1845:, most of the Soviet republics adopted declarations of independence, the most important of which was that of Ukraine. By the end of September, eight republics had declared independence: Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Tajikistan and Armenia. These declarations of independence were largely symbolic and did not mean withdrawal from the union. Negotiations on the union continued for several months, but in the end, in the 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, more than 90 per cent of Ukrainians voted for independence. Almost all observers agreed that serious federal discussions were impossible without Ukraine's participation. On 6 December, shortly after Ukraine's independence referendum, the
221:
82:
37:
562:
116:
3401:
412:
2766:
1373:
138:
396:
1861:
often expressed his willingness to accept the independence of the Baltic states and
Georgia and Moldova, but wanted to preserve the Union. What deprived Yeltsin of this option was the surge of independence sentiment in Ukraine after the coup attempt. Following the successful independence referendum,
1893:
rejected the Soviet reforms of
Gorbachev and Yeltsin. This was a decisive factor in Ukraine's overwhelmingly positive vote. The Communist conservatives were allied with Ukrainian nationalists and the result of the Ukrainian referendum therefore led directly to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
307:
to confirm the Act of
Independence, which was adopted by the Parliament on 24 August 1991. Citizens of Ukraine expressed overwhelming support for independence. In the referendum, 31,891,742 registered voters (or 84.18% of the electorate) took part, and among them 28,804,071 (or 92.3%) voted
1885:
According to Peter J. Potichnyj, Yeltsin and
Gorbachev consistently sabotaged Ukraine's independence. However, because the referendum was conducted in an open and democratic manner, it convinced Russia and world leaders that the Soviet system was no longer viable or sustainable.
1443:. The six regions with the lowest percentage of "yes" votes were Kharkiv, Luhansk, Donetsk, and Odesa Oblasts, Crimea, and Sevastopol; all of those regions still had a majority of registered voters marking their ballots "yes", except for Crimea and Sevastopol.
2976:
359:
Ukraine was the second-most powerful republic in the Soviet Union both economically and politically (behind Russia), and its secession ended any realistic chance of
Gorbachev keeping the USSR together. By December 1991 all
2529:
1849:
adopted a new military oath pledging loyalty to
Ukraine. On 13 December, Leonid Kravchuk proclaimed himself Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and declared that the Ukrainian Armed Forces would be formed from
1873:
According to Adrian
Karatnycky, although Yeltsin thwarted the coup and brought down the Soviet Communist Party, it was Leonid Kravchuk and Ukraine that ultimately brought down the Soviet Union. Ukraine's rejection of
1862:
Yeltsin's only way to preserve the Soviet Union would have been to use massive force against
Ukraine. However, Yeltsin chose not to and instead recognised the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and joined the
319:
took place. In the month up to the presidential election, all six candidates campaigned across
Ukraine in favour of independence from the Soviet Union, and a "Yes" vote in the referendum.
3640:
3389:
1241:
1050:
2526:
3367:
3427:
4459:
3244:
3151:
622:
2408:
2118:
2083:
3678:
2175:
3522:
1354:
3467:
3382:
3356:
2754:
1410:
2846:
4692:
4382:
3555:
3489:
3261:
2732:
627:
365:
3448:
4083:
3256:
1890:
1297:
632:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4271:
3473:
3375:
3104:
1022:
954:
4727:
3417:
3239:
2541:
352:
sent to
Kravchuk soon after the referendum, Gorbachev included his hopes for close Ukrainian cooperation and understanding in "the formation of a
3507:
2211:
3766:
3703:
3496:
3266:
3223:
2906:
2851:
1292:
1264:
1259:
1004:
1000:
404:
335:
300:
289:
4479:
4291:
4266:
4168:
4113:
3437:
3432:
3422:
3203:
3193:
3144:
3094:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2514:
2490:
986:
981:
944:
895:
890:
885:
834:
4321:
1236:
1208:
1060:
4331:
3442:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2060:
865:
860:
855:
316:
3698:
1213:
2498:
2474:
2963:
1223:
1201:
1035:
785:
776:
373:
339:
226:
4336:
3160:
1191:
4697:
4163:
2036:
1231:
1044:
617:
4235:
4702:
4682:
3610:
3595:
2747:
2229:
2068:
2006:
1976:
1950:
1403:
877:
4387:
4357:
1161:
4656:
4341:
4215:
3615:
3478:
3137:
2783:
847:
713:
369:
1317:
1146:
4677:
4564:
4494:
4245:
4128:
4123:
3729:
3548:
3287:
3188:
3178:
1903:
1838:
1341:
1336:
1331:
790:
745:
384:
2707:
1186:
3693:
3183:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3029:
2549:
2456:
2428:
2393:
2362:
2330:
2298:
2270:
2199:
2138:
2103:
2044:
1913:
1908:
926:
921:
703:
324:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2721:
Referendum in Ukraine: how it is dangerous and why it is even needed (Š ŠµŃŠµŃŠµŠ½Š“ŃŠ¼ Š² Š£ŠŗŃŠ°ŠøŠ½Šµ: ŃŠµŠ¼ Š¾ŠæŠ°ŃŠµŠ½ Šø Š·Š°ŃŠµŠ¼ Š²Š¾Š¾Š±ŃŠµ Š½ŃŠ¶ŠµŠ½)
2720:
1171:
1156:
1111:
1106:
1096:
1081:
1076:
4574:
4367:
4173:
4158:
755:
718:
346:
4439:
3455:
2153:
2151:
A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ukraine
1196:
1181:
1176:
1166:
1141:
1116:
1101:
1086:
4484:
4449:
4397:
4210:
3512:
3198:
2740:
2116:
Russia's Revolution from Above, 1985ā2000: Reform, Transition, and Revolution in the Fall of the Soviet Communist Regime
1396:
1383:
1121:
974:
839:
723:
1151:
1136:
1126:
1091:
220:
4464:
4377:
4230:
4103:
3333:
2711:
2694:
2506:
1359:
1322:
1246:
1065:
3074:
3044:
3039:
3034:
4529:
4183:
4178:
3541:
3118:
2448:
2385:
2262:
1131:
4687:
4544:
3292:
2444:
2381:
1879:
1012:
806:
653:
353:
4559:
4509:
4148:
4138:
3907:
3668:
2482:
2095:
1842:
1467:
913:
810:
750:
81:
4005:
3829:
3129:
430:
campaign in September 1991; that grew to 77% in the first week of October 1991 and 88% by mid-November 1991.
