270:, giving the date and name of each sinking, its size and location, and the commanding officer at the time. He has additional tables that give greater details of the special missions; and he has a table that lists the vessels sunk in combined attacks, either by multiple submarines, or submarines in concert with land-based aircraft, or submarines in concert with carrier-based aircraft, to the same level of detail as the by-submarine entries
155:, earning him the title of "grandfather" of World War II American Submarine historiography. Because the book was written shortly after the war, later scholars have found errors or omissions in its facts. Nevertheless, the book's sweeping narrative maintains it as a classic text in the American submarine force; excerpts are often read at ceremonies where submariners earn their
863:, USNR. Some were taken through periscopes or on deck by amateur photographers of the Submarine Service. A few are from the private collections of submariners with their own cameras—pictures released to their owners after the war. Space does not permit a complete listing of credits. One way or another, the photographs are all Navy pictures.
199:
as "an extraordinary book...the definitive submarine history." Written by a competent professional historian a generation apart from Roscoe's work, each book casts reflections upon the other. At the end of each narrative, both authors appended tables of the history of World War 2 from the individual
170:
of the submarine war to publishable size. His resulting book was published in 1949 by the U.S. Naval
Institute, Annapolis, Maryland. "It is a truncated version of the Operational History (sometimes reproduced word for word)...the Operational History in more manageable form." The work was further
853:
Blair provides 32 pages of pictures. Roscoe provides 15 illustrations such at the top of this article, the back of each illustration is a page (twice the size of Blair's) of photographs. There are several common pictures, most notably the one shown on the Amazon link below. Roscoe provides his
717:, the discrepancy between claimed and confirmed sinkings, the professional disputations between force commanders. If there is anything left out, I certainly do not know what it is, for this book gives the whole scene, the good and the bad, the heroes and the failures, the eager and the reluctant.
668:
may be 104,564 tons, 4,333 tons above the long recognized and accepted value of Roscoe's 100,231 tons, Blair sums to neither. These errors occur and are understandable in the 29 times combination sinkings occur. Blair's occasional choice to round in "some instances" make his
893:
sunk beneath him at Cavite, Philippine
Islands on 10 December 1941. He became the Submarines Pacific Operations Officer who planned the operations that are the subjects of both books. Given the job by Admiral Lockwood to write the
858:
The photographs in were collected from various sources. Most of them are official Navy photographs by official Navy photographers. Many were taken by the famous
Steichen Photographic Unit under the direction of Captain
906:
produced by Voge et al. is a massive document of more than 1500 pages dealing with every conceivable operational aspect of the submarine war. No one attempting a serious submarine history should begin without consulting
220:-assessed ships and tonnage sunk, the applicable patrol area, with minimal footnotes about the involvement in any special missions the submarine might be undertaking, and footnotes that indicate shared-credit sinkings.
872:
Roscoe's index is sparse, at 10 pages. Blair's index is 64 pages, well beyond Roscoe's even adjusting for page size, having over 2000 entries. Blair has 13 pages of source discussion, Roscoe has one (Voge's
343:. On the other hand, Blair introduces partial credit for ships sunk in cooperative engagements, and while Roscoe gives a table of such occurrences, he makes no special use of its information.
212:, include the departure point for each patrol, its start month, submarine commanding officer, patrol duration, wartime assessed ships and tonnage sunk (usually as made by Vice Admiral
1444:
664:
Note Blair's typographical error for Patrol 2, the use of partial credit for Patrol 3 with 4,333 tons above Roscoe, and the rounding in Patrol 5. While the proper summation for
323:
Roscoe: 16–18 August '42 (Lt. Cdr. W. H. Brockman, Jr.) Carried portion of "Carlson's" Marine
Raiders on Makin Island raid. Supported it with gunfire and sank 2 ships in lagoon.
1434:
335:
For Blair, in "some instances, both wartime credits and postwar credits are rounded off to the nearest 100 tons." Roscoe provides an accurate transcription of the
300:
Roscoe: 3 Feb '42 (Lt. Cdr. F. W. Fenno, Jr) Delivered 3500 rounds of 3" AA to
Corregidor. Evacuated 20 tons of Philippine gold and silver plus securities and mail
693:
Generally, it tells a positive story; the "skipper problem," for example, is not dealt with. However, the torpedo section contains a long and frank account of
973:
673:
tabulations not reconcile with the record. Blair does, however, include other Axis vessels sunk and confirmed in his tables. This does not happen in
1429:
942:
705:, being 26 years later, lives up to the rest of Beach's acclaim, and shows that it was the work of a professional vice occasional historian :
346:
Where rounding or partial credit are injected, Blair's tabulations and Roscoe's transcription do not reconcile. A prominent example is that of
227:
assessments were about 50% of
Admiral Lockwood's post-patrol judgement, as relayed to him by the commanding officers. The reasons are various:
1335:
1034:
898:
for submarines, he produced "Submarine
Commands, Volumes 1 and 2." He is the sole source for Roscoe, and the seminal source for Blair:
374:
share is 4,333 tons, a number inferred by Roscoe and made use of by Blair. Comparing the two evaluations yields the following table.
