Knowledge (XXG)

Horned Serpent

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in the seventh spot from the head, because under this spot are its heart and its life. The blazing diamond is called Ulun'suti—"Transparent"—and he who can win it may become the greatest wonder worker of the tribe. But it is worth a man's life to attempt it, for whoever is seen by the Uktena is so dazed by the bright light that he runs toward the snake instead of trying to escape. As if this were not enough, the breath of the Uktena is so pestilential, that no living creature can survive should they inhale the tiniest bit of the foul air expelled by the Uktena. Even to see the Uktena asleep is death, not to the hunter himself, but to his family.
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Those who know say the Uktena is a great snake, as large around as a tree trunk, with horns on its head, and a bright blazing crest like a diamond on its forehead, and scales glowing like sparks of fire. It has rings or spots of color along its whole length, and can not be wounded except by shooting
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made effigies of the Horned Serpent as recently as 1905. An effigy was fashioned from stuffed deerhide, painted blue, with the antlers painted yellow. The Yuchi Big Turtle Dance honors the Horned Serpent's spirit, which was related to storms, thunder, lightning, disease, and rainbows.
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Other deities occasionally accompanied by ram-horned serpents include "Celtic Mars" and "Celtic Mercury". The horned snake, and also conventional snakes, appear together with the solar wheel, apparently as attributes of the sun or sky god.
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Celtic Mars: carving at the curative sanctuary at Mavilly (Cote d'Ôr). Celtic Mercury: carving at Beauvais (Oise) and NĂ©ris-les-Bains (Allier). Association with the solar wheel: Gundestrup cauldron, altar at Lypiatt
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depict Cernunnos' body encircled by two horned snakes which feed from bowls of fruit and corn-mash balanced in the god's lap. Also at Sommerécourt is a sculpture of a goddess holding a
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According to Miranda Green, the snakes reflect the peaceful nature of the god, associated with nature and fruitfulness, and perhaps accentuate his association with regeneration.
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Variations on the horned serpent appear throughout the folklores of Northern and Central Europe. For example, there are the many incarnations of the
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described it as hunting by burying itself in sand while leaving its horns visible, and attacking creatures that came to investigate them.
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or "crawfish snake", which they divide into four classifications based on its horns' colors, which can be blue, red, white, or yellow.
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The ram-horned serpent was a cult image found in north-west Europe before and during the Roman period. It appears three times on the
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destroyed them, except for small species like snakes and lizards. This belief may have been inspired by finds of
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is sometimes depicted as a serpent with horns. In other depictions, he is shown as human but is accompanied by
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A digital illustration of Horned Serpent by the artist Herb Roe. Based on an engraved shell cup in the
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a carved youth has a ram-horned snake twined around his legs, with its head at his stomach. In a
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fossils in Sioux tribal territory. The Thunderbird may have been inspired partly by finds of
