33:
915:
983:. Năsturel and Maria's first son, Mateiaș, was born in 1635; some two weeks later, Maria died, leaving the child to be adopted by his godparents, Prince Matei and Princess Elena. He was groomed by the couple as Wallachia's heir-presumptive. Udriște later remarried, to a Despa, with whom he had another son, Radu Toma, and a daughter, Măricuța. He educated his second son at home, arranging him to be tutored in Latin by a scholar Teodor of Kiev. Radu Toma was also an early scribe for his manuscript of
882:
intellectuals and the
Chancellery". According to Theodorescu, Năsturel was a "man of wide-ranging culture", but did not read all of the authors he cited. His verse is "pedantic", its use of Slavonic "already anachronistic"; the main function is to "direct" and feed a "courtly culture", which is on par with other European manifestations. Iorga contends that, overall, Năsturel lacked literary skill and originality, being inferior to his Moldavian counterpart,
1123:
1257:
838:, Năsturel should be regarded as illustrative for the last "thriving stage" of Slavonic writing in Wallachia, or what Theodorescu describes as the "consolidation of cultural Slavonism". Over time, he specialized in the authorship of rhyming prefaces in Slavonic, which endure as "classical landmarks of that cultural moment." The first one of these was published in 1643, at Câmpulung, for a yearbook of
903:. However, it survives only through reprints from the 1670s and later. Scholar Maria Stanciu Istrate, who studied these versions, argues that they suggest an adaptation of Latin rhetoric to the developing literary language, taking many liberties from the strictures of the Russo-Slavonic copies he was using. The result, she finds, was artificial and "
618:
893:, unwittingly evidences that "the promotion of the mother tongue was initially the result of the relegation of Slavism to the background, due to the lack of knowledge of the Church Slavic language, and thus a practical requirement within the Orthodox Church itself". In addition to his Slavonic writing, the
1138:, containing Năsturel's ideas "on generosity". The text is rated by Nicolescu as a "small treatise", while Negrici argues that it is not at all worthy of that title, being "in fact a few pages long". He lost his first-born in 1652. Mateiaș died in the princely home, after having freed the peasants and
1024:
s summer home in Herăști had been rebuilt as a three-story palatial residence. According to Gane, the process was already complete during Radu Năsturel, but other sources suggest that the construction was by Udriște and Cazan. According to
Theodorescu, it shows Udriște as an innovator in the field of
881:
on Greek names" or those he dedicated to Elena, has lexical obscurities and intricate wordplay, leading various specialists to conclude that his was a local manifestation of
Baroque literature. Ethnologist Costion Nicolescu describes it as "rhetorical, pompous and artificial", "addressing an elite of
1231:
The Saxon notary Georg Krauss provides additional details "from reliable sources", namely that the murdered boyars had not approved of Mihnea's plans to align
Wallachia with Transylvania in the anti-Ottoman alliance. Krauss claims that the male victims were only half-strangled, then left to wander
1350:
in
Romanian poetry into the 19th century, even after Slavonic had been dropped. As noted by Negrici, this pattern was exceedingly conservative, characterized by "stereotypes and repetition". The Năsturel family, which continued to be associated with Udricani and Dobroteasa down to the 1840s, also
442:
Udriște was probably born in 1596, although other sources also propose 1598. It is also believed that he was a native of Herăști, which he once described as "my parental village". Radu and
Despina had two other sons, Șerban and Cazan, both of whom were probably older than Udriște. His first name,
603:
mercenaries in
Bucharest. In late 1632, at age 53, Matei defeated Radu Iliaș and took the throne for himself. Elena played a direct part in Wallachia's administration shortly after this—namely, during the interval when Matei negotiated his confirmation by Wallachia's suzerain power, the
1278:, in his memory. The family's cultural mission was carried on by Radu Toma, who, in 1669, founded the first Wallachian school to offer courses in both Romanian and Slavonic, and offered tuition to disadvantaged children. He also pursued a career in politics, obtaining the title of
1182:
led a more obscure existence during the final stage of Matei
Basarab's reign and beyond. The Prince died in early 1654, allowing Constantin Șerban to take the throne. Năsturel continued to serve as a diplomat and, in spring 1656, was sent on a state visit to Moldavia and the
1224:(1658–1659), after originally serving him. According to an 18th-century overview by Constantin Filipescu, Mihnea plotted an anti-Ottoman uprising, and for this purpose staged a "godless" purge of the unruly boyars. Udriște and various of his Council peers were kidnapped at
1100:, which could allow it to be ransacked by Ottoman invaders. It is however known that Năsturel kept a second such home, in Transylvania, alongside his lesser residences in Târgoviște and Bucharest. He and Elena co-funded the church in Herăști, with Udriște alone being the
1248:, which shows the figure of a man dressed in 17th-century court attire, was identified by Iorga as belonging to Năsturel. It includes a fragmentary Slavonic dedication suggesting that the subject had died on a Wednesday, at two o'clock in the morning.
