405:
623:" in the North of England. A 2018 study found the bedroom tax "was not successful in encouraging residential moves", but "it did incentivise people who moved to downsize – suggesting some success in terms of one of the policy goals, namely reducing under-occupancy. The policy did not incentivise people to work more and we find no statistically significant effects on households' food consumption or saving behaviour".
585:
471:, rather than central government; in consequence there is an expectation from the government that costs arising out of care needs, including extra bedroom space, should be met by local council budgets. However, over the 20th century, central government took over the cost of providing benefits that cover housing costs; therefore, the government provided a new annual grant to councils, so that they can make
725:- "And Caroline Abrahams, charity director of Age UK, said: 'Imposing the cap on older tenants will not only cause them anxiety and distress, it is also pointless given the lack of affordable housing options available to them. It will create hardship without any significant financial gains for the Government.'"
508:
considered the question of what constituted a room for the purposes of the regulations. Judge Lloyd-Davies decided that a room "should be capable of accommodating a single adult bed, a bedside table and somewhere to store clothes, as well as providing space for dressing and undressing". This implies
312:
reported that the
Liberal Democrats plan to end the "bedroom tax" for all except those who refuse a suitable and reasonable offer of accommodation. This represents a change in position as the party voted against a similar amendment to the 2012 Welfare Reform Act. Liberal Democrat Tim Farron (at that
146:
The under-occupancy rules apply, from 1 April 2013, to all those of working age. The policy applies to working-age social housing tenants who receive housing benefit and are deemed to have more bedrooms than they need. If a tenant has one spare bedroom, their housing benefit is reduced by 14% of the
98:
Supporters of the changes have referred to the unreformed system as a "spare room subsidy" whereby tax-payers are said to have been subsidising social-housing tenants living in houses larger than they needed. The stated intention of the under-occupancy penalty policy was to reduce these costs and to
418:
newspaper released figures which (it argued) showed that 96% of the people who would be affected by the changes would be unable to move anywhere else due to the lack of available social housing. Although it is illegal to sub-let a social tenancy, it is legal for social tenants in this situation to
239:
I remind noble Lords of the core argumentation. We do not think that taxpayers should be expected to meet the cost of somewhere approaching 1 million spare bedrooms, a cost of around £0.5 billion every year. Clearly this is unfair, or certainly different, to those in the private rented sector who
431:
has estimated that the housing benefit bill could increase by £143 million if affected tenants were to downsize by moving into smaller privately rented accommodation. However the
Government argues that freeing up social housing would also reduce the cost of housing people in expensive temporary
227:
The official rationale of the policy is to encourage council tenants of homes that are supposedly too large for their needs to move to smaller homes so that the existing housing stock can be better used. A second rationale adopted by the
Department for Work and Pensions is to reduce the overall
150:
Critics argue that the policy has had a disproportionate impact on disabled people and other vulnerable groups, as well as increasing poverty and homelessness. Supporters of the policy argue that it is a fair way to manage social housing and encourage efficient use of housing resources.
518:, the Supreme Court ruled that "applying a 14% housing benefit reduction to a man, referred only as RR, was a breach of his right to home under the Human Rights Act. RR’s partner is severely disabled so 'it is accepted' that the couple need an extra bedroom for her medical equipment,
449:
has criticised how, under government proposals, parents living in social housing could become liable for what he calls the bedroom tax after only three months following the death of a child, something that inadvertently causes the creation of a "spare" room. In March 2015,
462:
The changes in housing benefit have been criticised for having a disproportionate effect on disabled families. Two-thirds of individuals affected by the under-occupancy penalty are disabled. Historically, most care and support for disabled individuals was provided by
199:
There is a further category of exempt accommodation defined as "accommodation provided by a housing association, a registered charity or voluntary association where that body, or a person acting on its behalf, also provides the claimant with care or support"
816:
288:
We need to put an end to the unfair situation where the taxpayer is subsidising people to have homes, paid for by the state, with spare rooms they do not need. This is effectively a spare room subsidy. Britain cannot afford it and nor can the
275:
has tended to refer to the under-occupancy penalty as the removal of a "spare room subsidy" (implicitly taking into consideration the entire housing benefit paid out for the tenancy, rather than the net payment made by the tenant). Writing in
306:, who was the first MP to speak out against the bill, voted against. At their 2013 Spring Conference, members voted to review the policy that looks at the "money saved, costs incurred and the effect on vulnerable tenants". In March 2014
697:
253:
found that more of the public supported than opposed the reduction of housing benefit for under-occupying social housing tenants. The policy was most popular among owner occupiers and least popular among social renters. In July 2014, a
1758:
313:
time
President of the party) has also criticised the distorting effect that the under occupancy changes have on the market. Following their change in policy, the Liberal Democrats voted with Labour on 5 September 2014, for Lib Dem MP
626:
The Centre for
Housing Policy at the University of York concluded that the under-occupation policy has saved money, but that the potential savings forecast by the Department for Work and Pensions have been overestimated. The use of
147:
eligible rent, and if they have two or more spare bedrooms, it is reduced by 25%. The aim of the policy was to encourage social housing tenants to downsize to smaller properties, freeing up larger homes for families who need them.