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and a pomegranate, with a horned serpent eating from a bowl of food. At
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Legendary creatures of the indigenous peoples of North America
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The Horned Serpent design is a common theme on pottery from
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Mythological serpent found in the mythology of many cultures
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Rock art depicting a Horned Serpent, at Pony Hills and
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The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly
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Relief of Cernunnos with two ram-horned snakes in the
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appears in the mythologies of many cultures including
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Among Cherokee people, a Horned Serpent is called an
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traditions include a Horned Serpent and a Tie-Snake,
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of the American Southwest, a living "horned serpent"
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(2004). 3146: 3132: 3124: 2779: 2597: 1459: 1413: 1399: 1391: 1073: 1059: 1051: 3654:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park 1012:The Cincinnati Tablet: An Interpretation 974:Eden's Serpent: Its Mesopotamian Origins 539:The cerastes is a creature described in 717: 1041:Lakota creation myth involving Unktehi 857: 855: 845: 843: 427:, holding a ram-horned serpent and a 7: 4125:Norse colonization of North America 1228:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers 726:"Horned serpent, feathered serpent" 581:). Ningishzida shares the epithet, 1429:Mississippian and related cultures 1029:Horned serpent, feathered serpent. 879:Morell, Virginia (December 2005). 25: 1337:Anishinabek Educational Institute 781:Ancient Objects and Sacred Realms 543:as a snake with either two large 1422: 1010:Willoughby, Charles C. (1936). " 4145:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex 3063:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex 906:Animals in Celtic Life and Myth 79:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex 1445:Timeline of Mississippi valley 678:Kitchi-at'Husis and Weewilmekq 505:In Northern and Central Europe 216:Moundville Archaeological Site 121:Horned serpents appear in the 81:of North American prehistory. 1: 2645:Grand Village of the Illinois 1188:Mishi-ginebig ("great snake") 750:Townsend, Richard F. (2004). 111:Engraved shell cup number 229 4227:Cherokee legendary creatures 4110:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing 4060:Eastern Agricultural Complex 2422:Grand Village of the Natchez 1347:Canadian residential schools 1046:The Uktena And The UlûñsĂ»'tĂŻ 129:cultures, especially in the 4232:Abenaki legendary creatures 3494:Bandelier National Monument 3368:List of Mississippian sites 3155:Pre-Columbian North America 1440:List of Mississippian sites 559:In Mesopotamian mythology, 423:, commonly identified with 85:In Native American cultures 4273: 3914:West Oak Forest Earthlodge 3519:The Bluff Point Stoneworks 3228:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) 532: 419:The antlered deity of the 197:, describes the creature: 29:Uktena (World of Darkness) 26: 4183: 4155:Three Sisters agriculture 3161: 3090: 1435: 1352:Hannahville Indian School 785:University of Texas Press 752:Hero, Hawk, and Open Hand 620:Feathered Serpent (deity) 462:and a stone sculpture at 214:sandstone plate from the 4222:Cree legendary creatures 3694:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site 3253:Buttermilk Creek complex 2357:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery 1362:U.S. residential schools 1342:Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School 821:Southeastern Archaeology 577:(three horned snakes in 175:call the Horned Serpent 3894:Town Creek Indian Mound 3864:Sierra de San Francisco 3719:Meadowcroft Rockshelter 2987:Ballgame (Southeastern) 2883:Long-nosed god maskette 2763:SunWatch Indian Village 2710:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs 2571:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village 980:. pp. 63, line 10. 