451:, president of the United Farmers of Alberta, opposed turning the farmers' political movement into a formal Third Party. His political experience in the U.S., rooted in observation of the Populists of the 1890s, led him to believe that the social friction caused by such a third party would lead to the destruction, through splintering of the farmers movements in general. Wood argued the Canadian farmers' movement should remain a grassroots democratic organization, or "economic solidarity group". Philosophically, he advocated for cooperative democracy against the autocratic and corrupting tendencies of competitive party politics. Wood's theory of group government was considered revolutionary at the time, with critics accusing his collectivism as introducing "Sovietism" to Westminster responsible government.
471:, despite the lack of national party structure. Owing to the anti-party character of the Progressives, individual candidates' campaigns were strictly independent of the national organization, and no financial, organizational, or strategic support was provided under a policy of "constituency autonomy". Support for reforming the National Policy was a common denominator, but even this was not universal within the party. Given the autonomy of individual members and lack of formal party organization, some argue that the Progressives are better termed a "movement" rather than a party.
480:
compared to the number of seats in
Ontario. All the MPs from Alberta were either United Farmers of Alberta candidates who were allied to the Progressives (and included in the totals recorded above) or Labour – no Conservatives or Liberals were elected in that province that election. Ten UFA MPs were elected, the other two seats in the province were taken by Labour candidates. Alberta had elected a UFA government prior to the 1921 federal election.
36:
3045:. Martin himself was forced to step down and the federal Progressives won 15 of 16 Saskatchewan seats in the federal election. The SGGA subsequently authorized the creation of local political action committees across the province but were unable to build on the 1921 federal breakthrough and only ran 6 of a possible 63 candidates in the next two provincial elections. In the
515:
interests in the
Liberal Party and by radical Progressives, including the UFA MPs. These followers of Wood wished to remain a decentralized party with each individual member simply representing his constituents, supporting the Liberal government in what it did in their mind right and opposing it in
454:
The struggle between Wood's "group government" faction, and agrarian leaders including Crerar who advocated a more traditional party-centric approach to federal politics, troubled the party throughout its existence. In their first formal caucus meeting on March 3, 1920, Crerar and eleven allied MPs
416:
and, surprisingly, won. The emergence of the UFO exemplified the scope of farmer politics. It was not just western opposition to the tariff and eastern economic power, It was an occupational or class movement with a realistic chance at federal political influence. Over 1919 and 1920 several federal
2854:
discredited the party in the eyes of the public when he offered to divide the government's budget surplus among members of the legislature. All but one United Farmer MLA accepted Murray's largesse. Later that session another scandal rocked the party when it was revealed that MacKenzie had secretly
463:
for the establishment of significant party structure; thus, the party had no formal national organization, with the
Canadian Council of Agriculture itself providing a minimal degree of structure. Crerar formally served as parliamentary leader of the Progressives until the provincial organizations
658:
After the collapse of the party, most
Progressive voters returned to the Liberal Party. The Liberals had always viewed the Progressives as simply "Liberals in a hurry", and for a large group of the party's supporters, this was true. The most important example of this return to the Liberals is
479:
The
Progressive Party is commonly perceived as a western protest party, but in fact more Progressive MPs were elected in Ontario (with a sitting provincial farmers' government) than in Alberta in the 1921 election. The party had strong support among western voters, although they were few when
540:, another ex-Liberal who agreed with Crerar on most issues. The Progressives proved unsuccessful in Parliament and lost much of their moderate support in eastern Canada. While in the 1921 election Crerar had toured across the country, Forke abandoned everything east of Manitoba.
2983:. The Progressive Party of Canada, however, refused to disband, and ran its own candidates in the subsequent federal election against Bracken's Tories. The party's electoral fortunes continued to decline, and most Progressives ended up joining either the Liberal Party or the
2822:
The United
Farmers of Nova Scotia was formed in January 1920 at meetings that followed the annual convention of the Nova Scotia Farmers' Association. At an April meeting, 300 farmers approved the UFNA's constitution and the publication of a newspaper,
309:
structure that hurt farmers, various farmers movements across Canada became more radical and entered the political arena. The United
Farmers movement was tied to the federal Progressive Party of Canada and formed provincial governments in
2781:, and had been the principal text on the Progressive Party ever since. A great number of more recently published works on western politics cite only Morton's book in their discussion of the Progressive Party. Morton, a
487:
from
Ontario; however, the party viewed this as a disappointing result. Despite finishing second in seat count, there were not enough Progressive and farmer MPs to safely secure the balance of power against the narrow
719:
More important than these effects on individual parties, the
Progressive Party also had a great effect on Canada's governmental system — it was the most successful early example of a third party in Canada. Despite
3576:
905:
The above table does not include MPs elected as United
Farmers, Labour, Independent, Independent Progressive or other designations who may have been part of the Progressive Party caucus. (see
290:, which formed the government of that province. The Progressive Party was part of the farmers' political movement that included federal and provincial Progressive and United Farmers' parties.
