Wells Fargo (1852–1998) - Knowledge (XXG)

526: 1454:. The last made a serious bid for First Interstate, with the two banks reaching a formal merger agreement in November valued initially at $ 10.3 billion. But First Bank ran into regulatory difficulties with the way it had structured its offer and was forced to bow out of the takeover battle in mid-January 1996. Talks between Wells Fargo and First Interstate then led within days to a merger agreement. In January 1996, Wells Fargo announced the acquisition of First Interstate Bancorp for $ 11.6 billion. The newly enlarged Wells Fargo had assets of about $ 116 billion, loans of $ 72 billion, and deposits of $ 89 billion. It ranked as the ninth largest bank in the United States. 1415:

as to who would run the combined firm. One issue centered around technology. Even though American Express was going through a very expensive and ambitious technological upgrade, it still would have lagged greatly behind Wells Fargo's systems, posing tremendous integration risk. Also, there would have been regulatory issues, especially since American Express owned an insurance company, Investors Diversified Services (doing business as American Express Financial Advisors), and this would have had to have been divested. In the end, it was decided not to go through with the merger.

518: 688: 510: 764: 772: 704: 812: 534: 1466:, as well as the small-staffed supermarket branches, at the expense of traditional branch banking. By contrast, First Interstate had emphasized personalized relationship banking, and its customers were used to dealing with tellers and bankers, not machines. This led to a mass exodus of First Interstate management talent and to the alienation of numerous customers, many of whom took their banking business elsewhere. 1087:

market share of the retail savings trade increased more than two points, a substantial increase in California's competitive banking climate. With its increased deposits, Wells Fargo was able to reduce its borrowings from the Federal Reserve, and the 0.5% premium paid for deposits was more than made up for by the savings in interest payments. In 1975, the rest of the California banks instituted a 5% passbook

1483:, which was announced in June 1998. The deal was completed in November of that year and was valued at $ 31.7 billion. Although Norwest was the nominal survivor, the merged company retained the Wells Fargo name because of the latter's greater public recognition and the former's regional connotations. The merged company remained based in San Francisco based on the bank's $ 54 billion in deposits in 545: 1308:

trust and agency businesses. Over 70 domestic bank branches and 15 foreign branches were also closed during this period. In 1987, Wells Fargo set aside large reserves to cover potential losses on its Latin American loans, most notably to Brazil and Mexico. This caused its net income to drop sharply, but, by mid-1989, the bank had sold or written off all of its medium- and long-term

938:, experienced a run when speculators were unable to pay for stock they had purchased. The run quickly spread to other New York banks, which were forced to suspend payment, and then to Chicago and the rest of the country. Wells Fargo lost $ 1 million in deposits weekly for six weeks in a row. The years following the panic were committed to a slow and painstaking recovery. 59: 700:

enterprise that operated under the Wells Fargo name and combined the Wells Fargo, Holladay, and Overland Mail lines and became the undisputed stagecoach leader. Barney resigned as president of Wells Fargo to devote more time to his own business, the United States Express Company; Louis McLane replaced him when the merger was completed on November 1, 1866.

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Hazen. Wells Fargo Bank entered 1995 as the second largest bank in California and the seventh-largest in the United States, with $ 51 billion in assets. Under Hazen, the bank continued to improve its loan portfolio, boost service offerings, and cut operating costs. During 1995, Wells Fargo Nikko Investment Advisors was sold to

1058:. Although the bank always had the right to use the name for banking, American Express had retained the right to use it for other financial services. Wells Fargo could now use its name in any area of financial services it chose (except the armored car trade—those rights had been sold to another company two years earlier). 1523:

years to complete the integration, while the cost-cutting goal was a more modest $ 650 million in annual savings within three years. Rather than the hasty mass layoffs that were typical of many mergers, Wells Fargo announced a phased workforce reduction of 4,000 to 5,000 employees over a two-year period.

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During 1995, Wells Fargo initiated discussions to merge with American Express. This merger would have been notable since both companies were founded by the same people, Wells and Fargo. It was thought that this merger could give Wells a more global presence. However, egos clashed within the companies

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A significant Wells Fargo policy change, following the scandal, was that consecutive, annual two-week employee vacations became mandatory, since Lewis, during the approximately 850-day life of the MAPS embezzlement fraud, "was never late, never absent, and never took a single vacation day in over two

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rather than having to create special divisions within the bank. The charter conversion was completed on August 15, 1968, with the bank renamed Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. The bank successfully completed a number of acquisitions during 1968 as well. The Bank of Pasadena, First National Bank of Azusa, Azusa

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Wells Fargo & Company's major subsidiary, Wells Fargo Bank, was still debt-ridden and had issued many relatively risky real estate loans in the late 1980s, though the bank had greatly improved its loan-loss ratio since the early 1980s. The company continued to thrive during the early 1990s under

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at a time when American banks were generally going for 190%. In addition, Midland kept about $ 3.5 billion in loans of dubious value. Crocker doubled the strength of Wells Fargo's primary market, making it the tenth-largest bank in the United States. In the 18 months following the acquisition; 5,700

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The early 1980s saw a sharp decline in Wells Fargo's performance. Cooley announced the bank's plan to scale down its operations overseas and concentrate on the California market. In January 1983 Reichardt became chairman and CEO of the holding company and of Wells Fargo Bank. Cooley, who had led the

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in 1968 with several other American banks, was hard hit by the recession of 1974 and failed. Unfavorable exchange rates hit Wells Fargo for another $ 2 million in 1975. In response, the bank slowed its overseas expansion program and concentrated on developing overseas branches of its own rather than

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The war years were prosperous and uneventful for Wells Fargo. Isaias W. Hellman III was elected president in 1943. In the 1950s he began a modest expansion program, acquiring the First National Bank of Antioch in 1954 and the First National Bank of San Mateo County in 1955 and opening a small branch