149:Muscogee Creek language 71:Native American peoples 4257:North American dragons 3549:Coso Rock Art District 3436:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek 3339:List of Hopewell sites 2738:Alligator Effigy Mound 2352:Hickory Ridge Cemetery 2304:Leon-Jefferson culture 1700:Caborn-Welborn culture 1158:Grand Medicine Society 672:Sidewinder rattlesnake 494: 432: 218: 204: 131:Southeastern Woodlands 118: 98: 75:Near Eastern mythology 62: 53:A Horned Serpent in a 46: 4252:Mythological monsters 4217:Anishinaabe mythology 3957:Arlington Springs Man 3799:Portsmouth Earthworks 1467:and Upper Mississippi 756:Yale University Press 488: 418: 411:In Celtic iconography 209: 199: 104: 92: 52: 40: 4247:Mythological hybrids 4165:Transoceanic contact 4055:Container Revolution 3629:Gila Cliff Dwellings 3594:Etowah Indian Mounds 3026:Earth/fertility cult 2730:Fort Ancient culture 1614:Dogtooth Bend Mounds 1600:Lower Ohio River and 1586:Steed-Kisker culture 1218:Seven fires prophecy 401:Outside the Americas 57:pictograph, Western 55:Barrier Canyon Style 4085:Green Corn Ceremony 3899:Turkey River Mounds 3689:Lake Jackson Mounds 3509:Blue Spring Shelter 3031:Green Corn Ceremony 2591:Upper Mississippian 2541:Blue Spring Shelter 2261:Fort Walton culture 1715:Hovey Lake District 1238:Traditional beliefs 886:National Geographic 449:carved on the rocks 437:Gundestrup cauldron 421:Gundestrup cauldron 4242:Legendary serpents 4170:Underwater panther 3844:Rosenstock Village 3714:Marmes Rockshelter 3699:L'Anse aux Meadows 3113:de Soto Expedition 3078:Underwater panther 2924:Central Algonquian 2635:Fisher Mound Group 2279:Apalachee Province 2246:Waddells Mill Pond 1271:Birch bark scrolls 1243:Underwater panther 1034:2006-04-06 at the 911:(Gloucestershire). 707:Prehistoric snakes 655:Python (mythology) 579:Akkadian mythology 549:Isidore of Seville 495: 472:Yzeures-sur-Creuse 458:A bronze image at 447:and a serpent was 433: 219: 119: 99: 63: 47: 4204: 4203: 4196:Pre-Columbian era 3997:Spirit Cave mummy 3794:Plum Bayou Mounds 3704:Lynch Quarry Site 3223:Ancient Beringian 3121: 3120: 3086: 3085: 2771: 2770: 2387:Atchafalaya Basin 2329:Pensacola culture 2294:Fort Walton Mound 2186:Punk Rock Shelter 2146:Mouse Creek phase 1969:South Appalachian 1963: 1962: 1842:Central and Lower 1783:Castalian Springs 1773:Brentwood Library 1673:Middle Ohio River 1526:Emerald Acropolis 1388: 1387: 1005:978-0-8130-2451-6 953:Medieval Bestiary 908:. pp. 227–8. 827:(1). Allen Press. 798:978-0-292-71347-5 251:Other known names 193:. Anthropologist 16:(Redirected from 4264: 4140:Projectile point 3977:Leanderthal Lady 3904:Upward Sun River 3879:Stallings Island 3869:Shell ring sites 3819:Recapture Canyon 3734:Moorehead Circle 3579:El Fin del Mundo 3564:Cueva de la Olla 3370: 3357:Maritime Archaic 3341: 3171: 3148: 3141: 3134: 3125: 2888:Mill Creek chert 2878:Duck River cache 2780: 2598: 2362:Pensacola people 2156:Muscogee (Creek) 1996:Bell Field Mound 1710:Hovey Lake-Klein 1664:Wickliffe Mounds 1639:Rowlandton Mound 1556:Lunsford-Pulcher 1460: 1427: 1426: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1392: 1304:Birchbark biting 1115:myth and stories 1075: 1068: 1061: 1052: 1018:Vol. 45:257–264. 993:Grantham, Bill. 982: 981: 970: 964: 963: 961: 960: 945: 939: 938: 936: 935: 918: 912: 909: 904:Green, Miranda. 