926:
Panaitescu sees Năsturel as potentially responsible for the effort to collect fragmentary historiographic texts and arrange them into an ideologically coherent whole. This effort, Panaitescu argues, eventually produced part of the compilation known as
810:
was only a humanist in the sense that he had an intellectual life, which, though "extremely rare in that era", never implied complex scholarship. As rated by
Negrici, Năsturel never was a "paradigmatic figure of European humanism." Cultural historian
1429:, the family's land in Năsturelu, as well as the academy's plot there. The palace at Herăști, devastated by a fire in 1931, was also confiscated from the Stolojans. Eventually restored to its original state in the 1960s, it was later assigned to the
516:. Helped by a private tutor, Udriște used that same book to learn Latin, which he could speak to perfection. In addition to Latin, Slavonic and Greek, Udriște was fluent in Russian. Some authors have suggested that Năsturel also attended school in
802:. Cândea argued against other authors who described Năsturel as an actual humanist, noting that he was a mere precursor to the belated surfacing of a Wallachian humanism later that century. This critique was also embraced by literary historian
1142:
living on all his personal properties. A letter by Prince Matei records the princely couple's "great distress". However, when he began searching for a new heir, he omitted Radu Toma and focused on Mihai, orphaned son of the former Prince
3151:
1206:, who proclaimed himself Prince and, after a series of battles, was captured and executed in September 1657. Dates proposed for Năsturel's own death range from 1657 to 1659. In his last years, he had been replaced as
933:. Năsturel's blason poem was also republished in the Romanian in 1643, then republished in 1644. He may have written various other poems in the vernacular, but they appear lost. One scholarly theory proposes that the
1174:. His last work in Romanian, it is seen by Theodorescu as "conventional and so very bland", largely an adaptation of Baroque dedications. Also according to Theodorescu, Năsturel brought into the country the sculptor
1025:
architecture, going beyond the stylistic guidelines endorsed by Matei
Basarab, and contrasting the conservative tastes of Moldavian boyars. He rates it as the "most interesting monument of its day", a late sample of
761:. Here, he explains the effort to collect and translate relevant literature, deploring the "scarcity and shortage of such books". Scholars also regard him as the author of the preface to another legal code, the 1652
2604:, p. 28. Bucharest: Editura Librăriei Universitare I. Carabaș, 1943; Lucian-Valeriu Lefter, Tudor-Radu Tiron, "Genealogic and Heraldic Notes on the Moldavian Families Settled in the East (15th–18th Centuries)", in
1460:, overseen by Cândea, contributed to this trend. According to Chivu, it revised a period when the book had fallen into obscurity, following the discovery of its "striking similarities" with the hagiography of the
1240:). Constantin Rezachevici, who proposes, against other historians, that the event took place in July 1659, notes that the victims of this massacre also included Buicescul; the latter is also argued by historian
1472:
include Petre Ș. Năsturel (1923–2012), also a heraldist and art historian who lived in exile following the communist takeover. His "last public intervention", in June 2009, was dedicated to Udriște and his
415:. He also proposed that Herăști took its name from a family patriarch, "Count" Herea Năsturel. The genealogical link with the ruling princes was in any case enhanced ca. 1600, when Udriște's father, the
869:, with Năsturel recognizing it as a "relative of Latin". However, as Negrici notes, his very retention of Slavonic showed that he was "hostile to the Romanian language". Historian and culture critic
1232:
the halls with no food, until they killed and ate each other; their boyaresses, meanwhile, were stripped down and tied together in sacks with feral cats, who mauled and ate them. A text included in
1333:
over the risk of facing Ottoman reprisals for their insubordination. They include one of Năsturel's descendants, Captain Udrea or Andrei Herescu. His grandson was the Russian poet and academic
656:, he directed the Chancellery, which issued some 1,300 documents during his tenure, all of them surviving. His correspondence attests links with intellectuals of various faiths: the Orthodox
32:
1437:, with his first-ever monograph, published in 1974. Of the landmarks associated with Udriște Năsturel, Sfânta Vineri Herasca did not survive the communist period: heavily damaged in the
1010:, staffed by Kievan expatriates; in parallel, Năsturel himself taught at the Slavonic School, which existed in the same city. This educational effort combined his focus on upholding the
1170:. Princess Elena died in August 1653, shortly after having helped avert a more serious crisis. She left her personal estate to her surviving godson. Năsturel authored Mateiaș's rhyming
1026:
235:
3281:
1390:
award, which included a land donation in Năsturelu. According to Gane and Potra, he was the last of his family. In fact, this extinction refers to the family's male branch. In the
755:
An "editor by excellence of prefaces to books", but one who "never signed his works", Năsturel is identified as the author of the foreword to Matei Basarab's standard legal code,
3371:
249:, and taught it to students at the school in Târgoviște. His favorite forms of expression were the essay and the rhyming preface, but he also perfected a Slavonic answer to the
3286:
3351:
3301:
314:
Udriște's firstborn, Mateiaș, was adopted by the princely couple and groomed as heir to the throne, but died in 1652, before reaching maturity. This event inspired the
1406:'s collection of early Romanian literature (1904). Vasiliu-Năsturel published works looking into the family's own genealogy and heraldry, which had also interested
1351:
used Udriște's coat of arms, although this practice was tolerated, rather than endorsed, by a succession of Wallachian Princes. In 1831, it transferred Herăști to
3032:
Constantin Rezachevici, "Fenomene de criză social-politică în Țara Românească în veacul al XVII-lea (Partea a II-a: a doua jumătate a secolului al XVII-lea)", in
1003:
640:
of the court in 1632, partook directly in her experiment. He is for instance credited with having helped the princely couple set up three printing presses, at
739:
is known to have been writing Latin poetry before 1510. The first lay poems in Romanian appeared some 40 years after Năsturel's piece, and were composed by a
1114:
of Sfânta Vineri Herasca in Bucharest, which was located close to his townhouse. In fact, he and Elena supported financially rather than built the latter.
3386:
3246:
1797:
Andreescu, pp. 27–32; Gane, pp. 232–237. See also Filipescu, pp. 116–118; Papazoglu & Speteanu, pp. 43–48; Stoicescu, pp. 208–209; Theodorescu, p. 12
3241:
3156:
591:, Radu Staico Popescu. At age 35, his other sister, Elena, became Wallachia's Princess-consort. As a teenager (most likely in 1613), she had married
3376:
3266:
850:, printed in 1647 and also containing a lyrical preface. Gane argues that Princess Elena co-wrote some of the text, which is modeled on the Russian
3341:
3201:
1340:
Theodorescu argues that Năsturel's contribution as a palace commissioner is enduring, being a direct precursor of experiments in the 18th-century
973:
His father and his brother Șerban were no probably no longer alive by the time of his ascendancy; Cazan, who was still active, never joined the
3306:
3186:
1430:
397:) and other Wallachian villages. The same document suggests that Vrăjoghie, the family patriarch, was "of My Highness' own house", namely the
3261:
3256:
2979:
2902:
1526:
859:
348:, and his body was desecrated in the streets of Bucharest. He was survived by another son, Radu Toma, who held major political offices under
3176:
1270:
Later generations held Năsturel in more esteem. According to Papazoglu, the street and area around his Bucharest home, near present-day's
1134:
Năsturel's last known published work was another preface for a sermon anthology, which came out in 1649. It is addressed to the monks of
3346:
1931:
1245:
482:Șerban, Cazan, and Udriște also had two sisters. One was the future Stanca Popescu. The other, known to have been Udriște's junior, was
290:
995:
3366:
340:, identified Năsturel as one of the boyars standing in the way of his political projects and included him in his murderous purge. The
911:
finds the translation to be both loose and "flawless", rewritten with an "amazing clarity" despite the weight of its subject matter.
3271:
3221:
3146:
3077:
3027:
3013:
1939:
2382:
3361:
3356:
3236:
3206:
3196:
3136:
866:
681:
632:
After Matei secured his throne in 1633, Elena turned to cultural endeavors, one of the principal sponsors and promoters of early
378:
262:
219:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3251:
3141:
3381:
3166:
791:. Varlaam Moțoc reports that he collected Calvinist propaganda to document the spread of its "poison, which kills the soul".
242:
823:. As argued by Theodorescu, Năsturel's interest in Thomas à Kempis unwittingly linked him with the ideology of the Catholic
3311:
3291:
3276:
3226:
2880:
877:
into that language was "pointless", an exercise in "pretentious erudition". All of Năsturel's Slavonic poetry, including "
1202:
There followed new uprisings against the perceived usurper Constantin Șerban. Among his opponents was Năsturel's cousin,
3296:
3191:
1228:, strangled, and thrown out the window into the street below; their bodies were trampled upon by the princely infantry.