432:
accommodation; since those people would be more likely to find themselves in overcrowded accommodation as compared to those affected by the penalty, the combined impact should be to reduce net costs, and reduce net overcrowding.
1618:
501:. The father had separated from his partner but was able to argue that his "spare" room was occupied by his son who stayed with him three nights a week. However, it was believed that the Government would challenge the ruling.
212:
ruled that failing to provide a bedroom for the partner of a severely disabled tenant was a breach of that partner's human rights to a home. A room is needed in that tenancy for the disabled partner's medical equipment.
426:
The under-occupancy penalty has been criticised for potentially costing more than it saves by forcing individuals into the private rented sector, where rents are higher, thereby increasing the cost to the taxpayer. The
640:
In response to this report, the
Liberal Democrats signalled a change in their support for the policy, with both Nick Clegg and Danny Alexander stating that they would like to see changes to the way it is implemented.
94:
said: "Imposing the cap on older tenants will not only cause them anxiety and distress, it is also pointless given the lack of affordable housing options available to them". It has not been applied to pensioners.
824:
318:
634:
In July 2014, a report was published by the DWP that said only one in twenty claimants affected by the change had downsized their property. A study published four months earlier had similar results.
1335:
423:, to cover the extra cost. This is encouraged by the government; potentially, this provides the tenant with a net profit, and reduces the total number of people seeking alternative accommodation.
1744:
1275:
694:
1625:
44:, resulting in them being obliged to fund this reduction from their incomes, move home, or face rent arrears and potential eviction by their landlord (be that the local authority or a
192:
A number of types of housing are exempt from the changes. These include those living in temporary accommodation, shared ownership accommodation and non-standard accommodation such as
1693:
408:
Protesters opposing the under occupancy penalty outside the
Scottish Parliament. The term "bedroom tax" is used by critics to describe the changes to social housing occupancy rules.
893:
553:
1200:
1650:
778:
1170:
717:
1884:
1308:
1904:
119:
637:
The report also showed that there has been great demand for downsizing properties but there has been nowhere near sufficient supply of suitable sized housing.
158:
introduced by the Labour government in 2008 for benefit claimants in private sector tenancies, except for the rules involving disability or the armed forces.
1237:
529:
ruled the bedroom tax discriminatory and incompatible with
Article 14 in conjunction with Article 1 Protocol 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
1283:
336:
In their 2015 General
Election manifesto the Scottish National Party stated that: "We will vote for the immediate abolition of the unfair bedroom tax".
1751:
302:
leadership supported the
Welfare Reform Act 2012. However, of the party's 57 MPs, 38 voted in favour, 18 abstained and one, Manchester Withington MP
1894:
1879:
519:
357:
60:
is the most commonly used term for the policy, especially by critics of the changes who argue that they amount to a tax because of the lack of
216:
If a "spare" bedroom is created following a death then a council tenant's housing benefit will not be reduced until a year after the death.
1538:
799:
325:
37:
669:
1006:
650:
491:
484:
381:
1497:
1478:
494:
would rule in March 2016 on whether the "bedroom tax" was illegal on the basis that it unfairly discriminated against disabled adults.