901: 890: 877: 871: 868: 862: 859: 850: 847: 838: 835: 829: 828: 818: 809: 803: 802: 776: 770: 769: 747: 741: 740: 738: 737: 728:. Archived from 722: 460:Étang-sur-Arroux 375:("white snake")— 325:("great snake")— 316:("great snake")— 307:("great snake")— 298:("great snake")— 289:("great snake")— 261:— Kwakwaka'wakw 210:Tie-snakes on a 73:, European, and 59:San Rafael Swell 21: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4191:Genetic history 4179: 4033:Ceremonial pipe 4006: 3987:Minnesota Woman 3944: 3938: 3759:Ocmulgee Mounds 3739:Morrison Mounds 3684:Kolomoki Mounds 3674:Kimball Village 3534:Candelaria Cave 3476: 3470: 3451:Suwannee Valley 3386:Old Cordilleran 3366: 3337: 3205: 3199: 3165: 3157: 3152: 3122: 3117: 3103:Clarksdale bell 3082: 3068:Stone box grave 3009:Ceremonial pipe 2975: 2934:Mobilian Jargon 2907: 2839: 2767: 2724: 2592: 2585: 2522: 2515: 2373: 2366: 2323: 2255: 2201:Rucker's Bottom 1991:Beaverdam Creek 1971: 1959: 1843: 1837: 1798:Hiwassee Island 1755: 1749: 1740:Welborn Village 1668: 1629:Millstone Bluff 1602:Confluence area 1601: 1595: 1591:Sugarloaf Mound 1531:Emmons Cemetery 1466: 1464:American Bottom 1455: 1449: 1431: 1421: 1419: 1389: 1384: 1366: 1323: 1290: 1252: 1105: 1087: 1079: 1036:Wayback Machine 1025: 990: 985: 978:Walter Mattfeld 972: 971: 967: 958: 956: 947: 946: 942: 933: 931: 920: 919: 915: 903: 902: 893: 878: 874: 869: 865: 860: 853: 848: 841: 836: 832: 816: 811: 810: 806: 799: 778: 777: 773: 766: 749: 748: 744: 735: 733: 724: 723: 719: 715: 697:Alton, Illinois 591: 557: 541:Greek mythology 537: 531: 515:LagarfljĂłt Worm 507: 491:Corinium Museum 478:at a museum in 413: 408: 403: 340:("holy snake")— 253: 161:John R. 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3059: 3058: 3056:Village bundle 3048: 3043: 3041:Platform mound 3038: 3036:Horned Serpent 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2905: 2903:Stone statuary 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2853: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2786: 2784: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2753:Leo Petroglyph 2750: 2745: 2740: 2734: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2690:Moccasin Bluff 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2640:Gentleman Farm 2637: 2632: 2627: 2625:Carcajou Point 2622: 2617: 2612: 2606: 2604: 2595: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2556:Caddoan Mounds 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2527: 2525: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2378: 2376: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2342:Dauphin Island 2339: 2333: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2265: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2016:Bussell Island 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1914: 1913: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1768:Beasley Mounds 1765: 1759: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1619:Kincaid Mounds 1616: 1611: 1605: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1536:Horseshoe Lake 1533: 1528: 1523: 1521:Dickson Mounds 1518: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1468: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1395: 1386: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1376: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1333: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1281:Ottawa dialect 1278: 1273: 1268: 1262: 1260: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1183:Medicine wheel 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1153:Gitche Manitou 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1119: 1117: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1097: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1080: 1078: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1024: 1023:External links 1021: 1020: 1019: 1008: 989: 986: 984: 983: 965: 940: 913: 891: 889:, pages 74–75. 