444:
withdrew his support from the government and joined Crerar, as did eight other Unionist MPs from the west. This loosely-organized caucus proved to be the beginnings of the Progressive Party.
370:
in the 1890s forced farmers to pay higher prices for equipment and to sell their produce for less. After World War I, however, neither of the major political parties supported free trade.
724:
of political science, the Canadian Parliament has always had a third, and sometimes a fourth or even fifth, party present ever since. The Progressives thus served both as a model and a
440:, quit the Borden cabinet because Minister of Finance Thomas White introduced a budget that failed to sufficiently reduce the tariff. Saskatchewan farmer leader and independent MP
601:
3743:
3549:
3569:
3100:
the UFC (SS) became politicised and adopted a socialist platform. In 1930, in response to the Progressive-Conservative coalition, the UFC (SS) under the leadership of
2785:, wrote in the context of a seemingly spreading Social Credit movement. Morton's book was the first in a series exploring the origins of the Social Credit movement.
2740:, who entered parliament in a 1931 by-election refused to join the CCF and ran for re-election as a Labour candidate but was defeated. He later joined the Liberals.
3089:
447:
Owing to the movement's outgrowth from a variety of provincial farmers' organizations, agrarian leaders were divided on an appropriate federal political strategy.
3968:
3793:
521:
327:
712:
The Conservative Party received the least of the Progressive's spoils, inheriting little more than the name, in 1942. Its first leader after amalgamation was
346:
groups though, in power, they became closer to the Liberals causing ruptures in several provinces between United Farmer governments and their organizations.
3978:
3958:
3953:
53:
1976:
3948:
3912:
3585:
3562:
250:
255:
3463:
3010:
2743:**** Of the 9 United Farmers of Alberta MPs, 8 ran for re-election as CCFers and were defeated, the ninth ran as a Conservative and was also defeated.
566:, the Progressives lost almost all of their Ontario members, but were still moderately successful in the west, holding many of their seats in Alberta.
2976:
507:
The Progressives were divided over what to do following the 1921 election. A significant group of ex-Liberals, including Crerar, supported forming a
3832:
3492:
2980:
2855:
accepted a government salary of $ 500. A series of defections followed and by 1925 the United Farmers of Nova Scotia had virtually ceased to exist.
2846:
The party began to lose its momentum in the fall when one of its founders, Major Hugh Dickson, was defeated in the Colchester by-election. In 1921,
705:
and Manitoba, and which formed governments in Alberta, Ontario and Manitoba. In Manitoba, the United Farmers of Manitoba changed their name to the
408:
After World War I, farmers' organizations across Canada became more politically active and entered electoral politics on the provincial level. The
3817:
3042:
1561:
1433:
674:
was a faction formed in 1924 by radical Progressives and were later joined by several Labour and independent MPs. They would eventually form the
3963:
3938:
394:
3235:
3155:
3798:
3189:
2984:
675:
616:
548:
189:
100:
2746:***** Of the 3 Progressive MPs elected in 1930, one, Agnes Macphail, ran in 1935 as a UFO-Labour candidate and was re-elected, a second,
373:
At the turn of the century, voters in Western Canada began to consider an influx of radical political ideas. From the United States came
3943:
3199:
3146:
who sat initially as Progressive Party MPs but were re-elected as UFA MPs beginning in 1926 due to a split in the Progressive movement.
3121:
3092:
which was formed in 1926 by members of the Farmers' Union of Canada and the Saskatchewan Grain Growers' Association. As a result of the
2884:
2864:
456:
72:
2701:
2390:
1654:
1232:
3713:
3117:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3017:. The Liberals had a tradition of consulting the SGGA about farm policy and of appointing prominent farm activists to cabinet such as
3006:
2926:
630:
In addition to Alberta electing nine UFA MPs in 1930, three MPs were elected as Progressives in the 1930 election. The three include
3703:
3314:
3002:
2996:
2872:
2828:
536:
and a national party organization. These efforts were resisted, however, and in 1922, Crerar resigned as leader. He was replaced by
283:
119:
79:
3526:
3973:
3804:
520:, normally accorded to the party with the second-largest number of seats, and this was passed on to the third-largest party, the
429:
3170:
2803:
686:
398:
3854:
3034:
2442:
2414:
2028:
2000:
1706:
1678:
1269:
1241:
969:
941:
929:
917:
875:
846:
812:
778:
620:
582:
563:
468:
86:
57:
492:
minority government. The Progressives received significant support in the Maritime provinces, but obtained only one seat in
