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996:. By 16:25, water began to enter the ship via her funnels, 70 ft (21 m) above the waterline, putting out the fires in her boilers and preventing her from raising enough steam to get underway. She began to strike the rocky harbor bottom at 16:40, damaging her propellers just as she was raising enough steam to begin moving, and her engines lost steam pressure.
1004:
highest points, and washing crewmen overboard. The waves rolled her heavily, caused her to strike the harbor bottom, then pushed her to the beach .5 nmi (0.58 mi; 0.93 km) away. By 17:00, she had been driven under cliffs along the coast of the harbor and was resting on the harbor bottom. She was battered into a complete wreck in 90 minutes.
1507:
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had seen approaching over the past hour arrived; she rolled into a deep trough and was struck immediately by what proved to be three very large waves in rapid succession, the highest of them estimated by the crew to have been 70 ft (21 m) in height, completely swamping her except for her
732:
coast until 24 August 1908 but suffered a boiler tube explosion on 5 June, which killed seven men, while steaming at full speed. The explosion occurred just after the rear admiral in charge of the squadron had visited on a tour of inspection; had the explosion taken place a few minutes earlier, he
1116:
exceeding 100 ft (30 m) in height, and this explanation has been carried forward by most sources discussing her loss. More recent research, however, has called this explanation into question. No record of any seismic event in the
Caribbean on 29 August 1916 that could have triggered a
1185:, it was apparent as early as the day after the disaster that she was not worth repairing; she was outdated by 1916, she had suffered the destruction of her propulsion plant and severe distortion of her hull structure, and her bottom had been driven in. Accordingly, the
1141:. Such a circumstance appears to explain the loss of the ship better than the tsunami theory. Oceanographer Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis in particular published an extensively detailed rebuttal demonstrating that a tsunami could not have caused the foundering of
733:
might have been among the casualties. Since the ship's 16 boilers were sub-divided into separate watertight compartments, the rest of the engineering section was not affected. Once repairs had been made and her tour had ended,
1246:, on 17 January 1922 for scrapping for the sum of $ 3,000 (US$ 84,000 in 2024). Scrapped on site, her wreck proved difficult to dismantle, and the last of it did not disappear from the Santo Domingo shoreline until 1938.
1025:
and were caught in the harbor by the huge breakers, and eight more lost in three boats wrecked after dark as they attempted to reach shore – and 204 badly injured. Due to their heroic actions during this incident,
1136:
active in the
Caribbean between 12 August and 2 September 1916 passed westward just to the south. Waves generated from these storms could well have combined to create a large wave like those that struck and wrecked
769:
for a round trip voyage to Panama to inspect further progress on the canal. She returned to
Hampton Roads on 22 November and then engaged in battle practice off the Virginia coast into February 1911. Following a
1448:
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY -- NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER Online
Library of Selected Images -- EVENTS -- The 1910s -- 1916 Loss of USS Memphis, 29 August 1916 -- Salvage Efforts on the Ship's Wreck
1153:. This swamped the cruiser, anchored in only 55 ft (17 m) of water, and would have done so even had the ship been at full maneuvering power. Pararas-Carayannis concluded that had
1017:
s casualties numbered 43 men dead or missing – 10 of them washed overboard by the waves or killed by steam as the ship's powerplant broke up, another 25 lost as they returned from
1670:
1008:, meanwhile, managed to reach safer waters by getting underway and putting to sea through the large waves, although damaged by them and at times in danger of capsizing.
1812:
932:(0.58 mi; 930 m) off a rocky beach in 45 ft (14 m) of water in the harbor of Santo Domingo on the afternoon of 29 August 1916 with two of her 16
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1165:
1517:
1779:
1942:
1431:
1360:
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY -- NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER Online
Library of Selected Images -- EVENTS -- The 1910s -- 1916 Loss of USS Memphis, 29 August 1916
843:
by carrying gold bullion and other resources to assist in the extraction of
American refugees from war-ravaged Europe. In August, she transported the
2106:
1542:
American Steel Navy: A Photographic
History of the U.S. Navy from the Introduction of the Steel Hull in 1883 to the Cruise of the Great White Fleet.
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sighted an approaching 75 ft (23 m) wave of yellow water stretching along the entire horizon. By 16:00, the wave was closer, had turned
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1313:
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2070:
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1186:
1421:"The Loss of the USS Memphis on 29 August 1916 – Was a Tsunami Responsible? Analysis of a Naval Disaster" by Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
2111:
1970:
1407:
For a discussion of the lack of evidence for a tsunami and the more compelling evidence for freak wind-generated waves having wrecked
1121:
reported – about an hour to cross the distance from the horizon to the ship – matches that of a wind-generated ocean wave (possibly a
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1125:); a tsunami, in contrast, would have covered the distance in only a few minutes. The periods of the three large waves that struck
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been anchored in 100 to 120 ft (30 to 37 m) of water, she would have ridden out the swells, including the killer wave.
