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222:. In December 1967 the General Assembly adopted Resolution 2330 (XXII), which established a Special Committee on the Question of Defining Aggression. This body comprised 35 member states. After seven years, it reported back to the General Assembly with draft proposals that formed the basis of the final Definition of Aggression.
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The wording of the definition has been criticised by many commentators. Its clauses on the use of armed irregulars are vague, as it is unclear what level of "involvement" would entail state responsibility. It is also highly state-centric, in that it deems states to be the only actors liable for acts
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Article 2 states that the first use of force in contravention of the UN Charter will be prima facie evidence of aggression, but the
Security Council has the authority to determine that given the circumstances aggression has not taken place. A war of aggression is a series of acts committed with a
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but the
Assembly may not dictate to the Council. The resolution accompanying the definition states that it is intended to provide guidance to the Security Council to aid it "in determining, in accordance with the Charter, the existence of an act of aggression". The Security Council may apply or
322:, were non-state parties and thus were outside the scope of the definition. Moreover, the definition does not deal with the responsibilities of individuals for acts of aggression. It is widely perceived as an insufficient basis on which to ground individual criminal prosecutions.
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of aggression make it clear that not every act of aggression would constitute a crime against peace; only war of aggression does. States would nonetheless be held responsible for acts of aggression.
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disregard this guidance as it sees fit. Legal commentators argued in 1999 that the
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The adoption of the definition was the culmination of a long process begun in 1923 under the auspices of the
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Need to expedite the drafting of a definition of aggression in light of the present international situation
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of aggression. Domestic or transnational insurgent groups, such as those that took part in the
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permitting other states to use one's own territory to perpetrate acts of aggression, and
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General
Assembly resolution 3314 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974 (Definition of Aggression)
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L.F. Damrosch, "Enforcing
International Law through Non-forcible Measures", p. 202.
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the employment of armed irregulars or mercenaries to carry out acts of aggression.
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United
Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX) (Definition of Aggression)
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Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
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Presidents and vice-presidents of the
Assembly of States Parties
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armed invasions or attacks, occupation and annexation by force,
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empowers the General Assembly to make recommendations to the
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M.C. Bassiouni and B.B. Ferencz, "The Crime against Peace",
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on December 14, 1974 as a non-binding recommendation to the
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The definition is not binding on the Security Council. The
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sustained intent. The definition's distinction between an
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Official website of the International Court of Justice
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United Nations resolution adopted by consensus in 1974
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270:Also, certain use of third parties as "proxy" is
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952:Complaints
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395:Resolution
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233:aggression
214:Background
141:Resolution
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