657:
1106:
of Târgului Church in Târgoviște. The former building was partly designed by a Mamant Barbulov, possibly a naturalized
744:
3396:
3331:
3211:
3181:
3171:
1453:
1426:
182:
2661:
1518:
815:
also discusses Năsturel as one of the Catholic-leaning boyars at Matei Basarab's court, placing him in relation with
3006:
Istoria fondării orașului București. Istoria începutului orașului București. Călăuza sau conducătorul Bucureștiului
1422:
1293:
1236:
argues that the boyars were indeed strangled, but individually, as they left the staged feast to go out for walks (
1217:
537:
528:
By 1618, Udriște had joined the Wallachian bureaucracy, being attested, alongside his brother Șerban, as a scribe (
487:
2452:
Petronel Zahariuc, "Actul de întemeiere al Colegiului lui Vasile Lupu de la mănăstirea Trei Ierarhi din Iași", in
1492:
Constantinescu, pp. XXI, 4, 123, 165; Nicolescu, p. 35. See also Călinescu, p. 9; Gane, p. 238; Theodorescu, p. 44
1297:
486:. According to Gane, she and Udriște were the most educated of Radu's children, being taught to read and write in
3391:
3316:
3231:
3131:
1383:
1289:
1260:
689:
353:
914:
3161:
1414:
was often assumed to be a relative of the Năsturels, but in fact had no known genealogical connection to them.
1407:
929:
708:
695:
In 1635, Năsturel published a Slavonic ode to the Basarab family, included in the standardized prayer book, or
2492:
Cazacu, pp. 71–72; Filipescu, p. 145; Rezachevici, pp. 102, 103; Stoicescu, p. 215; Theodorescu, pp. 29, 44–45
854:
of Church Slavonic. The final edition, put out at Dealu, was decorated with the Năsturels' coat of arms. Its
3216:
2971:
1465:
1438:
1395:
1085:
1011:
954:
724:
504:
307:
280:
258:
3051:
3103:
Zoltán Tóth, "A román nemzettudat kialakulása a moldvai és havasaljai krónikairodalomban (1642—1723)", in
1241:
1037:
as evidence that Matei Basarab's Wallachia, as part of its "second Renaissance", had something resembling
962:
946:
757:
495:
3069:
2773:
2742:
2308:
2211:
1317:, who sided with the Băleanu family in their conflict with Brâncoveanu, and is credited as author of the
1144:
3126:
3121:
3001:
1379:
1148:
1107:
402:
214:
by Matei Basarab. In office, he had international correspondence and went on diplomatic travels through
3090:
3082:
1352:
1341:
1203:
820:
812:
763:
545:
333:
2848:
2299:
1434:
669:
1923:
1433:. In parallel, Udriște Năsturel's work was being reviewed by a new generation of scholars, including
1356:
1322:
1167:
1058:
1038:
1030:
974:
899:
799:
740:
573:
476:
323:
276:
267:
142:
253:, which remained influential for two centuries and was, by some accounts, the first known poem by a
2991:
2963:
2930:
2895:
Moșieri teleormăneni (1864–1949). Mărire și decădere (Publicațiile Muzeului Județean Teleorman, VI)
2854:
1175:
907:", without a viable representation in the spoken language, but nonetheless a landmark text. Critic
889:
Historian Zoltán Tóth argues that Năsturel's work, alongside those of Moldavians Varlaam Moțoc and
835:
803:
795:
732:
728:
673:
633:
294:
246:
2202:
1329:
to involve Wallachia and Moldavia. In its wake, a number of Wallachian boyars chose emigration to
1314:
908:
2840:
1391:
1326:
1264:
1139:
768:
544:. Returning to Bucharest, he maintained this function under successive reigns, including that of
1192:
950:
499:
2162:
Berza, pp. 9, 121; Călinescu, pp. 45–46; Gane, p. 239; Nicolescu, pp. 37, 38; Stanciu Istrate,
1110:, who may have added the Oriental brickwork to the nearby palace. Năsturel is also listed as a
405:, also argued that the family had a deep connection to the village, and later capital city, of
3094:
3073:
3055:
3023:
3009:
2975:
2934:
2916:
2912:
2898:
2884:
2666:
1935:
1903:
1522:
1418:
1360:
1334:
1184:
1089:
999:
816:
712:
661:
625:
509:
483:
428:
382:
322:. His sister died in 1653, and his brother-in-law a year later. Năsturel survived the rise of
302:
189:
2799:
Marina Sabados, "In memoriam. Le professeur Petre Ș. Năsturel et l'art médiéval roumain", in
610:
1387:
1368:
1196:
1152:
1122:
1097:
855:
685:
517:
398:
374:
991:
897:
also used Romanian in translation work, known to include an acclaimed version of the novel
197:
3039:
Maria Stanciu Istrate, "Un umanist român în căutarea literarității: Udriște Năsturel", in
2943:
2862:
2833:
2814:
2560:
1899:
1891:
1868:
1330:
1271:
1159:
846:
and describing his as a "good reign" of "great charity". He followed up with a version of
794:
Although he was an Orthodox, scholars such as Virgil Cândea link Năsturel mainly with the
780:
736:
645:
432:
2927:
Istoriile domnilor Țării-Românești cuprinzînd istoria munteană de la început până la 1688
649:
1394:, other figures continued to claim descent from the scholar, including another general,
2768:
2609:
1461:
1256:
1199:; its linguistic intricacies have long presented a challenge for Romanian translators.