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promoters, led by Danielle Pepe, organized the Pacific Union Express Company to compete with Wells Fargo. The Tevis group also started buying up Wells Fargo stock at its sharply reduced price. On October 4, 1869, William Fargo, his brother Charles, and Ashbel Barney met with Tevis and his associates

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In its early days, Wells Fargo participated in the staging business to support its banking and express businesses. But the character of Wells Fargo's participation changed when it helped start the Overland Mail Company. Overland Mail was organized in 1857 by men with substantial interests in four of

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president and CEO. At 42, Cooley was one of the youngest men to head a major bank. Stephen Chase became chairman. Cooley's rise to the top had been a quick one. Joining Wells Fargo in 1949, he rose to be a branch manager in 1960, a senior vice-president in 1964, an executive vice-president in 1965,

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Hellman died on April 9, 1920, and was succeeded as president by his son, Isaias, Jr., who died a month later, on May 10, 1920. Frederick L. Lipman was then elected president. Lipman's management strategy included both expansion and the conservative banking practices of his predecessors. On January

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of American Express as president. Wells Fargo continued some overseas express operations until the 1960s; as an operator of bank armored cars, it did business as Wells Fargo Armored Security Corporation and Wells Fargo Armored Service. The armored car business merged with competitor Loomis in 1997,

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By 1866, Holladay had built a staging empire with lines in eight western states and was challenging Wells Fargo's supremacy in the West. A showdown between the two transportation giants in late 1866 resulted in Wells Fargo's purchase of Holladay's operations. The 'grand consolidation' spawned a new

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in the West, the majority of the American Express Company's directors balked. Undaunted, Wells and Fargo decided to start their own business while continuing to fulfill their responsibilities as officers and directors of American Express. On March 18, 1852, Wells Fargo was founded in New York City.

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of 16 percent, or 7,200 positions, by the end of 1996. The merger, however, quickly turned disastrous as efforts to consolidate operations, which were placed on an ambitious timetable, led to major problems. Computer system glitches led to lost customer deposits and bounced checks. Branch closures

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prices to raise cash and pay off their loans in full. By barring recovery against Wells Fargo for the losses incurred by borrowers as a result of its tactics, the court enabled Wells Fargo to continue providing credit at low-interest rates, secure in the knowledge that it could aggressively pursue

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Before and after the acquisition, Reichardt and Hazen aggressively cut costs and eliminated unprofitable portions of Wells Fargo's business. During the three years before the acquisition, Wells Fargo sold its realty-services subsidiary, its residential-mortgage service operation, and its corporate

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Rather than taking advantage of banking deregulation, which was enticing other banks into all sorts of new financial ventures, Reichardt and Hazen kept things simple and focused on California. Reichardt and Hazen beefed up Wells Fargo's retail network through improved services such as an extensive

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and fire destroyed most of the city's business district, including the Wells Fargo Nevada National Bank building. However, the bank's vaults and credit were left intact and the bank committed its resources to restore San Francisco. Money flowed into San Francisco from around the country to support

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Surviving the Panic of 1855 gave Wells Fargo two advantages. First, it faced virtually no competition in the banking and express business in California after the crisis; second, Wells Fargo attained a reputation for dependability and soundness. From 1855 through 1866, Wells Fargo expanded rapidly,

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scheme. Lloyd Benjamin "Ben" Lewis had perpetrated the largest US electronic bank fraud on record and one of the largest embezzlements in history, through its Beverly Drive branch, where he worked as an Operations Officer. During 1978–1981, Lewis had colluded with a former employee of the Miracle

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made this arrangement less profitable, but Wells Fargo saw an opportunity in the new interest limits on passbook savings. When the allowable rate increased to 5%, Wells Fargo was the first to begin paying the higher rate. The bank attracted many new customers as a result, and within two years its

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had blocked the bank's earlier attempts to acquire an established bank in southern California. As a result, Wells Fargo had to build its own branch system. This expansion was costly and depressed the bank's earnings in the later 1960s. In 1968 Wells Fargo changed from a state to a federal banking

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The integration of Norwest and Wells Fargo proceeded much more smoothly than the combination of Wells Fargo and First Interstate. A key reason was that the process was allowed to progress at a much slower and more manageable pace than that of the earlier merger. The plan allowed for two to three

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After dipping in 1991, Wells's net income surged to $ 283 million in 1992 before reaching $ 841 million in 1994. At the end of 1994, after 12 years of service during which Wells Fargo & Co. investors enjoyed a 1,781% return, Reichardt stepped aside as head of the company and was succeeded by

748:. There Wells Fargo agreed to buy the Pacific Union Express Company at a much-inflated price and received exclusive express rights for ten years on the Central Pacific Railroad and a much-needed infusion of capital. All of this, however, came at a price: control of Wells Fargo shifted to Tevis. 970:

was president with Hellman as chairman. The name was again shortened to Wells Fargo Bank in 1962. In 1964, H. Stephen Chase was elected president with Cook as chairman. This merger of California's two oldest banks created the 11th largest banking institution in the United States. Following the

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was elected president in October 1911. Wells Fargo & Company Express continued its operations until 1918 when the government forced the company to consolidate its domestic operations with those of the other major express companies. This wartime measure resulted in the formation of American

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The Wells Fargo Nevada National Bank opened its doors on April 22, 1905, with the following board of directors: Isaias W. Hellman, president; Isaias W. Hellman, Jr. and F.A. Bigelow, vice presidents; Frederick L. Lipman, cashier; Frank B. King, George Grant, William McGavin, and John E. Miles,

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Until 1876, both banking and express operations of Wells Fargo in San Francisco were carried on in the same building at the northeast corner of California and Montgomery Streets. In 1876 the locations were separated, with the banking department moving to a building at the northeast corner of

1435:-based bank holding company with $ 58 billion in assets and 1,133 offices in California and 12 other western states. Wells Fargo had long been interested in acquiring First Interstate and made a hostile bid for First Interstate in October 1995 initially valued at $ 10.8 billion. 1240:

bank since 1966, left to serve as chairman and CEO of Seafirst Corporation. Reichardt relentlessly attacked costs, eliminating 100 branches and cutting 3,000 jobs. He also closed down the bank's European offices at a time when most banks were expanding their overseas networks.