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1979:
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was presented to a local church as a gesture of thanks to citizens of Santo
Domingo who had helped to rescue the ship's crew.
1149:, likely did, creating a 59 ft (18 m) wave that reached a breaker height of 90 ft (27 m) as it approached
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1146:
664:
693:, held from 7 to 11 June 1907, to commemorate the tricentennial of the founding of the first English settlement in America.
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296:
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A likely source for such large, wind-generated waves in Santo
Domingo Harbor on 29 August 1916 does exist, in that three
425:
1560:. New York, New York: Holt, Rinear, and Wiston, 1966. Naval Institute Press Classics of Naval Literature 1998 re-print
1432:
heinonline.org 4 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 520 (1935–1936) Annotations of
Opinions of the Attorney General of the United States
793:
on 15 June 1911, she remained on the east coast for 18 months before departing Philadelphia on 12 November 1912 for the
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arrived in Beirut, what was then Syria, to protect the Christian population there in case of attack by Syrian Muslims.
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without her guns, with much of her topside gear missing, and with her gun turrets rotated off the centerline.
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Her bronze bow scrollwork, removed approximately 1909, is on display on a concrete mockup of her bow in
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was rolling 45°, so heavily that large amounts of water cascaded into the ship via her
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began to roll heavily and Captain Beach observed an unexpected heavy swell developing.
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805:
on 1 December, she remained there protecting American citizens and property during the
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and water even was entering the ship via ventilators 50 ft (15 m) above the
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sailed from New York for duty in Europe through the first half of 1915 supporting the
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in color, and had reached about 100 ft (30 m) in height; at the same time,
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to represent the United States at the centenary celebration of the independence of
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until 3 May 1913, when she headed home. After reaching Hampton Roads on the 23rd,
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on the return voyage, the warships arrived back at Hampton Roads on 26 November.
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718:. She returned home in August but departed Hampton Roads on 12 October for the
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1537:(Washington DC: Navy Publishing Company), June 1908. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
1238:
on 17 December 1917 and sold to the A. H. Radetsky Iron and Metal Company of
1641:
USS Tennessee (Armored Cruiser # 10), 1906–1916. Renamed Memphis in May 1916
1199:, to strip her of her guns, supplies, and equipment for use on other ships.
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1133:
1129:
also are characteristic of large wind-generated waves rather than tsunamis.
1044:
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722:, where she became flagship for the second division of the Pacific Fleet.
1989:
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1930:
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1462:. National Marine Engineers Beneficial Association of the United States
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both made preparations to leave the harbor and began to raise steam;
933:
802:
711:
671:
1395:, p. 149, for another citation of the 100-foot tsunami explanation.
1164:
1117:
tsunami has been found, and the rate of advance of the large wave
981:
963:
852:
738:
707:
555:, also referred to as "Armored Cruiser No. 10", and later renamed
271:
1181:
came to rest upright and appeared relatively undamaged above the
1532:
Author not listed, "The Tennessee Accident." In "Service Items,"
779:
1794:
1652:
976:
Conditions in the harbor had deteriorated badly by 15:45, when
888:, so that the name "Tennessee" could be reassigned to the new
913:
on 23 July for peace-keeping patrol off the rebellion-torn
855:. From 28 January-24 February 1916, the cruiser served as
817:
at Philadelphia on 23 October. On 2 May 1914, she became
1586:
U.S. Armored Cruisers: A Design and Operational History.
1483:"USS TENNESSEE - MEMPHIS (Armored Cruiser No. 10/CA 10)"
945:
also was anchored in the harbor. Shortly after 12:00,
1277:. US Naval Department. 1 January 1914. pp. 24–31
961:
expected to be able to get underway at about 16:35.
2002:
1826:
1588:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985.
1574:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1984.
1544:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989.
936:operating in case she needed to get underway; the
674:to check on the progress of work constructing the
150:$ 4,035,000 (contract price of hull and machinery)
1385:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1316:. Naval History and Heritage Command. 8 June 2015
1821:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in August 1916
1602:. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2006.
813:operated on the East Coast until entering the
757:. On 8 November, the armored cruiser departed
1806:
1664:
1572:U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History.