278:
In highlighting the difference in specificity between Blair and Roscoe concerning special submarine missions, here are two examples.
1405:
1377:
1287:
1439:
1424:
76:
156:
713:
does not shy away from full and complete treatment of the controversial aspects of our submarine campaign: our
1301:
949:
305:
1397:
886:
347:
290:
196:
924:
213:
163:
320:
Blair: August 1942; William H. Brockman, Jr.; Makin Island raid
834:
Roscoe provides 20 maps, graphs, and diagrams; and 11 charts. The charts are two-page foldouts.
282:
263:
JANAC-credit for sinking a small escort vessel five miles away from the large maru she did sink.
145:
1401:
1373:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1283:
967:
313:
252:
248:
66:
162:
After World War II, John M. Will of the US Navy Bureau of
Personnel hired Roscoe to reduce
1365:
1353:
860:
714:
694:
141:
28:
837:
Blair provides 37 maps, none of which fold out. This is a significant difference since
1325:
297:
Blair: January 1942; Frank W. Fenno, Jr,; Corregidor
1418:
1277:
1387:
359:
152:
38:
354:, acclaimed by both as the tonnage "champion" of World War 2. On 26 July 1944,
56:
1391:
1273:
184:
1306:
Japanese Naval and
Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II by All Causes
148:
105:
1345:
376:
234:
Not every vessel that sank was the one intended. Crossing merchantmen (
259:, asserted that a typographical error in his fourth patrol report gave
1370:
Pig Boats: The True Story of the
Fighting Submariners of World War II
756:
Statistical Summary: Attrition War Against Japanese Merchant Marine
1297:
674:
670:
435:
425:
415:
405:
395:
385:
336:
224:
217:
1330:. Chicago, New York, San Francisco: Rand McNally & Company.
1302:"Appendix: Japanese Shipping Lost by United States Submarines"
241:
A torpedo that missed might hit a farther-on vessel by chance.
765:
Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Sunk by U.S. Submarines
726:
689:(577 pages vs. 1500-plus) Roscoe inherits Voge's problems:
238:) and escorts might put themselves in the way of a torpedo.
208:
Blair's Appendices E and F, organized chronologically by
771:
Sunk by U.S. Submarines and Navy Carrier-based Aircraft
128:
United States Destroyer Operations in World War II
1282:. Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lippincott Company.
327:
In no case does Blair match the specificity of Roscoe.
1360:. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute.
1132:
1130:
885:
Rear Admiral Richard G. Voge, USN, had his submarine
787:
World War II Submarine Skippers Selected to Flag Rank
1279:
Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan
784:
World War II Submarine Squadron Commanders, Pacific
780:The following appendices are in Blair as lettered:
123:
112:
100:
92:
82:
72:
62:
57:
U.S. submarine campaign against the Japanese Empire
52:
44:
34:
24:
20:United States Submarine Operations in World War II
1358:United States Submarine Operations in World War II
1327:Clear the Bridge!: The War Patrols of the USS Tang
137:United States Submarine Operations in World War II
759:Table: Japanese Merchant Ship Losses (All Causes)
774:Sunk by U.S. Submarines and Land-based Aircraft
731:The following addenda are in Roscoe as ordered:
266:Roscoe's tables are organized alphabetically by
896:Official Administrative and Operational History
790:Postwar Commanders of Submarines Atlantic Fleet
1445:Non-fiction books about the United States Navy
793:Postwar Commanders of Submarines Pacific Fleet
986:
8:
19:
1045:
762:Submarine Leaders (Ships and Tonnage Sunk)
171:condensed in paperback by Bantam Books as
18:
1435:Non-fiction books about submarine warfare
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
808:Best War Patrols by Tonnage of Ships Sunk
805:Best War Patrols by Numbers of Ships Sunk
1298:The Joint Army Navy Assessment Committee
768:Sunk by Combinations of U.S. Submarines
370:, a passenger-cargo ship of 8,666 tons.