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The financial performance of Wells Fargo, as well as its stock price, suffered from this botched merger, leaving the bank vulnerable to being taken over itself as banking consolidation continued unabated. This time, Wells Fargo entered into a friendly merger agreement with

627:, thereby leaving the post office with no way to pay for the Overland Mail Company's services. As Overland Mail's indebtedness to Wells Fargo climbed, Wells Fargo became increasingly disenchanted with Butterfield's management strategy. In March 1860, Wells Fargo threatened 1319:. In the late 1980s, the company considered expanding into Texas, where it made an unsuccessful bid for Dallas's FirstRepublic Corporation in 1988. In early 1989, Wells Fargo expanded into full-service brokerage and launched a joint venture with the Japanese company 1502:

The new Wells Fargo started off as the nation's seventh largest bank with $ 196 billion in assets, $ 130 billion in deposits, and 15 million retail banking, finance, and mortgage customers. The banking operation included more than 2,850 branches in 21 states from

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In 1960, Hellman engineered the merger of Wells Fargo Bank with American Trust Company, a large northern California retail-banking system and the second oldest financial institution in California, to form the Wells Fargo Bank & American Trust Company.

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Between 1970 and 1975, Wells Fargo's domestic profits rose faster than those of any other U.S. bank. Wells Fargo's loans to businesses increased dramatically after 1971. To meet the demand for credit, the bank frequently borrowed short-term from the

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and chairman Richard P. "Dick" Cooley (November 25, 1923 – September 22, 2016), who resigned his post in late 1982, was quoted in 1981, remarking that Lewis had "carried out a 'brilliantly simple' scheme that cracked the bank's auditing system."

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and lucrative mail contracts, it could not make up the difference. After Overland Mail, by then controlled by Wells Fargo, was awarded a $ 1 million government contract in early 1861 to provide daily mail service over a central route (the

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lines were completed in late 1861. Overland mail and express services were continued, however, by the coordinated efforts of several companies. From 1862 to 1865, Wells Fargo operated a private express line between San Francisco and

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for $ 491 million. Despite an ailing regional economy during the early 1990s, Wells Fargo posted healthy gains in that core market. Its labor force was reduced by more than 500 workers in 1993 alone, and technical innovations boosted

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Mile branch, Muhammed Ali Professional Sports, Inc. (MAPS) president Sam "Sammie" Marshall, to defraud the bank. Lewis, who was also listed as a director of MAPS, successfully wrote phony debit and credit receipts to benefit the

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Meanwhile, Wells Fargo secured a major legal victory that would guarantee its long-term prosperity in its home market of California. On May 16, 1978, after eight years of litigation in both federal and state courts, the

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Soon after the new company was formed, Wells, the first president of American Express, and Fargo, its vice president, proposed expanding their business to California. Fearing that American Express's most powerful rival,

480:, founder of Butterfield, Wasson & Company, entered the business. Butterfield, Wells and Fargo soon realized that their competition was destructive and wasteful, and in 1850 they decided to join forces to form the 631:. As a compromise, Butterfield resigned as president of Overland Mail, and control of the company passed to Wells Fargo. Wells Fargo, however, did not acquire ownership of the company until the consolidation of 1866. 584:. Wells Fargo was one of the few financial and express companies to survive the panic, partly because it kept sufficient assets on hand to meet customers' demands rather than transferring all its assets to New York. 782:

The company expanded rapidly under Tevis' management. The number of banking and express offices grew from 436 in 1871 to 3,500 at the turn of the century. During this period, Wells Fargo also established the first

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In January 1981, the banking community was shocked to learn that a routine audit by the Assistant Operations Officer of the Wells Fargo Miracle Mile branch, Judith Allyn MacLardie, had revealed a $ 21.3 million

827:'s Nevada Bank in 1891, and the Salt Lake City Bank was sold to the Walker Brothers there in 1894. The New York City branch remained until the Wells Fargo & Company bank merged with Hellman's bank in 1905. 799:

by 1876; and opened a branch bank in New York City by 1880. Wells Fargo expanded its express services to Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, South America, Mexico, and Europe. In 1885 Wells Fargo also began selling

2636: 1135:, Wells Fargo garnered more new accounts from the 350 largest pension funds between 1975 and 1980 than any other money manager. The bank's aggressive marketing of its services included seminars explaining 727:

was encroaching on the territory served by Wells Fargo stage lines. Ashbel H. Barney, Danforth Barney's brother and co-founder of United States Express Company replaced McLane as president in 1869. The

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led to long lines at the remaining branches. There was also a culture clash between the two banks and their customers. Wells Fargo had been at the forefront of high-tech banking, emphasizing ATMs and

1587:. The US Federal Government took control of the express company. The bank began rebuilding but with a focus on commercial markets. After the war, REA was privatized and continued service until 1975. 1377:

the direction of Reichardt and Hazen, which was largely attributable to gains in the California market. In 1991, Wells Fargo completed a two-step acquisition of 130 California branches from

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By the end of the 1970s, Wells Fargo's overall growth had slowed somewhat. Earnings were only up 12% in 1979, compared with an average of 19% between 1973 and 1978. In 1980 Cooley told

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Ashbel Barney resigned in 1870 and was replaced as president by William Fargo. In 1872 William Fargo also resigned to devote full-time to his duties as president of American Express.

