291:. The pro-Russian parties also won the parliamentary election that year. However the president quickly alienated the parliament by asserting strong presidential powers. On 8 September, the Crimean parliament degraded the President's powers from the head of state to the head of the executive power only, to which Meshkov responded by disbanding parliament and announcing his control over Crimea four days later. There were several mostly symbolic attempts to get closer relations with Russia, with
720:
600:
508:
145:
35:
377:
430:
that divided the Black Sea Fleet that was followed by the request from the
Ukrainian Republican Party to recognize the Fleet either fully Ukrainian or a fleet of a foreign country in Ukraine. Also over 300 Russian legislators called the planned Congress of Ukrainian Residents a political provocation.
417:
under the
Russian jurisdiction and followed by the interview given by the Sevastopol's Communist, Vasyl Parkhomenko, who said that the city's Communists request to recognize the Russian as the state language and restoration of the Soviet Union. On 19 March 1993, the Crimean deputy and the member of
587:
was murdered. A series of terrorist actions rocked the peninsula in the winter; among them were the arson of the Mejlis apartment, the shooting of a
Ukrainian official, several hooligan attacks on Meshkov, the bomb explosion in the house of a local parliamentary, the assassination attempt on a
408:
On 15 January 1993, Kravchuk and
Yeltsin in the meeting in Moscow appointed Eduard Baltin as the commander of the Black Sea Fleet. At the same time the Union of the Ukrainian Naval Officers protested the Russian intervention into the Ukrainian internal affairs. Soon after that there were more
588:
Communist presidential candidate, and others. On 2 January 1994, the Mejlis announced a boycott of the presidential elections, which were later canceled. The boycott itself was later taken on by other
Crimean Tatar organizations. On 11 January, the Mejlis announced their representative,
454:
449:
that replaced the
Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR. According to the constitution, Ukraine must not house any foreign military bases on its territory. Article 17: ..."The location of foreign military bases shall not be permitted on the territory of Ukraine".
186:
583:, used words "categorically against" in regards to the proposed election for Crimean president on 16 January. He stated that there cannot be two presidents in a single state. On 6 November, the Crimean Tatar National Movement leader,
418:
the
National Salvation Front, Alexander Kruglov, threatened the members of the Crimean Ukrainian Congress not allow into the building of the Republican Council. A couple of days after that, Russia established an information center in
263:
There was stiff resistance from
Ukraine and a day later, on 6 May, the same parliament inserted a new sentence into this constitution that declared that Crimea was part of Ukraine. A referendum to confirm the decision was not held
575:, the Crimean parliament agreed on a quota of Crimean Tatar representation in the Council to 14. The head of the Russian People's Council in Sevastopol, Alexander Kruglov, called it "excessive". The chairman of the Crimean Tatar
342:, the parliament of Crimea, voted to grant Crimea "extensive home rule" during the dispute. Its status of being subordinate to Kyiv was confirmed eventually by the remaining Crimean authorities. Its name was changed from the
567:
On 2 September 1991, the
National Movement of Crimean Tatars appealed to the V Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies in Russia demanding the program how to return the deported Crimean Tatar population back to Crimea.
118:
247:
in the newly independent
Ukraine which maintained Crimea's autonomous status, while the Supreme Council of Crimea affirmed the peninsula's "sovereignty" as a part of Ukraine. Based on the resolution of the
318:
intervened in the political crisis in Crimea, scrapping the Crimean Constitution and removing Meshkov and scrapping the office of President for his actions against the state and promoting integration with
1398:
531:
592:, the speaker of the Crimean parliament, as the presidential candidate. On 12 January, some other candidates accused Bahrov of severe methods of agitation. At the same time, Russian politician
461:
recognized Ukraine's borders and territorial integrity, and accepted Ukraine's sovereignty over Crimea and Sevastopol. In a separate agreement, Russia was to receive 80 percent of the
694:
549:
had to be shielded by umbrellas as he was pelted with eggs, while smoke bombs exploded and politicians brawled. Along with the Verkhovna Rada the treaty was ratified by the Russian
1335:
1469:
213:
which would have meant that Crimea would have been a sovereign subject of the renewed USSR and separate from the Ukrainian SSR. and to restore autonomy to the region as the
705:
scenario" was impossible in Crimea. The SBU had started criminal proceedings against the pro-Russian association "People's front Sevastopol-Crimea-Russia" in January 2009.
