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Poisons, vehicle collisions and falls are the most common causes of fatal injuries. According to a 2005 survey of injuries sustained at home, which used data from the
National Vital Statistics System of the United States
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have been proposed to model the number of minor problems vs. the number of serious incidents. These include
Heinrich's triangle and Frank E. Bird's accident ratio triangle (proposed in 1966 and shown above).
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Many models to characterize and analyze accidents have been proposed, which can be classified by type. No single model is the sole correct approach. Notable types and models include:
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Physical examples of accidents include unintended motor vehicle collisions, tongue biting while eating, electric shock by accidentally touching bare electric wire, drowning,
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The United States also collects statistically valid injury data (sampled from 100 hospitals) through the
National Electronic Injury Surveillance System administered by the
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1227:
1048:
1618:
1573:
274:
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789:
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Reason, James T. (1991). "Too Little and Too Late: A Commentary on
Accident and Incident Reporting". In Van Der Schaaf, T.W.; Lucas, D.A.; Hale, A.R. (eds.).
1508:
199:(ILO), more than 337 million accidents happen on the job each year, resulting, together with occupational diseases, in more than 2.3 million deaths annually.
80:, its fall may not have been caused by humans, but the tree's type, size, health, location, or improper maintenance may have contributed to the result. Most
2488:
1207:
Yvonne Toft; Geoff Dell; Karen K Klockner; Allison Hutton (2012). "Models of
Causation: Safety". In HaSPA (Health and Safety Professionals Alliance) (ed.).
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and focus on factors that increase risk of severe injury and that reduce injury incidence and severity. For example, when a tree falls down during a
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1523:
1302:
Svenson, Ola (September 1991). "The
Accident Evolution and Barrier Function (AEB) Model Applied to Incident Analysis in the Processing Industries".
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It has been argued by some critics that vehicle collisions are not truly accidents, given that they are mostly caused by preventable causes such as
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Runyan CW, Casteel C, Perkis D, et al. (January 2005). "Unintentional injuries in the home in the United States Part I: mortality".
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In the process industry, a primary accident may propagate to nearby units, resulting in a chain of accidents, which is called
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Incidence of accidents (of a severity of resulting in seeking medical care), sorted by activity (in
Denmark in 2002)
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Prevention of
Accidents and Unwanted Occurrences: Theory, Methods, and Tools in Safety Management, Second Edition
557:. This program was revised in 2000 to include all injuries rather than just injuries involving products. Data on
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are not true accidents; however, English speakers started using that word in the mid-20th century as a result of
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or otherwise saying something incorrectly, accidental deletion of data, or forgetting an appointment.
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175:, being injured by touching something sharp or hot, or bumping into something while walking.
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is an unintended, normally unwanted event that was not directly caused by humans. The term
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Leveson, Nancy (April 2004). "A new accident model for engineering safer systems".
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550:, falls, poisoning, and fire/burn injuries are the most common causes of death.
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and intentionally driving too fast, and as such should not be referred to as
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1996:
1911:
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has available on their website extensive statistics on workplace accidents.
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2003:
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962:"We don't say "plane accident." We shouldn't say "car accident" either"
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Since 'accidents' by definition deprive us of first-order human causes…
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Accidents during the execution of work or arising out of it are called
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Onward mappings model based on resident pathogens metaphor
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245: with: data on vehicular collisions. You can help by
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Unintentional injury deaths per million persons in 2012
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449:
403:
357:
311:
246:
1049:
National
Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)
178:
Non-physical examples are unintentionally revealing a
1159:–245, see also pp. 140–141, 147–153, also on Kindle.
1362:
Normal
Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies
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Assertions that all existing models are insufficient
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Systems-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP)
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277:has asked media and the public to not use the word
1147:Taylor, G.A.; Easter, K.M.; Hegney, R.P. (2004).
1126:
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2456:International Association of Emergency Managers
27:Unforeseen event, often with a negative outcome
275:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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1462:
1145:A long list of books and papers is given in:
790:List of accidents and disasters by death toll
647:Reason model of system safety (embedding the
8:
856:Aisles: Safety and regulatory considerations
1251:Bird, Frank E.; Germain, George L. (1985).
1180:Kjellen, Urban; Albrechtsen, Eirik (2017).
2461:International Disaster and Risk Conference
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1000:". International Labour Organization (ILO)
900:The Rhetoric of Intention in Human Affairs
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2471:International Disaster Emergency Service
1255:. International Loss Control Institute.
