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The object of the game is to keep the ball in play and in-bounds. Depending on the score and the local variant of the rules, the ball is played either high or low. A team scores a point when a player of the opposing team hits the ball out of turn, misses the ball, knocks the ball
269:
The first team that scores eight points wins. If both teams end up having the same number of points after a turn, both sides begin again from zero. One record-setting game reportedly lasted for eight days. Most modern games are stopped after about two hours.
266:, touches the ball with any part of the body aside from the hip, accidentally touches a teammate, lets the ball stop moving before it reaches the center line, or even if they fail to announce the score after they have scored a point.
239:
or hip ulama. A hip ulama team consists of five or more players (but there could be as many as twelve) wearing loincloths, with leather hip pads for some protection against the heavy (3-4 kg, around 7-9 lb) rubber
246:
or forearm ulama. Played on a smaller field, with teams of one to three players and a ball lighter than that of hip ulama, the games require the players to return the ball using their wrapped forearm. Women often play this
316:(Mesoamerican Ballgame Association) or AJUPEME, which is a non-profit ulama sports association founded by Armando Uscanga and Reyna Puc. The organization has two branches in each of the respective countries:
229:
used to keep score) are gained in play. The scoring system provides for resetting the score to zero under certain conditions, which can make for lengthy games.
149:. Archaeologists have uncovered rubber balls dating to at least 1600 BC, ballgamer figures from at least 1200 BC, and nearly 1500 ancient ball courts.
751:
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257:, in which a heavy (6–7 kg or 13-15 lb) two-handed wooden paddle strikes a 500g (1 lb) ball, usually in teams of three or four.
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64:, the game is regarded as one of the oldest continuously played sports in the world and as the oldest known game using a rubber
281:
players performing for
Charles V in Spain, drawn by Christoph Weiditz in 1528. Note the similarity in dress to the modern-day
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thick lines in the dirt. The courts are divided into opposing sides by a center line, called an
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For a more in-depth look at hip ulama and forearm ulama, see
Leyenaar (2001).
48:, currently experiencing a revival from its home in a few communities in the
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Ulama, the
Perpetuation in Mexico of the Pre-Spanish Ball Game Ullamaliztli
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As part of its nationwide revival, the game now has a home in the capital
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688:""The Modern Ballgames of Sinaloa: a Survival of the Aztec Ullamaliztli""
667:
Federación
Mexicana de Juegos y Deportes Autóctonos y Tradicionales, A.C.
639:"Belize's Pok-ta-Pok/Ulama team wins gold in Mexico | Amandala Newspaper"
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Federación
Mexicana de Juegos y Deportes Autóctonos y Tradicionales, A.C.
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533:. Cf. Chapter 4: "Sudden Death in the New World" about the Ulama game.
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article for information on the recovery of the earliest rubber balls.
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Taladoire counts 1560 courts discovered as of the year 2000, p. 98.
2187:
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was the Aztec name for the
Mesoamerican ballgame (meaning roughly
57:
20:
221:, will result in a point scored for the opposing team. Points or
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1723:
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In Mexico and the United States, ulama de cadera is governed by
65:
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125:), whose roots extended back to at least the 2nd millennium
715:"The Architectural Background of the Pre-Hispanic Ballgame"
612:
719:
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186:
Ulama games are played on a temporary court called a
108:(playing of a game with a ball), related to the word
213:. A ball that is allowed to cross the end line, the
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In pictures: The ancient ballgame making a comeback
129:and evidence of which has been found in nearly all
522:The ball : discovering the object of the game
327:In Belize, ulama de cadera is governed by the
167:, where Spanish influence was less pervasive.
133:cultures in an area extending from modern-day
777:
8:
314:Asociación de Juego de Pelota Mesoamericano
1436:
939:
833:
784:
770:
762:
721:. New York: Thames & Hudson. pp.
694:. New York: Thames & Hudson. pp.
232:The modern-day game has three main forms:
525:, 1st ed., New York : Harper, 2012.
152:Due to its religious and ritual aspects,
338:
500:
200:
191:
112:
103:
94:
515:
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39:
7:
340:Mesoamerican Ball Game Championship
123:the process of playing the ball game
1479:Indigenous North American stickball
717:. In E. Michael Whittington (ed.).
690:. In E. Michael Whittington (ed.).