731:, a senior pro Russian politician, said then that he hoped that Russia would endorse Crimeaan separatism in the same way as it had done in South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
113:
with the Crimean authorities pushing for more independence from Ukraine and closer links with Russia. In 1995 the Republic was forcibly abolished by Ukraine with the
500:
Government Court ordered the vacating of the objects, which the Russian military did not carry out. Since August 3, 2005, the lighthouse has been controlled by the
273:
1581:
350:. After an interim constitution lasting from 4 April 1996 to 23 December 1998, the constitution that would last until the Russian annexation was put into effect.
138:
657:
to the population in the Crimea and described it as a "real problem" given Russia's declared policy of military intervention abroad to protect Russian citizens.
1613:
218:
170:
1499:
190:
1394:
1026:
Wolczuk, Kataryna (8 September 2010). "Catching up with 'Europe'? Constitutional Debates on the Territorial-Administrative Model in Independent Ukraine".
435:
1228:
Wydra, Doris (11 November 2004). "The Crimea Conundrum: The Tug of War Between Russia and Ukraine on the Questions of Autonomy and Self-Determination".
1054:
Wydra, Doris (11 November 2004). "The Crimea Conundrum: The Tug of War Between Russia and Ukraine on the Questions of Autonomy and Self-Determination".
1309:
1177:
768:. Thus, in the period just prior to 2014, Crimea was not experiencing intense mobilization against Ukraine or on behalf of absorption into Russia.
880:
749:
A pro-Russian demonstration of several thousand people took place in Sevastopol on 23 February 2014 in the wake of Yanukovych's flight during the
434:
In 1994, the legal status of Crimea as part of Ukraine was backed up by Russia, who pledged to uphold the territorial integrity of Ukraine in a
999:
834:
226:
1646:
1453:
1372:
1160:
892:
875:
850:
647:
95:
473:
and Russia's Black Sea Fleet were to be headquartered in Sevastopol. Ukraine extended Russia's lease of the naval facilities under the 2010
229:
later in 1991 in all regions of the Ukrainian SSR, including Crimea (although in Crimea the independence was supported by a slim majority).
202:
110:
1085:
757:
of Ukraine officially dissolved the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea, and, on 17 March 2014, one day before the Russian annexation of Crimea, the
735:
178:
253:
244:
238:
117:
established firmly under Ukrainian authority. There were also intermittent tensions with Russia over the Soviet Fleet, although a 1997
1858:
1728:
617:
576:
512:
284:
1477:
1212:
504:. Through the years, there have been various attempts to return Cape Sarych to Ukrainian territory, all of which were unsuccessful.
77:
863:
787:"The Constitutional Process in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the Context of Interethnic Relations and Conflict Settlement"
91:
44:
1132:
1013:
823:
543:
343:
106:
639:. Protesters greeted the marines with barricades and slogans bearing "Occupiers go home!" and a couple of days later, the
402:
347:
114:
1721:"Security Service of Ukraine institutes criminal proceedings against association 'People's front Sevastopol-Crimea-Russia
672:
Serhiy Kunitsyn claimed (citing recent polls) that the population of Crimea is opposed to the idea of becoming a part of
1591:
1445:
884:
698:
643:
declared Crimea a "NATO-free territory". After several days of protest, the U.S. Marines withdrew from the peninsula.
1623:
1853:
842:
621:
562:
257:
1686:
1651:
1507:
323:. Almost 4,000 Ukrainian soldiers and police officers were sent to Crimea. Meshkov was removed from power after
1124:
867:
862:
54% of the Crimean voters supported independence with a 60% turnout (in Sevastopol 57% supported independence).
815:
739:
640:
339:
324:
249:
214:
1355:
427:
1691:
758:
681:
446:
265:
55:
690:
470:
362:
48:
1318:
1186:
1292:
750:
501:
269:
130:
1205:
Secession as an International Phenomenon: From America's Civil War to Contemporary Separatist Movements
908:
Secession as an International Phenomenon: From America's Civil War to Contemporary Separatist Movements
593:
484:
However, other controversies between Ukraine and Russia still remained, including the ownership of a
442:
455:
Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership on friendship and division of the Black Sea Fleet
1356:""Crimea should be Ukrainian, but without bloodshed." How Ukraine saved the peninsula 25 years ago"
716:(on 19 February 2009) some 300 to 500 people took part in rallies to protest against the transfer.