1151:Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health
64:, but the event may have been caused by
1349:. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 9–26.
1043:
1041:
889:
615:Accident evolution and barrier function
682:Functional resonance analysis Method (
1216:. Safety Institute of Australia Ltd.
1100:"Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities"
561:visits is also collected through the
548:National Center for Health Statistics
7:
1347:Near Miss Reporting as a Safety Tool
1058:. Database query available through:
955:
953:
951:
655:Healthcare error proliferation model
45:A memorial to the 97 victims of the
2484:
2450:List of civil defense organisations
930:Injury Epidemiology: Fourth Edition
1324:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00635.x
555:Consumer Product Safety Commission
25:
2128:Structural failures and collapses
1253:Practical Loss Control Leadership
698:are sometimes used to illustrate
197:International Labour Organization
66:unrecognized or unaddressed risks
2483:
960:Stromberg, Joseph (2015-07-20).
842:Aviation accidents and incidents
563:National Health Interview Survey
482:
436:
390:
344:
298:
291:Aviation accidents and incidents
285:Aviation accidents and incidents
281:to describe vehicle collisions.
233:
2466:Disaster Accountability Project
1233:from the original on 2017-02-25
1110:from the original on 2019-06-02
972:from the original on 2021-09-07
937:from the original on 2018-01-26
903:. Lexington Books. p. 41.
866:Nuclear and radiation accidents
612:Generalized time sequence model
88:by the US automobile industry.
1133:Industrial Accident Prevention
721:Occupational safety and health
206:-related accidents are mainly
68:. Most researchers who study
60:implies that nobody should be
1:
1411:10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00047-X
991:ILO Safety and Health at Work
731:Personal protective equipment
2374:Emergency population warning
2067:Unrelated to natural hazards
2024:Potentially hazardous object
1024:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.010
2267:Crowd collapses and crushes
1080:Emergency Department Visits
927:Robertson, Leon S. (2015).
533:Preventable causes of death
36:Accidental (disambiguation)
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897:Woodward, Gary C. (2013).
567:Bureau of Labor Statistics
530:
472:
426:
380:
334:
288:
29:
2479:
2384:Earthquake warning system
1639:
1544:Great Britain and Ireland
1186:. CRC Press. p. 75.
167:Physical and non-physical
32:Accident (disambiguation)
1360:Perrow, Charles (1984).
224:Versailles rail accident
2338:Earthquake preparedness
2333:Disaster risk reduction
2277:Environmental disasters
1131:H.W. Heinreich (1931).
620:Epidemiological models
515:Domino effect accidents
2429:List of disaster films
2379:Emergency Alert System
2343:Hurricane preparedness
822:List of rail accidents
603:Complex linear models
585:
542:
521:domino effect accident
227:
163:
49:
18:Unintentional injuries
1283:Gibson, Haddon, Viner
1210:OHS Body of Knowledge
1155:. Elsevier. pp.
850:Other specific topics
609:Time sequence models
580:
540:
273:. Since 1994, the US
222:
186:Accidents by activity
99:
72:avoid using the term
47:Hillsborough disaster
44:
2394:Emergency management
871:Criticality accident
806:Road vehicle safety
598:Loss causation model
559:emergency department
215:Accidents by vehicle
70:unintentional injury
30:For other uses, see
2299:Terrorist incidents
1316:1991RiskA..11..499S
766:Root cause analysis
700:root-cause analysis
606:Energy damage model
195:. According to the
2399:Hurricane response
2245:Disease of despair
2155:Civilian radiation
1675:list by death toll
1085:2017-07-11 at the
1065:2013-04-23 at the
1054:2013-03-13 at the
996:2022-01-19 at the
773:Accident-proneness
736:Safety engineering
671:Non-linear models
649:Swiss cheese model
592:Sequential models
586:
582:Accident triangles
565:. In The U.S. the
543:
494:. You can help by
448:. You can help by
423:Traffic collisions
402:. You can help by
377:Maritime incidents
356:. You can help by
310:. You can help by
228:
164:
86:media manipulation
50:
2520:Accident analysis
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2404:Crisis management
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2039:Geomagnetic storm
2012:
2011:
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1749:Soil liquefaction
1671:Natural disasters
1223:978-0-9808743-1-0
1193:978-1-4987-3666-4
1060:NEISS Injury Data
910:978-0-7391-7905-5
861:Explosives safety
832:Maritime incident
815:Traffic collision
810:Automobile safety
783:Injury prevention
761:Accident analysis
696:Ishikawa diagrams
660:Human reliability
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331:Bicycle accidents
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16:(Redirected from
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2165:Military nuclear
2160:Civilian nuclear
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1971:Tropical cyclone
1965:Tornado outbreak
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1759:Volcano eruption
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1402:10.1.1.141.697
1395:(4): 237–270.