642:
of Ontario (who was known as a proponent of the United Farmers of Ontario). Macphail successfully ran for re-election as a
3871:
3194:
2964:
2958:
2930:
2922:
2910:
706:
679:
624:
413:
287:
3683:
3607:
3074:
694:
517:
455:
established the National Progressive Party of Canada with Crerar as its first leader. The name of party was referred by
196:
68:
3733:
594:
577:
resigned as Prime Minister. Forke and most of the Manitoba Progressives made a deal with the Liberal Party and ran as
574:
3753:
3142:
formed was the governing party in Alberta from 1921 until its defeat in 1935. It also elected a number of MPs to the
3065:. The Progressives joined with the Conservatives to force the Liberals from office on September 6, 1929 and formed a
2778:
460:
3654:
3593:
3143:
3082:
3014:
484:
607:
The Alberta UFA MPs dropped the Progressive label. Identifying themselves as parliamentary representatives of the
3718:
3174:
3139:
3133:
2906:
2896:
2847:
2807:
2611:
2546:
2472:
2330:
2057:
1973:
1910:
1841:
1770:
1594:
1466:
1369:
1168:
1106:
1073:
921:
906:
643:
611:, 11 UFA MPs were elected in the 1926 election and nine in 1930 – most of whom were members of the radical
608:
570:
409:
402:
355:
343:
179:
3778:
3738:
3708:
3676:
3554:
3165:
3160:
698:
459:
two days later in the House of Commons. Nevertheless, Crerar was unable to secure support among members of the
279:
3849:
500:. In addition to their power in Ontario, Manitoba and Alberta, farmers' parties were significant presences in
593:
following the 1926 election with the support of the seven elected Liberal-Progressive MPs. Forke entered the
3983:
3881:
3822:
3662:
3601:
3030:
3026:
2755:
2751:
1003:
635:
489:
433:
390:
389:. This mix of ideology and discontent led to discussion of forming an independent party, especially in the "
331:
302:
46:
3859:
3827:
3669:
3631:
3179:
3105:
2968:
2843:, a successful farmer and former school-teacher from Malagash, was appointed party and opposition leader.
2581:
2476:
2268:
2234:
2167:
1877:
690:
339:
3499:
2736:
successfully ran for re-election as Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidates. A fourth Labour MP,
93:
3876:
3865:
3728:
3625:
3120:, the FLG returned five MLAs to the legislature and subsequently became the Saskatchewan section of the
2942:
2832:
2513:
2128:
1806:
1334:
1036:
925:
647:
441:
393:", a magazine of the day. The first organizations of agricultural protest were farmers’ organizations:
3619:
3613:
3204:
3101:
3066:
2938:
2876:
2747:
2729:
1671:
631:
508:
532:
Crerar attempted to introduce certain attributes of a standard party to the Progressives, including
3901:
3184:
3058:
3050:
2880:
2851:
2836:
590:
578:
378:
184:
338:
and were too strongly tied to business interests. Generally, farmers groups formed alliances with
3917:
3320:
3037:. Agriculture Minister Maharg, a former SGGA president, resigned from the Cabinet in protest and
2918:
2840:
245:
220:
209:
3450:
3427:
3372:
2971:
in the 1920s to form a Liberal-Progressive party there. Despite this, in 1942, Manitoba Premier
615:
faction of left wing Progressive, Labour and United Farmer MPs. Most sitting UFA MPs joined the
3395:
3306:
3299:
3283:
3260:
2410:
was elected as a UFO MP in 1926 and ran for re-election as a Liberal in 1930 and was defeated.
17:
3788:
3723:
3310:
3231:
3038:
2737:
721:
552:
367:
3225:
3843:
3758:
3645:
3338:
3109:
3097:
2725:
2461:
2133:
2047:
1725:
1339:
1288:
1041:
988:
664:
597:
544:
497:
464:
accepted his endorsement as national leader by the Canadian Council of Agriculture in 1921.
362:. The most important issue to farmers in western Canada at the time was free trade with the
213:
3224:
Tony Fitzpatrick; Huck-ju Kwon; Nick Manning; James Midgley; Gillian Pascall, eds. (2006).
2925:
and the formal decision of the UFO to withdraw from electoral politics, most remaining UFO
1674:
was elected as UFO in 1921, ran for re-election as a Progressive in 1925 but was defeated.
3530:
3018:
1980:
725:
533:
448:
359:
323:
543:
As well, the UFA MPs, other farmer MPs and the three Labour MPs in the House of Commons (
3886:
3783:
3748:
3523:
3443:
3420:
3388:
3365:
3276:
3253:
3078:
2733:
2718:
1528:
913:
689:
ideology, forming a definite line of western protest that continued to run through the
650:
candidate in the 1935 election but was defeated running under the same banner in 1940.
639:
586:
382:
354:
The origins of the Progressive Party can be traced to the politics of compromise under
663:, who served with the Liberals for decades, first as a cabinet minister and then as a
3932:
3907:
2946:
2868:
2407:
784:
737:
660:
493:
437:
425:
374:
363:
205:
3005:
ran seven candidates and elected six members to the Saskatchewan legislature in the
504:
and New Brunswick, but this failed to translate into seats in the House of Commons.