4610:
4549:
4489:
4392:
4316:
4276:
4143:
4133:
3912:
3761:
3673:
3164:
2215:
2191:
2161:
1837:
Some experts claim that the 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum was the most immediate event that led to
1449:
1424:
582:
575:
303:?" The text of the Declaration was included as a preamble to the question. The referendum was called by the
4514:
4326:
3897:
3744:
3517:
3086:
2774:
2420:
2130:
1545:
1307:
1027:
936:
685:
4615:
4569:
4519:
4311:
4306:
4250:
3839:
3605:
2350:
2346:
2314:
1519:
1287:
665:
376:
3834:
2628:
2286:
2537:
4524:
4402:
4025:
4020:
3980:
3849:
3794:
3302:
2770:
2238:
2032:
2015:
1985:
827:
768:
738:
600:
328:
4469:
4444:
4240:
4225:
3955:
3824:
3771:
3564:
3351:
3208:
2644:
1918:
1851:
1766:
1584:
605:
552:
434:
36:
17:
2318:
2187:
561:
4412:
4301:
4296:
4286:
4281:
3346:
2672:
2664:
1753:
1017:
795:
670:
372:
had formally seceded from the Union. A week after his election, Kravchuk joined with Yeltsin and
361:
3804:
2564:
4590:
4220:
4108:
4065:
4060:
4010:
3945:
3814:
3799:
3580:
2545:
2510:
2495:
2486:
2471:
2452:
2440:
2424:
2405:
2389:
2377:
2358:
2343:
Turning Points ā Actual and Alternate Histories: The Reagan Era from the Iran Crisis to Kosovo
2342:
2326:
2294:
2282:
2266:
2254:
2195:
2134:
2115:
2099:
2080:
2064:
2056:
2040:
2028:
1946:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1610:
1506:
1423:
The Act of Independence was supported by a majority of participating voters in each of the 27
1312:
800:
707:
380:
349:
2310:
2172:
4539:
4407:
4040:
3892:
3749:
3630:
3312:
3213:
2258:
1727:
1649:
1493:
1440:
1302:
4605:
4595:
4454:
4362:
3683:
3658:
3635:
3317:
3307:
3271:
3251:
2680:
2533:
2502:
2478:
2416:
2412:
2322:
2233:
2183:
2179:
2157:
2122:
2087:
2010:
1980:
1779:
1714:
1480:
1436:
320:
3950:
2226:
2003:
1973:
4630:
4534:
4050:
4030:
3809:
3590:
2838:
2702:
2685:
2126:
2091:
1846:
1675:
1623:
1571:
1558:
1532:
1377:
692:
411:
304:
293:
4671:
4635:
4625:
4620:
4504:
4372:
4055:
4035:
4015:
3995:
3970:
3927:
3869:
3859:
3688:
2004:
Independence ā over 90% vote yes in referendum; Kravchuk elected president of Ukraine
1938:
1858:
990:
658:
342:
4118:
4499:
4045:
4000:
3734:
3625:
3600:
3400:
3297:
2690:
2647:", Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 21.2-3 (2013) 165.
2596:
1740:
1688:
1662:
1349:
2632:
4554:
4098:
3985:
3960:
3902:
3864:
3854:
3724:
1701:
1636:
1597:
2648:
4600:
4474:
4088:
3874:
3819:
3789:
3719:
2150:
1805:
1432:
395:
2568:
1427:
of Ukraine: 24 oblasts, 1 autonomous republic, and 2 special municipalities (
4640:
4434:
4153:
4093:
3975:
3585:
2290:
420:
2612:
288:
on 1 December 1991. An overwhelming majority of 92% of voters approved the
3990:
3965:
3922:
3756:
3739:
3663:
2726:
2597:
The Dissolution of the Soviet Union: A Case Study of Discontinuous Change
2580:
2354:
3917:
2765:
2600:
285:
3533:
3844:
400:
383:, which declared that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist. The USSR
2645:
Ukraineās Independence and Its Geostrategic Impact in Eastern Europe
2631:", Canadian Slavonic Papers, 33:2, (1991) 123~4, 127, 128~129, 132.