1081:
958:
883:
843:
605:
577:
394:
215:
842:. It was a contribution to Matei's genealogical legend, insisting on his kinship with
494:, and being introduced to art and history. Their father also displayed an interest in
3115:
2953:
2474:
Rezachevici, p. 103; Stoicescu, p. 215; Tănăsescu, p. 184; Theodorescu, pp. 29, 44–45
1863:
1446:
1411:
1034:
873:
also argued that, given a context in which very few could read Slavonic, translating
870:
783:. With his activity in the field, he aimed especially at countering the influence of
621:
569:
557:
549:
185:
1456:, there was a revival of interest in Udriște Năsturel's work. A 2000 edition of his
919:
560:. Also that year, Năsturel published the first of his many Slavonic prefaces, for a
386:
223:
200:. Năsturel had risen through the ranks of the Wallachian bureaucracy and had served
48:
1285:
1225:
1127:
1050:
716:
677:
665:
593:
390:
349:
345:
112:
64:
52:
1364:
641:
541:
568:. According to historian George Potra, he was the official translator for Prince
86:
statesman, diplomat, book publisher, scribe, schoolteacher, translator, landowner
1442:
1280:
1135:
942:
776:
772:
533:
491:
370:
201:
132:
385:, confirms that, by 1501, the Năsturels were long established as the owners of
3087:
Civilizația românilor între medieval și modern. Orizontul imaginii (1550–1800)
1403:
1372:
1346:
1221:
1212:
720:
337:
328:
1468:
in 1990, but in 2013 was returned to the Stolojans. Later descendants of the
990:
Throughout most of his career, Năsturel probably resided in the old capital,
937:
also contributed the first Romanian version of Neagoe's political manual, or
540:, Năsturel followed, and, in 1625, was attested as a scribe for the court in
3048:
Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII
1474:
1178:, who carved the sarcophagus hosting Mateiaș's remains and the epitaph. The
1070:
1046:
979:
904:
851:
784:
561:
423:
417:
409:, suggesting that they were the builders of an ancient church in Dobroteasa
406:
298:
254:
210:
193:
178:
94:
68:
2737:
1158:
This period coincided with mounting political troubles, introduced after a
1041:. It had a "fairly large library", which reportedly contained the works of
953:
attributes him a second hagiographic translation, which tells the story of
617:
3098:
3059:
2920:
2888:
2357:
Nicolescu, p. 37; Papazoglu & Speteanu, pp. 36, 43, 229, 230, 252, 260
1907:
699:. These lyrics endure as the first Wallachian example of the genre called
271:. In his original works, his themes and his linguistic obscurities show a
2938:
1918:
Horst Fassel, "Valentin Franck V. Franckenstein și barocul românesc", in
1845:
Călinescu, pp. 9, 46; Papazoglu & Speteanu, p. 323; Tănăsescu, p. 183
1062:
890:
513:
205:
2091:
Cernovodeanu, pp. 394–395; Nicolescu, pp. 35, 37, 38; Theodorescu, p. 45
1220:. Various chronicles note that Năsturel was murdered upon the advent of
447:". Năsturel, like other scholars, mistakenly believed that it was from "
439:
in some sources, may have been the daughter of boyar Radu Calomfirescu.
1188:
1171:
878:
824:
707:) poetry. This became an incidental record for heraldists studying the
599:
452:
381:
in the late 15th century. A period document by "Vlad Vodă", brother of
319:
272:
146:
124:
120:
2206:
1313:
Through his sister and the Popescu family, Udriște was an ancestor of
1092:. Paul was also perplexed that the monument was built so close to the
1306:
1102:
1093:
1074:
1066:
839:
787:, publishing in 1642, and again in 1644, a propaganda booklet called
767:. The latter text abounds in references to classical lawmakers, from
700:
444:
411:
285:
250:
116:
2688:
Chefani-Pătrașcu, pp. 40–41, 44, 108, 136–137, 207–208, 219–220, 233
2303:
1410:, a pioneer in the field, in the 1860s. Also active in that period,
352:. His direct line of descent was maintained until the 1874 death of
1928:
Credință și speranță. Pagini de publicistică radiofonică: 1943–2004
1445:
campaign. Images of Herăști were chosen for a stamp, issued by the
961:
also credit Năsturel as the translator of a Russian account of the
3022:, Vol. I. Bucharest: Editura științifică și enciclopedică, 1990.
1054:
1042:
719:. The detail may also indicate his familiarity with legends about
584:
448:
128:
3152:
17th-century military personnel of the Principality of Wallachia
3008:. Bucharest: Fundația Culturală Gheorghe Marin Speteanu, 2000.
565:
2251:
Gane, pp. 239–240; Nicolescu, p. 35; Theodorescu, pp. 38–41, 44
1515:
Vechile blazoane vorbesc. Obiecte armoriate din colecții ieșene
1344:. His literary adaptation, the blason, remained a standard and
597:
Matei, later styled "Matei Basarab", who controlled an army of
583:
From 1625, Năsturel had been married to Maria Corbeanu, of the
305:
and classical scholarship, putting out a Slavonic rendition of
2986:
Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review
1441:, it was restored, but then swiftly demolished as part of the
1187:. As noted by historian Petronel Zahariuc, during his stay in
1501:
Gane, p. 235; Papazoglu & Speteanu, pp. XIV, 43, 225, 252
1375:
and lands providing for the upkeep of Sfânta Vineri Herasca.
608:. Udriște's father, Radu, served as the country's treasurer (
3064:
Manuela Tănăsescu, "Năsturel Udriște", in Aurel Sasu (ed.),
2960:, Vol. XXII, Issue 59, January–March 1929, pp. 113–115.
2465:
Stoicescu, pp. 196–197, 215. See also Filipescu, pp. 133–138
1006:(1648/9, 1652, 1655). Târgoviște hosted his own lyceum, the
245:, the courtly language. He was one of its last exponents in
192:. Together, the three staged a cultural revival centered on
2558:
Nicolescu, p. 35; Ștefan Trâmbaciu, "Câmpulung Muscel", in
2260:
Gane, p. 240; Stoicescu, p. 215; Theodorescu, pp. 38–41, 44
234:, where he built a palace that stands as a late example of
218:, also overseeing the printing presses. He was the titular
78:
Ioriste Năsturel, Oreste Năsturel, Uriil (or Uril) Năsturel
1549:
Papazoglu & Speteanu, pp. 11–13, 43, 226, 229–230, 252
1304:
Constantin III Cantacuzino, and then Prince Brâncoveanu's
297:
ideas, and published Catholic-inspired propaganda against
2868:
Matei Cazacu, "Ospețe cu veselie sau... însângerate", in
1866:, "A fost Radu Negru un personaj real sau legendar?", in
2859:
Istoria literaturii române de la origini pînă în prezent
2483:
Filipescu, p. 145; Nicolescu, p. 36; Rezachevici, p. 103
1449:
on Năsturel's 352nd commemoration, marked in late 1983.
2994:, "Începuturile istoriografiei în Țara Romînească", in
2831:Ștefan Andreescu, "Mai mare n-a fost nici un domn", in
2407:
Gane, pp. 241–244. See also Filipescu, pp. 124–129, 132
1962:
Călinescu, p. 11; Theodorescu, p. 33; Tóth, pp. 301–302
520:, but this is not attested by any contemporary source.