3811:
3113:
2972:
2770:
1303:
818:
743:
713:
671:
612:
556:
537:
3088:
While the Progressives moved to the right, more radical farmers gravitated to the
2979:. As a condition of his accepting the leadership, the party's name was changed to
3025:. A political crisis ensued the Liberal government in late 1921 in which Premier
3022:
2934:
2914:
702:
573:
MPs. Forke resigned as Progressive house leader on June 30, 1926, one day after
501:
418:
298:
225:
201:
35:
3009:
despite the absence of a provincial organization due to the reluctance of the
335:
2769:
The study of the Progressive Party is almost wholly dominated by one author,
3093:
701:
movement, from which a large number of MLAs were elected in New Brunswick,
3324:
2721:
ran for re-election as a UFO-Labour candidate in 1930 and was successful.
2782:
1993:* not applicable – the party was not recognized in the previous election
1667:* not applicable – the party was not recognized in the previous election
512:
319:
3904:
that acts as a party in the legislature, but does not contest elections
2902:
386:
315:
311:
3339:"House of Commons Debates, 13th Parliament, 4th Session : Vol. 1"
2200:
306:
275:
2975:, a Progressive, was persuaded to become the leader of the national
685:
Others, especially the radical populists, would later turn towards
516:
what it did wrong. The two groups agreed to refuse the position of
405:. The first big activity was the farmers' march on Ottawa in 1911.
3104:
decided to form a new political party. In 1932 it joined with the
2949:. The Liberal-Progressives subsequently joined the Liberal Party.
2714:* The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.
2403:* The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.
235:
2887:
and no other UF candidates were elected at subsequent elections.
3053:. They were reduced to third party status and five seats in the
2754:
and was succeeded in a by-election by a Liberal, and the third,
928:
candidate but was defeated running under the same banner in the
3558:
716:, who was then serving as the Progressive Premier of Manitoba.
585:
prompted by the fall of the interim Conservative government of
29:
619:
party, and all the UFA MPs were defeated at the polls in the
3586:
Federal political parties and parliamentary groups in Canada
2827:. The movement nominated 16 candidates and elected 7 in the
2697:
2386:
1969:
1650:
1228:
278:
in the 1920s until 1930. It was linked with the provincial
2987:(CCF), rather than the renamed Progressive Conservatives.
2814:. However Newfoundland was not part of Canada until 1949.
3085:. By the next election the Progressives had disappeared.
2929:(MLAs) took to calling themselves "Progressives". In the
2839:
with 11 MLAs (elected with a 30.9% of the popular vote).
670:
The more radical of the progressives split two ways. The
2810:
provides an interesting case that parallels that of the
366:. The National Policy implemented by Prime Minister Sir
3550:
The Prairie Roots of Canada's Political 'Third Parties'
2802:
movement, or indeed a movement of farmers at all, the
3116:
joined the new party to become its first MLA. In the
3049:
the Progressives again won six seats and formed the
3767:
3696:
3644:
3592:
3466:, Library of Parliament, accessed February 14, 2008
697:. The CCF and Social Credit had their roots in the
231:
219:
195:
175:
167:
152:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3442:
3419:
3387:
3364:
3298:
3275:
3252:
2750:, resigned in 1933 to become vice-chairman of the
3493:"History - Nova Scotia Federation of Agriculture"
2724:*** The three Labour and Independent Labour MPs,
936:Combined Progressive/United Farmer/Labour results
282:parties in several provinces, and it spawned the
3029:angered the SGGA by campaigning for the federal
2871:MLAs who sat together and allowed the incumbent
3090:United Farmers of Canada (Saskatchewan Section)
3033:against the Progressive Party of Canada in the
2883:situation. None of them were re-elected in the
3570:
569:This left the party dominated by the radical
467:The new party won 58 of the 235 seats in the
8:
3358:
3356:
3305:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp.
3061:status due to a strong showing by a revived
297:movement in Canada rose to prominence after
3227:International Encyclopedia of Social Policy
3077:to take power as premier; one Progressive,
483:The Progressives won 24 of the 81 seats in
3577:
3563:
3555:
131:
3081:, was appointed to Anderson's cabinet as
2761:x – less than 0.005% of the popular vote
2693:
2382:
1996:x – less than 0.005% of the popular vote
1965:
1646:
1224:
421:were won by "United Farmers" candidates.
274:, was a federal-level political party in
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3477:The Workers' Revolt in Canada, 1917-1925
3449:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
3426:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
3394:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
3371:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
3282:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
3259:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
2981:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
2419:
2005:
1683:
1246:
946:
754:
602:Minister of Immigration and Colonization
511:with the Liberals. This was resisted by
3487:
3485:
3464:Agnes MacPhail, Parliamentary biography
3216:
3011:Saskatchewan Grain Growers' Association
2668:
2357:
1940:
1621:
1198:
27:20th-century political party in Canada
3969:Political parties established in 1920
3156:List of Progressive/United Farmer MPs
2933:the remaining Progressive MLAs under
2909:formed government as a result of the
2702:History of Federal Ridings since 1867
2422:
2391:History of Federal Ridings since 1867
2008:
1974:History of Federal Ridings since 1867
1686:
1655:History of Federal Ridings since 1867
1249:
1233:History of Federal Ridings since 1867
949:
334:were not strong enough proponents of
7:
3441:Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01).