345:
recognized Ukraine as independent. In a telegram of congratulations
2616:
284:
A referendum on the Act of Declaration of Independence was held in
2584:
2581:
The reform of the Soviet system and the demise of the Soviet state
410:
394:
2173:
The Limited Partnership: Building a Russian-US Security Community
74:
Do you support the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine?
2971:
2689:(Mirror Weekly), 23 August ā 1 September 2001. Available online
2255:
Russia's New Politics: The Management of a Postcommunist Society
1792:
1428:
3537:
3371:
3133:
2736:
1841:. According to Brian D. Taylor, in the aftermath of the failed
3620:
336:
globally recognized by other countries as an independent state
327:
and de facto head of state, was elected to serve as the first
234:
3641:
Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe
2665:"Law of Ukraine N 1660-XII on organization of referendum"
2406:
The Return: Russia's Journey from Gorbachev to Medvedev
2565:
The Soviet Military and the Disintegration of the USSR
2706:(Mirror Weekly), 1ā7 December 2001. Available online
2629:
The Referendum and Presidential Elections in Ukraine
2441:
Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith
2378:
Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith
2081:
Russia, Ukraine, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union
2057:
Canadian Yearbook of International Law, Vol 30, 1992
4649:
4583:
4425:
4350:
4259:
4201:
4192:
4074:
3936:
3883:
3780:
3712:
3649:
3571:
3326:
3280:
3232:
3171:
3085:
2962:
2837:
2782:
1882:led to the immediate collapse of the Soviet Union.
91:
2673:"Law of Ukraine N 1661-XII on text for referendum"
2567:." Journal of Cold War Studies 5.1 (2003) 56-58.
2559:
2557:
2599:, Journal of Cold War Studies, 24 (1):206, 214.
3679:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
2700:"Confide in people," Dr. Stanislav Kulchytsky,
2496:Ukraine and Russia: Representations of the Past
2467:
2465:
2311:Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation
4460:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
2633:https://doi.org/10.1080/00085006.1991.11091956
2029:Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition
3549:
3383:
3357:List of sovereign states by date of formation
3145:
2748:
1404:
403:used in the referendum, with the text of the
301:Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
8:
3405:Independence referendums in the Soviet Union
2649:https://doi.org/10.1080/0965156X.2013.841797
2283:Citizens in the Making in Post-Soviet States
2250:
2248:
1999:
1997:
1995:
29:
3262:Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine
3240:Universals of the Ukrainian Central Council
86:The result of the referendum in a bulletin.
4198:
3556:
3542:
3534:
3390:
3376:
3368:
3152:
3138:
3130:
2755:
2741:
2733:
2569:https://doi.org/10.1162/152039703320996713
2373:
2371:
1445:
1411:
1397:
547:
439:
334:From 2 December 1991 onwards, Ukraine was
3257:Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state
97:
4084:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
2615:", Foreign Affairs, 71.3 (1992), p.90.
2542:Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
2472:Russians in the Former Soviet Republics
1931:
550:
535:
524:
513:
502:
491:
487:
476:
3767:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
3704:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
415:No-vote in % per Ukrainian Oblast
299:Voters were asked "Do you confirm the
30:1991 Ukrainian independence referendum
28:
4114:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
3194:1990 Ukrainian parliamentary election
623:National Security and Defence Council
525:
514:
503:
492:
444:
7:
2601:https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01059
2061:University of British Columbia Press
1960:
1958:
1943:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
3119:Elections and referendums in Crimea
2037:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
1454:Percentage voting for independence
18:Ukraine's independence in 1991
2583:." Slavic Review 63.3 (2004) 507.
25:
3611:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
3596:Criticism of communist party rule
426:Polls showed 63% support for the
4657:Human rights in the Soviet Union
3616:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
3399:
2764:
2675:(in Ukrainian). 11 October 1991.
2667:(in Ukrainian). 11 October 1991.
2617:https://doi.org/10.2307/20045232
1839:the collapse of the Soviet Union
1371:
1061:UkraineāEuropean Union relations
560:
219:
136:
114:
80:
35:
4723:Ukrainian independence movement
4718:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
4713:Referendums in the Soviet Union
4708:1991 in international relations
4565:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
4495:Fall of the inner German border
3189:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
2585:https://doi.org/10.2307/1520339
1921:(2014 – present)
1904:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1435:). Voter turnout was lowest in
4728:December 1991 events in Europe
4693:1989ā1991 Ukrainian revolution
4555:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact
3694:Terrorism and the Soviet Union
3161:1989ā1991 Ukrainian revolution
1974:Historic vote for independence
1914:2014 Crimean status referendum
1909:2014 Donbas status referendums
1355:Annexation of Crimea by Russia
1260:Diplomatic missions of Ukraine
419:Ukrainian media had converted
1:
4575:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
4174:Inter-regional Deputies Group
4159:National League for Democracy
2679:"The funeral of the empire",
1889:According to Laura Blaj, the
340:President of the Russian SFSR
4485:Alexanderplatz demonstration
4450:Polish Round Table Agreement
4124:People's Movement of Ukraine
3288:People's Movement of Ukraine
3179:1990s Donbas miners' strikes
1825:
1822:
1812:
1809:
1799:
1796:
1786:
1783:
1773:
1770:
1760:
1757:
1747:
1744:
1734:
1731:
1721:
1718:
1708:
1705:
1695:
1692:
1682:
1679:
1669:
1666:
1656:
1653:
1643:
1640:
1630:
1627:
1617:
1614:
1604:
1601:
1591:
1588:
1578:
1575:
1565:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1539:
1536:
1526:
1523:
1513:
1510:
1500:
1497:
1487:
1484:
1474:
1471:
1298:Proclamation of Independence
775:Local state administration (
628:Presidential representatives
4530:January Events in Lithuania
4465:Hungarian Round Table Talks
4104:Democratic Party of Albania
3334:Independence Day of Ukraine
3281:Political groups and people
3267:Declaration of Independence
2507:University of Toronto Press
1941:& Philip Stƶver (2010)
1323:Universal of National Unity
1318:RussiaāUkraine gas disputes
1293:Declaration of Independence
1224:International organizations
982:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
835:Central Election Commission
537:Source: Nohlen & Stƶver
423:to the independence ideal.