144:is a classic history of the role of the
1372:(abridged ed.). New York: Bantam.
1018:
1016:
1014:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
916:
814:Top Submarines by Tonnage of Ships Sunk
1257:
1245:
1173:
1136:
1121:
1093:
1069:
972:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
965:
811:Top Submarines by Number of Ships Sunk
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1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1148:
1117:
1105:
1081:
1057:
1022:
1005:
753:Submarine Special Missions Chronology
244:Optimistic reporting by participants.
7:
1035:Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee
929:wwii-submarine-operations.tripod.com
750:Submarine Tenders in the Pacific War
339:report, the same as found in Voge's
16:1949 history book by Theodore Roscoe
841:is an 8½ inch by 11 inch book, and
231:Not every vessel that was hit sank.
14:
830:Maps, Charts, Graphs and Diagrams
1430:History books about World War II
817:Submarine Losses in World War II
685:At one-third the size of Voge's
854:pictures to the public domain.
796:Submarine War Patrols, Atlantic
799:Submarine War Patrols, Pacific
1:
849:Photographs and Illustrations
77:United States Naval Institute
802:Top Skippers of World War II
741:Presidential Unit Citations
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638:104,446
157:Submarine Warfare insignia
987:Waddle & Abraham 2003
631:
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535:
508:
476:
444:
432:
422:
412:
402:
392:
382:
379:
1400:: Integrity Publishers.
1390:; Abraham, Ken (2003).
200:submarine perspective.
1440:Books of naval history
1425:1949 non-fiction books
909:
865:
782:
722:Appendices and Addenda
719:
699:
289:assistance during the
251:, famous commander of
1308:. HyperWar Foundation
900:
856:
707:
691:
1398:Brentwood, Tennessee
839:Submarine Operations
747:Submarine Wolf-packs
291:Battle of Corregidor
1300:(3 February 1947).
904:Operational History
875:Operational History
868:Indices and Sources
744:Navy Unit Citations
701:On the other hand,
687:Operational History
341:Operational History
214:Charles A. Lockwood
191:(see references).
168:Operational History
21:
1322:O'Kane, Richard H.
1248:, pp. 564–565
881:About Richard Voge
709:Most importantly,
358:, in concert with
312:assistance to the
146:United States Navy
1368:(December 1958).
1337:978-0-528-81058-9
826:
825:
738:Submarine Losses
657:
656:
314:Makin Island raid
195:was acclaimed by
133:
132:
93:Publication place
1452:
1411:
1383:
1366:Roscoe, Theodore
1361:
1354:Roscoe, Theodore
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1020:
1009:
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990:
984:
978:
977:
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963:
961:
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954:
948:. Archived from
947:
939:
933:
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735:Submarines Lost
727:
695:torpedo problems
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606:
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377:
274:Special Missions
210:submarine patrol
179:Blair vs. Roscoe
124:Followed by
84:Publication date
67:Military History
22:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1453:
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1450:
1449:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1393:The Right Thing
1386:
1380:
1364:
1352:
1338:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1296:
1290:
1274:Blair, Clay Jr.
1272:
1269:
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1208:
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1120:, p. 990,
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993:
985:
981:
964:
958:
956:
952:
945:
943:"Archived copy"
941:
940:
936:
923:
922:
918:
914:
883:
870:
861:Edward Steichen
851:
832:
827:
724:
715:lousy torpedoes
683:
661:
659:
642:
622:
613:
604:
590:
581:
572:
558:
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276:
206:
181:
142:Theodore Roscoe
118:(first edition)
101:Media type
85:
29:Theodore Roscoe
17:
12:
11:
5:
1458:
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1126:
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1027:
1010:
1008:, p. 1003
991:
979:
934:
915:
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891: (SS-195)
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879:
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843:Silent Victory
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703:Silent Victory
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411:
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391:
381:
364: (SS-291)
352: (SS-249)
332:
329:
325:
324:
321:
310: (SS-168)
302:
301:
298:
287: (SS-202)
275:
272:
257: (SS-306)
249:Richard O'Kane
246:
245:
242:
239:
232:
205:
202:
193:Silent Victory
189:Silent Victory
185:Clay Blair Jr.
