243:(World Animal Protection 2007)... provides a valuable guiding philosophy for efforts to improve the welfare of animals". And, in the same year, the Council of the European Union discussed the proposal for a Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare and agreed that, "animal welfare is an issue of common concern and importance" It encouraged the EU Commission "to support and initiate further international initiatives to raise awareness and create a greater consensus on animal welfare". It also invited the member states and the Commission, within their respective competencies, "to support, in principle, the UDAW initiative in the relevant international fora".
290:) headquarters in Paris of the Universal Declaration of Animal Rights. Among the Declaration's pronouncements were that all animals have the same rights to existence, no animal shall be ill-treated or subject to cruelty, animals shall command the protection of law, and dead animals shall be treated with respect. The Declaration, however, waned and faded away before it could reach significant levels of international agreement.
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345:(freedom from hunger, thirst and malnutrition; freedom from fear and distress; freedom from physical and thermal discomfort; freedom from pain, injury and disease; and freedom to express normal patterns of behaviour) and the Three Rs (reduction in numbers of animals, refinement of experimental methods and replacement of animals with non-animal techniques) provide valuable guidance for the use of animals
25:
258:. The declaration as of October 2014 had the support, in principle, of 46 countries and of ministries from 17 further countries. More than 2.5 million people from a wide variety of UN member states have supported the public campaign. Some have argued that the agreement does not go far enough and should guarantee animal rights instead of simply animal welfare.
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welfare and hasten a better deal for animals worldwide. Their declaration would also underscore the importance of animal welfare as part of the moral development of humanity. So far a number of United
Nations member states are acting as a steering group to advance the initiative at the UN. See Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare, below, for a draft copy.
359:
The policies, legislation and standards of animal welfare attained by each state shall be promoted, recognized and observed by improved measures, nationally and internationally. Each member state should care for and treat animals in a humane and sustainable manner in accordance with the principles of
196:
In 2005, the UDAW inter-governmental steering committee was formed and representatives of the governments of Kenya, India, Costa Rica, the Czech
Republic and the Philippines agreed to champion the initiative. They led a group of governments whose officials have stated support in the following years,
246:
There have been several drafts of the declaration, with the most recent proposed in 2014. This draft takes into account feedback from UN member states, international organisations and non-governmental organisations. It develops the earlier draft arising from the Manila conference on animal welfare
306:
A draft text of the declaration, most recently updated by the OIE in 2014 provides a basis for states and peoples to work to improve their national animal welfare legislation, introduce animal welfare legislation in countries where it does not currently exist, encourage those businesses which use
297:
The animal organisations behind this new declaration envisage that signatory countries to the document will recognise animals as sentient beings. They hope their declaration will make animal welfare an important global issue, pioneer the way for legally binding international agreements on animal
242:
The Food and
Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations recognised UDAW in 2009, integrating animal welfare into its poverty alleviation, disaster relief and livestock development programmes and stating in a report of an expert meeting that, "The Draft Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
293:
More recently some of the world's leading animal welfare organisations have started campaigning for the United
Nations to adopt a new declaration. This time the declaration is on the welfare of animals: the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare. Welfare rather than rights probably was chosen
153:
was) the UDAW would be a non-binding set of principles that acknowledge the importance of the sentience of animals and human responsibilities towards them. The principles were designed to encourage and enable national governments to introduce and improve animal protection
266:
The lack of success in shaping internationally binding charters on animal rights has not been for want of trying. People in modern times have attempted to identify and advance the rights of animals at least since the 18th century. Credit usually goes to
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Acknowledgment that many states already have a system of legal protection for animals, both domestic and wild and that the continued effectiveness of these systems must be ensured, with the development of better and more comprehensive animal welfare
204:(OIE) passed a resolution supporting the development of a UDAW in principle, as did the Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA) and the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE). In August 2008, the national veterinary associations of
137:
such as farm animals, companion animals, animals in scientific research, draught animals, wildlife and animals in recreation. The declaration has not been agreed and focus has largely shifted over to creating the more legally binding
307:
animals to keep welfare at the forefront of their policies, link humanitarian, development and animal welfare agendas nationally and internationally, inspire positive change in public attitudes towards animal welfare.
