1995:
25:
1515:
Unish sentences consist of a subject (S), a verb (V), and an object (O)—ordered (S-V-O). This word order is preserved in declarative sentences (DS) as well as in interrogative sentences (IS). In Unish, the difference between a declarative sentence and an interrogative sentence is that the former ends
1968:
The Geese and the Cranes. Some geese and cranes were feeding together in the same field, when a bird-catcher suddenly came to them. Since the cranes were slim and light, they could fly right off and escape the bird-catcher’s nets. The geese, however, weighed down by their fat, could not take off so
290:
and 14 major languages that have 70 million or more native speakers or which were international languages in the past. Decisions are based on the three principles of commonality, short-word length, and simplicity. Consequently, the core vocabulary of Unish is integrated with the simplest words of
954:
Unish accepts consonants that are easy to pronounce and common to natural languages. For example, the dental sounds of and are not generally easy to acquire and pronounce. Hence, these sounds are not included in the consonant system of Unish. Moreover, the correspondence between sounds and
1711:, which tells the story with the object's voice, presents the verb in the form of ‘be + ed’. To present the person or object performing the action, ‘by + person or object performing the action’ is used in the objective form after the verb or at the end of the sentence.
1502:
The grammar of Unish was constructed on the basis of the principles of simplicity, logicality, and regularity. For example, irrespective of number (plural or singular) or person (first-person, second-person, or third-person) of a subject, the form of the
1884:
has exceeded 9,600, the lexical inventory of Unish provides a sufficient base for everyday conversation. New words are also under constant development for utilization within the context of various speaking and writing topics.
1980:
Som guss e krans beed fiding junt in same fild, when tori-kachor sudnli komed to dey. Koz krans beed slim e lite, dey kaned flai skoro e eskaped tori-kachor’s nets. But guss non kaned eskap izli e al es kaptur koz dey es
1948:. Words are selected from among multiple terms borrowed from these languages, in accordance with seven criteria: commonality, short word-length, diversity, distinctiveness, simplicity, cultural priority, compounding.
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corresponding to the subject does not vary. Nouns have only one marked case, the genitive, which is identical to the plural, following the principles of simplicity and logicality.
174:
Vocabulary from fifteen representative languages: English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, German, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Greek, Latin, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Esperanto.
2100:
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existing major languages. To date, Unish has a vocabulary of approximately 10,000 words. Sejong
University has also offered Unish classes for several years.
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2008:
Young-Hee Jung. (2004) English, Unish, and an Ideal
International Language: From a Perspective of Speech Sound and Writing System.
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1872:“–s” to a singular pronoun. The plural forms of all nouns are made simply by attaching that suffix to their singular forms.
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spellings are as straightforward as possible, as listed below. The aim is such that anyone with a basic knowledge of the
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Purev Jaimai & Hyun Seok Park. (2003) Representing Unish
Grammars Based on Tree Adjoining Grammar Formalisms.
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In addition to the five vowels, Unish also accepts the semi-vowels and in making more elaborate sounds.
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Unish is a constructed language and not genealogically related to any particular ethnic language. The
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of a sentence is “subject-verb-object/complement.” This word order is always kept, regardless of a
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Typologically, in Unish, prepositions and adjectives are placed before the nouns they modify. The
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Kwak, E. 2003. Comparison between
Pidgins and ‘Unish’. Journal of Universal Language 4, 17-31.
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926:. Unish also accepts commonly-used vowels and consonants that tend to be easier to pronounce.
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The vowel structure of Unish consists of five vowels that are most commonly used in
331:, short word-length, diversity, distinctiveness, simplicity, cultural priority, and
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The following short story—with an accompanying Unish translation—is extracted from
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The
Research Team at Sejong University claims that, as the number of developed
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will find the relations between consonants and letters quite accessible.
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The Unish alphabet consists exactly of the twenty-six letters of the
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2020:
Andrew Large. (1996) The
Prospects for an International Language.
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275:. The term “Unish” is used in reference to it being cast as a
18:
286:
The vocabulary of Unish is chosen from among 15 languages:
2017:
Young-Hee Jung. (2004) Borrowing for a
Universal Language.
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characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
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form of a pronoun is created by attaching an “-s” to its
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La
Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
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Unish vocabulary is derived from fifteen languages:
53:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
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16:
Constructed language developed by Sejong
University
1616:(who, what, when, where, why, and how) appear
96:Language Research Institute, Sejong University
3023:Constructed languages introduced in the 1990s
2094:
1978:
8:
1793:"I love Susan." / "Susan is loved (by me)."
1698:"Who does Sarah love?" / "Who loves Sarah?"
2186:
2101:
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2014:Stuart Read. (2001) Like WTO, Why not WCO?
966:
312:structures are based on those of pidgins.
84:
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
1816:
1612:As a result of this rule, interrogative
349:
2918:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
2062:
244:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2071:http://www.lingviko.net/Neutrality.pdf
34:contains content that is written like
1787:I lov Susan. / Susan be loved (by i).