377:, the Năsturel clan was first attested as belonging to
1726:
Nicolescu, p. 36; Stoicescu, p. 215; Tănăsescu, p. 183
443:
Udriște, is an archaic, now obscure, derivative from "
2984:
Costion Nicolescu, "Udriște Năsturel – Nobleman", in
2612:, "Российские дворяне молдавского происхождения", in
1949:
1947:
1084:, who claimed that no other such home existed in the
427:
Radu Năsturel, married Despina, a cousin or niece of
2801:
Revue Roumaine d'Histoire de l'Art. Série Beaux-Arts
2662:"Conacul Udriște Năsturel, pierdut pentru totdeauna"
2549:
Papazoglu & Speteanu, pp. 13, 229, 230, 231, 232
2099:
2097:
1814:
1812:
1713:
1711:
181:
scholar, poet, and statesman, the brother-in-law of
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1557:
1555:
1191:he may have helped draft the Slavonic writ whereby
1080:The Herăști building impressed a foreign traveler,
865:The latter preface is noted for its musings on the
275:streak, while his core ideology has been linked to
138:
108:
100:
90:
82:
74:
58:
42:
21:
2321:Gane, p. 236; Nicolescu, p. 37; Theodorescu, p. 61
2113:
2111:
2109:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
2812:Benoît Gain, "Petre Ș. Năsturel în scrisori", in
1770:Gane, p. 239; Nicolescu, p. 35; Stoicescu, p. 215
1608:Gane, p. 236; Nicolescu, p. 35; Stoicescu, p. 214
858:included a red tower, possibly borrowed from the
2755:Chefani-Pătrașcu, pp. 207–208, 220, 230, 232–233
2518:
2516:
2383:"25 de ani la demolarea Bisericii Sfânta Vineri"
1359:later sold the domain to a Romanian politician,
479:, as was the fashion among intellectual boyars.
332:, although he was cousins with the rebel leader
265:, in which he notably produced a translation of
2069:
2067:
2065:
2041:Tănăsescu, pp. 183–184; Theodorescu, pp. 15, 45
1643:
1641:
1263:, Udriște's last direct heir. 1870 portrait by
1162:: victorious but wounded, Prince Matei faced a
1536:
1534:
1284:on two separate occasions: 1674/5–1677, under
587:boyars. He was also brother-in-law of another
572:when, in early 1632, Bucharest was visited by
2679:Chefani-Pătrașcu, pp. 40–41, 219–220, 232–233
2653:
2651:
2649:
1922:, Vol. XXVIII, Issue 1, January 1977, p. 32;
1296:, contributing to the reestablishment of the
257:. Năsturel, who made mention of the people's
8:
3372:Politicians assassinated in the 17th century
1896:Corespondență cu umaniști batavi și flamanzi
1806:Gane, pp. 235–237. See also Nicolescu, p. 35
1386:(1796–1874), noted for his sponsorship of a
1363:. The Năsturels developed another property,
1321:. Brâncoveanu's age ended shortly after the
3105:A Magyar Történettudományi Intézet Évkönyve
3066:Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române
2845:Pentru o istorie a vechii culturi românești
2195:
2193:
731:, the blason has the first known rhymes in
692:, as well as with his sister the Princess.
2958:Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice
2948:Trecute vieți de doamne și domnițe. Vol. I
2443:Filipescu, pp. 129–132; Gane, pp. 243, 269
2374:
2372:
1509:
1507:
1014:, but also their commitment to Orthodoxy.
471:("button"); he sometimes used the variant
18:
3287:17th-century Eastern Orthodox theologians
3043:, Vol. LX, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 86–94.
498:; he had confiscated or bought a copy of
3352:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania
3282:Old Church Slavonic–Romanian translators
2956:, "Mormântul lui Udriște Năsturel?", in
2715:Nicolescu, pp. 38, 39; Tănăsescu, p. 184
2573:Nicolescu, p. 35; Stoicescu, pp. 215–216
2175:Nicolescu, p. 38; Stanciu Istrate, p. 88
1325:of 1711, which was the first of several
1292:. He was attested as a protector of the
1255:
1121:
994:, leaving on diplomatic missions to the
913:
616:
369:Despite its claim to have originated in
1665:Nicolescu, pp. 35–36; Tănăsescu, p. 183
1570:Gane, p. 235. See also Nicolescu, p. 35
1485:
318:to write his last poem, a conventional
16:Wallachian scholar, poet, and statesman
3068:, Vol. II, pp. 183–184. Pitești:
2304:"O carte în dezbatere: Artă medievală"
977:, and only held the rank of Bucharest
241:Năsturel was primarily an advocate of
2634:Papazoglu & Speteanu, pp. 13, 230
2602:Profiluri de ieri și de azi. Articole
2591:Panaitescu, p. 242; Stoicescu, p. 231
7:
3034:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie
3004:(contributor: Viorel Gh. Speteanu),
2996:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie
2881:Editura științifică și enciclopedică
2877:Știința și arta heraldică în România
2454:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie
1890:Corneliu Albu, "Cuvînt înainte", in
1656:Nicolescu, p. 35; Theodorescu, p. 45
680:. He also had oratorical duels with
3302:Catholic–Eastern Orthodox ecumenism
2769:"Repede ochire asupra 'celorlalți'"
2339:Nicolescu, p. 37; Stoicescu, p. 215
2233:Nicolescu, p. 38; Tănăsescu, p. 184
1932:Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company
1836:Nicolescu, p. 36; Tănăsescu, p. 183
1246:National Museum of Romanian History
1088:, and nowhere in Europe except the
1002:(1638), then more regularly to the
326:, being for a while reappointed as
293:, he was nevertheless attracted to
3036:, Vol. XIV, 1996, pp. 85–117.
2738:"Genealogii: Despre N. I. Herescu"
1244:. A defaced tombstone kept at the
1166:rebellion stoked by the pretender
467:. His family name originates with
238:, and earned him a regional fame.
14:
3387:Assassinated Romanian politicians
3247:Romanian book publishers (people)
2998:, Vol. V, 1962, pp. 195–255.
1464:. Herăști became property of the
867:origin of the Romanian vernacular
745:Valentin Franck von Franckenstein
177:(1596 or 1598 – ca. 1658), was a
3242:17th-century publishers (people)
3157:17th-century Romanian historians
2988:, Vol. 12, 2007, pp. 35–40.
2950:. Bucharest: Luceafărul S. A., .
2925:Constantin Căpitanul Filipescu,
2897:. Bucharest: Renaissance, 2011.
2837:, December 1969, pp. 26–32.
2777:, Issue 16/1999; Negrici, p. 185
2366:Papazoglu & Speteanu, p. 295
1096:, in an exposed location on the
455:", sometimes signing himself as
31:
3377:Assassinated military personnel
3267:Baroque architecture in Romania
2456:, Vol. XXVII, 2009, pp. 250–251
2050:Berza, p. 9; Theodorescu, p. 15
1617:Constantinescu, pp. 4, 123, 165
1204:Hrizea (or Hrizică) of Bogdănei
735:, although the part-Wallachian
536:. When the latter took over as
3342:Romanian educational theorists
3202:Old Church Slavonic literature
2872:, August 2020, pp. 71–75.