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challenge. Thus, Wells Fargo could continue to provide credit to borrowers at very affordable rates (nonjudicial foreclosure is relatively swift and inexpensive). Associate Justice

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all of which, including Wells Fargo, were forced to temporarily close their doors. The following Tuesday, Wells Fargo reopened in sound condition, despite a loss of one-third of its

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Wells Fargo aimed to generate $ 800 million in annual operational savings out of the combined bank within 18 months, and immediately upon completion of the takeover announced a

616:, and Wells Fargo. John Butterfield, the third founder of American Express, was made Overland Mail's president. In 1858 Overland Mail was awarded a government contract to carry 1113:

While Wells Fargo's domestic operations were making it the envy of competitors in the early 1970s, its international operations were less secure. The bank's 25% holding in

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lending bolstered the bottom line. The bank focused on California's flourishing home and apartment mortgage business and left risky commercial developments to other banks.

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network around San Francisco. In 1954 the name of the bank was shortened to Wells Fargo Bank, to capitalize on frontier imagery and in preparation for further expansion.

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launched the privately owned and operated Pony Express. By the end of 1860, the Pony Express was in deep financial trouble; its fees did not cover its costs and, without

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1905: Wells Fargo separated its banking and express operations; Wells Fargo's bank was merged with the Nevada National Bank to form the Wells Fargo Nevada National Bank.

934:, which began in New York in October, followed on the heels of this frenetic reconstruction period. Several New York banks, deeply involved in efforts to manipulate the 600:. This period culminated with the 'grand consolidation' of 1866 when Wells Fargo consolidated the ownership and operation of the entire overland mail route from the 2611: 1335: 2646: 787:

line, using more than a dozen railroads. The company first gained access to the lucrative East Coast markets beginning in 1888; successfully promoted the use of

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mail over the southern overland route from Memphis and St. Louis to California. From the beginning, Wells Fargo was Overland Mail's banker and primary lender.

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just because it had taken a "hard-line" approach in negotiations with its borrowers, and refused to modify or forbear enforcing the terms of the relevant

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In 1973, the bank made a number of key policy changes. Wells Fargo decided to go after the medium-sized corporate and consumer loan businesses, where

950:. Following the collapse of the banking system in 1933, the company was able to extend immediate and substantial help to its troubled correspondents. 1299:

for about $ 1.1 billion, doubling its branch network in southern California and increasing its consumer loan portfolio by 85%, paying about 127% of

453:, financiers and entrepreneurs from all over North America and the world flocked to California, drawn by the promise of huge profits. Vermont native 775: 1499:. However, Wells Fargo retains Norwest's pre-1998 stock price history, and all SEC filings before 1998 are listed under Norwest, not Wells Fargo. 1166:

wrote the opinion in Wells Fargo's favor for a unanimous court. The victory was especially remarkable since, during the tenure of Chief Justice

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Wells Fargo's involvement in Overland Mail led to its participation in the Pony Express in the last six of the express's 18 months of existence.

476:, from 1862 to 1863 and again from 1864 to 1865, were major figures in the young and fiercely competitive express industry. In 1849 a new rival, 1121:

bank, cost Wells Fargo $ 4 million due to bad real estate loans. Another joint banking venture, the Western American Bank, which was formed in

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to California. Norwest Mortgage had 824 offices in 50 states, while Norwest Financial had nearly 1,350 offices in 47 states, ten provinces of

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Arbuckle retired as chairman at the end of 1977. Cooley assumed the chairmanship in January 1978 with Reichardt succeeding him as president.

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becoming the West's all-purpose business, communications, and transportation agent. Under Barney's direction, the company developed its own

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rapid reconstruction of the city. As a result, the bank's deposits increased dramatically, from $ 16 million to $ 35 million in 18 months.

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1982: Northwest Bancorporation acquired consumer finance firm Dial Finance which is renamed Norwest Financial Service the following year.

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Of the branch banks, that at Carson City was sold to the Bullion & Exchange Bank there in 1891; the Virginia City Bank was sold to

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of Minneapolis. (Norwest was the surviving company; however, it chose to continue business under the better known Wells Fargo name.)

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California and Sansome Streets. The bank moved in 1891 to the corner of Sansome and Market Streets, where it remained until 1905.

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had forced the discontinuation of the southern line), Wells Fargo took over the western portion of the Pony Express route from

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In 1855, Wells Fargo faced its first crisis when the California banking system collapsed as a result of unsound speculation. A

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watched the California economy boom with keen interest. Before either Wells or Fargo could pursue opportunities offered in the

2428: 2330: 1806: 1309: 1280: 923: 2400: 679:, who had acquired the business of Russell, Majors & Waddell, ran a stagecoach line from Salt Lake City to Missouri. 2502: 617: 1179:, "It's time to slow down. The last five years have created too great a strain on our capital, liquidity, and people." 2569: 1327: 1151: 1054:

In 1969, Wells Fargo formed a holding company—Wells Fargo & Company—and purchased the rights to its own name from

635: 2305:, by Seymour Bosworth, M. E. Kabay, Editors, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2002, page 56. Retrieved September 14, 2018. 1360:

Wells Fargo had launched its personal computer banking service in 1989 and was the first bank to introduce access to

1323:, Wells Fargo Nikko Investment Advisors. The company also divested itself of its last international offices in 1989. 1590:

1923: Wells Fargo Nevada merged with the Union Trust Company to form the Wells Fargo Bank & Union Trust Company.

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1866: "Grand consolidation" united Wells Fargo, Holladay, and Overland Mail stage lines under the Wells Fargo name.

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jobs were trimmed from the banks' combined staff, 120 redundant branches closed, and costs were cut considerably.