7:
1262:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant
1136:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate
938:as well as in natural languages: .
3033:1996 establishments in South Korea
1806:distinction in pronouns., and the
1608:"Does Tim love the baseball game?"
1409:Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant
14:
3028:International auxiliary languages
2925:In the Land of Invented Languages
1692:Sarah lov wu? / cf. Wu lov Sarah?
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1993:
1578:"Tim loves {the baseball} game."
1226:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate
267:developed by a research team at
139:International auxiliary language
113:International auxiliary language
23:
2047:Unish Vocabulary Recommendation
1520:, while the latter ends with a
1172:Voiceless labiodental fricative
1010:Close-mid front unrounded vowel
1969:easily and were all captured.
1100:Voiced labio-velar approximant
1:
2997:List of constructed languages
1868:is obtained by attaching the
1790:I love {} → {} be loved by me
1695:{} love who {} {} who love {}
2001:Constructed languages portal
1445:Voiced labiodental fricative
1046:Close-mid back rounded vowel
1391:Voiceless alveolar sibilant
1208:Voiceless glottal fricative
992:Close front unrounded vowel
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1979:
1516:with a period and falling
1082:Voiced palatal approximant
1028:Open front unrounded vowel
3002:List of language creators
2987:
230:
1479:Voiced alveolar sibilant
1064:Close back rounded vowel
347:, which are as follows:
345:ISO basic Latin alphabet
2974:Interlingue/Interlingua
2141:International auxiliary
2042:Unish Dictionary Search
1524:and rising intonation.
1427:Voiceless alveolar stop
1334:Voiceless bilabial stop
2679:Middle-earth languages
1802:In Unish, there is no
1511:Interrogative Sentence
325:interrogative sentence
232:This article contains
3043:Constructed languages
2954:Esperanto/Interlingua
2855:Esperanto orthography
2434:Pan-Germanic language
2216:Communicationssprache
2110:Constructed languages
1605:Tim lov beisbol game?
1575:{} love baseball game
1572:Tim lov beisbol game.
1373:Voiced alveolar trill
1298:Voiced alveolar nasal
1280:Voiced bilabial nasal
986:Unish classification
914:Unish has twenty-two
295:Linguistic properties
55:neutral point of view
2446:Pan-Romance language
2321:Latino sine flexione
1355:voiceless velar stop
1244:Voiceless velar stop
1154:Voiced alveolar stop
1118:Voiced bilabial stop
321:declarative sentence
265:constructed language
134:Constructed language
2463:Pan-Slavic language
2034:Unish official site
916:pulmonic consonants
352:
47:promotional content
2850:Constructed script
2326:Lingua Franca Nova
2306:International Sign
2069:Haitao Liu 2006 -
1316:Voiced velar nasal
350:
277:universal language
49:and inappropriate
3038:Sejong University
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3009:
2865:Tolkien's scripts
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2555:Logopandecteision
2518:Dutton Speedwords
2451:Neolatino Romance
2331:Lingwa de planeta
1973:Unish Translation
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1495:
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1190:Voiced velar stop
976:Relation between
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269:Sejong University
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240:rendering support
236:phonetic symbols.
109:Setting and usage
83:
82:
75:
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2959:Esperanto/Novial
2783:Ritual and other
2624:Elvish languages
2545:Lingua generalis
2533:Astrolinguistics
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2003:
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1866:personal pronoun
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1798:Personal Pronoun
1703:Passive Sentence
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36:an advertisement
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1987:Further reading
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2117:Classification
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1977:Guss e krans.
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32:This article
30:
21:
20:
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2909:
2902:
2860:Sitelen Pona
2731:
2375:
2267:esperantidos
2236:Esperanto II
2158:Experimental
2065:
2037:(in English)
1976:
1972:
1971:
1967:
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1955:
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1561:
1557:the baseball
1556:
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1531:
1528:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1501:
957:Latin script
953:
945:
933:
913:
889:
342:
314:
306:phonological
303:
285:
260:
259:
231:
210:
203:
191:
143:
122:
69:
60:
45:by removing
41:Please help
33:
2942:Comparisons
2820:Palawa kani
2815:Medefaidrin
2490:Weltdeutsch
2480:Runyakitara
2468:Interslavic
2301:Interlingue
2296:Interlingua
2279:Interglossa
2206:Blissymbols
1952:Sample Text
1112:semi-vowel
1094:semi-vowel
973:IPA symbol
942:Semi-vowels
924:semi-vowels
333:compounding
329:commonality
310:grammatical
273:South Korea
246:instead of
224:art-x-unish
3017:Categories
2969:Ido/Novial
2790:Balaibalan
2500:Engineered
2356:Pasilingua
2246:Mundolinco
2153:Engineered
2057:References
1898:Portuguese
1876:Vocabulary
1852:3rd-person
1841:2nd-person
1830:1st-person
1518:intonation
1491:consonant
1473:consonant
1457:consonant
1439:consonant
1421:consonant
1403:consonant
1385:consonant
1367:consonant
1352:Labialized
1346:consonant
1328:consonant
1310:consonant
1292:consonant
1274:consonant
1256:consonant
1238:consonant
1220:consonant
1202:consonant
1184:consonant
1166:consonant
1148:consonant
1130:consonant
950:Consonants
922:, and two
595:Lower case
449:Upper case
317:word order
63:April 2015
43:improve it
2843:Neography
2769:Verdurian
2739:Syldavian
2734:languages
2732:Star Wars
2726:Spocanian
2609:Brithenig
2599:Atlantean
2585:Fictional
2575:Toki Pona
2424:Eurolengo
2261:Universal
2221:Esperanto
2193:auxiliary
2181:languages
2179:Specific
2129:Fictional
1981:overpeso.
