289:
as with elders on the
Umatilla Reservation, tribal linguist Noel Rude has painstakingly recorded words, pronunciations, phrases, and other elements of the Umatilla language. The dictionary includes a grammar and comparative information that places the Umatilla language in its linguistic and historical context and compiles all of its known words, phrases, and constructions. Umatilla Dictionary is an important work for people of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, the Yakama Nation, and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs and adds to the growing linguistic work being done by tribes and scholars on endangered languages.
2547:
288:
The
Umatilla Dictionary was published in 2014 with the University of Washington Press. The Dictionary documents the language of the Umatilla people east of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington. Working for many years with the accumulated scholarship of linguists and anthropologists as well
1013:
Consonant clusters are common and show few restrictions. All words begin with a consonant, even though according to orthographic conventions, an initial glottal stop before a vowel is not written and initial unstressed /ʼɨ/ is not written before /m n l/ plus a consonant. Initial clusters of up to
280:
program for three- to five-year-olds." The Wíyat'ish Naknúwit "For the Future" Language
Project, has trained speakers using a Master-Apprentice program. A Flash Story Camp has been held by First Nations Development in collaboration with Tamastslikt's Language Enhancement Program and Education
276:). Nixyaawii Community School has offered Umatilla, Walla Walla and Nez Perce language classes for the last decade and a Cay-Uma-Wa Head Start program is being developed to reach children while they’re young. There are also online video resources and the Tamaluut immersion school, a new
281:
Department, and the
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. In 2015, Umatilla instruction will be given at the high school level. There is interest in adapting a curriculum for Umatilla that has been used successfully for
1217:
It can be composed of one or several elements. Theme-derivational processes include notions such as the distribution of action and the iteration of action which is expressed by the reduplication of a part of or the totality of the theme
212:
group. It was spoken during late aboriginal times along the
Columbia River and is therefore also called Columbia River Sahaptin. It is currently spoken as a first language by a few dozen elders and some adults in the
1191:'stones'). These two markers can sometimes co-exist in the same word. Several nouns feature irregular plural marks that might have been more widely used in the past, such as the prefix
1149:
Consonantal alternations arise from two processes: velar stops /k kʼ/ may palatalize to /c č/ and affricates /c č/ become /t/ before /s š/. For instance, /c/ + /š/ becomes /t/ + /š/.
1163:
Nouns, adjectives and pronouns inflect for number and case. There are three number categories: singular, dual and plural. The singular is not marked. The dual is marked by the suffix
272:
As of 2013, there are about 50 first language speakers of
Umatilla. The language is taught at the Nixyaawii Community School. "There are six full-time language instructors in CTUIR (
1944:
273:
214:
1965:
Rigsby, B. and Rude, N. 1996. Sketch of
Sahaptin, a Sahaptian language. Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 17, Languages: 666-692. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.;
1764:
2090:
1046:
Primary stress is distinctive and is indicated by an acute accent. It occurs on one syllable of a word. Stress contrast can be seen in the following examples:
1160:
The processes used are clisis, reduplication, ablaut, compounding, suppletion, order and the most common one is affixation (suffixation in particular).
2030:
457:
845:
694:
998:
1984:
1202:
Verbs have the most complex morphology of all the parts of speech. Their internal structure is characterized by three major positions:
952:
781:
2153:
791:
2083:
2002:
1970:
1956:
1937:
1903:
855:
704:
2307:
484:
473:
1866:
427:
1127:
Nondistinctive secondary and lesser stresses occur phonetically and are conditioned by phonetic and syntactic environments.
2042:
558:
Vowels of different quality never appear in clusters. Allowed diphthongs are the following: /ay aay aw aaw iw iiw uy uuy/.
495:
411:
350:
298:
1264:
aspect: imperfective for an action in process (suffix -ša, -šan), customary for the usual character of an action (suffix
2573:
2551:
2076:
838:
684:
549:
530:
1951:. Seattle: Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, in association with University of Washington Press.