614:
334:(OIE) in setting global standards for animal welfare and that member states should adopt all necessary measures to give effect to the principles of UDAW, including the implementation of these standards
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559:(This is the 2005 draft version. See reference to a newer 2011 version in the history section. Note that as at June 2012 this is still a draft proposal, not an international treaty in force.)
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includes animal health and encompasses both the physical and psychological state of the animal and that good practices in animal welfare can have major benefits for humans and the environment
383:
The public campaign to gain support for a UDAW, branded 'Animals Matter', was launched in June 2006. It reached one million signatures in
December 2007 with the President of Costa Rica, Sr.
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42:
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The welfare of animals shall be a common objective for all states and all appropriate steps shall be taken by member states to prevent cruelty to animals and to reduce their suffering.
171:
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that "calls upon the
Government to give its full and publicly-stated support for this initiative, including active support within the European Union and the United Nations."
170:(formerly the World Society for the Protection of Animals), which now acts as its Secretariat. It is supported by a planning group including Compassion in World Farming,
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Appropriate policies, legislation and standards on the welfare of animals will be further developed and elaborated, such as those governing the use and management of
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because welfare is a softer option than rights and therefore easier for people to accept. Thus it has a better chance of endorsement and of enduring.
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Recognition that humans inhabit this planet with other species and other forms of life and that all forms of life co-exist within an interdependent
61:
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The 20th century saw a number of international declarations supporting animal rights. Perhaps the most prominent venture was the announcement (
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391:, in March 2008. As of 2014, the petition had over 2.5 million signatures and support from people in a variety of UN member states.
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57:
969:
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Initial draft text arising from the Manila
Conference on Animal Welfare (2003) and the Costa Rica Steering Committee Meeting (2005)
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3041:
2871:
2698:
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1768:
1198:
569:
Schapper, A.; Bliss, C. (2023). "Transforming our world? Strengthening animal rights and animal welfare at the United
Nations".
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Schapper, A.; Bliss, C. (2023). "Transforming our world? Strengthening animal rights and animal welfare at the United
Nations".
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23 April 2008: Global responsibilities for animal welfare: BVA President calls on the veterinary community to sign up to UDAW
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271:(1851–1939) for writing the first book on animal rights, published in 1892 and subsequently. And Salt traces efforts back to
46:
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In 2003 in the
Philippines, the Manila Conference on Animal Welfare was attended by 19 government delegations with the
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Animal Welfare Matters to Animals, People and the Environment: The case for a Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
82:
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279:(T N Longman: London), that we have to care for animals and common law should support this principle in practice
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275:(1753–1839), one of the earliest modern writers on animal rights and welfare. Lawrence argued in his 1796 book,
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including Cambodia, Fiji, Latvia, Lithuania, New Zealand, Poland, Slovenia, Tanzania and the United Kingdom.
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All appropriate steps shall be taken by states to prevent cruelty to animals and to reduce their suffering.
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Recognition that animals are living, sentient beings and therefore deserve due consideration and respect
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247:(2003) and the Costa Rica draft (2005) which incorporated suggestions made by the Steering Committee.
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740:'WSAVA Member Association Updates: BVA and VPAT sign Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare (UDAW)'
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Recognition that the provisions contained in this declaration do not affect the rights of any state
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A Philosophical and Practical Treatise on Horses and the Moral Duties of Man Towards Brute Creation
268:
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It has been argued that a UDAW is consistent with, and could help secure the achievement of, the
3717:
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2713:
2059:
727:
286:, 17 October) in 1978 at the United Nation's Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (
703:
Commonwealth Veterinary Association (CVA) adopts Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare (UDAW)
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456:"Rights of Human and Nonhuman Animals: Complementing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
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1984:
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232:
186:
498:
White, S. (2013). "Into the Void: International Law and the Protection of Animal Welfare".