928:
385:
1032:
475:
for disabled people in this situation. The government has recently merged this grant into the general funding provided to councils.
560:
369:
64:(or in some areas, any rented accommodation) for affected tenants to downsize to (and the refusal to accept the risk of taking in
1899:
1889:
1853:
454:
reported that a woman had become liable for the bedroom tax after her son's death from a brain haemorrhage following an assault.
1654:
1057:
846:
757:
1711:
539:
946:
526:
983:
1858:
1832:
1811:
1426:
1255:
735:
628:
546:
472:
404:
135:
1178:
219:
The Welfare Supplementary Payments (Amendment) Bill provides protection to around 37,000 households in Northern Ireland.
1817:
1116:
1058:"What do the general election manifestos say about benefits? Labour, Lib Dem and Conservative policies in 2017 compared"
53:
115:
1312:
428:
1276:"Cochrane calls on Executive to explore all options to avoid 'Bedroom Tax' (The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland)"
1379:
1083:
314:
505:
377:
1405:
1452:
232:
110:, without attracting controversy. The 2012 legislation essentially represented an equalisation of treatment of
1201:"Green Party - Green Party leader speaks out against bedroom tax as she visits Tameside homelessness project"
114:, regardless of whether they live in private tenancies or social housing. The reforms formed one part of the
1848:
1779:
1678:
1336:"'Big lie' behind the bedroom tax: Families trapped with nowhere to move face penalty for having spare room"
303:
272:
155:
107:
49:
365:
299:
389:
361:
1736:
1140:
567:
1360:
483:
In July 2012, the High Court rejected the premise that the policy was a breach of Article 14 of the
1805:
498:
65:
45:
915:
90:
In 2016 it was announced that the penalty would be extended to pensioners. Caroline Abrahams of
673:
1600:
464:
345:
281:
111:
1784:
1590:
209:
180:
A non-resident carer (or group of carers) for a person in the house requiring overnight care
123:
40:(also called council or social housing) with rooms deemed "spare" experience a reduction in
1619:"Testing DWP Assessment of Impact of SRS Size Criterion on HB Costs University of York.pdf"
1498:"Bedroom Tax: 40,000 parents 'could appeal' after one dad defeats it - how you could do it"
701:
414:
41:
894:"Poll | More support than opposition for 'bedroom tax', but policy divides opinion"
17:
1822:
1731:
1595:
1578:
468:
308:
61:
1406:"A mother's anguish: A 'killer' took my son and now the Bedroom Tax will take my home"
960:
584:
1873:
1260:
1218:
1033:"'Bedroom tax' to be abolished as the Coalition is rocked by Lib Dem-Labour alliance"
440:
1826:
1651:"DWP cuts discretionary housing payments by £40m | News | Inside Housing"
1410:
1238:"Democratic Unionist Westminster leader lays out demands for supporting government"
803:
514:
445:
1676:
Watts, Joseph (28 March 2014). "'Failed' bedroom tax has only pushed 6% to move".
1515:
1152:
393:
328:
manifesto, the Liberal Democrats declared their intention to end the bedroom tax.
1007:"Lib Dem president will withdraw party's support for bedroom tax | Politics"
1799:
1794:
1789:
620:
373:
131:
127:
1563:
947:"The Public Whip — Welfare Reform Bill — Third Reading - 15 Jun 2011 at 19:00"
258:
poll found that 49% of people opposed "the bedroom tax" and 41% supported it.
250:
103:
1604:
183:
Where a room is required by a disabled child who is unable to share a bedroom
817:"Housing Benefit size restrictions in social housing: special circumstances"
616:
193:
106:
government during the decade beforehand in private-sector housing, as the
718:
Poorest pensioners to lose hundreds of pounds a year in 'new bedroom tax'
695:
Poorest pensioners to lose hundreds of pounds a year in 'new bedroom tax'
619:
reported that the Bedroom Tax lowered the quality of houses and created "
1577:
Gibbons, Stephen; Sanchez-Vidal, Maria; Silva, Olmo (15 December 2018).