2803:, Vol. XLIX, 2012, pp. 181–184
1300:. His daughter Marica married
1033:. Herăști was held by scholar
996:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
827:, which was also based on the
301:. Năsturel was versed in both
1:
3307:People in Christian ecumenism
3187:17th-century Wallachian poets
1626:Constantinescu, pp. XXI, LIII
1378:Udriște's descendants in the
1288:, and 1679/80–1687/88, under
1012:Latin origin of the Romanians
676:, with whom he discussed the
373:and its alleged links to the
37:Coat of arms used by Năsturel
3262:Romanian patrons of the arts
3257:17th-century philanthropists
2909:Dicționar onomastic romînesc
2786:"Accente. Alternativă?", in
2608:, Vol. XXXIV, 2015, p. 121;
2582:Stoicescu, pp. 117, 143, 216
1398:, who republished Udriște's
1130:, site of Năsturel's killing
1004:Principality of Transylvania
3177:Romanian classical scholars
2968:Iluziile literaturii române
2724:Cernovodeanu, pp. 25–28, 32
2697:Gane, p. 235; Potra, p. 320
1454:Romanian Revolution of 1989
1384:Constantin Năsturel-Herescu
1261:Constantin Năsturel-Herescu
819:, who wanted to bridge the
711:, describing the bird as a
354:Constantin Năsturel-Herescu
3413:
3347:People from Giurgiu County
2893:Steluța Chefani-Pătrașcu,
2625:Theodorescu, pp. 42, 46–47
2348:Theodorescu, pp. 43, 52–53
2135:Theodorescu, pp. 45–46, 58
1218:Wallachian military forces
1118:Downfall and assassination
798:and a religious subset of
715:rather than as a standard
614:) during the same hiatus.
512:, while fighting a war in
431:. According to researcher
3367:Kidnapped Romanian people
3107:, 1942, pp. 277–326.
2531:Rezachevici, pp. 102, 103
1599:Theodorescu, p. 43, p. 45
1417:During the late 1940s, a
1234:Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc
930:Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc
709:coat of arms of Wallachia
532:) to the court of Prince
401:. A 19th-century author,
30:
3272:17th-century translators
3222:17th-century biographers
3147:17th-century politicians
1408:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
1027:Renaissance architecture
236:Renaissance architecture
3362:Deaths by strangulation
3357:Wallachian slave owners
3237:Christian hagiographers
3207:Romanian-language poets
3197:Romanian epigrammatists
3137:Logothetes of Wallachia
2736:Mihai Sorin Rădulescu,
2600:Gheorghe G. Bezviconi,
1854:Cernovodeanu, pp. 48–49
1705:Stoicescu, pp. 214, 215
1466:Romanian Peasant Museum
1431:Romanian Village Museum
1357:Serbian princely family
1086:Danubian Principalities
1008:Schola Graeca et Latina
875:The Imitation of Christ
848:The Imitation of Christ
834:According to historian
505:The Imitation of Christ
484:Elena (Eliana) Năsturel
308:The Imitation of Christ
3337:17th-century educators
3327:17th-century diplomats
3322:Romanian legal writers
3252:Romanian propagandists
3142:Spatharii of Wallachia
3089:, Vol. II. Bucharest:
3020:Din Bucureștii de ieri
2907:N. A. Constantinescu,
2790:, Issue 12/1983, p. 55
2564:, November 2007, p. 77
2434:Theodorescu, pp. 38–41
2425:Theodorescu, pp. 39–41
2398:Gane, pp. 212, 239–241
2330:Theodorescu, pp. 61–62
2287:Theodorescu, pp. 42–43
2082:Stanciu Istrate, p. 86
2059:Tănăsescu, pp. 183–184
2014:Theodorescu, pp. 36–37
2005:Theodorescu, pp. 33–37
1779:Stoicescu, pp. 229–230
1396:Petre Vasiliu-Năsturel
1310:, Grigorașcu Băleanu.
1290:Constantin Brâncoveanu
1267:
1131:
963:fall of Constantinople
955:Great Martyr Catherine
947:Niphon of Kafsokalyvia
923:
806:, who argues that the
682:Constantin Cantacuzino
629:
628:in a period manuscript
496:Renaissance literature
226:, known in his day as
3382:Assassinated nobility
3167:Renaissance humanists
3052:Editura enciclopedică
2616:, Issue 3/2006, p. 44
2269:Nicolescu, pp. 37, 38
1517:, pp. 191–192. Iași:
1439:March 1977 earthquake
1380:United Principalities
1259:
1125:
917:
620:
291:Wallachian Metropolis
62:ca. 1658 (aged 59–63)
3312:17th-century jurists
3292:Romanian theologians
3277:Romanian translators
3227:Romanian biographers
3041:Revista Limba Română
2643:Cernovodeanu, p. 174
1996:Negrici, pp. 185–186
1930:, p. 34. Bucharest:
1788:Andreescu, pp. 27–28
1696:Nicolescu, pp. 35–36
1458:Barlaam and Josaphat
1400:Barlaam and Josaphat
1323:Pruth River Campaign
1242:Alexandru Ciorănescu
1039:Baroque architecture
985:Barlaam and Josaphat
900:Barlaam and Josaphat
800:Renaissance humanism
758:Pravila de la Govora
725:founder of Wallachia
435:, Despina, known as
277:Renaissance humanism
268:Barlaam and Josaphat
143:Renaissance humanism
3297:Counter-Reformation
3192:Romanian male poets
3070:Editura Paralela 45
2992:Petre P. Panaitescu
2818:, March 2013, p. 21
2207:"Legendă și adevăr"
2166:; Tănăsescu, p. 184
1898:, p. X. Bucharest:
836:Petre P. Panaitescu
796:Counter-Reformation
789:The Learning Gospel
733:Romanian literature
672:; and the Catholic
634:Romanian literature
564:edition printed at
295:Counter-Reformation
263:Romanian vernacular
247:Romanian literature
243:Old Church Slavonic
188:through his sister
3397:Romanian educators
3332:Romanian diplomats
3212:Romanian essayists
3182:Wallachian scribes
3172:Romanian humanists
3083:Răzvan Theodorescu
3002:Dimitrie Papazoglu
2875:Dan Cernovodeanu,
2606:Cercetări Istorice
2278:Theodorescu, p. 32
2224:Panaitescu, p. 216
2144:Theodorescu, p. 62
2126:Theodorescu, p. 58
2032:Theodorescu, p. 45
2023:Theodorescu, p. 34
1953:Theodorescu, p. 46
1635:Panaitescu, p. 242
1392:Kingdom of Romania
1342:Brâncovenesc style
1327:Russo-Turkish Wars
1294:Catholic community
1274:, became known as
1268:
1265:Nicolae Grigorescu
1210:and was an acting
1195:reestablished the
1149:Istratie Leurdeanu
1132:
924:
918:Năsturel manor in
860:Transylvanian arms
813:Răzvan Theodorescu
769:Lycurgus of Sparta
630:
576:, diplomat of the
546:Alexandru IV Iliaș
538:Prince of Moldavia
403:Dimitrie Papazoglu
389:(traditionally in
157:, first name also
3091:Editura Meridiane
2980:978-973-23-1974-1
2972:Cartea Românească
2913:Editura Academiei
2903:978-606-637-009-7
2667:Evenimentul Zilei
2501:Filipescu, p. 145
2184:Stanciu Istrate,
2153:Tóth, pp. 323–324
2103:Tănăsescu, p. 184
1872:, May 1969, p. 51
1827:Gane, pp. 236–239
1818:Stoicescu, p. 214
1717:Stoicescu, p. 215
1561:Tănăsescu, p. 183
1527:978-606-8547-02-2
1382:included General
1371:, which housed a
1361:Anastase Stolojan
1335:Mikhail Kheraskov
1319:Băleanu Chronicle
1298:Bucharest Bărăția
1185:Cossack Hetmanate
1168:Constantin Șerban
1160:war with Moldavia
1151:, and finally on
1090:Kingdom of France
1059:Diogenes Laërtius
1031:Oriental elements
1000:Habsburg monarchy
922:, 2011 photograph
817:Paisios Ligarides
764:Îndreptarea Legii
429:Michael the Brave
344:was strangled at
324:Constantin Șerban
303:Renaissance Latin
283:theologian and a
204:'s government in
173:, last name also
152:
151:
139:Literary movement
3404:
3392:Executed writers
3317:Romanian jurists
3232:Male biographers
3132:House of Basarab
2855:George Călinescu
2849:Editura Eminescu
2819:
2810:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2784:
2778:
2774:România Literară
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2743:România Literară
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2706:Nicolescu, p. 39
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2670:, April 28, 2015
2659:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2309:România Literară
2300:Barbu Cioculescu
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2212:România Literară
2201:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2104:
2101:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1978:Nicolescu, p. 38
1976:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1942:
1916:
1910:
1888:
1882:
1881:Călinescu, p. 46
1879:
1873:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1752:Nicolescu, p. 37
1750:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1687:Nicolescu, p. 36
1685:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1590:Nicolescu, p. 35
1588:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1529:
1519:Palatul Culturii
1511:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1435:Dan Horia Mazilu
1419:communist regime
1388:Romanian Academy
1369:Teleorman County
1197:Vasilian College
1153:Diicul Buicescul
1145:Nicolae Pătrașcu
1098:Wallachian Plain
1023:
751:Main work period
729:George Călinescu
674:Rafael Levaković
670:Meletios Sirigos
552:promoted him to
518:Kiev Voivodeship
399:House of Basarab
375:Fogoras nobility
336:. A new Prince,
281:Eastern Orthodox
261:, also used the
208:, being kept as
155:Udriște Năsturel
35:
23:Udriște Năsturel
19:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3162:Baroque writers
3112:
3111:
3110:
2944:Constantin Gane
2870:Magazin Istoric
2863:Editura Minerva
2834:Magazin Istoric
2827:
2822:
2815:Magazin Istoric
2811:
2807:
2798:
2794:
2785:
2781:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:, Issue 46/2008
2733:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2660:Carmen Anghel,
2657:
2656:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2561:Magazin Istoric
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2381:Maria Apostol,
2378:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:, Issue 26/1999
2296:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:, Issue 10/2002
2199:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:Negrici, p. 185
2116:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:Negrici, p. 186
1986:
1982:
1977:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1924:Gabriel Țepelea
1917:
1913:
1900:Editura Minerva
1892:Nicolaus Olahus
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1869:Magazin Istoric
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1353:Miloš Obrenović
1331:Imperial Russia
1272:Calea Victoriei
1254:
1193:Gheorghe Ștefan
1126:The remains of
1120:
1021:
971:
951:Sextil Pușcariu
753:
737:Nicolaus Olahus
727:. According to
684:, with bishops
646:Dealu Monastery
574:Paul Strassburg
526:
500:Thomas à Kempis
488:Church Slavonic
451:" and akin to "
433:Constantin Gane
367:
362:
145:
63:
47:
38:
26:
25:(Năsturelovici)
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3410:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3217:Male essayists
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3080:
3062:
3046:N. Stoicescu,
3044:
3037:
3030:
3018:George Potra,
3016:
2999:
2989:
2982:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2923:
2905:
2891:
2873:
2866:
2852:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2805:
2792:
2779:
2767:Dan Croitoru,
2757:
2748:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2610:Evgeny Pchelov
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2189:
2177:
2168:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2105:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1911:
1883:
1874:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1728:
1719:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1572:
1563:
1551:
1542:
1530:
1513:Sorin Iftimi,
1503:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1462:Gautama Buddha
1452:Following the
1253:
1250:
1119:
1116:
1082:Paul of Aleppo
970:
969:Peak influence
967:
959:Boris Unbegaun
949:. Philologist
884:Grigore Ureche
844:Neagoe Basarab
752:
749:
626:Elena Năsturel
606:Ottoman Empire
578:Swedish Empire
525:
522:
383:Radu the Great
366:
363:
361:
358:
216:Central Europe
190:Elena Năsturel
150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
60:
56:
55:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3409:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:973-697-758-7
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3050:. Bucharest:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:973-29-0018-0
3025:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:973-97633-5-9
3011:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2970:. Bucharest:
2969:
2965:
2964:Eugen Negrici
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:Nicolae Iorga
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:. Bucharest:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2911:. Bucharest:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:. Bucharest:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2861:. Bucharest:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:. Bucharest:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:(in Romanian)
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:(in Romanian)
2730:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:(in Romanian)
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2540:Iorga, p. 114
2537:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2522:Cazacu, p. 71
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:Cazacu, p. 72
2507:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:(in Romanian)
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:(in Romanian)
2293:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2242:Iorga, p. 115
2239:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:(in Romanian)
2196:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1940:973-7902-46-7
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1864:Pavel Chihaia
1860:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1761:Potra, p. 101
1758:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1723:
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1564:
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1537:
1535:
1531:
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1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
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1489:
1486:
1480:
1478:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1447:Romanian Post
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:collectivized
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1412:N. I. Herescu
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
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1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
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1303:
1299:
1295:
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1277:
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1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1176:Elias Nicolai
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
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1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1049:, as well as
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Pavel Chihaia
1032:
1028:
1020:
1017:By 1645, the
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
982:
981:
976:
975:Boyar Council
968:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:
921:
916:
912:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
887:
885:
880:
876:
872:
871:Nicolae Iorga
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
805:
804:Eugen Negrici
801:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:
760:
759:
750:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
687:
686:Varlaam Moțoc
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:Macarios Zaim
659:
658:Gavrilo Rajić
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
636:. Udriște, a
635:
627:
623:
622:Matei Basarab
619:
615:
613:
612:
607:
602:
601:
596:
595:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:privy council
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
477:Slavic suffix
474:
473:Năsturelovici
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
419:
414:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
309:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:Matei Basarab
184:
180:
176:
175:Năsturelovici
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
61:
57:
54:
50:
45:
41:
34:
29:
20:
3127:1650s deaths
3122:1590s births
3104:
3086:
3065:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3019:
3005:
2995:
2985:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2931:I. V. Socecu
2926:
2908:
2894:
2876:
2869:
2858:
2844:
2832:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2788:Transilvania
2787:
2782:
2772:
2760:
2751:
2741:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2665:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2416:Gane, p. 243
2412:
2403:
2394:
2386:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2307:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2210:
2203:Marius Chivu
2185:
2180:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2087:
2078:
2073:Gane, p. 239
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1958:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1867:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1722:
1701:
1692:
1661:
1652:
1647:Gane, p. 236
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1566:
1545:
1540:Gane, p. 235
1514:
1497:
1488:
1469:
1457:
1451:
1416:
1399:
1377:
1345:
1339:
1318:
1315:Radu Popescu
1312:
1305:
1301:
1286:George Ducas
1279:
1275:
1269:
1238:la primblare
1237:
1233:
1230:
1226:Curtea Veche
1211:
1207:
1201:
1179:
1163:
1157:
1133:
1128:Curtea Veche
1111:
1101:
1079:
1051:Aristophanes
1018:
1016:
1007:
989:
984:
978:
972:
957:. Iorga and
938:
934:
928:
925:
909:Marius Chivu
898:
894:
888:
874:
864:
847:
833:
828:
821:Great Schism
807:
793:
788:
781:Leo the Wise
762:
756:
754:
717:golden eagle
704:
696:
694:
678:Nicene Creed
666:Peter Mogila
653:
650:Băile Govora
637:
631:
609:
598:
592:
588:
582:
553:
529:
527:
503:
481:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
441:
436:
422:
416:
410:
391:Ilfov County
368:
350:George Ducas
346:Curtea Veche
341:
327:
315:
313:
306:
284:
266:
259:Latin origin
240:
231:
227:
209:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:
113:lyric poetry
65:Curtea Veche
53:Ilfov County
46:1596 or 1598
2841:Mihai Berza
2389:, June 2012
1423:confiscated
1421:in Romania
1136:Mount Athos
943:hagiography
777:Justinian I
773:Hippocrates
548:. In 1629,
534:Radu Mihnea
492:Koine Greek
371:Roman Dacia
289:within the
202:Radu Mihnea
133:hagiography
91:Nationality
3116:Categories
2825:References
1404:Ioan Bianu
1373:model farm
1347:forme fixe
1222:Mihnea III
1213:Spatharios
1147:, then on
992:Târgoviște
721:Radu Negru
697:Molitvenic
570:Radu Iliaș
550:Leon Tomșa
342:Spatharios
338:Mihnea III
329:Spatharios
198:Târgoviște
179:Wallachian
95:Wallachian
83:Occupation
3099:159900650
3093:, 1987.
3060:822954574
3054:, 1971.
2974:, 2008.
2933:, 1902.
2921:895133413
2889:469825245
1934:, 2006.
1908:434074699
1902:, 1974.
1521:, 2014.
1475:ecumenism
1470:Logothete
1365:Năsturelu
1302:Logothete
1208:Logothete
1180:Logothete
1108:Bulgarian
1071:Suetonius
1047:Aristotle
1019:Logothete
980:ispravnic
939:Teachings
935:Logothete
905:mannerist
895:Logothete
852:recension
829:Imitation
808:Logothete
785:Calvinism
654:Logothete
642:Câmpulung
638:Logethete
589:Logothete
562:Nomocanon
554:Logothete
508:, in the
475:, with a
424:Logothete
418:Postelnic
407:Bucharest
393:, now in
360:Biography
316:Logothete
299:Calvinism
211:Logothete
194:Bucharest
104:1629–1654
69:Bucharest
3072:, 2004.
2939:38610972
2915:, 1963.
2883:, 1977.
2387:Historia
1443:Ceaușima
1355:, whose
1276:Udricani
1063:Epicurus
998:and the
941:, and a
891:Dosoftei
879:epigrams
705:la stemă
690:Ștefan I
514:Moldavia
379:boyardom
255:Romanian
232:Fierăști
228:Fierești
206:Moldavia
75:Pen name
2865:, 1986.
2851:, 1985.
1425:, then
1216:of the
1172:epitaph
1164:Seimeni
920:Herăști
840:sermons
825:Baroque
723:as the
611:Vistier
600:Seimeni
556:of his
469:nasture
465:Ioriste
457:Uri(i)l
453:Orestes
395:Giurgiu
387:Herăști
365:Origins
320:epitaph
273:Baroque
224:Herăști
167:Ioriste
147:Baroque
125:epitaph
121:epigram
49:Herăști
3097:
3076:
3058:
3026:
3012:
2978:
2937:
2919:
2901:
2887:
2186:passim
2164:passim
1938:
1920:Steaua
1906:
1525:
1307:Sluger
1252:Legacy
1140:slaves
1112:ktitor
1103:ktitor
1094:Danube
1075:Lucian
1073:, and
1067:Strabo
701:blason
668:, and
648:, and
542:Hârlău
445:Adrian
412:mahala
334:Hrizea
286:ktitor
251:blason
183:Prince
171:Oreste
117:blason
101:Period
2771:, in
2740:, in
2664:, in
2614:Rusyn
2385:, in
2306:, in
2209:, in
1481:Notes
1055:Homer
1043:Plato
1029:with
1022:'
856:crest
741:Saxon
713:raven
652:. As
585:Corbi
524:Debut
510:Latin
463:, or
461:Orest
449:Uriel
279:. An
220:boyar
169:, or
159:Uriil
129:essay
109:Genre
3095:OCLC
3074:ISBN
3056:OCLC
3024:ISBN
3010:ISBN
2976:ISBN
2935:OCLC
2917:OCLC
2899:ISBN
2885:OCLC
1936:ISBN
1904:OCLC
1523:ISBN
1189:Iași
1045:and
779:and
771:and
688:and
624:and
566:Kiev
530:diac
490:and
437:Cala
421:and
230:and
196:and
163:Uril
59:Died
43:Born
1402:in
1367:in
1281:Ban
1155:.
945:of
775:to
594:Aga
222:of
3118::
3085:,
2966:,
2946:,
2857:,
2843:,
2648:^
2515:^
2371:^
2302:,
2205:,
2192:^
2108:^
2096:^
2064:^
1967:^
1946:^
1926:,
1894:,
1811:^
1731:^
1710:^
1670:^
1640:^
1575:^
1554:^
1533:^
1506:^
1477:.
1337:.
1077:.
1069:,
1065:,
1061:,
1057:,
1053:,
987:.
965:.
886:.
862:.
831:.
747:.
743:,
664:,
660:,
644:,
580:.
502:'
459:,
356:.
311:.
165:,
161:,
131:,
127:,
123:,
119:,
115:,
67:,
51:,
703:(
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