180:
177:
164:Richard Voge's
131:
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125:
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110:
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1423:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1407:1-59145-036-5
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:Waddle, Scott
1385:
1381:
1379:0-553-13040-4
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1307:
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1299:
1295:
1291:
1289:0-397-00753-1
1285:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1260:, p. xii
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1236:, p. 971
1235:
1230:
1227:
1224:, p. 966
1223:
1218:
1215:
1212:, p. 961
1211:
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1200:, p. 949
1199:
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1188:, p. 948
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1182:
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1176:, p. 534
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1166:
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1158:
1154:
1151:, p. 942
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1139:, p. 564
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1127:
1124:, p. 525
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1119:
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1111:
1108:, p. 900
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1102:
1099:
1096:, p. 509
1095:
1090:
1087:
1084:, p. 917
1083:
1078:
1075:
1072:, p. 508
1071:
1066:
1063:
1060:, p. 907
1059:
1054:
1051:
1048:, p. 469
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1017:
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988:
983:
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975:
969:
955:on 2011-07-16
951:
944:
938:
935:
930:
926:
925:"Terminology"
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899:
897:
892:
890:
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878:
876:
867:
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862:
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848:
846:
845:is 6½ by 9½.
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829:
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1310:. Retrieved
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1229:
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1181:
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1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1030:
1025:, dustjacket
989:, p. 74
982:
957:. Retrieved
950:the original
937:
928:
919:
903:
901:
895:
888:
884:
874:
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842:
838:
836:
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779:
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677:and Roscoe.
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153:World War II
136:
135:
134:
127:
117:
39:Fred Freeman
1312:23 November
1258:Roscoe 1949
1246:Roscoe 1949
1174:Roscoe 1949
1137:Roscoe 1949
1122:Roscoe 1949
1094:Roscoe 1949
1070:Roscoe 1949
1046:O'Kane 1977
366:, sank the
331:Tabulations
166:1,500-page
35:Illustrator
1419:Categories
1267:References
1234:Blair 1975
1222:Blair 1975
1210:Blair 1975
1198:Blair 1975
1186:Blair 1975
1149:Blair 1975
1118:Blair 1975
1106:Blair 1975
1082:Blair 1975
1058:Blair 1975
1023:Blair 1975
1006:Blair 1975
959:2011-01-18
600:Flasher-6
568:Flasher-5
536:Flasher-4
509:Flasher-3
477:Flasher-2
445:Flasher-1
368:Tosan Maru
149:submarines
887:USS
681:Narrative
433:Inclusive
423:Inclusive
372:Flasher's
360:USS
348:USS
306:USS
283:USS
268:submarine
253:USS
197:Ned Beach
187:authored
173:Pig Boats
106:hardcover
73:Publisher
1356:(1949).
1324:(1977).
1276:(1975).
968:cite web
653:104,564
647:100,231
440:Tonnage
438:Credited
428:Credited
420:Tonnage
418:Credited
413:Roscoe's
408:Credited
403:Roscoe's
400:Tonnage
398:Credited
388:Credited
362:Crevalle
308:Nautilus
183:In 1975
45:Language
1346:2965421
889:Sealion
666:Flasher
632:Totals
595:42,868
586:42,868
577:42,800
563:18,610
554:18,610
545:18,610
531:24,949
525:20,616
472:10,528
463:10,528
454:10,528
393:Blair's
383:Blair's
380:
356:Flasher
350:Flasher
304:Noting
281:Noting
204:General
116:577 pp
104:Print (
53:Subject
48:English
1404:
1376:
1344:
1334:
1286:
821:
660:
515:24,949
504:6,759
495:6,759
486:6,709
430:Ships
410:Ships
390:Ships
25:Author
953:(PDF)
946:(PDF)
912:Notes
675:JANAC
671:JANAC
650:21.5
635:21.5
436:JANAC
426:JANAC
416:JANAC
406:JANAC
396:JANAC
386:JANAC
337:JANAC
285:Trout
236:Marus
225:JANAC
218:JANAC
113:Pages
63:Genre
1402:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1342:OCLC
1332:ISBN
1314:2011
1284:ISBN
974:link
902:The
627:850
618:850
609:850
528:4.5
512:4.5
261:Tang
255:Tang
88:1949
907:it.
877:).
151:in
140:by
1421::
1396:.
1340:.
1304:.
1156:^
1129:^
1013:^
994:^
970:}}
966:{{
927:.
643:.0
641:21
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591:.0
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459:.0
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316::
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159:.
1410:.
1382:.
1348:.
1316:.
1292:.
976:)
962:.
931:.
697:.
621:1
612:1
603:1
589:6
580:6
571:6
557:3
548:3
539:3
519:4
498:3
489:3
480:3
466:4
457:4
448:4
108:)
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