2504:
2403:
895:
771:
465:
343:
337:
1299:
Umatilla, like other varieties of
Sahaptin, is characterized by a free word order and a complex case-marking system.
2327:
2289:
2282:
986:
877:
677:
670:
634:
511:
438:
419:
385:
379:
125:
2275:
865:
585:
446:
403:
1209:
This position is not necessarily occupied, it depends on the aspects of sentence structure external to the verb.
2442:
726:
541:
522:
363:
357:
1932:. University of California Publications in Linguistics (Vol. 112). Berkeley: University of California Press.
1840:
714:
88:
2007:
2512:
1157:
The morphological structure of
Umatilla and other Sahaptin dialects is synthetic to mildly polysynthetic.
886:
871:
819:
807:
764:
757:
732:
720:
2434:
2409:
2181:
1030:'quiet'. The laryngeals /h ʼ/ usually occur in initial position and sometimes in intervocalic position.
916:
909:
813:
547:
539:
528:
520:
509:
501:
493:
482:
471:
463:
455:
444:
436:
425:
417:
409:
401:
233:, but it is said to be an island in the Columbia River. B. Rigsby and N. Rude mention the village of
2354:
2265:
2193:
2099:
1694:
801:
205:
130:
1891:
2386:
2377:
2210:
580:
571:
277:
2362:
2296:
1966:
1952:
1933:
1899:
1625:
940:
619:
600:
503:
282:
201:
135:
1988:
1038:
As yet, no detailed description of syllable structure in
Umatilla Sahaptin has been written.
2528:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2469:
2423:
2336:
2316:
2236:
2162:
2125:
1789:
1704:
595:
576:
257:
209:
32:
2035:
229:
means 'those living at' or 'people of' and there is an ongoing debate about the meaning of
2479:
2416:
2343:
2175:
2169:
1699:
1179:
depending on the final). There are two main ways to mark the plural: with the suffix -ma (
903:
590:
117:
98:
237:
that was situated at the mouth of the Umatilla River and where the language was spoken.
2474:
2253:
2246:
2203:
2142:
2135:
1410:
750:
188:
2567:
2224:
2217:
1381:
1352:
646:
319:
74:
1135:
Alternation in the phonetic shapes of morphemes is frequent and most often vocalic.
2013:
738:
1018:'pepper'), medials of up to five consonants and finals of up to four consonants (
2063:
2050:
1532:
1501:
314:
2057:
1745:
1728:
1723:
1441:
1282:(motion or activity towards or with respect to speaker), translocative suffix
1143:
331:
324:
1814:
972:
828:
659:
371:
181:
165:
1146:
and truncation) that can be morphologically or phonologically conditioned.
172:
1656:
1594:
1563:
1470:
612:
301:
to transcribe Umatilla, though other practical orthographies also exist.
654:
2068:
1139:
84:
396:
All long vowels are written as clusters of identical short vowels.