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Cooley's early strategic initiatives were in the direction of making Wells Fargo's branch network statewide. The

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Evans was president of Wells Fargo & Company Express until his death in April 1910 when he was succeeded by

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This article is about the historical Wells Fargo & Company. For the current Wells Fargo & Company, see

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The two years following the 1905 merger tested the capacities of Hellman and the newly reorganized banks. The

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to San Francisco. Russell, Majors & Waddell continued to operate the eastern leg from Salt Lake City to

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10.8 million stock transfer, making Trione the largest shareholder in Wells Fargo until Warren Buffett and

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Wells Fargo & Co. $ 2 stamp and 10 cents stamped envelope with Pony Express cancellation, carried from

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Wells, founder of Wells and Company, and Fargo, a partner in Livingston, Fargo, and Company, and mayor of

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1969: Wells Fargo & Company holding company was formed, with Wells Fargo Bank as its main subsidiary.

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1960: Wells Fargo merged with American Trust Company to form the Wells Fargo Bank American Trust Company.

1565:, a friend of the Central Pacific "Big Four" and holder of rights to operate an express service over the 1491:. The head of Wells Fargo, Paul Hazen, was named chairman of the new company, while the head of Norwest, 1645: 1634: 1606: 1576: 1320: 1292: 1256: 1051:

Valley Savings Bank, and Sonoma Mortgage Corporation were all integrated into Wells Fargo's operations.

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charges, and testified against his MAPS co-conspirators for a reduced five-year sentence. Wells Fargo

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Wells Fargo & Co. franked cover from Austin, Nevada Territory, to San Francisco, Cal. July 6, 1870

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merger, Wells Fargo's involvement in international banking greatly accelerated. The company opened a

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ruled in Wells Fargo's favor and upheld the constitutionality of California's statutory nonjudicial

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charter, in part so that it could set up subsidiaries for businesses such as equipment leasing and

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was completed in that year, causing the stage business to dwindle and Wells Fargo's stock to fall.

672: 573: 569: 438: 230: 1342:. The borrowers had narrowly avoided foreclosure only by liquidating a large number of assets at 953:

Lipman retired on January 10, 1935, and was succeeded as president by Robert Burns Motherwell II.

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had received a fee for the use of his name, and had no other involvement with the organization.)

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originally as Loomis Fargo & Company; after other reorganizations, it is now known simply as

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Ross Eugene Fields). In excess of $ 300,000 was paid to Lewis for the fraud, who pled guilty to

2333:"Sports of The Times; The Maps Boxing Scandal", February 1, 1981. Retrieved September 11, 2018. 811: 723:, carried Wells Fargo's express, the company did not have an exclusive contract. Moreover, the 2454: 2347: 2223: 1828: 1676:

1995: Wells Fargo became the first major US financial services firm to offer Internet banking.

1609:, becoming Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Wells Fargo merged with Henry Trione's Sonoma Mortgage in a 1451: 1279:

and two were sentenced to jail terms of 55 and 65 years while another suspect has been on the

1103: 1011: 902: 883: 859: 855: 824: 473: 380: 370: 1614: 1541: 1424: 1055: 947: 916: 911: 863: 788: 609: 458: 446: 406: 344: 298: 272: 1656: 1391: 1339: 1199: 1083: 1076: 1042: 1035: 984: 898: 745: 533: 365: 1827:. Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 361. 1544:, formed Wells Fargo & Company to provide express and banking services to California. 437:

was an American banking company based in San Francisco, California, that was acquired by

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in the consumer lending business. Initially, 30,000 merchants participated in the plan.

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Wells Fargo's investment services became a leader during the late 1970s. According to

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In 1967, Wells Fargo, together with three other California banks, introduced a Master

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For an overview of the early years of the express business in the United States, see

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On August 24, 1989, Wells Fargo obtained another important legal victory from the

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In 1859, there was a crisis when Congress failed to pass the annual post office

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were higher. Slowly, Wells Fargo eliminated its excess debt, and by 1974, its

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The Overland Mail, 1849–1969: Promoter of Settlement Precursor of Railroads

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1954: Wells Fargo & Union Trust shortened its name to Wells Fargo Bank.

1066: 1703:, for the history of Wells Fargo after the merger with Norwest Corporation 1015:

and in April 1966, a director of the company. A year later Cooley enticed

58: 2490: 1395: 561: 497: 323: 1602:

1962: Wells Fargo American Trust shortened its name to Wells Fargo Bank.

854:, had gained control of Wells Fargo. Harriman reached an agreement with 996: 835:

Valentine died in late December 1901 and was succeeded as president by

808:, a long time Wells Fargo employee, was made president of the company. 639: 529:

Wells Fargo & Co. Express building circa 1860, Stockton, California

308: 2238:

Robert Magnuson, "Former Bank Aide Admits Role in Embezzlement Plot",

2227:

The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia

1711:, 1957–62 TV series that depicted a Wells Fargo agent in the Wild West 1394:, a software startup company, to begin offering its services over the 604:

to the Pacific Ocean and many stagecoach lines in the western states.

2181:

Lawrence E. Davies, "Stanford Dean New Chairman of California Bank",

1637:, largest US bank heist to date took place at a Wells Fargo depot in 1508: 1458: 1122: 1070:

One of the first Wells Fargo buildings, located in French Corral, CA.

2346:, Events of 1986, p. 91. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, Inc., 1987. 1227:

years," facilitating an uninterrupted manipulation of funds. (Boxer

975:

representative office and, eventually, additional branch offices in

1593:

1929: Northwest Bancorporation was formed as a banking association.

1315:

In May 1988, Wells Fargo acquired Barclays Bank of California from

1079:

to lend at higher rates of interest to businesses and individuals.

2229:, SAGE Publications, 2012, page 666. Retrieved September 11, 2018. 1065: 976: 972: 842:

In 1905 Wells Fargo separated its banking and express operations.

