB HID class keyboards that are designed to be used during the boot process.
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devices, thermometers, audio controls and medical instrumentation. Even
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There are two levels of APIs related to USB HID: the USB level and the
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may use a keypad covered by the HID class and a speaker covered by the
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The USB HID class is defined in a number of documents provided by the
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Each USB HID interface communicates with the host using either a
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The USB interface is vulnerable to security exploits such as
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653:: Microsoft's PC System specifications (e.g. PC '97, PC '98)
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was the first version of
Windows that supported USB HID.
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239:The above-mentioned behavior is in contrast to the
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152:: it specifies a device class (a type of
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361:and will be recognized by a computer's
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605:"Microsoft Related HID Documentation"
357:meets a minimum adherence to a basic
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216:standard requires that a computer's
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578:Anthony, Sebastian (31 July 2014).
69:"USB human interface device class"
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138:USB human interface device class
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18:USB Human Interface Device class
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295:uninterruptible power supplies
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27:Type of USB specification
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306:Security vulnerabilities
158:human interface devices
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515:"LCOM 2012/2013: Lab5"
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560:. News.thomasnet.com
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54:improve this article
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795:Mass storage
609:. Retrieved
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52:Please help
47:verification
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800:Flash drive
584:ExtremeTech
406:USB HID API
378:Isochronous
372:pipe or an
355:boot device
258:mouse wheel
170:touchscreen
906:PoweredUSB
891:Decoration
865:USB killer
714:connectors
611:2013-01-22
589:26 October
564:2014-01-18
543:2014-07-09
521:2014-07-09
500:2014-07-09
476:2013-01-22
436:References
330:Windows 98
80:newspapers
805:FlashCard
607:. USB.org
374:interrupt
291:telephony
278:game port
274:joysticks
207:Keyboards
201:Bluetooth
162:keyboards
134:computing
926:Category
843:Security
740:Versions
707:Hardware
423:See also
359:protocol
233:scancode
160:such as
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628:USB.org
389:Reports
370:control
319:Drivers
191:Devices
94:scholar
911:WebUSB
855:BadUSB
376:pipe.
312:BadUSB
156:) for
136:, the
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874:Other
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767:USB-C
728:power
457:(PDF)
431:(OTG)
415:This
251:Mouse
214:PC 97
101:JSTOR
87:books
812:UASP
772:USB4
591:2015
382:bulk
380:and
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297:and
241:PS/2
218:BIOS
166:mice
73:news
932:USB
896:Hub
817:SSD
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757:2.0
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688:USB
350:).
146:USB
132:In
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