584:
572:
280:
1500:"The owner of the 'sarych' lighthouse came back with a blank document to the President of Ukraine"
1256:
727:
On 24 August 2009, anti-Ukrainian demonstrations were held in Crimea by ethnic Russian residents.
719:
599:
1751:"Events by themes: Torch procession on occasion of 55th anniversary of Crimea to Ukraine passing"
1090:
1043:
943:
838:
17:
1766:
1317:(in Russian). Slavic-Eurasian research center, University of Sapporo. p. 61. Archived from
1185:(in Russian). Slavic-Eurasian research center, University of Sapporo. p. 52. Archived from
1114:
811:
1545:
1449:
1208:
1156:
1148:
1128:
1118:
1009:
888:
871:
846:
819:
807:
765:
650:
636:
580:
397:
based on the peninsula, worries of armed skirmishes were occasionally raised. In August 1991,
335:
134:
102:
1787:
1656:
1237:
1063:
1035:
935:
743:
654:
546:
296:
222:
217:. The referendum ballot carried the following sentence: "Do you support re-establishing the
210:
198:
1720:
1732:
1402:
1377:
1257:"The Crimean Autonomous Region and Ukraine's Relations with Russia in the Post-Soviet Era"
527:
462:
394:
358:
139:
Russia invaded Crimea, overthrew the elected autonomous government and claimed to annex it
122:
1293:
On the termination of the Constitution and some laws of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
409:
anti-Ukrainian protests led by the Meshkov's party, the Voters for the Crimean Republic,
1433:
1284:
764:
Before 2014, Crimea could be considered a part of the political base of then President
754:
604:
523:
507:
423:
370:
315:
292:
206:
174:
99:
939:
1847:
1737:
1438:
1047:
728:
713:
702:
589:
398:
354:
288:
1782:
1561:
786:
709:
493:
474:
381:
366:
194:
157:
126:
59:
1821:
1704:
1669:
1413:
283:
in 1993, which the Kyiv government denounced as unconstitutional. In 1994 Crimea
256:. The Crimean parliament proclaimed self-government on 5 May 1992 and passed the
1528:
526:(the Ukrainian parliament) during a debate over the extension of the lease on a
478:
1241:
1067:
1803:
669:
550:
539:
497:
485:
419:
414:
303:
144:
327:
had entered his residence, disarmed his bodyguards and put him on a plane to
1586:
1566:
1005:
625:
516:
410:
153:
596:
called on the people of Crimea to vote for the Russian Sergei Shuvainikov.
1750:
422:. In April 1993, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence submitted an appeal to
125:
allowing Russia to continue basing its fleet in Sevastopol with the lease
1618:
538:'s lease on a military wharf and shore installations in the Crimean port
260:
together with a declaration of conditional independence on the same day.
947:
923:
393:
This new situation led to tensions between Russia and Ukraine. With the
376:
985:
National Identity and Ethnicity in Russia and the New States of Eurasia
629:
607:
laying wreaths at a monument to the defenders of Sevastopol, April 2000
252:(the parliament) on 26 February 1992, the Crimean ASSR was renamed the
182:
1039:
673:
661:
535:
489:
458:
328:
320:
149:
209:
overwhelmingly voted for Crimea to be a separate participant of the
496:
controlled 77 geographical objects on the south Crimean Shore, the
1754:
1708:
1673:
969:
The Strategic Use of Referendums: Power, Legitimacy, and Democracy
912:— 67.5% of the total Crimean electorate voted, and 54.2% said yes.
718:
701:(SBU), stated on 17 February 2009 that he was confident that any "
665:
598:
506:
466:
375:
338:, with the intent to rein in Crimean aspirations of autonomy. The
143:
1807:
1395:"Crimea and the Black Sea Fleet in Russian- Ukrainian Relations"
686:
633:
571:
On 14 October 1993, at the same time it established the post of
299:, and Crimean time going to Russian rather than Ukrainian time.
1647:"Cheney urges divided Ukraine to unite against Russia 'threat'"
708:
On the 55th anniversary of the transfer of the Crimea from the
1389:
1387:
465:
and use of the military facilities in Sevastopol on a 20-year
28:
995:
993:
835:
Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State
689:
in Sevastopol or another Crimean city in connection with the
530:
erupted on 27 April 2010 after Ukraine's parliament ratified
276:
was created, which led to a wave of protests a month later.