405:Declaration of Independence
290:declaration of independence
4744:
4184:Hungarian Democratic Forum
4179:Alliance of Free Democrats
4169:Union of Democratic Forces
2449:Cambridge University Press
2386:Cambridge University Press
2263:Cambridge University Press
1964:Nohlen & Stƶver, p1985
1857:According to Mark Kramer,
719:People's Deputy of Ukraine
338:. Also on 2 December, the
4698:1991 elections in Ukraine
4545:1991 protests in Belgrade
3523:Narva and SillamƤe (1993)
3410:
3342:
3224:International recognition
3184:United Nations membership
3113:
1891:Ukrainian Communist Party
1847:Supreme Soviet of Ukraine
1453:
1448:
536:
526:Registered voters/turnout
488:
477:
466:
455:
450:
447:
354:union of sovereign states
218:
209:
194:Registered voters/turnout
108:
105:
96:
79:
72:
48:
34:
4703:1991 in the Soviet Union
4683:Independence referendums
4535:January Events in Latvia
4525:Reunification of Germany
4510:1990s post-Soviet aliyah
4440:1987ā1989 Tibetan unrest
4164:National Salvation Front
4149:Belarusian Popular Front
4139:Popular Front of Estonia
3908:Polish underground press
3669:List of socialist states
3508:Transnistria (1989ā1990)
2483:Indiana University Press
2096:Hoover Institution Press
1843:1991 Soviet coup attempt
1036:International membership
786:Administrative divisions
437:voted for independence.
4611:Economic liberalization
4550:1991 Belarusian strikes
4490:Fall of the Berlin Wall
4144:Public Against Violence
4134:Popular Front of Latvia
3913:Political demonstration
3762:Chinese economic reform
3674:People Power Revolution
3219:Independence referendum
3165:independence of Ukraine
2839:Parliamentary elections
2227:NEWSBRIEFS FROM UKRAINE
2192:Oxford University Press
2162:Office of the Historian
618:Office of the President
362:former Soviet Republics
165:Invalid or blank votes
4678:Referendums in Ukraine
3745:New political thinking
3204:Sovereignty referendum
2784:Presidential elections
2627:Peter J. Potichnyj, "
2527:Post-Communist Ukraine
2216:Worldwide News Ukraine
2212:Ukrainian Independence
2131:Transaction Publishers
1854:stationed in Ukraine.
1546:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
1425:administrative regions
1308:Ukraine without Kuchma
1066:UkraineāNATO relations
1001:Diplomatic missions of
416:
408:
4616:Post-Soviet conflicts
4570:Tajikistani Civil War
4520:Revolution on Granite
4480:Monday Demonstrations
4006:SanjaasĆ¼rengiin Zorig
3840:Mengistu Haile Mariam
3606:Eastern Bloc politics
2717:Vitaliy Riaboshapka.
1520:Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
1360:2022 Russian invasion
1288:Ukrainian nationalism
414:
398:
377:Stanislav Shushkevich
317:presidential election
305:Parliament of Ukraine
4026:Vytautas Landsbergis
4021:Viacheslav Chornovil
3850:Denis Sassou Nguesso
3303:Viacheslav Chornovil
2613:The Ukrainian Factor
2611:Adrian Karatnycky, "
2239:The Ukrainian Weekly
2016:The Ukrainian Weekly
1986:The Ukrainian Weekly
1330:Political crises of
791:Autonomous republics
746:Constitutional Court
633:Presidential symbols
385:officially dissolved
329:President of Ukraine
4470:Pan-European Picnic
4445:1988 Polish strikes
3825:Wojciech Jaruzelski
3565:Revolutions of 1989
3513:Soviet Union (1991)
3504:Autonomy referendum
3352:Politics of Ukraine
3209:Chicken Kiev speech
2595:Mark Kramer (2022)
1919:Russo-Ukrainian War
1767:Zaporizhzhia Oblast
1585:Khmelnytskyi Oblast
811:with special status
606:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
553:Politics of Ukraine
504:Invalid/blank votes
441:
435:Russians in Ukraine
325:parliament chairman
315:On the same day, a
296:on 24 August 1991.