159:suppressed the game soon after the
14:
462:
449:
436:
401:
388:
375:
747:The Mesoamerican Ballgame Ulama
163:. It survived in areas such as
174:, at a cultural centre in the
1:
758:(archived by Wayback Machine)
141:, and possibly in modern-day
2452:Sports originating in Mexico
1153:International rules football
225:("lines", so named for the
44:) is a ball game played in
2473:
579:September 8, 2019, at the
329:Belize Hipball Association
75:
1439:
1014:Australian rules football
942:
799:
335:International tournaments
297:Mesoamerican rubber balls
56:. As a descendant of the
713:Taladoire, Eric (2001).
672:, accessed October 2007.
117:(rubber, rubber ball).
96:[oːlːamaˈlistɬi]
756:Smithsonian Institution
583:, BBC, 4 September 2019
564:Leyenaar (2001) p. 128.
507:Leyenaar (2001) p. 123.
28:ulama player in action.
686:Leyenaar, Ted (2001).
286:
202:[ˈt͡ɬat͡ʃt͡ɬi]
37:Spanish pronunciation:
29:
2327:Other non-ball sports
2291:Synchronized swimming
1873:Mesoamerican ballgame
1058:Circle rules football
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78:Mesoamerican ballgame
62:Mesoamerican ballgame
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2396:Synchronized skating
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2427:Mesoamerican sports
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1396:Other related codes
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2123:Net and wall games
1269:Uppies and downies
1173:Universal football
1024:Lightning football
637:Gladden, Charles.
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287:
244:Ulama de antebrazo
105:[ˈoːlːama]
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705:0-500-05108-9
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676:Leyenaar, Ted
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613:"ajupeme-usa"
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285:player above.
284:
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271:
267:
265:
264:out of bounds
256:
252:
251:Ulama de mazo
249:
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34:
27:
23:
19:
16:Mexican sport
2391:Roller derby
2283:Water sports
2203:Sepak takraw
2193:Newcomb ball
1949:Bat-and-ball
1912:
1819:Longue paume
1814:Jeu de paume
1591:Floor hockey
1579:Field hockey
1288:Rugby league
977:minifootball
957:beach soccer
819:Sportspeople
718:
691:
679:
646:. Retrieved
642:
632:
620:. Retrieved
616:
611:ajupemeusa.
606:
597:
588:
569:
560:
551:
538:
521:
503:
484:Batey (game)
427:Quintana Roo
326:
311:
308:Associations
294:
293:
282:
279:ullamaliztli
278:
268:
260:
254:
250:
243:
236:
231:
222:
218:
214:
210:
197:
187:
185:
176:Azcapotzalco
169:
151:
131:Mesoamerican
122:
119:Ōllamaliztli
118:
109:
100:
92:ōllamaliztli
91:
83:
81:
32:
31:
18:
2437:Team sports
2381:Makura-Nage
2238:pioneerball
2168:Footbag net
2108:Wiffle ball
1799:Gain-ground
1794:Flickerball
1754:Segway polo
1694:Cowboy polo
1557:Ball hockey
1514:intercrosse
1325:Rugby union
1158:Samoa rules
1034:Nine-a-side
1029:Metro footy
793:Team sports
617:ajupeme-usa
519:Fox, John.
322:AJUPEME USA
290:Ulama balls
227:tally marks
172:Mexico City
139:El Salvador
2432:Ball games
2421:Categories
2401:Tug of war
2359:wheelchair
2316:inner tube
2306:Water polo
2255:Tag sports
2213:Volleyball
2178:Footvolley
2046:Schlagball
1935:Yukigassen
1930:Whirlyball
1908:Tchoukball
1903:Tamburello
1883:Prisonball
1851:wheelchair
1784:Cycle ball
1749:Polocrosse
1734:Arena polo
1699:Cycle polo
1616:ice sledge
1601:Ice hockey
1504:box/indoor
1489:Knattleikr
1418:Yubi lakpi
1387:Wheelchair
1318:wheelchair
1254:Marn grook
1249:Lelo burti
1112:wheelchair
987:powerchair
982:paralympic
906:wheelchair
869:wheelchair
844:Basketball
661:References
147:New Mexico
2386:Paintball
2371:Hornussen
2339:Bo-taoshi
2208:Throwball
2141:Bossaball
2078:Town ball
2073:Stoolball
2068:Stickball
2056:Fastpitch
2036:Pesäpallo
1969:Brännboll
1964:Baseball5
1898:Roll ball
1893:Quidditch
1789:Dodgeball
1779:Angleball
1743:Snow polo
1714:Horseball
1689:Auto polo
1596:Floorball
1574:Broomball
1413:Jegichagi
1408:Kī-o-rahi
1234:Harpastum
1163:Speedball
1082:eight-man
1039:Rec footy
962:freestyle
876:Cestoball
754:from the
682:. Leiden.