881:"Sea Monsters" 872: 863: 851: 839: 830: 804: 797: 771: 764: 742: 716: 714: 711: 710: 709: 704: 699: 690: 685: 680: 675: 669: 664: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 630:Lernaean Hydra 627: 622: 617: 612: 610:Chinese dragon 607: 602: 597: 590: 587: 556: 555:In Mesopotamia 553: 533:Main article: 530: 527: 519:Storsjöodjuret 506: 503: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 398: 397: 388: 379: 370: 355: 346: 329: 320: 311: 302: 293: 284: 273: 262: 252: 249: 173:Alabama people 141:Muscogee Creek 86: 83: 67:Horned Serpent 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4269: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4075:Falcon dancer 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011:Miscellaneous 4009: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3982:Melbourne Man 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3972:La Brea Woman 3970: 3968: 3967:Kennewick Man 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3859:Serpent Mound 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3809:Pueblo Bonito 3807: 3805: 3804:Poverty Point 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3789:Pinson Mounds 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3779:Painted Bluff 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3659:Horr's Island 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3589:Effigy Mounds 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3554:Crystal River 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3466:Weeden Island 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3431:Safety Harbor 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3421:Poverty Point 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3401:Paleo-Indians 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3362:Mississippian 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3137: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3051:Sacred bundle 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2871:Wulfing cache 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2857: 2856:Copper plates 2854: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2830:Three Sisters 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2800:Little barley 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2758:Serpent Mound 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2720:Summer Island 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2523:Mississippian 2518: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2374:Mississippian 2369: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2289:Corbin–Tucker 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2196:Roods Landing 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2136:Moccasin Bend 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2066:Hoojah Branch 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1973:Mississippian 1970: 1966: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1896:Menard-Hodges 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1833:Swallow Bluff 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1754:Tennessee and 1752: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1624:Marshall Site 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1456:Mississippian 1452: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1233:Turtle Island 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1173:Little people 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1002: 998: 997: 992: 991: 987: 979: 975: 969: 966: 954: 950: 944: 941: 929: 928: 923: 917: 914: 907: 900: 898: 896: 892: 888: 887: 882: 876: 873: 867: 864: 858: 856: 852: 846: 844: 840: 837:Grantham 24-5 834: 831: 826: 822: 815: 808: 805: 800: 794: 790: 786: 782: 775: 772: 767: 765:0-300-10601-7 761: 757: 753: 746: 743: 732:on 2006-04-06 731: 727: 721: 718: 712: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 662: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 588: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 567: 562: 554: 552: 550: 546: 542: 536: 528: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 504: 502: 498: 492: 487: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 430: 426: 422: 417: 410: 405: 400: 396: 392: 389: 387: 383: 380: 378: 374: 371: 369: 365: 364: 359: 356: 354: 350: 349:Sinti Lapitta 347: 345: 343: 339: 337: 335: 330: 328: 324: 321: 319: 315: 314:Mishi-ginebig 312: 310: 306: 303: 301: 297: 296:Msi-kinepikwa 294: 292: 288: 287:Misi-kinepikw 285: 283: 279: 278: 274: 272: 268: 267: 263: 