810: 770: 762: 702: 686: 543: 532: 524: 516: 508: 2503:"Santa Rosa power broker, philanthropist Henry Trione dies at 94" 2401:"Wells Fargo's Mobile Banking Scores Pair of Independent Awards" 1504: 711:

The Wells Fargo stagecoach empire was short-lived. Although the

1010:

On November 10, 1966, Wells Fargo's board of directors elected

1496: 1219: 1202:

company and its founder and chairman, the eventually infamous

521:

Stagecoach with Christmas gifts Wells Fargo Bank San Francisco

425: 2155:

Lawrence E. Davies, "Personality: Young (42) Bank Official",

484:, which operates to the present day as the credit card giant 2270:"Richard P. Cooley, Former Wells Fargo C.E.O., Dies at 92", 1662:

1988: Wells Fargo acquired Barclays Bank of California from

1551:

Company, leading to operation of the western portion of the

2194:"Ex-Dean of Stanford and Wife Killed in Automobile Wreck", 707:

Overland stage in Wells Fargo History Museum, San Francisco

505:

Expansion into Overland Mail services and the Panic of 1855

1655:

1987: Wells Fargo acquired the personal trust business of

942:

1, 1924, Wells Fargo Nevada National Bank merged with the

1252:

network, and through active marketing of those services.

2637:

Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange

1860:, pp. 97–124. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1967. 1669:

1991: Wells Fargo acquired 130 California branches from

1106:, who later became president of the bank, Wells Fargo's 691:

Wells, Fargo & Co. 1868 display advertisement from

568:, a San Francisco bank, began when the collapse of its 496:(later renamed Adams Express Company), would acquire a 2098:"Wells Fargo and Loomis forming armored car company", 1736:, pp. 1–15. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., 1965. 1390:(ATMs), for example, and in 1995 was partnering with 1347:

defaulting borrowers without risking tort liability.

1981:, pp. 220–221, 223. New York: Time-Life Books, 1974. 1579:

nationalized Wells Fargo's express franchise into a

1034:) to its customers as part of its plan to challenge 2274:, September 26, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2018. 1091:, but they failed to recapture their market share. 420: 389: 291: 279: 251: 241: 225: 207: 186: 160: 134: 118: 85: 75: 2451:1996 Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia Yearbook 2321:, February 26, 1981. Retrieved September 14, 2018. 2286:"Los Angeles FBI arrests boxing promoter Smith", 2124: 2122: 2120: 2110: 2108: 465:, however, they had business to attend to in the 874:, to form the Wells Fargo Nevada National Bank. 513:American Express Co. early receipts (1853, 1869) 2423: 2421: 1336:implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing 846:, a prominent financier and dominant figure in 2572:. Wellsfargo.com. June 8, 1998. Archived from 2550:"Wells Fargo Wins Battle for First Interstate" 2472:"Wells Fargo Wins Battle for First Interstate" 2258:, July 31, 1981. Retrieved September 14, 2018. 1126:tying itself to the fortunes of other banks. 736:Takeover of the Pacific Union Express Company 8: 1386:. The bank began selling stamps through its 1330:. In an opinion by Acting Presiding Justice 778:that was built circa 1877, Silver Reef, Utah 755:replaced Fargo as president of Wells Fargo. 39: 2529:"Wells Fargo to Buy Barclays in California" 2365:"Wells Fargo to Buy Barclays in California" 2344:The Illustrated Encyclopedia Year Book 1987 2168:"Stanford Dean Named by Wells Fargo Bank", 1626:1983: Northwest Bancorporation was renamed 1423:Late in 1995, Wells Fargo began pursuing a 1419:Takeover of First Interstate Bancorp (1996) 2491:Agreement and Plan of Merger, Dated 6/7/98 1244:succeeded Reichardt as president in 1984. 791:in California; had opened branch banks in 592:business, helped start and then took over 57: 38: 1605:1968: Wells Fargo converted to a federal 1410:Contemplated merger with American Express 1291:In May 1986, Wells Fargo purchased rival 667:; Overland Mail stagecoaches covered the 2317:"WELLS FARGO AIDES GIVE FRAUD DETAILS", 1287:Purchase of Crocker National Corporation 776:Wells Fargo and Company Express Building 63:The Wells Fargo headquarters complex in 2527:Lawrence M. Fisher (January 16, 1988). 2363:Lawrence M. Fisher (January 16, 1988). 1721: 1686:1998: Wells Fargo Bank was acquired by 1438:Other banks came forward as potential " 987:, as well as representative offices in 2612:American companies established in 1852 2429:"Regulators seize Great American Bank" 1255:September 1983 marked the date of the 2647:Mortgage lenders of the United States 2342:William McGeveran, Jr. (senior ed.), 572:parent was made public. The run, the 7: 1547:1860: Wells Fargo gained control of 1102:showed a much healthier bank. Under 1021:Stanford Graduate School of Business 2652:Defunct banks of the United States 2570:"Wells Fargo and Norwest to Merge" 1569:, acquires control of the company. 1143:—brought many new clients aboard. 1115:Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt 25: 2642:Financial District, San Francisco 2548:Saul Hansell (January 25, 1996). 2470:Saul Hansell (January 25, 1996). 2254:"Fields Indicted In Bank Fraud", 1821:Hafen, Leroy; David Dary (2004). 1807:Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman. 1263:was robbed by members of the pro- 233:and merged to create the current 2632:Companies based in San Francisco 1575:1918: As a wartime measure, the 660:First Transcontinental Telegraph 658:The Pony Express ended when the 371:Treasury & security services 45: 1277:Federal Bureau of Investigation 730:First transcontinental railroad 540:— Wells Fargo U.S. Mail service 80:Former publicly traded business 27:Former American banking company 2017:Beebe and Clegg, pp. 110, 258. 1259:when the Wells Fargo depot in 1188:1981 MAPS embezzlement scandal 608:the leading express companies— 1: 1809:Vol. I, California, 1855–1857 1281:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives 924:1906 San Francisco earthquake 715:, already operating over the 693:The Salt Lake Daily Telegraph 683:Takeover of Holladay Overland 576:, soon spread to other major 556:in 12 days, during June 1861. 345:Futures & options trading 1878:Moody, pp. 132–136, 199–201. 1646:Crocker National Corporation 1372:Recession of the early 1990s 1235:Recession of the early 1980s 618:United States Postal Service 2607:1852 establishments in Iowa 2208:Garfinkle v. Superior Court 2026:Loomis, pp. 219–268 passim. 1905:Loomis, pp. 160–177 passim. 1679:1996: Wells Fargo acquired 1644:1986: Wells Fargo acquired 1328:California Courts of Appeal 1152:Supreme Court of California 894:had also joined the board. 636:Russell, Majors and Waddell 2668: 2303:Computer Security Handbook 2008:Loomis, pp. 248, 252, 267. 1772:"Wells and Fargo Launches" 1751:Museum of American Finance 1639:West Hartford, Connecticut 1470:Merger with Norwest (1998) 1310:developing countries' debt 1261:West Hartford, Connecticut 596:, and participated in the 29: 2622:Banks established in 1852 2617:Banks based in California 2449:Leon L. Bram (ed. dir.), 2384:Price v. Wells Fargo Bank 2035:Loomis, pp. 236–237, 264. 1795:Loomis, pp. 73–77, 80–81. 1567:Transcontinental Railroad 1549:Butterfield Overland Mail 1388:automated teller machines 1265:Puerto Rican independence 848:Southern Pacific Railroad 789:refrigerated freight cars 675:, to Salt Lake City; and 612:, United States Express, 594:Butterfield Overland Mail 566:Page, Bacon & Company 335:Foreign currency exchange 246:Wells Fargo & Company 56: 44: 40:Wells Fargo & Company 2300:Bosworth, S, et al, Eds. 1941:Beebe and Clegg, p. 224. 1681:First Interstate Bancorp 1429:First Interstate Bancorp 1250:automated teller machine 785:Transcontinental Express 741:Central Pacific Railroad 713:Central Pacific Railroad 482:American Express Company 340:Foreign exchange trading 147:First Interstate Bancorp 1869:Loomis, p. 335 note 12. 1495:, became president and 1487:versus $ 13 billion in 1137:modern portfolio theory 906:Railway Express (later 478:John Warren Butterfield 166:; 172 years ago 1701:History of Wells Fargo 1585:Railway Express Agency 1540:, the two founders of 1132:Institutional Investor 1071: 908:Railway Express Agency 890:, directors. By 1906, 852:Union Pacific Railroad 816: 806:John J. Valentine, Sr. 779: 768: 725:Union Pacific Railroad 708: 696: 578:financial institutions 557: 541: 530: 522: 514: 412:Wells Fargo Securities 403:Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. 213:; 25 years ago 51:Mid-1990s company logo 2431:. UPI. August 9, 1991 2146:Loomis, pp. 324, 326. 2071:Loomis, pp. 287, 305. 2053:Loomis, pp. 280, 284. 1683:for US$ 11.6 billion. 1577:US Federal Government 1293:Crocker National Bank 1069: 814: 774: 766: 706: 690: 665:Virginia City, Nevada 655:, under subcontract. 614:Adams Express Company 547: 536: 528: 520: 512: 467:Eastern United States 463:Western United States 350:Investment management 330:Finance and insurance 152:Bank of North America 142:Crocker National Bank 2576:on December 17, 2012 2388:213 Cal. App. 3d 465 2137:Loomis, pp. 322–323. 2080:Loomis, pp. 310–311. 2062:Loomis, pp. 284–287. 1968:Loomis, pp. 210–212. 1950:Loomis, pp. 197–205. 1923:Loomis, pp. 180–181. 1887:Loomis, pp. 153–159. 1847:Loomis, pp. 128–136. 1811:. 2nd ed. pub. 1885. 1708:Tales of Wells Fargo 1617:later surpassed him. 1448:Bank One Corporation 1269:Boricua Popular Army 1158:procedure against a 878:assistant cashiers; 839:on January 2, 1902. 797:Salt Lake City, Utah 669:Central Nevada Route 653:St. Joseph, Missouri 649:Salt Lake City, Utah 640:government subsidies 443:California Gold Rush 441:in 1998. During the 399:Wells Fargo Advisors 211:2 November 1998 2288:The Sunday Register 2256:The Washington Post 2198:, January 20, 1986. 2185:, January 14, 1968. 2172:, October 13, 1967. 1959:Moody, pp. 294–295. 1932:Moody, pp. 293–294. 1914:Moody, pp. 206–215. 1896:Moody, pp. 204–205. 1688:Norwest Corporation 1671:Great American Bank 1628:Norwest Corporation 1477:Norwest Corporation 1459:workforce reduction 1444:Norwest Corporation 1406:for $ 440 million. 