431:
Volume of traffic, or vehicle miles traveled (VMT), is a predictor of crash incidence. All other things being equal, as VMT increases, so will traffic crashes. The relationship may not be simple, however; after a point, increasing congestion leads to reduced speeds, hanging
401:
can be defined as the payload per period, say passenger / day or tonne / day. This can be used as the measure of intensity of the transportation on a particular section or point of transportation infrastructure, say road or railway. This can be used in comparison with the construction, running costs
420:
In the United States, the unit is used as an aggregate in yearly federal publications, while its usage is more sporadic in other countries. For instance, it appears to compare different kind of roads in some publications as it had been computed on a five-year period between 1995 and 2000.
204:
A transit system serving a community with a widely dispersed population must operate circuitous routes that tend to carry fewer passengers per distance (km or mile). A higher number is more favorable.
375:
traveling from Los
Angeles to Chicago (approximate distance 2,015 miles) carrying 14 short tons of cargo delivers a service of 14 * 2,015 = 28,210 ton-miles of freight (equal to about 41,187 tkm).
417:
Usually, transport risk is computed by reference to the distance traveled by people, while for road traffic risk, only vehicle traveled distance is usually taken into account.
620:
460:
MacNeal 1994 discusses the history of this topic, exploring such units and how humans developed the current state of logically recognizing and naming them.
424:
In the United States, it is computed per 100 million miles traveled, while internationally it is computed in 100 million or 1 billion kilometers traveled.
192:
A system may carry a high number of passengers per distance (km or mile) but a relatively low number of passengers per bus hour if vehicles operate in
92:, determined by multiplying the number of vehicles on a given road or traffic network by the average length of their trips measured in kilometres.
345:
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390:(TEUs), rather than cargo weight, e.g. a TEU-km would be the equivalent of one twenty-foot container transported one kilometer.
479:
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414:) is a unit for assessing road traffic fatalities. This metric is computed by dividing the fatalities by the estimated VMT.
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141:; determined by multiplying the number of unlinked passenger trips by the average length of their trips.
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can be measured in L/100 km or miles per gallon (mpg). This can be normalized per vehicle, as in
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in the US: 1 ton-mile * ( 0.907185 t / short ton) * ( 1.609344 km / mile ) = 1.460 tkm
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220:(kgkm), the service of moving one kilogram of payload a distance of one kilometre.
89:
62:
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According to the
Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Office of Traffic Safety
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of the measure is the product of the payload mass and the distance transported.
720:
Scheduled
Passengers Carried, World Air Transport Statistics 51st Edition, IATA
360:
314:
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Passenger-distance is the distance (km or miles) travelled by passengers on
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51:
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546:"Wörterbuch der Abkürzungen, Neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage"
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the proportion of crashes that occur at different severity levels.
34:, as used in statistics, planning, and their related applications.
310:
239:
603:"OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms – TEU-kilometre Definition"
58:
unit used, outside the US, to measure the length of a journey;
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In the US, sometimes United States customary units are used.
503:
Road traffic demand elasticities A rapid evidence assessment
128:; Person (often abbreviated as either "pax" or "p." or No.)
110:) same as before but measures the trip expressed in miles.
71:
is rarely used to derive units of transportation quantity.
679:
Department of Public Safety, Office of
Traffic Safety
501:
Dunkerley, Fay; Rohr, Charlene; Daly, Andrew (2014).
348:(IATA) releases its statistics in the metric units.)
283:), moving 1 kg of cargo a distance of 1 km;
65:(mi) is used in the US; 1 mi = 1.609344 km
336:units (pkm and tkm) are used internationally. (In
16:
Ways of measuring the transport of goods and people
162: ?) sometimes in the US; 1 pmi = 1.609344 pkm
508:(Report). Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation.
722:provides an example of transportation statistics
548:. Mannheim, Leipzig, Wien, Zürich: Dudenverlag.
429:
585:"Main Terms Used in Civil Aviation Statistics"
266:1 t = (1/0.907) short tons = 1.102 short tons.
246:but an accepted metric unit, defined as 1,000
8:
672:"Minnesota Motor Vehicle Crash Facts, 2014"
524:Environmental Terminology Discovery Service
496:
494:
257:" is used in the US; 1 short ton = 2,000
694:Mathsemantics: Making Numbers Talk Sense
490:
346:International Air Transport Association
196:areas and thus travel at slower speed.
21:units of measurement in transportation
7:
560:"Abkürzungen und Akronym Datenbank"
216:. A simple unit of freight is the
14:
448:, or per seat, as for example in
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178:Passengers per hour per direction
173:Passengers per hour per direction
167:Passengers per hour per direction
42:The currently popular units are:
623:[Road safety in France]
621:"La sécurité routière en France"
386:traffic is commonly measured in
629:www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr
480:List of countries by rail usage
601:Directorate, OECD Statistics.
442:Energy efficiency in transport
1:
650:"Sécurité des routes express"
526:. European Environment Agency
342:United States customary units
309:), the transportation of one
180:(pphpd) measures the maximum
652:[Expressway safety]
388:twenty-foot equivalent units
631:(in French). Archived from
446:fuel economy in automobiles
200:Passengers per bus distance
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170:
692:MacNeal, Edward (1994).
450:fuel economy in aircraft
27:used to express various
564:abkuerzungen.woxikon.de
402:of the infrastructure.
344:are widely used, the
212:Freight is measured in
188:Passengers per bus hour
184:of a transport system.
54:(km) or kilometer is a
38:Transportation quantity
544:Werlin, Josef (1999).
434:
412:vehicle miles traveled
399:Transportation density
394:Transportation density
102:vehicle miles traveled
475:Passenger load factor
379:Intermodal containers
317:; 1 tkm = 1,000 kgkm.
566:(in German). Woxikon
470:Available seat miles
384:Intermodal container
741:Transport economics
410:Fatalities by VMT (
232:(kg), the standard
146:passenger-kilometre
25:unit of measurement
277:kilogram-kilometre
218:kilogram-kilometre
133:Passenger-distance
88:) as a measure of
61:the international
437:Energy efficiency
406:Fatalities by VMT
82:vehicle-kilometre
46:Length of journey
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120:Payload quantity
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638:on 2018-06-26.
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182:route capacity
171:Main article:
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156:passenger-mile
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736:Economic data
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568:. Retrieved
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528:. Retrieved
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520:"vehicle-km"
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96:vehicle-mile
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90:traffic flow
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76:Traffic flow
63:statute mile
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696:. Penguin.
242:(t), a non-
730:Categories
570:2024-07-28
530:2008-10-06
486:References
373:semi truck
355:Derivation
32:quantities
361:dimension
315:kilometre
313:over one
255:short ton
248:kilograms
194:congested
126:Passenger
115:Passenger
52:kilometre
464:See also
338:aviation
321:ton-mile
230:kilogram
456:History
367:Example
301:, also
208:Freight
700:
588:(docx)
340:where
334:metric
259:pounds
56:metric
675:(PDF)
654:(PDF)
636:(PDF)
625:(PDF)
506:(PDF)
328:Usage
311:tonne
281:kg⋅km
240:tonne
106:, or
698:ISBN
359:The
332:The
299:km⋅t
295:t⋅km
158:(or
19:The
307:kmt
305:or
303:tkm
297:or
289:or
160:pmi
150:pkm
148:or
108:VMT
86:vkm
732::
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522:.
493:^
452:.
371:A
244:SI
234:SI
706:.
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293:(
279:(
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98:(
84:(
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