31:
3830:Slobodan MiloÅ”eviÄ
3699:Vatican Opposition
3347:History of Ukraine
2563:Brian D. Taylor, "
2532:2023-12-16 at the
2505:by Serhii Plokhy,
2501:2023-01-13 at the
2477:2023-01-13 at the
2411:2024-08-20 at the
2351:J. Geoffrey Golson
2347:Rodney P. Carlisle
2315:Robert A. Saunders
2232:2020-11-16 at the
2178:2024-08-20 at the
2156:2009-02-04 at the
2121:2024-08-20 at the
2086:2024-08-20 at the
2009:2017-10-19 at the
1989:(1 September 1991)
1979:2014-03-23 at the
1754:Zakarpattia Oblast
1378:Ukraine portal
756:Prosecutor General
724:Imperative mandate
671:Shmyhal Government
440:
433:55% of the ethnic
417:
409:
4665:
4664:
4591:Colour revolution
4421:
4420:
4388:Congo-Brazzaville
4109:Democratic Russia
4066:Pope John Paul II
4061:George H. W. Bush
4011:Vladimir Bukovsky
3800:Mikhail Gorbachev
3795:Nicolae CeauČescu
3581:Era of Stagnation
3531:
3530:
3518:Ingushetia (1991)
3365:
3364:
3127:
3126:
2729:. 1 December 2019
2515:978-0-8020-9327-1
2491:978-0-253-32917-2
2287:Olena Nikolayenko
2242:(8 December 1991)
2019:(8 December 1991)
1876:Mikhail Gorbachev
1868:Alma-Ata Protocol
1864:Belovezha Accords
1830:
1829:
1611:Kirovohrad Oblast
1507:Chernivtsi Oblast
1421:
1420:
1313:Orange Revolution
1023:Visa requirements
975:Foreign relations
844:Recent elections
840:Political parties
782:Local legislature
708:Ruslan Stefanchuk
541:
540:
381:Belavezha Accords
374:Belarusian leader
350:Mikhail Gorbachev
282:
281:
276:
275:
205:
204:
63:
62:
16:(Redirected from
4735:
4688:1991 referendums
4540:Transnistria War
4199:
4041:Aung San Suu Kyi
3956:Alexander DubÄek
3893:Civil resistance
3750:Sinatra Doctrine
3730:Demokratizatsiya
3631:Shortage economy
3558:
3551:
3544:
3535:
3468:Nagorno-Karabakh
3404:
3403:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3313:Levko Lukyanenko
3245:Fourth Universal
3214:Belovezh Accords
3154:
3147:
3140:
3131:
2769:
2768:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2734:
2676:
2668:
2651:
2641:
2635:
2625:
2619:
2609:
2603:
2593:
2587:
2577:
2571:
2561:
2552:
2538:Bohdan Harasymiw
2524:
2518:
2469:
2460:
2438:
2432:
2403:
2397:
2375:
2366:
2340:
2334:
2308:
2302:
2280:
2274:
2259:Stephen K. White
2252:
2243:
2224:
2218:
2209:
2203:
2170:
2164:
2148:
2142:
2113:
2107:
2078:
2072:
2054:
2048:
2026:
2020:
2001:
1990:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1953:
1936:
1728:Vinnytsia Oblast
1650:Mykolayiv Oblast
1494:Chernihiv Oblast
1446:
1441:Southern Ukraine
1413:
1406:
1399:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1303:Cassette Scandal
917:
814:
769:Local government
710:
698:
564:
548:
442:
387:on 26 December.
347:Soviet President
267:
261:
253:
247:
241:
235:
223:
214:
213:
195:
140:
139:
118:
117:
98:
84:
68:
67:
50:
49:
44:
43:
39:
32:
21:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4645:
4606:Democratization
4596:Decommunization
4579:
4515:Helsinki Summit
4455:April 9 tragedy
4427:
4417:
4346:
4255:
4203:
4194:
4188:
4076:
4070:
3938:
3932:
3885:
3879:
3835:Mathieu KƩrƩkou
3782:
3776:
3708:
3684:Reagan Doctrine
3659:Active measures
3651:
3645:
3636:Totalitarianism
3573:
3567:
3562:
3532:
3527:
3406:
3398:
3396:
3366:
3361:
3338:
3322:
3318:Oleksandr Moroz
3308:Leonid Kravchuk
3293:Democratic Bloc
3276:
3272:Lisbon Protocol
3228:
3199:USSR referendum
3167:
3158:
3128:
3123:
3109:
3081:
2964:Local elections
2958:
2833:
2778:
2763:
2761:
2681:Leonid Kravchuk
2671:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2642:
2638:
2626:
2622:
2610:
2606:
2594:
2590:
2578:
2574:
2562:
2555:
2534:Wayback Machine
2525:
2521:
2503:Wayback Machine
2494:
2481:by PĆ„l KolstĆø,
2479:Wayback Machine
2470:
2463:
2439:
2435:
2417:Daniel Treisman
2413:Wayback Machine
2404:
2400:
2376:
2369:
2341:
2337:
2323:Scarecrow Press
2309:
2305:
2281:
2277:
2253:
2246:
2234:Wayback Machine
2225:
2221:
2210:
2206:
2184:James E. Goodby
2180:Wayback Machine
2171:
2167:
2158:Wayback Machine
2149:
2145:
2123:Wayback Machine
2114:
2110:
2088:Wayback Machine
2079:
2075:
2055:
2051:
2033:Roman Solchanyk
2027:
2023:
2011:Wayback Machine
2002:
1993:
1981:Wayback Machine
1972:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1900:
1835:
1806:Sevastopol City
1780:Zhytomyr Oblast
1715:Ternopil Oblast
1481:Cherkasy Oblast
1433:Sevastopol City
1417:
1388:
1384:Other countries
1372:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1346:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1251:
1218:
1055:
1032:
1013:Nationality law
1009:
997:
977:
967:
966:
959:
931:
915:
902:
872:
830:
820:
819:
805:
771:
761:
760:
741:
731:
730:
702:
696:
688:
678:
677:
649:
641:
640:
639:
596:
588:
587:
578:
555:
546:
393:
379:in signing the
321:Leonid Kravchuk
278:
277:
269:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