3418:Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01).
3408:Knowledge: United Farmers of Alberta
3386:Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01).
3363:Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01).
3274:Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01).
3251:Morton, William Lewis (1950-01-01).
3190:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
3041:to sit as an Independent and become
2985:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
2867:elected nine United Farmers and two
676:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
617:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
559:, breaking from Forke's leadership.
190:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3979:Social democratic parties in Canada
3959:Federal political parties in Canada
3954:Defunct political parties in Canada
3479:, University of Toronto Press, 1998
3200:List of political parties in Canada
3122:Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
2927:Members of the Legislative Assembly
2921:. After the government's defeat in
2758:, did not seek re-election in 1935
395:Manitoba Grain Growers' Association
3949:Defunct agrarian political parties
3063:Conservative Party of Saskatchewan
301:. With the failure of the wartime
25:
3003:Progressive Party of Saskatchewan
2997:Progressive Party of Saskatchewan
284:Progressive Party of Saskatchewan
3805:Democratic Representative Caucus
34:
3445:The Progressive Party in Canada
3422:The Progressive Party in Canada
3390:The Progressive Party in Canada
3367:The Progressive Party in Canada
3278:The Progressive Party in Canada
3255:The Progressive Party in Canada
2775:The Progressive Party in Canada
728:for those that followed after.
709:after coming to power in 1922.
589:. The Liberals formed a stable
461:Canadian Council of Agriculture
45:needs additional citations for
18:United Farmers of New Brunswick
2440:
2026:
1704:
1267:
967:
678:(the forerunner of the modern
1:
3964:Political movements in Canada
3939:1920 establishments in Canada
3301:T.A. Crerar: A Political Life
3230:. Routledge. pp. 15–17.
3057:with the Liberals reduced to
2965:Progressive Party of Manitoba
2959:Progressive Party of Manitoba
707:Progressive Party of Manitoba
625:Social Credit Party of Canada
385:, the new immigrants brought
288:Progressive Party of Manitoba
69:"Progressive Party of Canada"
3535:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
3171:Fisherman's Protective Union
3108:in the province to form the
2804:Fisherman's Protective Union
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2027:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1268:
987:
984:
981:
978:
973:
968:
764:No. of candidates nominated
695:Conservative Party of Canada
496:. It also got five seats in
399:Alberta Farmers' Association
140:Parti progressiste du Canada
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2064:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
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1007:
268:Progressive Party of Canada
137:Progressive Party of Canada
4000:
3944:Agrarian parties in Canada
3838:Progressive/United Farmers
3655:Independent Senators Group
3144:House of Commons of Canada
3131:
3083:minister without portfolio
3015:Saskatchewan Liberal Party
2994:
2956:
2894:
272:National Progressive Party
3913:List of political parties
3895:
3799:Co-operative Commonwealth
3140:United Farmers of Alberta
3134:United Farmers of Alberta
2945:led by former UFO member
2907:United Farmers of Ontario
2897:United Farmers of Ontario
2848:Nova Scotia Liberal Party
2612:United Farmers of Alberta
2579:
2473:United Farmers of Ontario
2436:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2331:United Farmers of Ontario
2301:
2165:
2058:United Farmers of Alberta
2022:
2019:
2014:
2011:
1842:United Farmers of Ontario
1771:United Farmers of Alberta
1700:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1595:United Farmers of Ontario
1499:
1370:United Farmers of Alberta
1263:
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1139:
1107:United Farmers of Ontario
1074:United Farmers of Alberta
963:
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922:United Farmers of Ontario
907:United Farmers of Alberta
644:United Farmers of Ontario
609:United Farmers of Alberta
571:United Farmers of Alberta
555:) joined together in the
410:United Farmers of Ontario
403:United Farmers of Alberta
241:
180:United Farmers of Alberta
147:
3833:Progressive Conservative
3677:Progressive Senate Group
3297:REA, J.E. (1997-01-01).
3166:United Farmers of Quebec
3118:1934 provincial election
3106:Independent Labour Party
3055:1929 provincial election
3047:1925 provincial election
3043:Leader of the Opposition
2941:in an alliance with the
2931:1934 provincial election
2911:1919 provincial election
2865:1920 provincial election
2833:Independent Labour Party
2779:Governor General's Award
2302:Independent Progressive
1500:Independent Progressive
1140:Independent Progressive
414:1919 provincial election
3974:Progressivism in Canada
3663:Canadian Senators Group
3096:farm crisis during the
3031:Liberal Party of Canada
3027:William Melville Martin
2798:Though not part of the
2756:Archibald M. Carmichael
2698:http://www.elections.ca
2387:http://www.elections.ca
1970:http://www.elections.ca
1651:http://www.elections.ca
1229:http://www.elections.ca
636:Archibald M. Carmichael
430:Minister of Agriculture
221:Political position
3173:a similar movement in
2969:Manitoba Liberal Party
2752:Tariff Board of Canada
916:was re-elected in the
691:Reform Party of Canada
305:government to alter a
3877:Strength in Democracy
3866:Senate Liberal Caucus
3850:Ralliement créditiste
3035:1921 federal election
3007:1921 general election
2943:Ontario Liberal Party
2829:1920 general election
2825:United Farmer's Guide
930:1940 federal election
918:1935 federal election
627:political landslide.