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2009:
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1959:
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1989:
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1318:
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1021:
342:
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The UDAW was conceived in 2000 by a group of animal welfare organizations including
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by the Select Committee on Animals In Scientific Procedures, accessed 5 August 2008
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24:
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2442:
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2175:
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1969:
1939:
1273:
1263:
1156:
865:"Sustainable Development Goals .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform"
630:
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446:
400:
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as defined on the Farm Animal Welfare Council website, accessed 5 August 2008
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3569:
3165:
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2412:
2387:
2275:
2054:
1999:
1651:
1451:
1358:
1338:
1313:
1248:
511:
387:, becoming the official one millionth signatory and hosting celebrations in
325:
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as observers. A foundation text with core principles for a UDAW was agreed.
838:
133:, to prevent cruelty and reduce suffering, and to promote standards on the
2350:
1268:
1218:
371:
225:
221:
643:
28/7/08 - Fiji to support Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare (UDAW)
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455:
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1534:
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520:
936:
370:, companion animals, animals in scientific research, draught animals,
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Letter of support for UDAW from Federation of Veterinarians of Europe
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190:
851:
205:
2976:
990:
3203:
2813:
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909:"United Nations Declaration on Animal Welfare: Why not rights?"
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on World Veterinary Association website, accessed 5 August 2008
129:) is a proposed inter-governmental agreement to recognise that
18:
957:
Chapter 7: The Three R's: Alternatives to animal experiments
213:
330:
Recognition of the importance of the ongoing work of the
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University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
652:
on Fiji Government Online Portal, accessed 5 August 2008
970:"Costa Rica makes animal welfare a presidential matter"
172:
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
145:
It is proposed that the declaration be adopted by the
16:
Proposed inter-governmental agreement on animal rights
3231:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
779:"Animal welfare - Food Safety - European Commission"
3798:
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3635:
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3449:
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1402:
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1119:
1043:
675:, Issue 79, 1 November 2007, accessed 5 August 2008
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1091:List of international animal welfare conventions
3383:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
596:Back a Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
231:In April 2008, Eric Martlew MP put forward an
1006:
883:"It's official: animals matter in Costa Rica"
483:"The Universal Declaration of Animal Welfare"
140:UN Convention on Animal Health and Protection
8:
1096:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
854:on Re-public website, accessed 5 August 2008
612:HSI Supports "Animals Matter to Me" Campaign
3058:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
3002:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
1034:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
3632:
3211:
3200:
2831:
2824:
2810:
2367:
1814:
1805:
1791:
1291:
1040:
1029:
1013:
999:
991:
228:have all given public backing for a UDAW.
3205:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
3142:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
621:from HSUS website, accessed 5 August 2008
519:
471:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
58:"Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare"
3263:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
1520:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1111:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
550:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
542:
352:The principles of the declaration are:
123:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
1188:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
823:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
816:
730:on BVA website, accessed 5 August 2008
705:on BVA website, accessed 5 August 2008
528:Appleby, M.C. and Sherwood, L. (2007)
237:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
3860:Animal welfare and rights legislation
3399:Political Animals and Animal Politics
2987:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
2912:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
1324:Concentrated animal feeding operation
1101:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
1056:Animal rights by country or territory
460:American Journal of International Law
406:Animal rights by country or territory
176:International Fund for Animal Welfare
151:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7:
3130:Animalist Party with the Environment
1417:Animal testing on non-human primates
332:World Organization for Animal Health
302:Overview of the proposed declaration
202:World Organisation for Animal Health
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3554:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
1764:World Day for the End of Speciesism
374:animals, and animals in recreation.