1084:
1055:
2072:
1226:
means 'to jump'). Affixations of adverbial notions also occur:
1074:
481:/ii/ has a schwa-like offglide before uvulars and it shifts to
200:(Tamalúut or Imatalamłaamí Sɨ́nwit) is a variety of Southern
38:
2036:
Interview with Umatilla language teacher Thomas Morning Owl
59:
44:
53:
2283:
Northern Kalapuya (Tualatin dialect (Tfalati, Atfalati))
297:
Rigsby and Rude use a technical alphabet based upon the
2225:
Upper Chinook (Kiksht, Columbia Chinook, Wasco-Wishram)
1261:
mood: indicative (unmarked), conditional and imperative
1022:'ashes'). Clusters of identical consonants also occur:
1945:
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
1819:
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
274:
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
35:
2363:
Sahaptin (Shahaptin, Sħáptənəxw, Ichishkíin Sɨ́nwit)
1985:"Wisdom Of The Elders Program Five: Speaking Native"
1278:
directionality for motion verbs: cislocative suffix
56:
50:
2521:
2503:
2462:
2455:
2433:
2396:
2376:
2353:
2326:
2306:
2263:
2234:
2191:
2152:
2123:
2116:
1790:"East Oregonian: Immersed In The Umatilla Language"
179:
163:
158:
114:
104:
94:
80:
70:
47:
41:
26:
21:
1815:"CTUIR native language program to host open house"
2064:OLAC resources in and about the Umatilla language
1871:Confederated Umatilla Journal, via East Oregonian
2058:Umatilla-Tenino Language (Warm Springs, Celilo)
1183:'women") and by full or partial reduplication (
2084:
2043:"Few Remember How to Speak Umatilla Language"
2014:"Umatilla, Walla Walla & Cayuse Language"
1765:"Tribe works to keep Umatilla language alive"
8:
2290:Northern Kalapuya (Yamhill dialect (Yamell))
1250:Its inflectional system marks the verbs for:
1138:Vocalic alternations result from processes (
2163:Lower Rogue River (Tututni, Upper Coquille)
2031:Inez Reves, Umatilla interpreter, 1925-2011
1841:"Campers Learn About Their Tribal Language"
2459:
2120:
2091:
2077:
2069:
2047:Yakima Herald-Republic / HighBeam Research
18:
1794:Oregon Public Broadcasting/East Oregonian
1222:'he keeps on jumping up and down', where
249:
1867:"Language program adopts new curriculum"
1301:
565:
308:
1716:
435:The pronunciation of /aa/ ranges from
248:(with orthographic ł representing IPA
594:
589:
568:
454:The pronunciation of /i/ ranges from
400:The pronunciation of /a/ ranges from
252:) and the Umatilla people are called
7:
2170:Upper Rogue River (Galice-Applegate)
16:Southern Sahaptin language of the US
2443:Northern Paiute (Numu and Paviotso)
1839:Reyes, Jessica Delos (2003-11-01).
2337:Klamath-Modoc (Klamath, Lutuamian)
1746:"CTUIR Language Program: Tamaluut"
1238:'with the edge of a long object',
14:
1865:Phinney, Will (August 12, 2015).
997:
985:
951:
915:
908:
894:
876:
864:
854:
844:
837:
812:
800:
790:
780:
770:
763:
756:
737:
725:
713:
703:
693:
683:
676:
669:
432:when preceded or followed by /y/.
384:
378:
362:
356:
349:
342:
336:
285:at the Salish School of Spokane.
240:The Umatillas pronounce the word
217:in Oregon. Some sources say that
2546:
2545:
2008:Umatilla language YouTube videos
1121:{he saw him} {} {they saw (him)}
260:refer to the Umatilla people as
31:
2041:Zacharias, Karen (2001-05-19).
1763:Wheeler, Natalie (2013-09-18).
1286:(motion away from the speaker).
500:, and may lower dialectally to
244:. A Umatilla person is called
1983:Neskahie, Arlie; Don Addison.
1896:University of Washington Press
1014:three consonants are allowed (
268:Use and revitalization efforts
1:
1247:the auxiliary suffix complex
299:Americanist phonetic notation
2297:Yoncalla (Southern Kalapuya)
1890:Rude, Noel (October 2014).
2590:
2276:Central Kalapuya (Santiam)
2111:indicate extinct languages
2003:Verb Structure in Umatilla
1118:páqʼinušana {} paqʼínušana
2541:
2143:Yaquina (Yakwina, Yakona)
2106:
1312:
1309:
1307:
971:
939:
902:
827:
653:
618:
611:
606:
599:
584:
575:
570:
264:. See Aoki (1994:171).
1734:(subscription required)
2513:American Sign Language
2254:Miluk (Lower Coquille)
2060:, native-languages.org
1796:(2 Oct. 2013 ed.)
