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was overhauled and auxiliary machinery was added for the elevators, for heating the berthing spaces, for refrigerated food storage, for additional fresh water distilling capacity, for magazine sprinklers and galley and washroom plumbing, and enlarged electric generators for lighting and radio communications. Existing coal bunkers on the third deck were replaced with a bunker in the hold forward of the boiler room with chutes to load coal over the mines. Larger boats and heavier anchors required larger davits and anchor windlass, and the mines required specialized handling machinery.
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522:, the North Sea mine barrage was the "biggest mine planting stunt in the world's history." The United States converted eight civilian steamships as minelayers for the 100,000 mines manufactured for the barrage. The largest of these were four freighters owned by Southern Pacific Steamship Company. Southern Pacific Transportation Company had evolved from the
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was improved by strengthening existing bulkheads and building two new bulkheads to divide the largest compartments so the ship might stay afloat if only one compartment were flooded. Quarters were enlarged to accommodate messing and berthing arrangements for a crew of about 400. The main machinery
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individually capable of transferring two mines every 20 seconds from the storage decks to the launching deck. Stern ports were cut for launching the mines and the rudder quadrant was raised to give adequate clearance.
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on 27 May 1918. While operating as part of Mine
Squadron 1 from 7 June until the close of the war on 11 November 1918,
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Department of the Navy: Naval
Historical Center: Online Library of Selected Images: U.S. Navy Ships: USS
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534:. Sailors similarly referred to these former Southern Pacific ships as the Big Four.
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to become the dominant transportation provider in
California. Owners of the original
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planted 890 mines during the final 13th minelaying excursion on 24 October.
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took control of the ship from
Southern Pacific Steamship Company in 1917.
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on 7 August 1919 and returned to the
Southern Pacific Steamship Company.
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planted 820 mines during the 12th minelaying excursion on 13 October, and
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planted 860 mines during the 10th minelaying excursion on 27 September,
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planted 830 mines during the 9th minelaying excursion on 20 September,
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planted 820 mines during the 8th minelaying excursion on 7 September,
357:. Work began on 22 November 1917. Gun platforms were added for two
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planted 860 mines during the 11th minelaying excursion on 4 October,
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The Yankee mining squadron; or, Laying the North Sea mining barrage
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planted 810 mines during the 7th minelaying excursion on 26 August,
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planted 640 mines during the 6th minelaying excursion on 18 August,
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planted 170 mines during the 5th minelaying excursion on 8 August,
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planted 810 mines during the 4th minelaying excursion on 29 July,
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planted 798 mines during the 3rd minelaying excursion on 14 July,
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planted 710 mines during the 2nd minelaying excursion on 30 June,
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planted 763 mines during the 1st minelaying excursion on 7 June,
643:(1920) United States Naval Institute pp. 46–47, 74 & 110
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on 7 February 1919. She made three voyages as a troop
479:, Virginia, on 3 January 1919 and was assigned to the
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World War I mine warfare vessels of the United States
654:The Northern Barrage and Other Mining Activities
464:in port in 1919 during her service as a troop
312:Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company
100:Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company
8:
704:Unique minelayers of the United States Navy
656:(1920) Government Printing Office pp. 70–71
608:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
602:This article incorporates text from the
16:For other ships with the same name, see
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303:temporarily converted for planting the
322:on 7 October 1899 for service between
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709:Ships built in Newport News, Virginia
218:405 ft 1 in (123.47 m)
52:
7:
694:Transports of the United States Navy
226:48 ft 3 in (14.71 m)
234:22 ft 6 in (6.86 m)
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373:on three decks, and included six
351:Morse Dry Dock and Repair Company
157:Operated as commercial passenger-
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495:, returning 4,166 troops to the
369:conversion enabled her to carry
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524:First transcontinental railroad
1:
611:. The entry can be found
340:United States Shipping Board
147:United States Shipping Board
481:Cruiser and Transport Force
405:on 12 May 1918 and reached
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639:Belknap, Reginald Rowan
528:Central Pacific Railroad
515:In the words of British
489:United States East Coast
149:1919 for return to owner
345:She was fitted out for
261:21 officers and 400 men
169:General characteristics
674:(ID # 1696), 1918-1919
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383:Watertight subdivision
320:Newport News, Virginia
308:North Sea Mine Barrage
104:Newport News, Virginia
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403:Newport, Rhode Island
520:Lewis Clinton-Baker
407:Inverness, Scotland
253:830 mines (900 max)
201:Gross register tons
652:Daniels, Josephus
530:were known as the
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397:on 2 March 1918.
359:anti-aircraft guns
355:Brooklyn, New York
347:United States Navy
279:3"/23 caliber guns
84:(c. 1565-1647), a
363:5"/51 caliber gun
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273:5"/51 caliber gun
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579:became No. 1697
565:became No. 1696
553:became No. 1695
541:became No. 1694
336:Galveston, Texas
297:Southern Pacific
121:23 November 1917
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38:(ID-1696) in
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164:c. 1900-1917
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129:2 March 1918
126:Commissioned
90:Narragansett
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35:
22:
545:Canandaigua
349:service by
332:New Orleans
305:World War I
288:The second
699:1899 ships
683:Categories
590:References
583:Housatonic
367:minelaying
365:aft. The
299:freighter
210:7,620 tons
159:cargo ship
672:Canonicus
581:USS
570:Canonicus
568:USS
555:USS
543:USS
501:Canonicus
485:transport
473:Canonicus
466:transport
462:Canonicus
411:Canonicus
399:Canonicus
391:Canonicus
378:elevators
314:launched
292:Canonicus
189:(in 1919)
187:transport
182:(in 1918)
180:Minelayer
82:Canonicus
72:Canonicus
36:Canonicus
539:El Siglo
532:Big Four
511:Big Four
401:cleared
295:was the
266:Armament
250:Capacity
118:Acquired
110:Launched
78:Namesake
557:Roanoke
338:. The
196:Tonnage
96:Builder
48:History
40:British
600:
577:El Rio
563:El Cid
551:El Dia
493:France
316:El Cid
301:El Cid
215:Length
199:4,665
185:Troop
162:El Cid
371:mines
244:knots
239:Speed
231:Draft
154:Notes
613:here
503:was
491:and
393:was
389:USS
375:Otis
334:and
326:and
290:USS
277:2 ×
271:1 ×
258:Crew
223:Beam
174:Type
142:Fate
70:USS
67:Name
34:USS
499:.
353:at
318:at
310:.
242:15
685::
624:^
413::
102:,
615:.
468:.
20:.
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