260: 259: 255: 254: 250: 248: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 229: 224: 221:According to 217: 213: 212:Mississippian 208: 203: 198: 196: 192: 187: 184: 180: 178: 177:tcinto sĂ„ktco 174: 170: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157:chitto gab-by 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 136: 132: 128: 124: 116: 112: 108: 107:Craig B style 103: 96: 91: 84: 82: 80: 76: 72: 68: 60: 56: 51: 44: 43:Casas Grandes 39: 30: 19: 4175:Water glyphs 4130:Oasisamerica 4120:N.A.G.P.R.A. 4089: 4080:Folsom point 4070:Effigy mound 4050:Clovis point 4018:Aridoamerica 3919:Wickiup Hill 3874:Spiro Mounds 3854:Salmon Ruins 3849:Russell Cave 3644:Helen Blazes 3639:Grimes Point 3619:Fort Juelson 3609:Fort Ancient 3584:El Vallecito 3544:Chaco Canyon 3484:Angel Mounds 3446:Steed-Kisker 3396:Paleo-Arctic 3318:Glacial Kame 3303:Fort Ancient 3195:Post-Classic 3166: 3098:Chevron bead 3035: 3004:Burial mound 2898:Shell gorget 2866:Spiro plates 2861:Rogan plates 2680:Knoll Spring 2655:Hartley Fort 2615:Beattie Park 2499:Transylvania 2337:Bottle Creek 2299:Lake Jackson 2181:Pisgah phase 2111:Little Egypt 2061:Garden Creek 2046:Dallas phase 1933:Tipton phase 1911:Nodena phase 1808:Mound Bottom 1793:Fewkes Group 1778:Brick Church 1680:Angel Mounds 1546:Kuhn Station 1541:John Chapman 1187: 1168:Jingle dress 1163:Jiibayaabooz 1138:Dreamcatcher 1015: 995: 973: 968: 957:. Retrieved 955:. 2011-01-15 952: 943: 932:. Retrieved 930:. 1999-08-29 927:Deseret News 925: 916: 905: 884: 875: 866: 833: 824: 820: 807: 780: 774: 751: 745: 734:. Retrieved 730:the original 720: 688:Horned deity 667:Quetzalcoatl 659: 615:Coi Coi-Vilu 582: 564: 558: 538: 508: 499: 496: 464:SommerĂ©court 457: 453:Val Camonica 434: 390: 381: 373:ʔU·lahkaha·p 372: 361: 357: 348: 344: 338: 333: 331: 322: 313: 305:Misi-ginebig 304: 295: 286: 277:Djodi'kwado' 275: 264: 256: 237:Thunderbirds 232: 226: 225:belief, the 220: 200: 195:James Mooney 190: 188: 183:Yuchi people 181: 176: 171: 164: 156: 144: 139: 125:of numerous 123:oral history 120: 110: 109:(designated 106: 97:, New Mexico 66: 64: 4160:Thunderbird 4028:Black drink 3992:Peñon woman 3929:Winterville 3909:Velda Mound 3889:Taos Pueblo 3784:Parkin Park 3769:Orwell site 3754:Nodena site 3649:Holly Bluff 3624:Four Mounds 3614:Fort Center 3539:Casa Grande 3489:Anzick site 3381:Monongahela 3308:Fort Walton 3283:Coles Creek 3248:Belle Glade 3233:Anishinaabe 3073:Thunderbird 2999:Black drink 2851:Emmons mask 2795:Chenopodium 2783:Agriculture 2705:Plum Island 2660:Hotel Plaza 2509:Winterville 2489:Scott Place 2427:Holly Bluff 2347:Fort Walton 2101:Lamar phase 1955:Walls phase 1851:Belle Meade 1844:Mississippi 1788:Dunbar Cave 1690:Annis Mound 1685:Angel phase 1659:Ware Mounds 1654:Twin Mounds 1504:Ramey state 1489:Monks Mound 1314:Ribbon work 1193:Mudjekeewis 1148:Elbow witch 1101:Clan system 1082:Anishinaabe 870:Grantham 26 861:Grantham 25 849:Grantham 52 787:. pp.  650:Ophiotaurus 561:Ningishzida 480:Cirencester 336:shtahollo' 247:skeletons. 166:Rhus glabra 145:estakwvnayv 135:Great Lakes 117:, Oklahoma. 95:Cook's Peak 4211:Categories 4105:Metallurgy 4065:Eden point 3962:Buhl Woman 3834:Rock Eagle 3824:River Styx 3749:Mummy Cave 3744:Moundville 3724:Mesa Verde 3709:Marksville 3456:Tchefuncte 3416:Plaquemine 3352:Las Palmas 3268:Calf Creek 3263:Cades Pond 2810:Marshelder 2695:Oak Forest 2665:Hoxie Farm 2479:Pocahontas 2372:Plaquemine 2309:Letchworth 2241:Town Creek 2176:Park Mound 2141:Moundville 2126:Mandeville 2116:Long Swamp 2076:Jere Shine 1928:Quigualtam 1876:Chucalissa 1763:Backusburg 1756:Cumberland 1745:Yankeetown 1730:Slack Farm 1705:Ellerbusch 1609:Adams site 1516:Cloverdale 1286:Potawatomi 1266:Algonquian 1143:Drumkeeper 1133:Deer Woman 988:References 959:2018-01-04 949:"Cerastes" 934:2021-12-24 736:2006-04-07 683:Tciptckaam 468:cornucopia 4150:Stickball 3839:Rock Hawk 3669:Key Marco 3461:Troyville 3441:St. Johns 3426:Red Ocher 3185:Formative 2939:Muskogean 2912:Languages 2825:Sunflower 2685:Mero site 2620:Blood Run 2274:Apalachee 2221:Summerour 