1206:the pronominal prefix
1131:Phonological processes
2410:Plateau Sign Language
2308:Oregon Coast Penutian
1947:; Rude, Noel (2014).
1928:Aoki, Haruo. (1994).
1892:"Umatilla Dictionary"
1930:Nez Perce dictionary
215:Umatilla Reservation
2574:Sahaptian languages
2100:Languages of Oregon
1949:Umatilla Dictionary
1695:Sahaptian languages
1304:
890:⟨x̣ʷ⟩
538:/uu/ is pronounced
1788:Wheeler, Natalie.
1382:Obviative ergative
1303:Noun case endings
1302:
1034:Syllable structure
882:⟨x̣⟩
796:⟨čʼ⟩
786:⟨ƛʼ⟩
776:⟨cʼ⟩
519:/u/ is pronounced
492:/ɨ/ is pronounced
278:language immersion
2561:
2560:
2537:
2536:
2451:
2450:
1732:(18th ed., 2015)
1686:
1685:
1234:'in the morning,
1167:(with allomorphs
1011:
1010:
991:⟨y⟩
860:⟨š⟩
850:⟨ł⟩
743:⟨ʼ⟩
709:⟨č⟩
699:⟨ƛ⟩
689:⟨c⟩
622:
615:
609:
546:and it shifts to
527:and it shifts to
470:and it shifts to
416:and it shifts to
394:
393:
208:subfamily of the
195:
194:
2581:
2549:
2548:
2470:American English
2460:
2404:Plains Sign Talk
2328:Plateau Penutian
2121:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2070:
2054:
2049:. Archived from
2027:
2025:
2024:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:on July 17, 2011
1987:. Archived from
1962:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1721:
1705:Umatilla (tribe)
1353:Inverse ergative
1305:
1242:'while sitting'.
1086:
1076:
1057:
1001:
992:
989:
955:
919:
912:
898:
891:
888:
883:
880:
873:
868:
861:
858:
851:
848:
841:
821:
816:
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804:
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794:
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753:
744:
741:
734:
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722:
717:
710:
707:
700:
697:
690:
687:
680:
673:
666:
649:
642:
637:
630:
620:
613:
607:
566:
553:
545:
534:
526:
515:
507:
499:
488:
477:
469:
461:
450:
442:
431:
423:
415:
407:
388:
382:
366:
360:
353:
346:
340:
309:
221:is derived from
210:Plateau Penutian
191:
175:
168:
126:Plateau Penutian
120:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
37:
19:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2533:
2517:
2499:
2447:
2429:
2392:
2372:
2349:
2322:
2302:
2259:
2230:
2187:
2148:
2112:
2102:
2097:
2040:
2022:
2020:
2018:trailtribes.org
2012:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1979:
1959:
1943:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1700:Sahaptin people
1691:
1297:
1195:and the suffix
1155:
1133:
1125:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1091:
1078:
1067:
1059:
1044:
1036:
990:
889:
881:
859:
849:
795:
785:
775:
749:
742:
708:
698:
688:
664:
658:
645:
640:
633:
628:
564:
478:near /q qʼ x̣/.
307:
295:
283:Okanagan Salish
270:
187:
171:
164:
154:
121:
118:Language family
116:
107:
106:Native speakers
34:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2587:
2585:
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2500:
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2301:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2271:
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2258:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2204:Chinook Jargon
2199:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2136:Alsea (Alséya)
2131:
2129:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:on 2015-09-24.
2038:
2033:
2028:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1978:
1977:External links
1975:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1957:
1941:
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1769:Daily Astorian
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1333:
1332:kʼúsi (horse)
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1210:
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1129:
1114:they saw (him)
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1092:
1080:ámapa {} amápa
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603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
574:
569:
563:
560:
556:
555:
536:
517:
490:
489:after uvulars.