180:Humane Society of the United States
3679:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
3022:United Activists for Animal Rights
2932:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
1071:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
14:
3223:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
3183:Animal Rights National Conference
3106:Animal Protection Party of Canada
3063:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
2917:Chinese Animal Protection Network
2842:American Anti-Vivisection Society
2321:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
1076:Animal rights in Indian religions
1066:Animal rights and punk subculture
3830:
3829:
3391:Animal Rights Without Liberation
3042:Voice for Animals Humane Society
1774:World Day for the End of Fishing
1769:World Day for Laboratory Animals
1199:Equal consideration of interests
149:. If endorsed by the UN (as the
23:
3112:Animal Justice Party of Finland
2997:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
2211:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
1799:(academics, writers, activists)
1692:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
421:List of animal rights advocates
252:UN Millennium Development Goals
34:needs additional citations for
3335:Animals, Property, and the Law
1412:Alternatives to animal testing
1081:Christianity and animal rights
1:
2972:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
1682:Cambridge University primates
1214:Ethics of uncertain sentience
869:sustainabledevelopment.un.org
256:Sustainable Development Goals
3032:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
1182:Argument from marginal cases
972:. 2012-04-21. Archived from
885:. 2014-01-10. Archived from
662:'Animal welfare and the OIE’
3319:Morals, Reason, and Animals
2947:Farm Animal Rights Movement
2897:Anonymous for the Voiceless
1586:International primate trade
1061:Anarchism and animal rights
955:For definition, see 7.1 of
852:Article by Sir David Madden
310:The declaration calls for:
3886:
3439:Making a Stand for Animals
3311:The Case for Animal Rights
2962:Hunt Saboteurs Association
2922:Cruelty Free International
2892:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
1422:Animal testing regulations
907:emmalarking (2013-04-19).
3825:
3594:The Ghosts in Our Machine
3431:Animal Ethics in the Wild
3210:
3199:
2867:Animal Legal Defense Fund
2823:
2809:
2166:William Hamilton Drummond
1804:
1790:
1525:Welfare of farmed insects
1152:Animal–industrial complex
1039:
1028:
686:"accessed 2 October 2014"
583:10.1177/00471178231193299
447:10.1177/00471178231193299
416:Declaration on Great Apes
3672:Journal of Animal Ethics
3538:Your Mommy Kills Animals
2927:Direct Action Everywhere
2336:Johann Heinrich Winckler
2281:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
1738:Direct Action Everywhere
1442:Huntingdon Life Sciences
1427:Labcorp Drug Development
1384:Feedback (pork industry)
1349:Intensive animal farming
1086:History of animal rights
942:October 5, 2013, at the
602:. Accessed 26 June 2014.
3807:Holocaust on your Plate
3578:An Apology to Elephants
3359:Do Animals Have Rights?
3295:Animals, Men and Morals
3271:Better-World Philosophy
3148:Italian Animalist Party
3027:United Poultry Concerns
2982:Last Chance for Animals
2877:Animal Liberation Front
2764:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
1254:Replaceability argument
1172:Animal-free agriculture
600:World Animal Protection
571:International Relations
512:10.1111/1758-5899.12076
435:International Relations
168:World Animal Protection
3780:Salvation of Innocents
3327:Zoos and Animal Rights
2902:Beauty Without Cruelty
2862:Animal Justice Project
2201:John Zephaniah Holwell
1855:Stephen St. C. Bostock
1432:Great ape research ban
1051:Animal rights movement
768:accessed 5 August 2008
717:accessed 5 August 2008
633:accessed 5 August 2008
3799:Fairs and exhibitions
3686:The Animals' Defender
3658:Cahiers antispécistes
3586:Speciesism: The Movie
3407:Animal (De)liberation
3367:Striking at the Roots
3279:The Universal Kinship
3239:The Rights of Animals
3160:People Animals Nature
3154:Party for the Animals
2967:In Defense of Animals
2729:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
2121:David Renaud Boullier
1707:Silver Spring monkeys
1606:Wild animal suffering
1515:Pain in invertebrates
1354:Intensive pig farming
1244:Opposition to hunting
1209:Ethics of eating meat
262:Historical background
254:. and the subsequent
3415:Sentientist Politics
3343:The Lives of Animals
3094:Animal Justice Party
2907:Born Free Foundation
2744:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
2618:Wendy Turner-Webster
2331:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
1553:Recreational fishing
1394:Ventilation shutdown
1162:Animal protectionism
1142:Animal consciousness
673:Biosecurity Magazine
481:Miah Gibson (2014).