1379:Great American Bank 1257:White Eagle Robbery 1082:In 1973, a tighter 944:Union Trust Company 868:John William Mackay 815:Wells Fargo 1870 ad 795:, Carson City, and 673:Carson City, Nevada 570:St. Louis, Missouri 439:Norwest Corporation 231:Norwest Corporation 41: 18:Union Trust Company 2319:The New York Times 2272:The New York Times 2268:Goldstein, Matthew 2242:, August 11, 1981. 2196:The New York Times 2183:The New York Times 2170:The New York Times 2157:The New York Times 2100:The New York Times 1747:"Born in New York" 1673:for $ 491 million. 1493:Richard Kovacevich 1200:boxing promotional 1072: 1017:Ernest C. Arbuckle 872:William S. O'Brien 844:Edward H. Harriman 817: 780: 769: 709: 697: 645:American Civil War 625:appropriation bill 558: 542: 531: 523: 515: 451:Coloma, California 304:Brokerage services 164:18 March 1852 126:Financial services 2240:Los Angeles Times 2224:Miller, Wilbur R. 1519:, and elsewhere. 1452:First Bank System 1356:Internet services 1283:list since 1984. 1104:Carl E. Reichardt 1012:Richard P. Cooley 903:Burns D. Caldwell 884:William F. Herrin 860:James Graham Fair 856:Isaias W. Hellman 825:Isaias W. Hellman 494:Adams and Company 474:Buffalo, New York 445:in early 1848 at 432: 431: 381:Wealth management 16:(Redirected from 2659: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2499: 2493: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2467: 2461: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2397: 2391: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2360: 2354: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2312: 2306: 2297: 2291: 2281: 2275: 2265: 2259: 2249: 2243: 2236: 2230: 2221: 2215: 2205: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2179: 2173: 2166: 2160: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2115: 2112: 2103: 2102:, July 16, 1996. 2096: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2018: 2015: 2009: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1988: 1982: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1915: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1870: 1867: 1861: 1854: 1848: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1818: 1812: 1802: 1796: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1743: 1737: 1726: 1615:Walter Annenberg 1583:known as the US 1542:American Express 1538:William G. Fargo 1425:hostile takeover 1364:accounts on the 1340:promissory notes 1321:Nikko Securities 1056:American Express 948:Great Depression 912:George C. Taylor 864:James Cair Flood 717:Sierra Mountains 695:(Utah Territory) 610:American Express 486:American Express 459:William G. Fargo 428: 407:Wells Fargo Rail 299:Asset management 221: 219: 214: 174: 172: 167: 61: 49: 42: 21: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2579: 2577: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2511: 2509: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2485: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2448: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2382: 2378: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2341: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2315:Lindsey, Robert 2313: 2309: 2298: 2294: 2282: 2278: 2266: 2262: 2250: 2246: 2237: 2233: 2222: 2218: 2206: 2202: 2193: 2189: 2180: 2176: 2167: 2163: 2159:, May 29, 1966. 2154: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2128:Loomis, p. 320. 2127: 2118: 2114:Loomis, p. 319. 2113: 2106: 2097: 2093: 2089:Loomis, p. 317. 2088: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2044:Loomis, p. 267. 2043: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999:Loomis, p. 219. 1998: 1994: 1990:Loomis, p. 215. 1989: 1985: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1858:Stagecoach West 1855: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1755: 1753: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1697: 1657:Bank of America 1607:banking charter 1529: 1472: 1421: 1412: 1392:CyberCash, Inc. 1374: 1358: 1353: 1295:from Britain's 1289: 1267:guerilla group 1237: 1204:Harold J. Smith 1190: 1185: 1084:monetary policy 1077:Federal Reserve 1064: 1043:Federal Reserve 1036:Bank of America 985:Nassau, Bahamas 959: 899:William Sproule 833: 761: 746:Omaha, Nebraska 738: 685: 507: 457:and New Yorker 424: 416: 385: 366:Risk management 282: 267: 217: 215: 212: 203: 170: 168: 165: 156: 130: 114: 90: 71: 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2665: 2663: 2655: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2561: 2555:New York Times 2540: 2534:New York Times 2519: 2507:Press Democrat 2494: 2483: 2477:New York Times 2462: 2442: 2417: 2392: 2376: 2370:New York Times 2355: 2335: 2331:Anderson, Dave 2323: 2307: 2292: 2276: 2260: 2244: 2231: 2216: 2212:21 Cal. 3d 268 2200: 2187: 2174: 2161: 2148: 2139: 2130: 2116: 2104: 2091: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2055: 2046: 2037: 2028: 2019: 2010: 2001: 1992: 1983: 1979:The Expressmen 1970: 1961: 1952: 1943: 1934: 1925: 1916: 1907: 1898: 1889: 1880: 1871: 1862: 1849: 1840: 1833: 1813: 1797: 1788: 1763: 1738: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1704: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1677: 1674: 1667: 1660: 1653: 1642: 1631: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1581:federal agency 1573: 1570: 1559: 1556: 1545: 1528: 1525: 1471: 1468: 1464:online banking 1420: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1373: 1370: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1332:William Newsom 1288: 1285: 1273:Los Macheteros 1236: 1233: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1096:interest rates 1063: 1060: 1019:, dean of the 968:Ransom M. Cook 958: 955: 832: 829: 760: 757: 737: 734: 684: 681: 602:Missouri River 506: 503: 430: 429: 426:wellsfargo.com 422: 418: 417: 415: 414: 409: 404: 401: 395: 393: 387: 386: 384: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 295: 293: 289: 288: 283: 280: 277: 276: 253: 249: 248: 243: 239: 238: 237:& Company. 227: 223: 222: 209: 205: 204: 202: 201: 196: 190: 188: 184: 183: 162: 158: 157: 155: 154: 149: 144: 138: 136: 132: 131: 129: 128: 122: 120: 116: 115: 113: 112: 106: 100: 93: 91: 86: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 62: 54: 53: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2664: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2627:Business duos 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2544: 2541: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2523: 2520: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2459:0-8343-0105-9 2456: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2430: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2410:September 30, 2406: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2352:0-8343-0073-7 2349: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2149: 2143: 2140: 2134: 2131: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2014: 2011: 2005: 2002: 1996: 1993: 1987: 1984: 1980: 1977:David Nevin, 1974: 1971: 1965: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1856:Ralph Moody, 1853: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1836: 1834:0-8061-3600-6 1830: 1826: 1825: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1804:Sherman, WT. 1801: 1798: 1792: 1789: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1764: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1715: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1518: 1517:Latin America 1514: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1442:", including 1441: 1440:white knights 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1418: 1416: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1371: 1369: 1368:in May 1995. 1367: 1363: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1305: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1245: 1243: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1177: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1100:balance sheet 1097: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1068: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 963: 956: 954: 951: 949: 945: 939: 937: 933: 932:Panic of 1907 928: 925: 920: 918: 913: 909: 904: 900: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 880:E.H. 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