1309:"Northern Ireland rejects bedroom tax | News | Inside Housing"
1090:
177:
Any other child (other than a foster child whose main home is elsewhere)
1380:"Bedroom tax plans are a levy on the grief of the poor | Michael Rosen"
420:
961:"Bedroom tax: Lib Dem conference says no – as do 53% of party members"
321:
to restrict the number of cases in which the penalty could be levied.
255:
91:
1732:
House of Commons briefing paper – under occupation of social housing
758:"Local authorities and advisers: removal of the spare room subsidy"
847:"'37,000 now have long term protection from bedroom tax' - Hargey"
403:
1694:"Evaluation of Removal of the Spare Room Subsidy: Interim Report"
1740:
869:
Under-occupation of social housing: Housing Benefit entitlement
497:
In May 2015, a father successfully challenged the penalty at a
118:'s wide-ranging welfare-reform agenda – sometimes known as the
721:
705:
579:
504:
In February 2016, a decision by the Upper Tribunal involving
36:
is a United Kingdom welfare policy whereby tenants living in
1479:"Disabled tenants to challenge bedroom tax in supreme court"
509:
a minimum size of 65.81 square feet for a rectangular room.
130:
to limit the total size of the welfare bill, reform of the
1539:"UK government loses supreme court fight over bedroom tax"
1219:"BBC Democracy Live - 'Scrap Bedroom Tax' say Plaid Cymru"
631:
has partly reduced the savings predicted for the penalty.
348:
pledged to repeal the act had they been elected in 2015.
800:
UK government loses supreme court fight over bedroom tax
154:
The rules for calculating allowed bedrooms are the same
596:
1427:"Bedroom tax has failed on every count | Society"
1303:
1301:
1453:"Bedroom tax legal challenge dismissed by high court"
554:
Rutherford v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
1153:"Manifesto watch: Where parties stand on key issues"
1841:
1772:
1767:
Welfare reform in the United Kingdom (2010-Present)
161:One bedroom is allowed for each of the following:
1171:"Abolish the bedroom tax-where's Labours pledge?"
249:In a November 2013, opinion poll carried out by
286:
240:receive benefits based on their household need.
237:
174:Two children who are under 10 regardless of sex
1141:Trade Union and Socialist Coalition Press Pack
929:"Britain cannot afford the spare room subsidy"
888:
886:
356:The under-occupancy penalty is opposed by the
102:A similar policy was enacted by the preceding
68:). The bedroom tax is also referred to as the
1752:
1712:"Nick Clegg defends bedroom tax policy shift"
672:. National Housing Federation. Archived from
568:RR v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
561:Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council v BF (HB)
120:United Kingdom government austerity programme
8:
298:As members of the Coalition government, the
48:). The policy was introduced as part of the
1084:"Stronger for Scotland: SNP Manifesto 2015"
773:
771:
490:In January 2015, it was announced that the
1759:
1745:
1737:
984:"Lib Dems propose to overhaul bedroom tax"
871:, House of Commons Library, SN/SP/6272 p 4
99:ease housing shortages and overcrowding.
1594:
231:In 2012, speaking in the House of Lords,
1564:"HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights"
1361:"'Bedroom tax' will cost taxpayers more"
779:"Under Occupancy (bedroom tax) Charges"
661:
512:On 13 November 2019, according to the
487:due to the effect on disabled people.
358:Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition
1885:Social security in the United Kingdom
1256:"SDLP vow to block hated bedroom tax"
171:Two children of the same sex under 16
122:– which included the introduction of
7:
1905:Public housing in the United Kingdom
1583:Regional Science and Urban Economics
1537:Weaver, Matthew (13 November 2019).
963:. Libdemvoice.org. 17 September 2013
849:. Dept for Communities. 1 March 2022
547:SSWP v David Nelson and Fife Council
382:Social Democratic & Labour Party
1780:Under-occupancy penalty/Bedroom Tax
1518:. Ministry of Justice. 8 April 2016
1404:Armstrong, Jeremy (15 March 2015).
651:Welfare state in the United Kingdom
492:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
485:European Convention on Human Rights
1596:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.12.002
1378:Rosen, Michael (14 January 2014).
1117:"Drop bedroom tax now, says Byrne"
1031:McSmith, Andy (5 September 2014).