389:San José, Costa Rica
189:, United States and
131:animals are sentient
43:improve this article
3839:( 139 )
3665:Etica & Animali
3651:Between the Species
3375:An American Trilogy
3068:Humanitarian League
2679:Frances Power Cobbe
2296:Arthur Schopenhauer
2291:Henry Stephens Salt
2171:Edward Payson Evans
1865:Stephen R. L. Clark
1722:War of the currents
1611:Wildlife management
1505:Pain in crustaceans
1500:Pain in cephalopods
473:10.1017/aju.2018.84
341:Awareness that the
269:Henry Stephens Salt
3602:Unlocking the Cage
3423:Wild Animal Ethics
3247:The Ethics of Diet
3124:Animalist Movement
3100:Animal Politics EU
3012:Sentience Politics
2638:That Vegan Teacher
2256:Siobhan O'Sullivan
2241:José Ferrater Mora
2050:Steve F. Sapontzis
1543:Commercial fishing
1495:Pain in amphibians
1485:Cruelty to animals
1457:Operation Backfire
1296:Animal agriculture
1204:Emotion in animals
764:2009-06-18 at the
745:2008-08-02 at the
667:2008-10-16 at the
648:2009-09-15 at the
617:2008-10-10 at the
555:2009-07-05 at the
454:Peters A. (2018).
135:welfare of animals
3865:Proposed treaties
3847:
3846:
3840:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3788:Onward to Freedom
3756:Animal Liberation
3741:
3740:
3562:Forks Over Knives
3514:Peaceable Kingdom
3474:Shores of Silence
3466:A Cow at My Table
3351:Eternal Treblinka
3303:Animal Liberation
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3082:
3081:
3017:Uncaged Campaigns
2992:Mercy for Animals
2957:Great Ape Project
2872:Animal Liberation
2818:(groups, parties)
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2704:Elizabeth Farians
2613:Christine Townend
2553:Heather Nicholson
2483:Brigitte Gothière
2473:Antoine Goetschel
2359:
2358:
2020:Charles Patterson
1925:Gary L. Francione
1900:Josephine Donovan
1890:Daniel Dombrowski
1870:Alasdair Cochrane
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1665:
1664:
1596:Predation problem
1480:Animal euthanasia
1389:Foam depopulation
1224:Insects in ethics
937:The Five Freedoms
487:Deakin Law Review
317:Recognition that
200:In May 2007, the
158:and initiatives.
119:
118:
111:
93:
3877:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3644:Animal Sentience
3633:
3498:Legally Blonde 2
3458:The Animals Film
3212:
3201:
3007:Rise for Animals
2832:
2825:
2811:
2674:Edith Carrington
2578:Craig Rosebraugh
2543:Virginia McKenna
2533:Jo-Anne McArthur
2463:Juliet Gellatley
2368:
2326:Mary Anne Warren
2266:Humphrey Primatt
2251:Edward Nicholson
2221:Charles R. Magel
2186:Thomas G. Gentry
2045:Richard D. Ryder
1985:Thomas Lepeltier
1815:
1806:
1792:
1759:World Animal Day
1717:Unnecessary Fuss
1677:Brown Dog affair
1647:Animals in sport
1637:Animal slaughter
1632:Animal sacrifice
1571:Culling wildlife
1374:Wildlife farming
1292:
1137:Animal cognition
1106:Total liberation
1041:
1030:
1015:
1008:
1001:
992:
985:
984:
982:
981:
966:
960:
953:
947:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
915:. Archived from
913:Regarding Rights
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
879:
873:
872:
861:
855:
849:
843:
835:
829:
828:
822:
814:
812:
811:
802:. Archived from
796:
790:
789:
783:
775:
769:
759:Text of EDM 1467
756:
750:
737:
731:
724:
718:
712:
706:
699:
693:
692:
690:
682:
676:
659:
653:
640:
634:
628:
622:
609:
603:
593:
587:
586:
566:
560:
547:
525:
523:
494:
477:
475:
450:
360:the Declaration.