544:El Manati
295:See also
157:Catholics
82:The word
2406:Ultimate
2344:Buzkashi
2233:standing
2146:Fistball
2113:Wireball
2051:Softball
2041:Rounders
2011:Kickball
1994:Twenty20
1974:Corkball
1959:Baseball
1923:Llargues
1888:Pushball
1863:Kin-Ball
1831:Handball
1826:Goalball
1759:Yak polo
1719:Motoball
1628:Rinkball
1623:Ringette
1499:Lacrosse
1468:Super11s
1454:Gateball
1244:La soule
1190:football
1092:nine-man
1068:Gridiron
1007:teqball
933:Football
923:Slamball
918:Ringball
886:Korfball
577:Archived
478:See also
207:chalking
198:tlachtli
182:Gameplay
26:Sinaloan
2354:Curling
2334:Airsoft
2268:Kho kho
2263:Kabaddi
2228:sitting
2136:Biribol
2088:Vitilla
2061:16-inch
2021:Matball
1984:One Day
1979:Cricket
1858:Kaatsen
1739:Chovgan
1638:in-line
1526:Ritinis
1519:women's
1464:Camogie
1459:Hurling
1293:masters
1214:Camping
1199:Ba game
1097:six-man
1051:Ladies'
952:amputee
913:Rezball
891:Netball
881:Dueball
678:(1978)
648:June 9,
622:June 9,
357:Bronze
354:Silver
196:, from
165:Sinaloa
154:Spanish
143:Arizona
88:Nahuatl
72:History
54:Sinaloa
2376:Jereed
2223:indoor
2198:Peteca
2183:Jianzi
2083:Vigoro
1868:Lagori
1682:sports
1655:Shinny
1584:indoor
1550:sports
1548:Hockey
1531:Shinty
1494:Knotty
1484:Iomain
1449:Cammag
1433:sports
1345:sevens
1308:sevens
1239:Kemari
1219:Cnapan
1178:Volata
1143:Austus
1134:Hybrid
1102:sprint
1002:street
967:futsal
901:indoor
729:
723:97–115
702:
696:97–115
529:
467:
457:Mexico
454:
444:Belize
441:
431:Mexico
419:Xcaret
406:
396:Belize
393:
383:Mexico
380:
370:Belize
277:Aztec
215:chichi
211:analco
188:tastei
135:Mexico
101:ōllama
90:word
84:ollama
46:Mexico
33:Ollama
2457:Aztec
2311:canoe
2218:beach
2188:Jokgu
2161:Rugby
2151:Fives
2016:Lapta
1951:games
1913:Ulama
1846:field
1841:Czech
1836:beach
1611:power
1562:Bandy
1509:field
1444:Bando
1382:Touch
1365:touch
1360:Tambo
1335:beach
1303:nines
1281:codes
1279:Rugby
1192:codes
1136:codes
1107:touch
1070:codes
997:socca
936:codes
896:Fast5
864:water
849:beach
804:Sport
670:Ulama
495:Notes
415:2022
362:2019
351:Gold
348:Host
345:Year
283:ulama
247:game.
240:ball.
223:rayas
219:chivo
99:from
58:Aztec
50:state
2366:Guts
2243:snow
2156:Eton
2026:Oină
1989:Test
1729:Polo
1724:Pato
1680:Polo
1643:quad
1606:pond
1567:rink
1403:Cuju
1370:tens
1350:snow
1340:mini
1229:Cuju
1204:Caid
1087:flag
1019:AFLX
854:deaf
727:ISBN
700:ISBN
650:2024
624:2024
542:See
527:ISBN
320:and
145:and
110:ōlli
66:ball
1355:tag
1313:tag
1298:mod
859:3x3
470:USA
425:),
409:USA
253:or
217:or
137:to
52:of
2423::
725:.
698:.
641:.
615:.
512:^
429:,
368:,
331:.
324:.
127:BC
68:.
1375:X
785:e
778:t
771:v
735:.
708:.
652:.
626:.
421:(
190:(
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