1280:
457:, international tensions slowly eased off. With the treaty,
1086:"Crimea Parliament Votes to Back Independence From Ukraine"
1783:"Regions Party gets 80 of 100 seats on Crimean parliament"
761:
was established in place of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea.
1142:
1140:
1705:"Ossetian scenario impossible in Crimea – Nalyvaychenko"
1670:"Crimean population opposed to becoming part of Russia"
1110:
1108:
221:
as a subject of the Union SSR and a participant of the
1822:"Ukraine 'preparing withdrawal of troops from Crimea'"
1562:"Update: Ukraine, Russia ratify Black Sea naval lease"
1529:"Parliamentary chaos as Ukraine ratifies fleet deal"
1350:
1348:
413:, and the Union of Communists that demanded to turn
695:
recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia
1437:
1311:Регионы Украины Том 3, Крым и Николаевская область
1230:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights
1179:Регионы Украины Том 3, Крым и Николаевская область
1056:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights
742:took place on 31 October 2010 and was won by the
133:of the relatively pro-Russia Ukrainian President
1582:"Anti-Nato protests threaten eastward expansion"
1149:"The Eye of the Whirlwind: Belarus and Ukraine"
924:"Ethnicity, Ideology and Geopolitics in Crimea"
274:Ukrainian presidential representative in Crimea
1262:. Middle East Technical University. p. 95
1155:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 194.
881:Ukraine and Russia:Representations of the Past
1809:The Crimean Archipelago: A Multimedia Dossier
1767:"Russia and Ukraine in Intensifying Standoff"
1336:"Ukraine Moves To Oust Leader Of Separatists"
1147:Paul Kolstoe; Andrei Edemsky (January 1995).
697:, Valentyn Nalyvaychenko, acting head of the
225:?" Ukrainian independence was supported by a
8:
1207:. University of Georgia Press. p. 285.
1001:Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2004
306:retained its special status within Ukraine.
219:Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
215:Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
1428:
1426:
453:Following the ratification of the May 1997
279:The Crimean parliament voted to bring in a
1799:
1797:
1079:
1077:
979:
977:
58:. Please do not remove this message until
272:. On 17 December 1992, the office of the
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
54:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1687:"Russia's Next Target Could Be Ukraine"
1153:Russians in the Former Soviet Republics
1120:Russians in the Former Soviet Republics
910:edited by Don Harrison Doyle (page 284)
903:
901:
864:Russians in the Former Soviet Republics
808:Russians in the Former Soviet Republics
777:
334:Meshkov was replaced by Kyiv-appointed
287:the pro-Russian and anti-establishment
785:Belitser, Natalya (20 February 2000).
353:In the same period, Russian president
1645:Tsukanova, Anya (September 6, 2008).
405:which was registered on 19 November.
181:became part of the newly independent
7:
1470:"Access to Ukrainians is prohibited"
1414:"What is so dangerous about Crimea?"
928:Communist and Post-Communist Studies
789:. International Committee for Crimea
628:to take part in the Sea Breeze 2006
382:Church of the Resurrection of Christ
243:In 1992 the ASSR was renamed as the
197:with the ongoing discussion for the
1614:"Tensions rise in Crimea over NATO"
477:in exchange for further discounted
302:Throughout this period the city of
179:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
148:Crimea's southernmost point is the
1546:"Russia, Ukraine ratify base deal"
1393:Victor Zaborsky (September 1995),
557:Repatriation of the Crimean Tatars
25:
679:Although western newspapers like
189:Russia and a month later Ukraine
18:Ukrainian sovereignty over Crimea
1757:photo service, February 19, 2009
685:have speculated about a Russian
438:, also signed by the US and UK.
33:
1334:Staff report (March 19, 1995).
1255:Umerov, Eldar (December 2012).
1084:Schmemann, Serge (6 May 1992).
624:arrived at the Crimean city of
268:due to the opposition from the
92:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1506:(in Ukrainian). Archived from
1476:(in Ukrainian). Archived from
1028:Regional & Federal Studies
922:Dawson, Jane (December 1997).
544:Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada
310:Fall of the Republic of Crimea
239:Republic of Crimea (1992–1995)
1:
1622:. 7 June 2006. Archived from
1580:Page, Jeremy (June 8, 2006).
1362:(in Ukrainian). 16 July 2020.
