99:, the jury must reach a unanimous decision on criminal cases. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous decision, a hung jury is declared. A new panel of jurors will be selected for the retrial. Each jury in criminal courts contains 12 jurors. In civil cases, only six people are necessary for a jury, and if there is only one dissenter (i.e. a 5–1 vote), the dissenter can be ignored with the majority opinion becoming the final verdict.
111:, the jury must try to reach a unanimous verdict. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous verdict after a reasonable time given the nature and complexity of the case (but not less than four hours), then the court may accept a majority verdict. In criminal cases, an all-but-one vote is needed (i.e. 11–1 with a full jury); in civil cases, a three-quarters (75%) vote is needed (i.e. 9–3 with a full jury).
172:. Juries consist of 15, and verdicts are decided by simple majority (eight) of the initial membership. If jurors drop out because of illness or another reason, the trial can continue with a minimum of 12 jurors, but the support of eight jurors is needed for a guilty verdict; anything less is treated as an acquittal.
155:
When the jury is called to deliver a verdict after majority directions have been given, a careful protocol of questions is followed: only in the event of a guilty verdict is it asked whether all jurors were agreed on that verdict, to prevent any acquittal from being tainted by it being disclosed that
236:
state, "The verdict must be unanimous. ... If there are multiple defendants, the jury may return a verdict at any time during its deliberations as to any defendant about whom it has agreed. ... If the jury cannot agree on all counts as to any defendant, the jury may return a verdict on those counts
151:
Initially, the jury will be directed to try to reach a unanimous verdict. If they fail to reach a unanimous verdict, the judge may later (after more than two hours) give directions that a majority verdict will be acceptable, although the jury should continue to try to reach a unanimous verdict if
237:
on which it has agreed. ... If the jury cannot agree on a verdict on one or more counts, the court may declare a mistrial on those counts. A hung jury does not imply either the defendant's guilt or innocence. The government may retry any defendant on any count on which the jury could not agree."
240:
In jurisdictions giving those involved in the case a choice of jury size (such as between a six-person and twelve-person jury), defense counsel in both civil and criminal cases frequently opt for the larger number of jurors. A common axiom in criminal cases is that "it takes only one to hang,"
248:
verdicts to allow juries to convict defendants without unanimous agreements amongst the jurors. Hence, a 12-member jury that would otherwise be deadlocked at 11 for conviction and one against, would be recorded as a guilty verdict. The rationale for majority verdicts usually includes arguments
249:
related to so-called 'rogue jurors', who unreasonably impede the course of justice. Opponents of majority verdicts argue that it undermines public confidence in criminal justice systems and results in a higher number of individuals to be convicted of crimes they did not commit.
263:
requires only a judge and a specified number of panel members in all non-capital cases (eight for a general court-martial or three for a special court-martial; no panel is seated for a summary court-martial). In capital cases, a panel of 12 members is required.
114:
If the jury fails to reach either a unanimous or majority verdict after a reasonable time, the presiding judge may declare a hung jury. Ordinarily there will be a new trial. If the retrial also results in a hung jury, the case must be referred to the
256:(10 U.S.C. Chapter 47) specifies the minimum number of court-martial panel members required to return a verdict of guilty. In a capital case, a unanimous vote of all panel members is required to convict on a capital charge.
75:
systems either do not use juries at all or provide that the defendant is immediately acquitted if the majority or supermajority required for conviction is not reached during a singular, solemn vote.
893:
175:
In civil cases there is a jury of 12, with a minimum of 10 needed to continue the trial. It is possible to have a hung jury if there is a tied vote after three hours' deliberation.
140:
a majority of at least 10 votes out of 12 is needed for a verdict. If fewer jurors remain, majorities allowed are 11–0, 10–1, 10–0, 9–1 and 9–0. Failure to reach this may lead to a
590:
331:
289:
prospective jurors can be selected for such a jury, to exclude both people who will always vote for the death sentence and those who are categorically opposed to it.
83:
Majority (or supermajority verdicts) are in force in South
Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland.
464:
279:
Nebraska is the only state in which the sentence is decided by a three-judge panel. If the panel is not unanimous, the defendant is sentenced to life imprisonment.
252:
In United States military justice, there are no hung juries. If the threshold for a conviction is not met, the defendant is acquitted. Article 52 of the
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852:
273:
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233:
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The first outcome is referred as the "true unanimity" rule, while the third has been criticized as the "single-juror veto" rule.
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116:
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232:, inviting the dissenting jurors to re-examine their opinions, as a last-ditch effort to prevent the jury from hanging. The
943:
229:
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481:
84:
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522:"2014 Nebraska Revised Statutes – Chapter 29 – CRIMINAL PROCEDURE – 29-2521 – Sentencing determination proceeding"
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204:
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381:
183:
Majority verdicts are not allowed in civilian criminal cases in the United States. A hung jury results in a
193:
591:"Life Verdict or Hung Jury? How States Treat Non-Unanimous Jury Votes in Capital-Sentencing Proceedings"
521:
169:
720:
566:"Provisions of state and federal statutes concerning sentence if capital sentencing jury cannot agree"
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847:
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of the penalty phase will be conducted before a different jury (the common-law rule for mistrial).