469:1921 general election
442:John Archibald Maharg
3195:New Democratic Party
3102:George Hara Williams
3075:James T. M. Anderson
3067:coalition government
2967:had merged with the
2939:Liberal-Progressives
2831:. Aligning with the
2748:Milton Neil Campbell
2730:Abraham Albert Heaps
1672:Robert Henry Halbert
773:No. of popular vote
680:New Democratic Party
638:of Saskatchewan and
632:Milton Neil Campbell
579:Liberal-Progressives
509:coalition government
391:Grain Growers' Guide
330:, and felt that the
185:Liberal-Progressives
148:Former federal party
54:improve this article
3902:parliamentary group
3185:Non-Partisan League
3110:Farmer-Labour Group
3059:minority government
3051:official opposition
2881:minority government
2877:maintain confidence
2852:George Henry Murray
2837:official opposition
2773:, whose 1950 book,
770:No. of total votes
693:to the present day
591:minority government
534:Parliamentary Whips
518:Official Opposition
379:Non-Partisan League
3918:Politics of Canada
3770:historical parties
3714:Christian Heritage
3529:2017-07-06 at the
3522:Coneghan, Damian,
3112:. Progressive MLA
3013:to break with the
2977:Conservative Party
2841:Daniel G. McKenzie
2789:Provincial parties
2717:** Progressive MP
1979:2008-12-04 at the
1434:Independent Labour
522:Conservative Party
322:. It rejected the
246:Politics of Canada
210:Left-wing populism
3926:
3925:
3823:Labor-Progressive
3789:Canadian Alliance
3704:Animal Protection
3524:Progressive Party
3237:978-1-136-61004-2
3205:Farmers' movement
3039:crossed the floor
2738:Humphrey Mitchell
2707:
2706:
2396:
2395:
1986:
1985:
1660:
1659:
1238:
1237:
903:
902:
767:No. of seats won
475:Elected to office
368:John A. Macdonald
264:
263:
251:Political parties
176:Succeeded by
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3991:
3779:Anti-Confederate
3744:Marxist–Leninist
3697:Other registered
3594:House of Commons
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2835:they formed the
2726:J. S. Woodsworth
2420:
2134:J. S. Woodsworth
2006:
1684:
1340:J. S. Woodsworth
1247:
1042:J. S. Woodsworth
947:
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751:Election results
621:election of 1935
545:J. S. Woodsworth
498:British Columbia
387:Fabian socialism
214:Social democracy
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3828:New Democracy
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3797:
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3787:
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3649:
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3609:
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3543:
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3532:
3528:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3505:on 2012-09-04
3501:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3475:Craig Heron,
3472:
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3465:
3460:
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3345:September 27,
3341:. p. 176
3340:
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3141:
3135:
3127:
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3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3071:Conservatives
3069:allowing the
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
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3008:
3004:
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2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2947:Mitch Hepburn
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2885:1925 election
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2869:Farmer-Labour
2866:
2859:New Brunswick
2858:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2793:
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2780:
2776:
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2764:
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2759:
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2727:
2722:
2720:
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2703:
2699:
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2689:
2667:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
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2615:
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2608:
2607:
2583:
2576:
2575:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2492:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2449:
2444:
2437:Popular vote
2426:Party leader
2421:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2408:Beniah Bowman
2404:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2356:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2298:
2297:
2272:
2270:
2269:Farmer-Labour
2267:
2264:
2263:
2238:
2236:
2235:Labour-Farmer
2233:
2230:
2229:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2180:
2169:
2162:
2161:
2149:−50.0%
2146:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2111:−72.7%
2108:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2076:−18.2%
2073:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2035:
2030:
2023:Popular vote
2012:Party leader
2007:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1939:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1881:
1879:
1878:Labour-Farmer
1876:
1873:
1872:
1857:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1822:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1786:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1754:−50.0%
1751:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1713:
1708:
1701:Popular vote
1690:Party leader
1685:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1620:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1565:
1563:
1562:Farmer–Labour
1560:
1558:
1557:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1496:
1495:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1353:−33.3%
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:−12.65