1403:
1401:
1145:, but that the last of the three hurricanes,
628:Society of Sponsors of the United States Navy
8:
689:left Hampton Roads on 16 April 1907 for the
456:(47 mm (1.9 in)) Driggs-Schroeder
397:(41.04 km/h; 25.50 mph) (Speed on
277:15,712 long tons (15,964 t) (full load)
1518:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
901:In July 1916, under the command of Captain
782:waters for two months of operations out of
745:on 23 September to resume service with the
442:caliber Mark 8 breech-loading rifles (16x1)
1813:
1799:
1791:
1780:List of cruisers of the United States Navy
1671:
1657:
1649:
1443:
1441:
1439:
512:3 in (76 mm) (forward & aft)
1387:, New York: Mayflower Books, Inc., 1979,
1383:See, for example, Gardiner, Robert, ed.,
1512:This article incorporates text from the
1460:"American Marine Engineer January, 1917"
1173:after being stripped of essentials, 1922
845:1st Regiment, Marine Expeditionary Force
19:For other ships with the same name, see
2097:Ships built by William Cramp & Sons
1487:NavSource Online: Cruiser Photo Archive
1314:"Tennessee (Armored Cruiser No. 10) iv"
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1302:
1300:
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1296:
1294:
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509:–4 in (38–102 mm) (amidships)
1096:Alternative explanations for the wreck
289:504 ft 5 in (153.75 m)
31:
1112:, ascribed her loss to an unexpected
1100:In his 1966 account of the incident,
685:Following a yard period for repairs,
59:
7:
1616:Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I
1189:assigned the crew of the battleship
1187:United States Department of the Navy
778:early in March, the ship steamed to
999:At about this time, the giant wave
972:at Santo Domingo on 29 August 1916.
1275:"Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels"
700:sailed for Europe in company with
14:
1346:For a description of the loss of
749:. On 15 May 1910, she arrived at
657:on 8 November 1906 as escort for
653:The new armored cruiser departed
2065:
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2040:
1505:
1083:
1071:
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61:
35:
2107:Shipwrecks in the Caribbean Sea
772:Mardi Gras visit to New Orleans
626:and later the foundress of the
233:Sold for scrap, 17 January 1922
714:on the 23rd for duty with the
580:Construction and commissioning
449:caliber rapid-fire guns (22x1)
411:83 officers, 804 enlisted, 64
330:25 ft (7.6 m) (mean)
1:
1614:Taylor, Michael J.H. (1990).
1521:. The entry can be found
670:had embarked for a cruise to
530:5–9 in (130–230 mm)
521:4–7 in (100–180 mm)
46:
905:, the ship got underway for
342:Babcock & Wilcox boilers
797:. Arriving off Smyrna (now
426:10 in (250 mm)/40
390:(41 km/h; 25 mph)
2133:
2112:Maritime incidents in 1916
1147:category 1 Hurricane Eight
859:of a cruiser squadron off
849:Marine Artillery Battalion
841:American Relief Expedition
763:Charleston, South Carolina
593:Cramp Shipbuilding Company
440:6 in (150 mm)/50
18:
2035:
1775:
1749:
1689:
1470:– via Haithi Trust.
1195:, or the wrecking vessel
789:Placed in reserve at the
759:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
678:. After a brief visit to
447:3 in (76 mm)/50
364:vertical triple expansion
295:502 ft (153 m)
239:
54:
34:
2092:Tennessee-class cruisers
1558:The Wreck of the Memphis
1372:The Wreck of the Memphis
1102:The Wreck of the Memphis
716:Special Service Squadron
322: in (22.212 m)
137:William Cramp & Sons
16:US Navy armoured cruiser
1411:, see Smith, pp. 68–69.
1350:, see Smith, pp. 67–70.
884:, honoring the city of
728:then patrolled off the
539:9 in (230 mm)
240:General characteristics
230:Wrecked, 29 August 1916
1174:
973:
928:was at anchor .5
815:Atlantic Reserve Fleet
765:, to embark President
636:Philadelphia Navy Yard
487:5 in (13 cm)
1555:Beach, Edward L., Jr.
1236:Naval Vessel Register
1168:
967:
433:breech-loading rifles
367:reciprocating engines
182:Miss Annie K. Frazier
2117:Rogue wave incidents
1251:Nashville, Tennessee
1234:was struck from the
1021:in the ship's motor
903:Edward L. Beach, Sr.
791:Portsmouth Navy Yard
691:Jamestown Exposition
643:Albert Gleaves Berry
607:on 3 December 1904,
45:(ACR-10), at anchor
1110:Edward L. Beach Jr.