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One proposal for dealing with the difficulties associated with hung juries has been to introduce
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31:
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referring to the fact that in some cases, a single juror can defeat the required unanimity.
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ruled that a jury must vote unanimously to convict in any criminal offense that requires a
987:
832:
292:
However, these states differ on what happens if the penalty phase results in a hung jury:
259:
In all other cases, only a three-fourths vote is required to convict. Additionally, the
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782:
446:
184:
87:
and
Commonwealth courts require unanimous verdicts in criminal (but not civil) trials.
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345:
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61:
872:
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505:
57:
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17:
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108:
310:, even if only one juror opposed death. Federal law also provides that outcome.
742:
735:
730:
715:
222:
68:
787:
752:
747:
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Montana is the only state where the trial judge alone decides the sentence.
200:
402:. Preliminary Paper 37. Vol. 2. Wellington: Law Commission. p. 65
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any jurors dissented. The protocol is followed separately for each charge.
303:
In two states (Indiana and
Missouri), the judge will decide the sentence.
165:
669:
297:
188:
141:
53:
296:
In five states (Alabama, Arizona, California, Kentucky and Nevada), a
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unless there are compelling reasons to proceed with a third trial.
465:"Part IV: Further Practice Directions Applying in The Crown Court"
228:
Some jurisdictions permit the court to give the jury a so-called
700:
49:
673:
494:
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/23-24/41/section/11s
285:
In all states in which the jury decides the sentence, only
64:. A hung jury may result in the case being tried again.
211:
used to allow 10–2 majority verdicts. In the 2020 case
393:
Young, Warren; Cameron, Neil; Tinsley, Yvette (1999).
650:"Hurst v. Florida Remedial Legislation and SBP 7068"
346:"Canada's System of Justice: The Role of the Public"
27:
Legal term for a jury that cannot agree on a verdict
954:
886:
823:
708:
544:"46-18-301. Hearing on imposition of death penalty"
276:, 25 require the sentence to be decided by a jury.
203:, which was historically influenced by the French
60:and is unable to reach the required unanimity or
306:In the remaining states, a hung jury results in
685:
8:
422:"Solicitor-General's Prosecution Guidelines"
427:. Crown Law Office. 1 July 2013. p. 23
362:. Parliamentary Counsel Office. 1 July 2013
692:
678:
670:
164:It is not possible to have a hung jury in
613:"SB 280: Sentencing for Capital Felonies"
853:Racial discrimination in jury selection
360:"Juries Act 1981. Sections 29C and 29D"
332:"Ten or Eleven Out of Twelve Ain't Bad"
323:
482:Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995
510:, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
7:
348:. Department of Justice. 2015-05-07.
396:Juries in Criminal Trials: Part Two
234:Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
25:
67:This situation can occur only in
254:Uniform Code of Military Justice
962:Fully Informed Jury Association
272:Of the 27 U.S. states with the
268:Hung jury in capital sentencing
571:. A. Parrent, Conn. Public Def
1:
467:. 23 May 2010. Archived from
119:, who will generally issue a
983:Common law legal terminology
85:Australian Capital Territory
1004:
29:
863:Scientific jury selection
261:Manual for Courts-Martial
52:that cannot agree upon a
887:Specific jurisdictions
636:United States v. Perez
593:. deathpenaltyinfo.org
451:www.legislation.gov.uk
194:United States v. Perez
848:Peremptory challenge
838:Death-qualified jury
334:. 25 November 2014.
121:stay of proceedings
30:For the album, see
843:Jury questionnaire
815:Summary jury trial
800:Jury sequestration
778:Jury nullification
721:Citizens' assembly
219:U.S. Supreme Court
214:Ramos v. Louisiana
187:. The case may be
970:
969:
899:England and Wales
758:Jury instructions
703:-related articles
447:"Juries Act 1974"
380:Juries Act 1981.
308:life imprisonment
138:England and Wales
132:England and Wales
117:Solicitor-General
18:Unanimous verdict
16:(Redirected from
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858:Strike for cause
810:Juror misconduct
763:Specific finding
709:Primary articles
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768:Deliberation
656:. Retrieved
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617:. Retrieved
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595:. Retrieved
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548:. Retrieved
546:. leg.mt.gov
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489:
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469:the original
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431:23 September
429:. Retrieved
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364:. Retrieved
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109:New Zealand
103:New Zealand
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731:Grand jury
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484:section 90
318:References
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197:, 1824).
152:possible.
69:common law
904:Hong Kong
788:Embracery
773:Hung jury
753:Jury fees
748:Jury duty
619:March 15,
575:March 15,
550:April 16,
528:April 16,
205:civil law
201:Louisiana
148:, 1807).
79:Australia
73:Civil law
42:hung jury
33:Hung Jury
914:Scotland
185:mistrial
166:Scotland
160:Scotland
597:May 22,
507:Rule 31
298:retrial
189:retried
142:retrial
54:verdict
35:(album)
988:Juries
955:Groups
919:Taiwan
894:Canada
658:May 1,
639:, 1824
217:, the
209:Oregon
97:Canada
91:Canada
944:Women
909:Japan
653:(PDF)
569:(PDF)
425:(PDF)
400:(PDF)
701:Jury
660:2017
633:See
621:2017
599:2020
577:2016
552:2017
530:2017
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