249:
245:
243:
239:
229:
212:
211:
210:
193:
137:
115:
103:
87:
75:
66:
65:
64:
56:1 December 1991
42:
41:
40:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4741:
4739:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4670:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4631:Post-communism
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4221:Czechoslovakia
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4204:Eastern Europe
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Isaias Afwerki
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4031:Zianon Pazniak
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3810:Erich Honecker
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Anti-communism
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2715:
2703:Zerkalo Nedeli
2698:
2686:Zerkalo Nedeli
2677:
2669:
2659:
2658:External links
2656:
2653:
2652:
2636:
2620:
2604:
2588:
2579:Mark Kramer, "
2572:
2553:
2519:
2461:
2433:
2398:
2367:
2335:
2303:
2275:
2244:
2219:
2204:
2165:
2143:
2127:Gordon M. Hahn
2108:
2092:Roman Szporluk
2073:
2049:
2021:
1991:
1966:
1954:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:National Total
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:Poltava Oblast
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1624:Luhansk Oblast
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1572:Kherson Oblast
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:Kharkiv Oblast
1555:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:Donetsk Oblast
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1462:Of electorate
1460:
1459:Of votes cast
1456:
1455:
1452:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:European Union
1234:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1209:United Kingdom
1206:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1007:
996:
995:
994:
993:
978:
973:
972:
969:
968:
965:
964:
963:
962:
961:
960:
958:
957:
952:
947:
941:
934:
933:
932:
930:
929:
924:
919:
910:
905:
904:
903:
901:
900:
893:
888:
882:
875:
874:
873:
871:
870:
863:
858:
852:
842:
837:
831:
826:
825:
822:
821:
818:
817:
816:
815:
803:
798:
793:
783:
780:
772:
767:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
753:
748:
742:
737:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
694:Verkhovna Rada
689:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
674:
673:
663:
662:
661:
654:Prime Minister
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
638:
637:
636:
635:
630:
625:
620:
612:
611:
610:
609:
608:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
579:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
557:
556:
551:
545:
542:
539:
538:
534:
533:
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
516:
512:
511:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
494:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
475:
474:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
457:
453:
452:
449:
446:
407:printed on it.
392:
389:
294:Verkhovna Rada
280:
279:
274:
273:
264:
258:
256:
250:
244:
238:
233:
224:
216:
215:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
190:
189:
184:
179:
173:
172:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
144:
133:
132:
127:
122:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
77:
76:
73:
70:
69:
61:
60:
58:
53:
46:
45:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4740:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4636:Yugoslav Wars
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Neo-Stalinism
4624:
4622:
4621:Neo-Sovietism
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Black January
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4424:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Ronald Reagan
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:Zhelyu Zhelev
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Boris Yeltsin
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:Joachim Gauck
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3928:Strike action
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:Todor Zhivkov
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3860:Deng Xiaoping
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Soviet Empire
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:International
3648:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3490:South Ossetia
3487:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3402:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2646:
2643:Laura Blaj, "
2640:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2445:Andrew Wilson
2442:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2382:Andrew Wilson
2379:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2069:9780774804387