2161:Nacoochee 1918:Owl Creek 1813:Riverview 1803:Link Farm 1695:Bone Bank 1649:Turk Site 1644:Towosahgy 1509:Woodhenge 1329:Education 1309:Quillwork 1258:Languages 1223:Shingebis 1213:Pukwudgie 1198:Nanabozho 661:Titanoboa 441:Cernunnos 425:Cernunnos 406:In Europe 391:mazacoatl 363:Unktehila 342:Chickasaw 245:pterosaur 228:Unhcegila 45:(PaquimĂ©) 4038:Chanunpa 4023:Ballgame 4002:Vero man 3952:Anzick-1 3924:Windover 3884:SunWatch 3814:Rassawek 3634:Glenwood 3524:Brewster 3376:Mogollon 3347:La Jolla 3333:Hopewell 3293:Deptford 3206:cultures 3046:Red Horn 3014:Chanunpa 2992:Northern 2980:Religion 2961:Timucuan 2929:Cherokee 2715:Schwerdt 2675:Juntunen 2650:Griesmer 2593:cultures 2546:Bluffton 2432:Jaketown 2397:Fitzhugh 2251:Wilbanks 2231:Tomotley 2206:Savannah 2171:Ocmulgee 2151:Mulberry 2086:Joe Bell 2006:Biltmore 2001:Bessemer 1866:Campbell 1828:Old Town 1634:Orr-Herl 1571:Orendorf 1566:Mitchell 1499:Mound 72 1494:Mound 34 1479:Big Eddy 1111:Religion 1032:Archived 702:Sea goat 635:Lindworm 625:Kukulcan 600:Basilisk 589:See also 583:ushumgal 575:ushumgal 571:mushussu 535:Cerastes 523:basilisk 511:Lindworm 386:Cherokee 323:Gitaskog 309:Oji-Cree 282:Iroquois 241:dinosaur 233:ĆČȟcéǧila 4187:Related 4045:Chunkey 3945:remains 3934:Wupatki 3774:Paquime 3664:HuĂĄpoca 3529:Cahokia 3499:Bastian 3406:Patayan 3328:Hohokam 3313:Fremont 3288:ComondĂș 3243:Baytown 3238:Avonlea 3218:Alachua 3190:Classic 3180:Archaic 3168:Periods 3021:Chunkey 2966:Tunican 2944:Natchez 2919:Caddoan 2893:Pottery 2844:Artwork 2835:Tobacco 2815:Pumpkin 2776:Culture 2630:Fifield 2561:Gahagan 2536:Belcher 2521:Caddoan 2504:Venable 2467:Natchez 2452:Mazique 2407:Fosters 2402:Flowery 2392:Emerald 2269:Anhaica 2226:Taskigi 2191:Rembert 2166:Nikwasi 2131:McMahan 2106:Liddell 1981:Adamson 1891:Janet's 1881:Denmark 1856:Boone's 1818:Sellars 1725:Prather 1484:Cahokia 1474:Aztalan 1372:Housing 1248:Wendigo 1203:Nokomis 1178:Manitou 1123:Aayaase 1085:culture 395:Nahuatl 377:Natchez 358:Unktehi 353:Choctaw 327:Abenaki 300:Shawnee 258:Sisiutl 147:in the 113:) from 3604:Folsom 3569:Cutler 3504:Benson 3391:Oneota 3323:Glades 3298:Folsom 3278:Clovis 3175:Lithic 2956:Siouan 2949:Taensa 2820:Squash 2743:Clover 2602:Oneota 2576:Keller 2566:Hughes 2531:Battle 2472:Taensa 2457:Medora 2447:Mangum 2442:Julice 2437:Jordan 2284:Cayson 2216:Sixtoe 2211:Shiloh 2121:Mabila 2056:Etowah 2036:Citico 2026:Chiaha 2021:Chauga 1938:Tunica 1923:Parkin 1906:Nodena 1901:Murphy 1871:Carson 1720:Murphy 1576:Sleeth 1561:McCune 1551:Larson 1454:Middle 1380:Wigwam 1319:Wampum 1276:Ojibwe 1208:Powwow 1128:Baykok 1093:Family 1003:  795:  762:  695:Bird, 595:Avanyu 573:, and 566:bashmu 476:relief 382:Uktena 368:Dakota 318:Ojibwe 266:Awanyu 191:uktena 18:Uktena 4135:Piasa 3943:Human 3574:Eaker 3477:sites 3411:Plano 3213:Adena 2971:Yuchi 2805:Maize 2790:Beans 2748:Dodge 2700:Palos 2670:Huber 2610:Anker 2581:Spiro 2551:Caddo 2484:Routh 2417:Glass 2412:Ghost 2314:Velda 2236:Toqua 2096:Lamar 2081:Joara 2071:Irene 2041:Coosa 2031:Chota 2011:Blair 1986:Avery 1948:Yazoo 1943:Koroa 1886:Eaker 1823:Obion 1581:Starr 817:(PDF) 789:29–34 713:Notes 693:Piasa 640:Moñåi 605:Amaru 529:Greek 445:torcs 223:Sioux 115:Spiro 4095:Kiva 2494:Sims 2462:Mott 2382:Anna 2091:King 2051:Dyar 1861:Boyd 1735:Tolu 1001:ISBN 793:ISBN 760:ISBN 645:Nāga 429:torc 291:Cree 271:Tewa 133:and 65:The 3599:Eva 2319:Yon 1296:Art 1014:". 545:ram 451:in 360:or 4213:: 1113:, 976:. 951:. 924:. 894:^ 883:. 854:^ 842:^ 823:. 819:. 791:. 783:. 758:. 754:. 569:, 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Index

Uktena
Uktena (World of Darkness)

Casas Grandes

Barrier Canyon Style
San Rafael Swell
Native American peoples
Near Eastern mythology
Southeastern Ceremonial Complex

Cook's Peak

Spiro
oral history
Native American
Southeastern Woodlands
Great Lakes
Muscogee Creek
Muscogee Creek language
Muscogee people
John R. Swanton
Rhus glabra
Alabama people
Yuchi people
James Mooney

Mississippian
Moundville Archaeological Site
Sioux

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