1388:Safety Science
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1371:978-0465051434
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1310:(3): 499–507.
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1135:. McGraw-Hill.
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677:
669:
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664:
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645:
639:
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633:Process model
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473:Main article:
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464:
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443:
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427:Main article:
424:
421:
418:
417:
397:
395:
381:Main article:
378:
375:
372:
371:
351:
349:
337:Bicycle safety
335:Main article:
332:
329:
326:
325:
305:
303:
289:Main article:
286:
283:
261:
260:
240:
238:
216:
213:
212:
211:
200:
193:work accidents
187:
184:
168:
165:
156:
150:
144:
138:
132:
126:
120:
114:
108:
102:
101:
93:
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26:
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14:
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3:
2:
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2464:
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2459:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2446:Civil defense
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:Organizations
2437:
2430:
2426:
2425:Disaster film
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2409:Disaster area
2407:
2405:
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2256:
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2238:
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2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:Famine scales
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:by death toll
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Meteor shower
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
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1937:
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1881:
1871:
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1864:
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1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:Coastal flood
1830:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1795:
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1706:
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1701:
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1660:
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1619:United States
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1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:by death toll
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
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1449:
1445:
1439:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1403:
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1390:
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1378:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:Risk Analysis
1298:
1295:
1289:
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1277:
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1264:
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1254:
1247:
1244:
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1189:
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1075:
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1064:
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1057:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:Am J Prev Med
1006:
1003:
999:
995:
992:
986:
983:
971:
967:
963:
956:
954:
952:
948:
936:
932:
931:
923:
920:
916:
912:
906:
902:
901:
893:
890:
883:
879:
878:Sports injury
876:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
849:
843:
840:
839:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:Tram accident
825:
823:
820:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
803:
800:
799:
795:
791:
788:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
774:
771:
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764:
763:
762:
759:
757:
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752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
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729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
714:
709:
707:
706:discussions.
705:
701:
697:
688:
685:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
670:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
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643:
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635:
634:
632:
625:
622:
621:
619:
614:
611:
610:
608:
605:
604:
602:
597:
595:Domino theory
594:
593:
591:
590:
589:
583:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
539:
534:
527:Common causes
526:
524:
522:
514:
506:
503:December 2023
497:
493:
490:This section
488:
485:
481:
480:
476:
468:
460:
457:December 2023
451:
447:
444:This section
442:
439:
435:
434:
430:
422:
414:
411:December 2023
405:
401:
398:This section
396:
393:
389:
388:
384:
376:
368:
365:December 2023
359:
355:
352:This section
350:
347:
343:
342:
338:
330:
322:
319:December 2023
313:
309:
306:This section
304:
301:
297:
296:
292:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:drunk driving
257:
254:December 2023
248:
244:
241:This section
239:
236:
232:
231:
225:
221:
214:
209:
205:
202:In contrast,
201:
198:
194:
190:
189:
185:
183:
181:
176:
174:
166:
154: 656–834
148: 575–655
142: 506–574
136: 437–505
130: 388–436
124: 339–387
118: 288–338
112: 248–287
106: 107–247
98:
91:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
2353:Survival kit
2175:Levee breach
2074:
2029:Impact event
2017:Astronomical
1951:Thunderstorm
1946:Bomb cyclone
1810:Hydrological
1779:Volcanic ash
1744:Seismic risk
1692:Mass wasting
1443:
1428:
1419:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1340:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1252:
1246:
1235:. Retrieved
1209:
1202:
1182:
1175:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1112:. Retrieved
1103:
1094:
1074:
1015:
1011:
1005:
985:
974:. Retrieved
965:
939:. Retrieved
929:
922:
914:
899:
892:
694:
587:
552:
544:
518:
500:
496:adding to it
491:
469:Train wrecks
454:
450:adding to it
445:
408:
404:adding to it
399:
362:
358:adding to it
353:
316:
312:adding to it
307:
278:
270:
264:
251:
247:adding to it
242:
177:
170:
73:
57:
53:
51:
2489:WikiProject
2389:Evacuations
2326:Preparation
2235:Biosecurity
2110:Spaceflight
2044:Solar flare
1930:Megadrought
1890:Temperature
1863:Megatsunami
1842:Storm surge
1837:Flash flood
1715:Debris flow
1604:South Korea
1584:Philippines
1574:New Zealand
1432:Dekker 2011
1104:www.bls.gov
1018:(1): 73–9.