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:9783832956097
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:Dieter Nohlen
1935:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1859:Boris Yeltsin
1855:
1853:
1852:Soviet troops
1848:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1215:
1214:United States
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
992:
991:Dmytro Kuleba
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
971:
970:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
939:
938:
935:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
906:
899:
898:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
880:
879:
878:Parliamentary
876:
869:
868:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
851:
850:
849:
846:
845:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
829:
824:
823:
812:
808:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:
781:
778:
774:
773:
770:
765:
764:
757:
754:
752:
751:Supreme Court
749:
747:
744:
743:
740:
735:
734:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
709:
705:
701:
700:
699:
695:
691:
690:
687:
682:
681:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
660:
659:Denys Shmyhal
657:
656:
655:
652:
651:
645:
644:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
613:
607:
604:
603:
602:
599:
598:
592:
591:
584:
581:
580:
577:
572:
571:
568:
567:
563:
559:
558:
554:
549:
543:
531:
528:
520:
517:
509:
506:
498:
495:
483:
480:
472:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
443:
438:
436:
431:
429:
424:
422:
413:
406:
402:
397:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
357:
355:
351:
348:
344:
343:Boris Yeltsin
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
272:
268: 95ā100%
257:
237:
236:
232:
228:
222:
217:
208:
200:
197:
192:
191:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
170:
167:
164:
163:
159:
156:
153:
152:
148:
145:
143:
135:
134:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
113:
112:
100:
99:
95:
90:
83:
78:
71:
59:
57:
54:
52:
51:
47:
38:
33:
27:
19:
4584:Later events
4500:Malta Summit
4332:Turkmenistan
4260:Soviet Union
4246:Soviet Union
4226:East Germany
4046:Meles Zenawi
4001:Sali Berisha
3951:VƔclav Havel
3898:Human chains
3805:KĆ”roly GrĆ³sz
3735:Khozraschyot
3626:Nomenklatura
3601:Eastern Bloc
3495:
3488:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3449:Transnistria
3447:
3443:Turkmenistan
3327:Celebrations
3298:Group of 239
3252:Act of Unity
3218:
3099:
3075:
2952:
2827:
2718:
2712:in Ukrainian
2701:
2695:in Ukrainian
2684:
2639:
2623:
2607:
2591:
2575:
2522:
2436:
2401:
2338:
2319:Vlad Strukov
2306:
2278:
2237:
2222:
2207:
2188:Benoit Morel
2168:
2146:
2111:
2076:
2052:
2024:
2014:
1984:
1969:
1945:, page 1976
1942:
1934:
1888:
1884:
1880:Union Treaty
1872:
1856:
1836:
1818:
1741:Volyn Oblast
1689:Rivne Oblast
1663:Odesa Oblast
1468:Crimean ASSR
1422:
1350:Kharkiv Pact
1203:Transnistria
1202:
1192:South Africa
1043:
949:
945:1991 (March)
896:
866:
848:Presidential
697:(parliament)
693:
583:Human rights
576:Constitution
432:
427:
425:
418:
401:ballot paper
358:
333:
314:
309:
298:
292:made by the
283:
270:
262: 90ā95%
254: 85ā90%
248: 80ā85%
242: 50ā60%
230:
186:
181:
176:
154:Valid votes
141:
129:
124:
119:
55:
26:
4560:August Coup
4413:South Yemen
4358:Afghanistan
4202:Central and
4195:by location
4099:Civic Forum
3986:Feng Congde
3961:Ion Iliescu
3946:Lech WaÅÄsa
3903:Magnitizdat
3865:Zhao Ziyang
3855:Heng Samrin
3815:MiloÅ” JakeÅ”
3725:Perestroika
3087:Referendums
2775:referendums
1702:Sumy Oblast
1637:Lviv Oblast
1598:Kyiv Oblast
1450:Subdivision
1028:Visa policy
937:Referendums
686:Legislature
515:Total votes
493:Valid votes
364:except the
225:Results by
198:37,885,555
177:Total votes
157:31,221,625
4672:Categories
4601:Lustration
4475:Baltic Way
4426:Individual
4403:Mozambique
4342:Uzbekistan
4327:Tajikistan
4312:Kyrgyzstan
4307:Kazakhstan
4272:Azerbaijan
4251:Yugoslavia
4129:Solidarity
4089:Charter 77
4075:Opposition
3971:Wu'erkaixi
3937:Opposition
3884:Opposition
3875:Siad Barre
3820:Egon Krenz
3790:Ramiz Alia
3781:Government
3720:Uskoreniye
3652:background
3574:background
3479:Uzbekistan
3474:Azerbaijan
3117:See also:
3100:1991 (Dec)
3095:1991 (Mar)
2977:1939 (Oct)
2972:1939 (Feb)
2777:in Ukraine
2708:in Russian
2691:in Russian
2550:1895571448
2517:(page 184)
2493:(page 191)
2459:(page 129)
2457:0521574579
2431:(page 178)
2429:1416560726
2421:Free Press
2396:(page 128)
2394:0521574579
2365:(page 111)
2363:1851098852
2331:0810854759
2301:(page 101)
2299:0415596041
2273:(page 240)
2271:0521587379
2200:0198291612
2141:(page 482)
2139:0765800497
2104:0817995420
2071:(page 371)
2047:(page 100)
2045:0742510182
1926:References
1265:in Ukraine
1162:Montenegro