1946:Esperanto
1864:A plural
1855:he/she/it
1467:different
1415:different
1361:different
1322:different
1232:different
1196:different
1142:different
1088:different
983:Spelling
970:IPA name
910:Phonology
288:Esperanto
205:Glottolog
186:ISO 639-3
2800:Enochian
2759:Valyrian
2749:Tsolyáni
2716:Newspeak
2694:Sindarin
2629:Enchanta
2619:Dothraki
2591:artistic
2528:Kalaba-X
2473:Iazychie
2439:Tutonish
2409:Afrihili
2366:Solresol
2361:Sambahsa
2346:Nal Bino
2256:Romániço
2251:Reformed
2231:Arcaicam
2226:Adjuvilo
2183:by group
2124:Artistic
1926:Japanese
1822:Singular
1812:singular
1622:sentence
1614:pronouns
1554:baseball
892:digraphs
252:Help:IPA
2880:Tengwar
2825:Yerkish
2805:Eskayan
2764:Venedic
2754:Utopian
2744:Teonaht
2721:Simlish
2699:more...
2684:Adûnaic
2669:Lydnevi
2649:Kobaïan
2644:Klingon
2523:Ithkuil
2456:Romanid
2419:Efatese
2414:Budinos
2391:Volapük
2336:Mondial
2163:Musical
1964:English
1922:Chinese
1914:Russian
1902:Italian
1894:Spanish
1890:English
1825:Plural
1618:in situ
1596:beisbol
1551:beisbol
1498:Grammar
936:pidgins
918:, five
692:phoneme
279:in the
248:Unicode
171:Sources
129:Purpose
2992:Portal
2875:Sarati
2711:Nadsat
2689:Quenya
2664:Loxian
2659:Lapine
2654:Láadan
2639:Kiliki
2614:Dritok
2589:other
2560:Lojban
2550:Loglan
2538:Lincos
2351:Novial
2311:Kotava
2265:other
1930:Arabic
1918:Korean
1910:German
1906:French
1870:suffix
1814:form.
1808:plural
1804:gender
1751:
1735:
1732:Susan.
1688:
1685:Sarah?
1664:
1656:
1632:
1568:game."
1532:
1076:vowel
1058:vowel
1040:vowel
1022:vowel
1004:vowel
930:Vowels
920:vowels
356:Number
323:or an
2891:Study
2870:Cirth
2795:Damin
2774:Wenja
2706:Naʼvi
2674:Mänti
2634:Kēlen
2429:Guosa
2401:Zonal
2386:Uropi
2376:Unish
2291:Intal
2274:Glosa
2211:Bolak
2146:Zonal
1942:Latin
1938:Greek
1934:Hindi
1767:loved
1764:loved
1748:Susan
1629:Sarah
1601:game?
1562:game.
1546:loves
263:is a
261:Unish
165:Latin
144:Unish
119:Users
88:Unish
2830:Zaum
2485:Wede
2371:Sona
2201:Babm
1944:and
1858:dey
1727:love
1680:love
1640:love
1565:game
1543:love
1535:"Tim
1505:verb
1485:same
1451:same
1433:same
1397:same
1379:same
1340:same
1304:same
1286:same
1268:same
1250:same
1214:same
1178:same
1160:same
1124:same
1106:same
1070:same
1052:same
1034:same
1016:same
998:same
963:List
902:⟩, ⟨
898:⟩, ⟨
308:and
218:IETF
211:None
192:None
123:None
104:1996
101:Date
2587:and
2508:aUI
2341:Neo
2241:Ido
1847:ue
1836:we
1780:i).
1772:(by
1724:lov
1677:lov
1672:who
1661:cf.
1648:who
1645:wu?
1637:lov
1591:lov
1586:Tim
1540:lov
1529:Tim
894:: ⟨
875:t͡ʃ
849:ks
804:kw
757:d͡ʒ
689:IPA
683:ng
589:NG
234:IPA
196:mis
3019::
2570:Ro
1960:.
1940:,
1936:,
1932:,
1928:,
1924:,
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