940:10.1016/S0967-067X(97)00013-5
660:During a press conference in
653:accused Russia of giving out
403:Republican Movement of Crimea
152:on the northern shore of the
115:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
361:agreed to divide the former
171:collapse of the Soviet Union
1446:University of Toronto Press
1203:Doyle, Don H., ed. (2010).
885:University of Toronto Press
699:Security Service of Ukraine
60:conditions to do so are met
1875:
1731:February 20, 2011, at the
1242:10.1163/157181104322784826
1068:10.1163/157181104322784826
843:Cambridge University Press
648:Ukrainian Foreign Minister
563:Crimean Tatar repatriation
560:
258:first Crimean constitution
236:
191:declared State Sovereignty
1859:Modern history of Ukraine
1652:The Sydney Morning Herald
1295:. Adopted on 1995-03-17.
664:on 16 February 2009, the
436:memorandum signed in 1994
1590:. London. Archived from
1125:Indiana University Press
868:Indiana University Press
816:Indiana University Press
753:. On 15 March 2014, the
740:Verkhovna Rada of Crimea
325:Ukrainian special forces
250:Verkhovna Rada of Crimea
156:, currently used by the
1692:The Wall Street Journal
759:State Council of Crimea
682:The Wall Street Journal
646:In September 2008, the
620:on the peninsula after
428:Yalta Agreement of 1992
203:January 1991 referendum
129:in 2010. Following the
105:was reorganized as the
724:
608:
519:
471:Ukrainian Naval Forces
385:
363:Soviet Black Sea Fleet
314:On 17 March 1995, the
201:. Half a year later a
161:
123:Soviet Black Sea Fleet
96:Ukrainian independence
967:Mark Clarence Walke,
751:Revolution of Dignity
722:
602:
510:
379:
365:between newly formed
147:
1626:on 30 September 2007
1308:Мацузато К. (2009).
1176:Мацузато К. (2009).
983:Roman Szporluk, ed.
723:Map of modern Crimea
691:Russian-Georgian war
594:Vladimir Zhirinovsky
443:Ukrainian parliament
316:Ukrainian Parliament
1711:, February 17, 2009
1695:, 10 September 2008
1544:Vladimir Radyuhin.
1373:"Ready To Cast Off"
573:President of Crimea
348:Autonomous Republic
47:of this article is
1804:"Ukrainian Crimea"
1791:(11 November 2010)
1771:The New York Times
1741:(January 29, 2009)
1676:(16 February 2009)
1440:Ukraine: A History
1420:, 27 February 2014
1401:2016-07-08 at the
1340:The New York Times
1285:Verkhovna Rada law
1091:The New York Times
883:by Serhii Plokhy,
839:Mark R. Beissinger
725:
641:Crimean parliament
618:protests broke out
612:Post-2000 tensions
609:
603:Russian President
528:Russian naval base
520:
513:anti-NATO protests
386:
344:Republic of Crimea
254:Republic of Crimea
245:Republic of Crimea
233:Republic of Crimea
162:
107:Republic of Crimea
1854:History of Crimea
1773:. 28 August 2009.
1510:on March 11, 2007
1480:on March 10, 2007
1455:978-0-8020-8390-6
1162:978-1-85065-206-9
1040:10.1080/714004750
893:978-0-8020-9327-1
876:978-0-253-32917-2
851:978-0-521-00148-9
766:Viktor Yanukovych
655:Russian passports
651:Volodymyr Ohryzko
637:military exercise
581:Mustafa Dzhemilev
336:Anatoliy Franchuk
173:, Crimea being a
135:Viktor Yanukovych
103:Crimean peninsula
88:
87:
80:
16:(Redirected from
1866:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1818:
1812:
1801:
1792:
1788:Interfax Ukraine
1780:
1774:
1764:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1702:
1696:
1683:
1677:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1657:Associated Press
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1587:The Times Online
1577:
1571:
1570:, April 27, 2010
1559:
1553:
1552:. 27 April 2010.
1542:
1536:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1443:
1430:
1421:
1411:
1405:
1391:
1382:
1381:, June 15, 1992.