736:"How to deal with the bedroom tax"
386:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
370:Green Party of England & Wales
168:Each other person aged 16 and over
138:to reform of disability benefits.
25:
1425:Butler, Patrick (28 March 2014).
1854:Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016
1477:Jamie Doward (10 January 2015).
1115:Liam Kelly (20 September 2013).
1005:Patrick Wintour (2 April 2014).
583:
1236:Nicholas Watt (11 March 2015).
916:Bedroom tax as divisive as ever
781:. Trafford.gov.uk. 1 April 2013
540:Lall v Westminster City Council
1710:Nicholas Watt (17 July 2014).
1334:Dugan, Emily (5 August 2013).
527:European Court of Human Rights
473:discretionary housing payments
262:Positions of political parties
156:as for Local Housing Allowance
136:Personal Independence Payments
116:2010–2015 Coalition Government
1:
1895:Welfare in the United Kingdom
1880:Housing in the United Kingdom
1859:Housing and Planning Act 2016
1833:Support for Mortgage Interest
1812:Personal Independence Payment
982:Brown, Carl (28 March 2014).
918:’, 18 July 2014, YouGov.co.uk
629:Discretionary Housing Payment
27:United Kingdom welfare policy
1818:Employment Support Allowance
1496:Julia Rampen (27 May 2015).
880:HL Deb 14 February 2012 c706
54:Premiership of David Cameron
1624:. riverside. Archived from
1451:Shiv Malik (30 July 2013).
429:National Housing Federation
1921:
506:Stevenage Borough Council
458:Effect on disabled people
378:Democratic Unionist Party
134:and the introduction of
126:, the introduction of a
81:under-occupation charge
74:under occupation penalty
18:Under-occupation penalty
1900:Under-occupancy penalty
1890:Welfare Reform Act 2012
1849:Welfare Reform Act 2012
1679:London Evening Standard
738:. Shelter. 18 July 2022
332:Scottish National Party
108:Local Housing Allowance
78:under-occupancy charge,
70:under-occupancy penalty
50:Welfare Reform Act 2012
1175:British National Party
700:2 October 2016 at the
409:
366:British National Party
291:
280:Conservative Minister
242:
228:housing benefit bill.
821:citizensadvice.org.uk
407:
390:Ulster Unionist Party
362:UK Independence Party
326:2017 general election
204:), "or supervision" (
319:private members bill
1806:Council Tax Support
1516:"2016 UKUT 164 AAC"
1264:. 19 November 2013.
1159:. 25 February 2015.
46:housing association
1657:on 4 February 2015
1367:. 6 February 2013.
1223:BBC Democracy Live
867:Wilson, W. (2013)
595:. You can help by
469:their predecessors
410:
273:Conservative Party
196:and mobile homes.
52:passed during the
1867:
1866:
1579:"The bedroom tax"
1280:allianceparty.org
1205:greenparty.org.uk
914:William Jordan, ‘
613:
612:
300:Liberal Democrats
294:Liberal Democrats
282:Iain Duncan Smith
206:sheltered housing
202:supported housing
112:benefit claimants
16:(Redirected from
1912:
1804:Localisation of
1785:Universal Credit
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1653:. Archived from
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1631:on 13 April 2014
1630:
1623:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1311:. Archived from
1305:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1282:. Archived from
1272:
1266:
1265:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1177:. Archived from
1167:
1161:
1160:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1096:on 26 April 2015
1095:
1089:. Archived from
1088:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
986:. Inside Housing
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
957:
951:
950:
943:
937:
936:
925:
919:
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
890:
881:
878:
872:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
823:. Archived from
813:
807:
797:
791:
790:
788:
786:
775:
766:
765:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
732:
726:
715:
709:
692:
686:
685:
683:
681:
666:
608:
605:
587:
580:
479:Legal challenges
452:The Daily Mirror
412:In August 2013,
210:UK Supreme Court
124:Universal Credit
21:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1837:
1768:
1765:
1728:
1723:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1699:. 15 July 2014.