767:William Howard Taft
761:, and proceeded to
603:, on 20 June 1903,
1570:Friedman, Norman.
1175:
1041:Claud Ashton Jones
1034:George William Rud
974:
915:Dominican Republic
886:Memphis, Tennessee
823:New York Navy Yard
668:Theodore Roosevelt
649:Operational career
563:United States Navy
2077:
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1839:Leonardo da Vinci
1788:
1787:
1227:Final disposition
1090:Charles H. Willey
1050:were awarded the
1048:Charles H. Willey
638:on 17 July 1906,
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807:First Balkan War
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613:Annie K. Frazier
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1489:. Navsource.org
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1955:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1873:
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1865:
1862:
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1855:
1852:
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1844:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:Followed by:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:Preceded by:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1718:
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1715:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
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1691:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1625:1-85170-378-0
1621:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1608:0-309-10062-3
1605:
1601:
1600:Extreme Waves
1597:
1595:
1594:0-87021-714-3
1591:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:0-87021-718-6
1577:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1566:1-55750-070-3
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:0-87021-248-6
1547:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:public domain
1488:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:0-8317-0302-4
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1315:
1309:
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1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1260:
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1256:
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1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1202:
1201:New Hampshire
1198:
1194:
1193:
1192:New Hampshire
1188:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
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1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
971:
968:The wreck of
966:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
920:
918:
916:
912:
911:Santo Domingo
908:
907:the Caribbean
904:
899:
897:
896: (BB-43)
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
835:On 6 August,
833:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:Mediterranean
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
776:New York City
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:Pacific Fleet
744:
740:
736:
731:
727:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
699:
694:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
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662:
661:
656:
655:Hampton Roads
648:
646:
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641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
615:(daughter of
614:
610:
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594:
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586:
579:
577:
575:
571:
567:
564:
560:
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554:
552:
538:
536:
535:Conning Tower
532:
529:
527:
523:
520:
518:
514:
511:
495:
493:
489:
486:
484:
480:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
468:torpedo tubes
465:
461:
459:
458:saluting guns
455:
451:
448:
444:
441:
437:
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430:
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307:
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298:
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288:
287:
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276:
273:
270:(14,733
269:
265:
264:
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243:
238:
232:
229:
228:
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219:
216:
213:
212:
208:
205:
204:
201:, 25 May 1916
200:
197:
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105:
103:
99:
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81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
68:United States
58:
53:
44:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
21:USS Tennessee
2079:
2024:
2013:
1991:
1980:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1943:Gustave Zédé
1941:
1932:
1921:
1910:
1899:
1888:
1881:
1870:
1858:
1849:
1837:
1764:
1756:Pennsylvania
1755:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1680:
1645:
1615:
1599:
1585:
1571:
1557:
1541:
1534:
1520:
1511:
1504:
1491:. Retrieved
1486:
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1454:
1427:
1416:
1408:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1281:16 September
1279:. Retrieved
1269:
1248:
1231:
1230:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1206:s crew left
1200:
1196:
1191:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1101:
1099:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:
985:
977:
975:
969:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
925:
924:
909:arriving at
900:
893:
880:
879:
878:was renamed
875:
873:
836:
834:
829:
827:
810:
788:
751:Bahía Blanca
734:
725:
724:
706:and reached
702:
697:
696:On 14 June,
695:
686:
684:
676:Panama Canal
659:
652:
645:in command.
632:commissioned
601:Pennsylvania
597:Philadelphia
584:
583:
557:
556:
550:
548:
546:
533:
524:
515:
490:
481:
346:23,000
274:) (standard)
261:Displacement
249:
198:
190:17 July 1906
187:Commissioned
166:20 June 1903
141:Philadelphia
85:
79:
42:
29:
1493:15 February
1320:11 November
1221:ship's bell
1078:Claud Jones
1019:shore leave
737:sailed for
680:Puerto Rico
547:The second
308:72 ft
218:Hull symbol
155:Yard number
120:1 July 1902
110:, Tennessee
82:(1903–1916)
25:USS Memphis
2102:1904 ships
2086:Categories
1900:Nottingham
1828:Shipwrecks
1708:Washington
1618:. Studio.