1370:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1343:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1316:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1144:
1135:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1051:
1023:
1017:
997:
988:
981:
972:
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
919:
913:
905:
896:
860:
854:
832:
826:
805:
799:
798:
796:
794:
782:
744:Party of Regions
547:Volodymyr Lytvyn
542:until 2042. The
401:established the
380:Interior of the
297:Russian tricolor
211:New Union Treaty
199:New Union Treaty
165:Fall of the USSR
121:partitioned the
83:
76:
72:
69:
63:
37:
36:
29:
21:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1828:. 19 March 2014
1820:
1819:
1815:
1802:
1795:
1781:
1777:
1765:
1761:
1749:
1745:
1733:Wayback Machine
1722:
1719:
1715:
1703:
1699:
1684:
1680:
1668:
1664:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1594:on May 23, 2011
1579:
1578:
1574:
1560:
1556:
1543:
1539:
1535:, 27 April 2010
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1434:Subtelny, Orest
1432:
1431:
1424:
1412:
1408:
1403:Wayback Machine
1392:
1385:
1371:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1281:Laws of Ukraine
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1113:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1053:
1052:
1025:
1024:
1020:
998:
991:
982:
975:
966:
962:
952:
950:
921:
920:
916:
911:
906:
899:
879:
866:by Pål Kolstø,
861:
857:
833:
829:
806:
802:
792:
790:
784:
783:
779:
774:
614:
565:
559:
463:Black Sea Fleet
426:to suspend the
395:Black Sea Fleet
391:
389:Black Sea Fleet
359:Leonid Kravchuk
312:
270:Kyiv government
241:
235:
167:
111:1991 referendum
84:
73:
67:
64:
53:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1813:
1793:
1775:
1759:
1743:
1713:
1697:
1678:
1662:
1637:
1605:
1572:
1554:
1537:
1521:
1491:
1461:
1454:
1422:
1406:
1383:
1365:
1344:
1327:
1324:on 2012-06-25.
1300:
1273:
1247:
1220:
1213:
1195:
1192:on 2012-06-25.
1168:
1161:
1136:
1104:
1073:
1062:(2): 111–130.
1018:
989:
973:
960:
934:(4): 427–444.
914:
897:
855:
827:
800:
776:
775:
773:
770:
755:Verkhovna Rada
613:
610:
605:Vladimir Putin
561:Main article:
558:
555:
524:Verkhovna Rada
492:. Because the
445:adopted a new
424:Verkhovna Rada
390:
387:
357:and Ukraine's
340:Verkhovna Rada
311:
308:
295:mimicking the
237:Main article:
234:
231:
207:Crimean Oblast
175:Crimean Oblast
166:
163:
150:Cape of Sarych
100:ethnic Russian
86:
85:
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1871:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:Radio Ukraine
1734:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1214:9780820337371
1210:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
986:
980:
978:
974:
970:
964:
961:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
918:
915:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
828:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
801:
788:
781:
778:
771:
769:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
736:last election
732:
730:
729:Sergei Tsekov
721:
717:
715:
714:Ukrainian SSR
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
649:
644:
642:
638:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
611:
606:
601:
597:
595:
591:
590:Mykola Bahrov
586:
585:Yuriy Osmanov
582:
578:
574:
569:
564:
556:
554:
552:
548:
545:
541:
537:
534:that extends
533:
529:
525:
522:Chaos in the
518:
514:
509:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
448:
444:
439:
437:
432:
429:
425:
421:
416:
412:
406:
404:
400:
399:Yuriy Meshkov
396:
388:
384:, near Yalta.
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Boris Yeltsin
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
317:
309:
307:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:Yuriy Meshkov
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
261:
259:
255:
251:
246:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
164:
159:
155:
151:
146:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
98:the majority
97:
93:
82:
79:
71:
61:
57:
51:
50:
46:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1830:. Retrieved
1825:
1816:
1808:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1746:
1736:
1716:
1700:
1690:
1681:
1665:
1650:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:the original
1617:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:the original
1585:
1575:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1514:February 24,
1512:. Retrieved
1508:the original
1503:
1494:
1484:February 24,
1482:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1474:Zakryta Zona
1473:
1464:
1439:
1417:
1409:
1376:
1368:
1359:
1339:
1330:
1319:the original
1310:
1303:
1288:
1276:
1266:18 September
1264:. Retrieved
1250:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1204:
1198:
1187:the original
1178:
1171:
1152:
1119:
1095:. Retrieved
1089:
1059:
1055:
1034:(2): 65–88.