479:
452:
433:
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391:
389:
376:
374:
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367:
354:
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328:
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262:hiyówatalampoo
223:imatilám-hlama
204:, part of the
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159:Language codes
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110:25 (2007)
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554:near uvulars.
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27:Pronunciation
25:
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2397:Unclassified
2385:
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2252:
2247:Hanis (Coos)
2245:
2235:
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2202:
2192:
2182:Upper Umpqua
2180:
2168:
2161:
2141:
2134:
2124:
2108:
2051:the original
2046:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:the original
1948:
1929:
1909:. Retrieved
1895:
1885:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1844:
1834:
1823:. Retrieved
1821:. 2005-10-18
1818:
1809:
1798:. Retrieved
1793:
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1727:
1719:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1626:Instrumental
1618:
1612:
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1600:
1587:
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1393:
1387:
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1369:
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1358:
1345:
1339:
1335:ɨwínš (man)
1298:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1265:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:'suddenly',
1227:
1223:
1220:i-ƛúp-ƛúp-ša
1219:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
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1159:
1156:
1148:
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1045:
1037:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
557:
395:
296:
287:
271:
261:
254:imatalamłáma
253:
245:
241:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
197:
196:
180:
143:
2505:French Sign
2435:Uto-Aztecan
1502:Benefactive
1111:paqʼínušana
1095:páqʼinušana
751:glottalized
2154:Athabaskan
2117:Indigenous
2023:2013-09-08
1995:2013-09-08
1911:2022-09-13
1876:2015-10-03
1851:2013-09-21
1825:2013-09-21
1800:2013-10-16
1774:2013-09-21
1729:Ethnologue
1711:References
1442:Comitative
1214:the theme
1181:tílaaki-ma
1153:Morphology
1144:epenthesis
1098:he saw him
562:Consonants
246:imatalamłá
89:Washington
2456:Immigrant
2387:Tillamook
2355:Sahaptian
2266:Kalapuyan
2211:Kathlamet
2194:Chinookan
1845:Canku Ota
1464:no plural
1411:Objective
1404:no plural
1375:no plural
1329:Unmarked
1318:Singular
1310:Nonhuman
1187:'stone',
1026:'silly',
973:Semivowel
829:Fricative
660:Affricate
293:Phonology
258:Nez Perce
206:Sahaptian
182:Glottolog
166:ISO 639-3
131:Sahaptian
95:Ethnicity
2568:Category
2552:Category
2378:Salishan
2368:Umatilla
1724:Umatilla
1689:See also
1657:Locative
1619:maamíkni
1613:inamíkni
1595:Ablative
1588:maamíkan
1582:inamíkan
1564:Allative
1557:maamíyaw
1551:inamíyaw
1526:maamíyay
1520:inamíyay
1471:Genitive
1189:pšwápšwa
1083:husband.
1054:husband.
1020:látx̣tx̣
614:sibilant
581:Alveolar
572:Bilabial
242:ímatalam
235:ímatalam
231:imatilám
219:Umatilla
202:Sahaptin
198:Umatilla
189:umat1237
144:Umatilla
140:Southern
136:Sahaptin
99:Umatilla
22:Umatilla
2529:Finnish
2495:Swedish
2490:Spanish
2485:Russian
2424:Takelma
2317:Siuslaw
2109:Italics
1923:Sources
1750:YouTube
1681:maamípa
1675:inamípa
1650:maamíki
1644:inamíki
1459:no dual
1399:no dual
1370:no dual
1324:Plural
1073:island.