1696:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1340:The Independent
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1315:on 2 April 2015
1307:
1306:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1286:on 2 April 2015
1274:
1273:
1269:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1181:on 2 April 2015
1169:
1168:
1164:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1037:The Independent
1030:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
981:
980:
976:
966:
964:
959:
958:
954:
945:
944:
940:
935:. 7 March 2013.
933:Telegraph.co.uk
927:
926:
922:
913:
909:
899:
897:
892:
891:
884:
879:
875:
866:
862:
852:
850:
845:
844:
840:
830:
828:
815:
814:
810:
798:
794:
784:
782:
777:
776:
769:
756:
755:
751:
741:
739:
734:
733:
729:
716:
712:
702:Wayback Machine
693:
689:
679:
677:
676:on 17 July 2014
668:
667:
663:
659:
647:
609:
603:
600:
593:needs expansion
578:
535:
481:
460:
438:
436:Impact of death
415:The Independent
402:
354:
342:
334:
296:
269:
264:
247:
225:
190:
165:An adult couple
144:
42:Housing Benefit
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1823:Work Programme
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1726:External links
1724:
1722:
1721:
1702:
1685:
1668:
1642:
1610:
1569:
1555:
1529:
1507:
1488:
1469:
1443:
1417:
1396:
1370:
1365:Channel 4 News
1352:
1326:
1297:
1267:
1247:
1228:
1210:
1192:
1162:
1144:
1133:
1107:
1075:
1049:
1023:
997:
974:
952:
938:
920:
907:
882:
873:
860:
838:
827:on 27 May 2015
808:
792:
767:
749:
727:
710:
687:
660:
658:
655:
654:
653:
646:
643:
611:
610:
590:
588:
577:
574:
573:
572:
564:
557:
550:
543:
534:
531:
480:
477:
465:local councils
459:
456:
437:
434:
401:
398:
353:
350:
341:
338:
333:
330:
309:Inside Housing
295:
292:
268:
265:
263:
260:
246:
245:Public opinion
243:
224:
221:
189:
186:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
143:
140:
62:social housing
38:public housing
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1917:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1669:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1261:Derry Journal
1257:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1225:. 7 May 2014.
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1064:. 8 June 2017
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1012:
1008:
1001:
998:
985:
978:
975:
962:
956:
953:
948:
942:
939:
934:
930:
924:
921:
917:
911:
908:
895:
889:
887:
883:
877:
874:
870:
864:
861:
848:
842:
839:
826:
822:
818:
812:
809:
806:
805:
801:
796:
793:
780:
774:
772:
768:
763:
759:
753:
750:
737:
731:
728:
724:
723:
719:
714:
711:
708:
707:
703:
699:
696:
691:
688:
675:
671:
670:"Bedroom Tax"
665:
662:
656:
652:
649:
648:
644:
642:
638:
635:
632:
630:
624:
622:
618:
607:
598:
594:
591:This section
589:
586:
582:
581:
575:
570:
569:
565:
563:
562:
558:
556:
555:
551:
549:
548:
544:
542:
541:
537:
536:
532:
530:
528:
525:In 2019, the
523:
521:
517:
516:
510:
507:
502:
500:
495:
493:
488:
486:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
457:
455:
453:
448:
447:
442:
441:Michael Rosen
435:
433:
430:
424:
422:
417:
416:
406:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
352:Other parties
351:
349:
347:
339:
337:
331:
329:
327:
322:
320:
316:
315:Andrew George
311:
310:
305:
301:
293:
290:
285:
283:
279:
278:The Telegraph
274:
267:Conservatives
266:
261:
259:
257:
252:
244:
241:
236:
234:
229:
222:
220:
217:
214:
211:
207:
203:
197:
195:
187:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
157:
152:
148:
141:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
96:
93:
88:
86:
85:size criteria
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
1827:Help to Work
1716:The Guardian
1715:
1705:
1688:
1682:. p. 6.