1031:
1027:
1021:
1000:
984:
968:
963:
951:. Retrieved
931:
927:
917:
907:
858:
830:
803:
791:. Retrieved
780:
763:
748:
733:
726:
710:Russian SFSR
707:
680:
678:
659:
645:
622:U.S. Marines
615:
570:
566:
521:
502:Russian Army
494:Russian Navy
483:
475:Kharkiv Pact
452:
447:Constitution
441:In 1996 the
440:
433:
407:
392:
352:
333:
313:
301:
278:
262:
242:
223:Union Treaty
195:Soviet Union
185:. In 1990
168:
158:Russian Navy
89:
74:
65:
43:
26:
1685:Leon Aron,
1297:(Ukrainian)
793:11 December
490:Cape Sarych
479:natural gas
469:. Both the
131:impeachment
1848:Categories
1236:(2): 117.
1133:0253329175
1115:Pål Kolstø
1014:1857431871
895:(page 184)
878:(page 191)
853:(page 197)
824:0253329175
812:Pål Kolstø
772:References
670:Sevastopol
551:State Duma
540:Sevastopol
532:the treaty
498:Sevastopol
486:lighthouse
420:Sevastopol
415:Sevastopol
304:Sevastopol
293:a new flag
266:until 1994
227:referendum
109:, after a
45:neutrality
1630:March 25,
1598:March 25,
1567:Kyiv Post
1550:The Hindu
1048:153334776
1006:Routledge
987:. p. 174.
626:Feodosiya
616:In 2006,
553:as well.
517:Feodosiya
511:The 2006
411:Yedinstvo
373:navies.
371:Ukrainian
281:President
193:from the
169:With the
154:Black Sea
141:in 2014.
90:With the
68:June 2024
56:talk page
1832:20 March
1826:BBC News
1729:Archived
1619:EuroNews
1533:BBC News
1436:(2000).
1418:BBC News
1399:Archived
1289:93/95-вр
1117:(1995),
1097:27 March
1016:, p. 540
1008:, 2003,
971:, p. 107
948:45302046
887:, 2008,
870:, 1995,
845:, 2002,
818:, 1995,
703:Ossetian
693:and the
187:at first
127:extended
49:disputed
738:of the
712:to the
630:Ukraine
367:Russian
346:to the
285:elected
205:in the
183:Ukraine
177:of the
1504:CPCFPU
1452:
1211:
1159:
1131:
1046:
1012:
953:4 July
946:
891:
874:
849:
822:
674:Russia
662:Moscow
577:Mejlis
536:Russia
459:Moscow
329:Moscow
321:Russia
119:treaty
1806:, in
1755:UNIAN
1709:UNIAN
1674:UNIAN
1360:LB.ua
1322:(PDF)
1315:(PDF)
1260:(PDF)
1190:(PDF)
1183:(PDF)
1044:S2CID
944:JSTOR
666:Mayor
467:lease
1834:2014
1632:2007
1600:2007
1516:2007
1486:2007
1450:ISBN
1378:Time
1287:No.
1268:2022
1209:ISBN
1157:ISBN
1129:ISBN
1099:2015
1010:ISBN
955:2022
889:ISBN
872:ISBN
847:ISBN
820:ISBN
795:2022
734:The
687:coup
634:NATO
369:and
94:and
42:The
1238:doi
1064:doi
1036:doi
936:doi
837:by
810:by
668:of
515:in
488:on
331:.
1850::
1824:.
1796:^
1785:,
1769:.
1753:,
1735:,
1727:,
1707:,
1689:,
1672:,
1655:.
1649:.
1616:.
1584:.
1564:,
1548:.
1531:.
1502:.
1472:.
1448:.
1444:.
1425:^
1416:,
1397:,
1386:^
1375:,
1358:.
1347:^
1338:.
1291::
1283:.
1234:10
1232:.
1151:.
1139:^
1127:,
1123:,
1107:^
1088:.
1076:^
1060:10
1058:.
1042:.
1032:12
1030:.
1004:,
992:^
976:^
942:.
932:30
930:.
926:.
900:^
841:,
814:,
746:.
676:.
579:,
481:.
137:,
1836:.
1725:"
1723:'
1659:.
1634:.
1602:.
1518:.
1488:.
1458:.
1342:.
1270:.
1244:.
1240::
1217:.
1165:.
1101:.
1070:.
1066::
1050:.
1038::
957:.
938::
797:.
632:–
160:.
81:)
75:(
70:)
66:(
62:.
52:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