941:Lateral
655:Plosive
621:lateral
601:Glottal
586:Palatal
320:central
256:. The
2522:Uralic
2480:German
2417:Cayuse
2344:Molala
2237:Coosan
2126:Alsean
1969:
1955:
1936:
1902:
1533:Dative
1506:kʼúsiy
1446:kʼúsiy
1435:maaman
1429:inaman
1386:kʼúsiy
1313:Human
1295:Syntax
1240:tísɨm-
1140:ablaut
1106:
1103:
1065:
1062:
1042:Stress
1024:qqápni
647:labial
635:labial
596:Uvular
577:Dental
305:Vowels
85:Oregon
81:Region
2475:Dutch
1679:awinš
1673:awinš
1667:ɨwinš
1661:kʼúsi
1648:awinš
1642:awinš
1636:ɨwinš
1630:kʼúsi
1617:awinš
1611:awinš
1607:míkni
1605:ɨwinš
1599:kʼúsi
1586:awinš
1580:awinš
1576:míkan
1574:ɨwinš
1568:kʼúsi
1555:awinš
1549:awinš
1545:míyaw
1543:ɨwinš
1537:kʼúsi
1524:awinš
1518:awínš
1514:míyay
1512:ɨwínš
1495:maamí
1493:awínš
1489:inamí
1487:awínš
1481:ɨwínš
1475:kʼúsi
1452:ɨwínš
1433:awínš
1427:awínš
1421:ɨwínš
1415:kʼúsi
1392:ɨwínš
1363:ɨwínš
1357:kʼúsi
1344:awínš
1338:awínš
1321:Dual
1275:tense
1270:-x̣an
1070:amápa
1051:ámapa
1016:pccák
904:Nasal
665:plain
641:plain
629:plain
608:plain
591:Velar
552:]
548:[
544:]
540:[
533:]
529:[
525:]
521:[
514:]
510:[
506:]
502:[
498:]
494:[
487:]
483:[
476:]
472:[
468:]
464:[
460:]
456:[
449:]
445:[
441:]
437:[
430:]
426:[
422:]
418:[
414:]
410:[
406:]
402:[
315:front
227:hlama
1967:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1847:(99)
1669:mípa
1638:míki
1284:-kik
1266:-x̣a
1236:twá-
1232:máy-
1185:pšwá
1169:-win
332:high
325:back
1726:at
1601:kni
1570:kan
1539:yaw
1477:nmí
1365:nɨm
1359:nɨm
1280:-ɨm
1228:qá-
1224:ƛúp
1197:-tu
1175:or
1173:-yn
1165:-in
1085:OBJ
1075:LOC
1056:OBJ
1028:ččù
820:qʷ’
808:kʷ’
792:tʃʼ
782:tɬʼ
772:tsʼ
508:or
462:to
443:to
424:or
408:to
372:low
250:/ɬ/
173:uma
39:juː
2570::
2045:.
2016:.
1898:.
1894:.
1869:.
1843:.
1817:.
1792:.
1767:.
1748:.
1663:pa
1632:ki
1508:ay
1483:mí
1454:in
1448:in
1423:na
1417:na
1394:in
1388:in
1346:ma
1340:in
1268:,
1199:.
1193:a-
1177:-n
1171:,
1142:,
887:χʷ
872:xʷ
814:qʼ
802:kʼ
765:tʼ
758:pʼ
733:qʷ
721:kʷ
705:tʃ
695:tɬ
685:ts
542:uː
447:ɑː
439:aː
386:aː
383:,
364:uː
361:,
344:iː
341:,
225::
87:,
2092:e
2085:t
2078:v
2026:.
1998:.
1961:.
1940:.
1914:.
1879:.
1854:.
1828:.
1803:.
1777:.
1752:.
1272:)
1218:(
999:w
987:j
953:l
917:n
910:m
896:h
878:χ
866:x
856:ʃ
846:ɬ
839:s
739:ʔ
727:q
715:k
678:t
671:p
657:/
579:/
550:o
531:o
523:u
516:.
512:a
504:ə
496:ɨ
485:e
474:e
466:i
458:ɪ
451:.
428:ɛ
420:a
412:ʌ
404:ɑ
380:a
358:u
351:ɨ
338:i
63:/
60:ə
57:l
54:ɪ
51:t
48:ˈ
45:ə
42:m
36:ˌ
33:/
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