746:Idiot-proof
636:Benner 1975
623:Gordon 1949
475:Train wreck
2504:Categories
2170:Oil spills
2120:Industrial
1725:Earthquake
1683:Geological
1514:Bangladesh
1237:2017-03-25
1166:0750661976
1114:2014-04-02
976:2021-09-07
941:2017-12-09
884:References
837:Air safety
666:Woods 1994
531:See also:
82:car wrecks
78:wind storm
2510:Accidents
2100:Shipwreck
2083:Transport
2075:Accidents
2054:Hypernova
2049:Supernova
1997:Firestorm
1912:Heat wave
1907:Ice storm
1902:Cold wave
1705:Avalanche
1700:Landslide
1633:Disasters
1559:Indonesia
1509:Australia
1478:Disasters
1397:CiteSeerX
1271:858460141
751:Poka-yoke
741:Fail-safe
704:five whys
644:Rasmussen
271:accidents
2289:Military
2259:Man-made
2230:Pandemic
2218:Epidemic
2095:Maritime
2004:ARkStorm
1992:Wildfire
1897:Blizzard
1797:Sinkhole
1614:Thailand
1594:Portugal
1579:Pakistan
1485:Overview
1228:Archived
1108:Archived
1083:Archived
1063:Archived
1052:Archived
1032:15626560
994:Archived
970:Archived
935:Archived
710:See also
279:accident
74:accident
58:accident
54:accident
2515:Failure
2143:Nuclear
1987:Derecho
1961:Tornado
1922:Drought
1858:Tsunami
1710:Mudflow
1624:Vietnam
1599:Romania
1539:Estonia
1529:Croatia
1502:by cost
1332:1947355
1312:Bibcode
715:General
226:in 1842
204:leisure
2525:Safety
2348:Safety
2201:Famine
2194:Health
2133:Bridge
1609:Sweden
1589:Poland
1519:Canada
1399:
1368:
1330:
1269:
1259:
1220:
1190:
1163:
1089:. CDC.
1078:NCHS.
1047:CPSC.
1030:
907:
778:Injury
726:Safety
180:secret
158:
152:
146:
140:
134:
128:
122:
116:
110:
104:
62:blamed
2418:Media
2304:Riots
1980:Other
1851:Other
1818:Flood
1772:Lahar
1569:Malta
1564:Japan
1554:India
1549:Haiti
1524:China
1492:Lists
1292:Viner
1231:(PDF)
1214:(PDF)
173:falls
92:Types
2294:Wars
2223:list
2206:List
2090:Rail
1955:Hail
1823:List
1730:List
1366:ISBN
1328:PMID
1267:OCLC
1257:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1028:PMID
905:ISBN
702:and
684:FRAM
34:and
2138:Dam
2105:Air
1407:doi
1320:doi
1157:241
1020:doi
966:Vox
498:.
452:.
406:.
360:.
314:.
249:.
52:An
2506::
1673:–
1405:.
1393:42
1391:.
1326:.
1318:.
1308:11
1306:.
1265:.
1226:.
1123:^
1106:.
1102:.
1040:^
1026:.
1016:28
1014:.
968:.
964:.
950:^
913:.
651:)
523:.
2452:)
2448:(
2431:)
2427:(
1967:)
1963:(
1957:)
1953:(
1825:)
1821:(
1732:)
1728:(
1663:e
1656:t
1649:v
1470:e
1463:t
1456:v
1413:.
1409::
1374:.
1334:.
1322::
1314::
1273:.
1240:.
1196:.
1169:.
1117:.
1069:.
1034:.
1022::
989:"
979:.
944:.
686:)
505:)
501:(
459:)
455:(
413:)
409:(
367:)
363:(
321:)
317:(
256:)
252:(
210:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