1317:−62.1%
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1276:
1271:
1264:Popular vote
1253:Party leader
1248:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1197:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1136:
1135:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1054:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1016:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
994:
990:
976:
971:
964:Popular vote
953:Party leader
948:
943:
940:
935:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
896:
891:
886:
881:
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877:
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873:
867:
862:
857:
852:
850:
848:
845:
844:
838:
833:
828:
823:
820:
816:
814:
811:
810:
804:
799:
794:
789:
786:
785:Thomas Crerar
782:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
766:
763:
761:Party leader
760:
757:
756:
750:
745:
742:
739:
738:Thomas Crerar
736:
735:
732:Party leaders
731:
729:
727:
723:
717:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:Social Credit
683:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
653:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:1926 election
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
564:1925 election
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
527:
525:
523:
519:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
494:New Brunswick
491:
486:
481:
474:
472:
470:
465:
462:
458:
457:Michael Clark
452:
450:
445:
443:
439:
438:Robert Borden
435:
431:
427:
426:Thomas Crerar
422:
420:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Progressivism
371:
369:
365:
364:United States
361:
357:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:Conservatives
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
224:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
206:Progressivism
203:
200:
198:
194:
191:
186:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
155:
151:
146:
133:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2008
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3897:
3864:
3842:
3837:
3812:Ginger Group
3810:
3803:
3794:Conservative
3684:Conservative
3675:
3661:
3653:
3608:Conservative
3534:
3518:
3507:. Retrieved
3500:the original
3476:
3471:
3459:
3444:
3436:
3421:
3413:
3404:
3389:
3381:
3366:
3343:. Retrieved
3333:
3300:
3292:
3277:
3269:
3254:
3246:
3226:
3219:
3180:Labour Party
3175:Newfoundland
3137:
3114:Jacob Benson
3087:
3000:
2991:Saskatchewan
2973:John Bracken
2962:
2900:
2862:
2845:
2824:
2821:
2811:
2808:Newfoundland
2799:
2797:
2794:Newfoundland
2774:
2771:W. L. Morton
2768:
2760:
2745:
2742:
2723:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2694:
2641:
2604:−0.41
2580:Independent
2539:−0.35
2530:−100%
2490:
2447:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2383:
2178:
2166:Independent
2158:−0.95
2144:
2120:−2.41
2106:
2092:
2085:−0.55
2071:
2033:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1966:
1936:−0.04
1903:−0.11
1855:
1834:−0.10
1820:
1784:
1763:−4.52
1749:
1735:
1711:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1647:
1521:−0.05
1512:−100%
1492:−0.04
1395:−0.46
1362:−0.93
1304:Robert Forke
1298:
1274:
1225:
1052:
1014:
1004:T. A. Crerar
998:
974:
911:
904:
819:Robert Forke
744:Robert Forke
718:
714:John Bracken
711:
684:
672:Ginger Group
669:
661:T. A. Crerar
657:
629:
613:Ginger Group
606:
568:
561:
557:Ginger Group
542:
538:Robert Forke
531:
506:
482:
478:
466:
453:
446:
423:
419:by-elections
407:
372:
353:
294:
292:
271:
267:
265:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3900:indicate a
3734:Libertarian
3632:Independent
3023:John Maharg
2935:Harry Nixon
2915:E. C. Drury
2818:Nova Scotia
2642:Progressive
2431:candidates
2093:Progressive
2017:candidates
1736:Progressive
1695:candidates
1299:Progressive
1258:candidates
999:Progressive
958:candidates
703:Nova Scotia
553:Joseph Shaw
502:Nova Scotia
412:ran in the
299:World War I
226:Centre-left
202:Agrarianism
3933:Categories
3772:and groups
3759:Rhinoceros
3689:Vacant (5)
3637:Vacant (2)
3509:2017-03-11
3325:j.ctt81cmp
3211:References
401:, and the
336:free trade
286:, and the
80:newspapers
3739:Marijuana
3719:Communist
3094:Dust Bowl
2547:Socialist
2452:% Change
2038:% Change
1911:Socialist
1716:% Change
1467:Socialist
1279:% Change
1169:Socialist
979:% Change
758:Election
746:1922–1926
740:1920–1922
344:socialist
256:Elections
168:Dissolved
3882:Unionist
3768:Notable
3754:People's
3749:Maverick
3709:Centrist
3527:Archived
3150:See also
2953:Manitoba
2873:Liberals
2850:Premier
2783:Red Tory
2777:, won a
2695:Sources:
2384:Sources:
2373:188,926
1977:Archived
1967:Sources:
1956:253,483
1757:128,060
1648:Sources:
1637:304,582
1320:266,319
1226:Sources:
1217:24.875%
1214:776,397
1022:658,976
513:Montreal
434:Unionist
377:and the
332:Liberals
320:Manitoba
197:Ideology
3898:Italics
3602:Liberal
3128:Alberta
3073:leader
2937:ran as
2919:Premier
2903:Ontario
2891:Ontario
2684:22,105
2652:3*****
2646:
2616:
2577:
2551:
2533:14,423
2518:
2510:
2496:
2481:
2469:
2464:Change
2448:Elected
2335:
2299:
2273:
2265:
2239:
2231:
2220:11,999
2205:
2197:
2186:15,988
2163:
2152:26,548
2125:
2114:70,822
2097:
2079:56,968
2062:
2050:Change
2034:Elected
1915:
1882:
1874:
1846:
1828:55,661
1811:
1803:
1792:60,740
1775:
1740:
1728:Change
1712:Elected
1640:10.94%
1599:
1566:
1533:
1497:
1471:
1438:
1405:
1374:
1356:56,987
1331:
1291:Change
1275:Elected
1220:
1173:
1158:0.115%
1137:
1111:
1093:22,251
1078:
1060:85,388
1057:
1033:
1025:21.09%
991:Change
975:Elected
864:128,060
835:266,319
801:658,976
665:Senator
623:by the
598:cabinet
581:in the
562:In the
490:Liberal
485:Commons
432:in the
383:Britain
381:. From
350:Origins
326:of the
316:Alberta
312:Ontario
232:Colours
158: (
153:Founded
94:scholar
3860:Reform
3818:Labour
3729:Future
3646:Senate
3398:, 106.