1677:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1613:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1543:The Guardian
1542:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1510:
1501:
1491:
1483:The Guardian
1482:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1457:The Guardian
1456:
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1431:The Guardian
1430:
1420:
1411:Daily Mirror
1409:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1384:the Guardian
1383:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1339:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1288:. Retrieved
1284:the original
1279:
1270:
1259:
1250:
1242:The Guardian
1241:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1121:The Guardian
1120:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:Daily Mirror
1061:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1011:The Guardian
1010:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
977:
965:. Retrieved
955:
941:
932:
923:
910:
898:. Retrieved
896:. Ipsos MORI
876:
868:
863:
851:. Retrieved
841:
829:. Retrieved
825:the original
820:
811:
804:The Guardian
802:
795:
783:. Retrieved
761:
752:
740:. Retrieved
730:
720:
713:
704:
690:
678:. Retrieved
674:the original
664:
639:
636:
633:
625:
614:
601:
597:adding to it
592:
566:
559:
552:
545:
538:
524:
513:
511:
503:
496:
489:
482:
461:
451:
446:The Guardian
444:
439:
425:
413:
411:
384:(SDLP), the
355:
346:Labour Party
343:
335:
323:
307:
297:
287:
284:has argued:
277:
270:
248:
238:
230:
226:
218:
215:
205:
201:
198:
191:
160:
153:
149:
145:
101:
97:
89:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
57:
33:
31:
29:
1842:Legislation
1800:Pay to Stay
1795:Welfare cap
1790:Benefit cap
1661:9 September
1548:13 November
1042:6 September
621:ghost towns
443:writing in
374:Plaid Cymru
132:Council Tax
128:welfare cap
58:Bedroom tax
34:bedroom tax
1874:Categories
1831:Reform of
1816:Reform of
1810:Reform of
1589:: 103418.
990:6 November
853:9 November
742:9 November
657:References
604:April 2014
304:John Leech
251:Ipsos Mori
233:Lord Freud
194:houseboats
188:Exemptions
104:New Labour
1605:0166-0462
1068:30 August
617:Channel 4
615:In 2015,
520:Lady Hale
394:Sinn Féin
324:In their
289:taxpayer.
223:Rationale
1635:14 April
1522:11 April
1462:14 April
1436:14 April
1389:14 April
1345:14 April
1319:12 March
1290:12 March
1157:BBC News
1126:14 April
1016:14 April
967:14 April
900:14 April
785:14 April
698:Archived
645:See also
533:Case law
515:Guardian
499:tribunal
419:take in
400:Reaction
235:stated:
1773:Reforms
1185:8 March
1100:20 June
680:17 July
522:said".
421:lodgers
208:). The
66:lodgers
1603:
1502:Mirror
831:27 May
762:gov.uk
576:Effect
571:(2019)
467:, and
388:, the
380:, the
376:, the
368:, the
364:, the
360:, the
340:Labour
256:YouGov
142:Policy
92:Age UK
1697:(PDF)
1629:(PDF)
1622:(PDF)
1094:(PDF)
1087:(PDF)
1825:and
1663:2015
1637:2014
1601:ISSN
1550:2019
1524:2016
1464:2014
1438:2014
1391:2014
1347:2014
1321:2015
1292:2015
1187:2015
1128:2014
1102:2015
1070:2018
1044:2014
1018:2014
992:2019
969:2014
902:2014
855:2022
833:2015
787:2014
744:2022
682:2014
392:and
344:The
271:The
32:The
1591:doi
722:BBC
706:BBC
599:.
317:'s
83:or
1876::
1714:.
1599:.
1587:82
1585:.
1581:.
1541:.
1500:.
1481:.
1455:.
1429:.
1408:.
1382:.
1363:.
1338:.
1300:^
1278:.
1258:.
1240:.
1221:.
1203:.
1173:.
1155:.
1119:.
1060:.
1035:.
1009:.
931:.
885:^
819:.
770:^
760:.
396:.
372:,
87:.
76:,
72:,
56:.
1760:e
1753:t
1746:v
1718:.
1665:.
1639:.
1607:.
1593::
1566:.
1552:.
1526:.
1504:.
1485:.
1466:.
1440:.
1414:.
1393:.
1349:.
1323:.
1294:.
1244:.
1207:.
1189:.
1130:.
1104:.
1072:.
1046:.
1020:.
994:.
971:.
949:.
904:.
857:.
835:.
789:.
764:.
746:.
684:.
606:)
602:(
200:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.