1337:, pp. 24–5
1261:References
1134:hurricanes
1123:rogue wave
1066:George Rud
1038:Lieutenant
890:battleship
865:Montevideo
847:, and the
730:California
703:Washington
466:submerged
408:Complement
357:Propulsion
2058:July 1916
2023:USS
2012:HMS
1931:HMS
1909:HMS
1898:HMS
1887:HMS
1880:HMS
1869:HMS
1848:HMS
1727:Charlotte
1695:Tennessee
1681:Tennessee
1466:3 October
1183:waterline
1177:Although
1169:Wreck of
1045:Machinist
994:waterline
990:gun ports
894:Tennessee
876:Tennessee
837:Tennessee
830:Tennessee
811:Tennessee
755:Argentina
743:Pago Pago
735:Tennessee
726:Tennessee
698:Tennessee
687:Tennessee
665:President
663:in which
660:Louisiana
624:Tennessee
609:sponsored
589:laid down
585:Tennessee
570:lead ship
551:Tennessee
517:Barbettes
454:3-pounder
268:long tons
250:Tennessee
163:Laid down
102:Tennessee
100:State of
80:Tennessee
43:Tennessee
2021:29 Aug:
2014:Falmouth
2010:19 Aug:
1978:30 Aug:
1961:29 Aug:
1950:25 Aug:
1940:24 Aug:
1929:22 Aug:
1918:21 Aug:
1911:Falmouth
1907:20 Aug:
1896:19 Aug:
1878:15 Aug:
1867:13 Aug:
1857:10 Aug:
1740:Missoula
1535:The Navy
1335:The Navy
1244:Colorado
1197:Henlopen
857:flagship
617:Governor
605:launched
561:, was a
553:(ACR-10)
419:Armament
220:: ACR-10
206:Stricken
171:Launched
106:City of
95:Namesake
2025:Castine
1965:Memphis
1846:9 Aug:
1836:2 Aug:
1765:Chester
1734:Montana
1714:Seattle
1701:Memphis
1409:Memphis
1370:Beach,
1348:Memphis
1232:Memphis
1214:Memphis
1208:Memphis
1179:Memphis
1171:Memphis
1155:Memphis
1151:Memphis
1143:Memphis
1139:Memphis
1127:Memphis
1119:Memphis
1114:tsunami
1108:s son,
1012:Memphis
1006:Castine
1001:Memphis
986:Memphis
978:Memphis
970:Memphis
959:Memphis
955:Castine
951:Memphis
947:Memphis
942:Castine
938:gunboat
934:boilers
926:Memphis
881:Memphis
869:Uruguay
821:at the
720:Pacific
640:Captain
634:at the
630:), and
611:by Ms.
591:by the
572:of her
558:Memphis
526:Turrets
504:⁄
431:Mark 3
429:caliber
413:marines
317:⁄
266:14,500
199:Memphis
195:Renamed
133:Builder
125:Awarded
117:Ordered
108:Memphis
86:Memphis
55:History
1981:Audace
1871:Lassoo
1860:Kasagi
1622:
1606:
1592:
1578:
1564:
1548:
1510:
1391:
1240:Denver
1043:, and
1023:launch
803:Turkey
712:France
672:Panama
568:, the
393:22.16
373:screws
284:Length
252:-class
88:(1916)
1992:UB-44
1922:UC-10
1767:class
1758:class
1217:'
1204:'
1106:'
1028:Chief
1015:'
982:ochre
853:Haiti
799:İzmir
780:Cuban
739:Samoa
708:Royan
574:class
476:Armor
445:22 ×
438:16 ×
435:(2x2)
399:Trial
395:knots
388:knots
381:Speed
340:16 ×
327:Draft
2054:1917
2046:1916
2038:1915
1963:USS
1952:HMS
1620:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1562:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1523:here
1495:2016
1468:2020
1389:ISBN
1322:2015
1283:2015
953:and
921:Loss
587:was
549:USS
492:Deck
483:Belt
462:4 ×
452:4 ×
424:4 ×
371:2 ×
362:2 ×
305:Beam
225:Fate
147:Cost
74:Name
49:1907
41:USS
23:and
1990:SM
1933:E16
1920:SM
1889:E41
1850:B10
1253:'s
930:nmi
851:to
801:),
622:of
595:of
386:22
348:ihp
158:322
2088::
1968:,
1885:,
1882:E4
1737:/
1724:/
1711:/
1698:/
1485:.
1438:^
1400:^
1291:^
1257:.
1242:,
1219:s
1054:.
1036:,
917:.
898:.
871:.
867:,
825:.
786:.
710:,
599:,
576:.
310:10
297:pp
291:oa
139:,
47:c.
1814:e
1807:t
1800:v
1672:e
1665:t
1658:v
1628:.
1610:.
1525:.
1497:.
1374:.
1324:.
1285:.
537::
528::
519::
506:2
502:1
499:+
497:1
494::
485::
401:)
319:2
315:1
312:+
272:t
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