3323:
3313:
3234:
2905:, the
2710:Notes:
2687:0.74%
2669:Total
2622:9****
2601:0.01%
2582:Labour
2569:0.01%
2536:0.33%
2514:Labour
2505:+0.16
2502:0.39%
2499:7,210
2477:Labour
2434:Seats
2423:Party
2376:4.84%
2358:Total
2320:0.03%
2317:1,294
2291:0.05%
2288:2,091
2260:+0.04
2257:0.08%
2254:3,276
2223:0.31%
2201:Farmer
2189:0.41%
2168:Labour
2155:0.68%
2129:Labour
2117:1.82%
2082:1.46%
2020:Seats
2009:Party
1989:Notes:
1959:7.78%
1941:Total
1933:0.02%
1900:0.04%
1897:1,441
1866:0.21%
1863:6,909
1831:1.71%
1825:+100%
1807:Labour
1798:+1.61
1795:1.87%
1789:+450%
1760:3.93%
1698:Seats
1687:Party
1663:Notes:
1622:Total
1584:0.02%
1551:0.04%
1548:1,130
1529:Farmer
1518:0.06%
1515:1,768
1489:0.06%
1486:1,888
1456:0.09%
1453:2,901
1423:0.15%
1420:4,774
1392:0.26%
1389:8,053
1359:1.81%
1335:Labour
1323:8.45%
1261:Seats
1250:Party
1199:Total
1191:0.10%
1188:3,094
1155:3,309
1129:0.13%
1126:3,919
1096:0.71%
1066:+0.90
1063:2.73%
1037:Labour
961:Seats
950:Party
926:Labour
893:70,822
806:21.09%
654:Legacy
648:Labour
528:Demise
340:Labour
307:tariff
276:Canada
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3887:Unity
3626:Green
3610:(119)
3604:(153)
3503:(PDF)
3496:(PDF)
3321:JSTOR
2913:with
2879:in a
2589:1***
2524:2***
2429:# of
2399:Note:
2015:# of
1693:# of
1256:# of
956:# of
920:as a
898:1.82%
869:3.93%
840:8.45%
303:Union
236:Green
101:JSTOR
87:books
3724:Free
3686:(12)
3680:(14)
3672:(15)
3666:(18)
3658:(41)
3622:(25)
3616:(33)
3347:2022
3311:ISBN
3286:–93.
3232:ISBN
3138:The
3021:and
3001:The
2963:The
2923:1923
2863:The
2732:and
2598:221
2566:251
2443:1930
2415:1935
2341:1**
2029:1926
2001:1930
1930:672
1707:1925
1679:1926
1605:1**
1581:762
1270:1921
1242:1925
1202:170
1008:137
970:1917
942:1921
876:1930
847:1926
813:1925
779:1921
634:and
551:and
358:Sir
342:and
318:and
293:The
266:The
171:1930
160:1920
156:1920
73:news
3634:(4)
3628:(2)
3451:129
3428:128
3373:118
2917:as
2901:In
2875:to
2806:of
2700:--
2675:15
2493:**
2406:**
2389:--
2367:15
2364:26
2361:44
2103:11
2100:15
2068:11
2065:10
1972:--
1950:26
1947:26
1944:61
1814:18
1778:12
1746:22
1743:28
1653:--
1631:26
1628:65
1625:97
1344:20
1314:22
1311:58
1308:68
1231:--
1208:65
1046:28
791:137
682:).
600:as
56:by
3935::
3533:,
3484:^
3396:95
3355:^
3319:.
3309:.
3307:73
3284:89
3261:76
3124:.
2728:,
2681:-
2678:1
2672:8
2658:-
2655:-
2649:-
2628:-
2625:-
2619:-
2595:-
2592:-
2586:1
2572:*
2563:*
2560:-
2557:*
2554:1
2527:-
2521:5
2487:-
2484:1
2462:pp
2458:%
2455:#
2370:-
2353:*
2346:*
2338:-
2323:*
2314:*
2311:-
2308:*
2305:1
2294:*
2285:*
2282:-
2279:*
2276:1
2251:-
2248:-
2245:-
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