1070:Countries
1005:in Ukraine
950:1991 (Dec)
914:2014
714:Committees
595:Presidency
529:37,885,555
518:31,891,742
496:31,221,625
481:31,221,625
459:28,804,071
370:Kazakh SSR
182:31,891,742
146:2,417,554
125:28,804,071
4641:Pink tide
4435:Jeltoqsan
4351:Elsewhere
4302:Lithuania
4154:Rastokhez
4094:New Forum
4077:movements
3976:Chai Ling
3586:Communism
3497:Tatarstan
3418:Lithuania
3233:Documents
2771:Elections
2333:(page 75)
2291:Routledge
2202:(page 48)
2106:(page 355
1793:Kyiv City
1429:Kyiv City
1147:Lithuania
828:Elections
739:Judiciary
648:Executive
601:President
544:By region
470:2,417,554
4398:Mongolia
4393:Ethiopia
4378:Cambodia
4282:Chechnya
4216:Bulgaria
3991:Tank Man
3981:Wang Dan
3966:Liu Gang
3923:Samizdat
3918:Protests
3757:Glasnost
3740:500 Days
3664:Cold War
3572:Internal
3456:Gagauzia
2727:Segodnya
2544:, 2002,
2530:Archived
2509:, 2008,
2499:Archived
2485:, 1995,
2475:Archived
2451:, 1996,
2423:, 2012,
2409:Archived
2388:, 1996,
2357:, 2007,
2355:ABC-CLIO
2325:, 2010,
2293:, 2001,
2265:, 1999,
2230:Archived
2194:, 1993,
2176:Archived
2154:Archived
2133:, 2001,
2119:Archived
2098:, 2000,
2084:Archived
2063:, 1993,
2039:, 2000,
2007:Archived
1977:Archived
1898:See also
1866:and the
1833:Analysis
1282:See also
1187:Slovakia
1018:Passport
987:Minister
704:Chairman
421:en masse
368:and the
168:670,117
4650:Related
4408:Somalia
4337:Ukraine
4317:Moldova
4292:Georgia
4287:Estonia
4277:Belarus
4267:Armenia
4241:Romania
4231:Hungary
4211:Albania
4119:SÄ
jūdis
3939:leaders
3886:methods
3783:leaders
3772:Äį»i Mį»i
3713:Reforms
3462:Ukraine
3438:Armenia
3433:Georgia
3423:Estonia
1437:Eastern
1172:Romania
1157:Moldova
1122:Iceland
1112:Germany
1107:Georgia
1097:Finland
1082:Belarus
1077:Austria
796:Oblasts
666:Cabinet
507:670,117
467:Against
391:Results
286:Ukraine
201:84.18%
187:100.00%
160:97.90%
92:Results
4428:events
4363:Angola
4322:Russia
4297:Latvia
4236:Poland
4193:Events
3845:Ne Win
3428:Latvia
3172:Events
2548:
2513:
2489:
2455:
2427:
2392:
2361:
2329:
2317:&
2297:
2269:
2198:
2137:
2102:
2067:
2043:
1949:
1197:Sweden
1182:Serbia
1177:Russia
1167:Poland
1142:Latvia
1117:Greece
1102:France
1087:Canada
916:(Kyiv)
907:Local
807:Cities
801:Raions
521:100.00
484:100.00
445:Choice
323:, the
271:
266:
260:
252:
246:
240:
227:region
171:2.10%
149:7.74%
130:92.26%
106:Votes
102:Choice
4383:China
4373:Burma
4368:Benin
1823:90.32
1810:57.07
1797:92.87
1784:95.06
1771:90.66
1758:92.59
1745:96.32
1732:95.43
1719:98.67
1706:92.61
1693:95.96
1680:94.93
1667:85.38
1654:89.45
1641:97.46
1628:83.86
1615:93.88
1602:95.52
1589:96.30
1576:90.13
1563:86.33
1550:98.42
1537:83.90
1524:90.36
1511:92.78
1498:93.74
1485:96.03
1472:54.19
1152:Malta
1137:Japan
1132:Italy
1127:India
1092:China
777:chief
532:84.18
499:97.90
478:Total
462:92.26
448:Votes
428:"Yes"
366:RSFSR
310:"Yes"
3485:1992
3414:1991
3163:and
3105:2000
3076:Next
3070:2020
3065:2015
3060:2014
3055:2010
3050:2006
3045:2002
3040:1998
3035:1994
3030:1990
3026:1980
3023:1977
3020:1975
3017:1973
3014:1971
3011:1969
3008:1967
3005:1965
3002:1963
2999:1961
2996:1959
2993:1957
2990:1955
2987:1953
2984:1950
2981:1947
2953:Next
2947:2019
2942:2014
2937:2012
2932:2007
2927:2006
2922:2002
2917:1998
2912:1994
2907:1990
2902:1985
2897:1980
2892:1975
2887:1971
2882:1967
2877:1963
2872:1959
2867:1955
2862:1951
2857:1947
2852:1938
2847:1918
2828:Next
2822:2019
2817:2014
2812:2010
2807:2004
2802:1999
2797:1994
2792:1991
2773:and
2710:and
2693:and
2546:ISBN
2511:ISBN
2487:ISBN
2453:ISBN
2425:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2349:and
2327:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2186:and
2135:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2065:ISBN
2041:ISBN
1947:ISBN
1439:and
1431:and
1342:2008
1337:2007
1332:2006
1247:NATO
1242:GUAM
1051:GUAM
955:2000
927:2020
922:2015
897:next
891:2019
886:2014
867:2024
861:2019
856:2014
510:2.10
473:7.74
399:The
231:Yes:
3621:KGB
2536:by
2443:by
2415:by
2380:by
2345:by
2313:by
2285:by
2257:by
2182:by
2125:by
2090:by
2031:by
1878:'s
1826:76
1813:36
1800:75
1787:86
1774:73
1761:77
1748:90
1735:87
1722:96
1709:82
1696:89
1683:87
1670:64
1657:75
1644:93
1631:68
1618:83
1605:84
1592:90
1579:75
1566:65
1553:94
1540:64
1527:74
1514:81
1501:85
1488:87
1475:37
1232:CIS
1045:CIS
456:For
356:".
120:Yes
4674::
2725:.
2683:,
2556:^
2540:,
2464:^
2447:,
2419:,
2384:,
2370:^
2353:,
2321:,
2289:,
2261:,
2247:^
2236:,
2214:,
2190:,
2160:,
2129:,
2094:,
2059:,
2035:,
2013:,
1994:^
1983:,
1957:^
1870:.
1003:/
989::
706::
331:.
312:.
142:No
109:%
3557:e
3550:t
3543:v
3391:e
3384:t
3377:v
3153:e
3146:t
3139:v
2756:e
2749:t
2742:v
2723:"
2719:"
2714:.
2697:.
1412:e
1405:t
1398:v
813:)
809:(
779:)
451:%
20:)
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