233:early day motion
187:European Council
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3870:Animal treaties
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3813:
3794:
3737:
3718:Muutoksen kevät
3691:
3624:
3530:Behind the Mask
3445:
3255:Animals' Rights
3206:
3187:
3171:
3078:
3046:
2819:
2793:
2654:Cleveland Amory
2642:
2608:Darren Thurston
2603:Marianne Thieme
2458:Bruce Friedrich
2423:Joey Carbstrong
2408:Brigitte Bardot
2355:
2346:Jon Wynne-Tyson
2236:J. Howard Moore
2181:John Galsworthy
2161:Wilhelm Dietler
2104:
2100:Corey Lee Wrenn
2010:Martha Nussbaum
1920:Lawrence Finsen
1860:Paola Cavalieri
1835:Kristin Andrews
1810:
1800:
1778:
1747:
1726:
1661:
1615:
1557:
1529:
1490:Pain in animals
1466:
1398:
1364:Poultry farming
1283:
1115:
1035:
1024:
1019:
989:
988:
979:
977:
968:
967:
963:
954:
950:
944:Wayback Machine
935:
931:
922:
920:
906:
905:
901:
892:
890:
881:
880:
876:
863:
862:
858:
850:
846:
836:
832:
815:
809:
807:
800:"Archived copy"
798:
797:
793:
781:
777:
776:
772:
766:Wayback Machine
757:
753:
747:Wayback Machine
738:
734:
725:
721:
713:
709:
700:
696:
688:
684:
683:
679:
669:Wayback Machine
660:
656:
650:Wayback Machine
641:
637:
629:
625:
619:Wayback Machine
610:
606:
594:
590:
568:
567:
563:
557:Wayback Machine
548:
544:
539:
532:, London: WSPA.
497:
480:
453:
432:
429:
427:Further reading
397:
381:
379:Public campaign
304:
264:
178:(IFAW) and the
164:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3883:
3881:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3637:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3490:Meet Your Meat
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3291:
3287:The New Ethics
3283:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3218:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3118:Animals' Party
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2887:AnimaNaturalis
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Animal Justice
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2789:Gretchen Wyler
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2719:Lewis Gompertz
2716:
2711:
2709:Emarel Freshel
2706:
2701:
2699:Muriel Dowding
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2633:Gary Yourofsky
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Ingrid Newkirk
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Charlotte Laws
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2418:Yves Bonnardel
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:Martin Balluch
2390:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2341:Steven M. Wise
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2286:Bernard Rollin
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Leonard Nelson
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2151:Herman Daggett
2148:
2143:
2141:Priscilla Cohn
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:Jeremy Bentham
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2030:Jessica Pierce
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Kyle Johannsen
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1885:David DeGrazia
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1825:Carol J. Adams
1821:
1819:
1812:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:Pit of despair
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1627:Abandoned pets
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1472:Animal welfare
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Model organism
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1404:Animal testing
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1379:Working animal
1376:
1371:
1369:Slaughterhouse
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1344:Insect farming
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Animal product
1300:
1298:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1259:Sentiocentrism
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1167:Animal welfare
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
995:
987:
986:
961:
948:
929:
899:
874:
856:
844:
830:
791:
770:
751:
732:
719:
707:
694:
677:
654:
635:
623:
604:
588:
577:(3): 514–537.
561:
541:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
526:
506:(4): 391–398.
495:
478:
451:
441:(3): 514–537.
428:
425:
424:
423:
418:
413:
411:Animal welfare
408:
403:
396:
393:
380:
377:
376:
375:
364:
361:
357:
350:
349:
346:
339:
335:
328:
322:
319:animal welfare
315:
303:
300:
263:
260:
163:
160:
147:United Nations
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3882:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3836:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:Tame Yourself
3761:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3725:No Compromise
3722:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:(3rd century)
3225:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3198:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3156:(Netherlands)
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Animal Rising
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Animal Ethics
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:Jessie Mackay
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:James Granger
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:Henry B. Amos
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Louise Wallis
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Kim Stallwood
2591:
2589:
2588:Jasmin Singer
2586:
2584:
2583:Nathan Runkle
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:David Olivier
2566:
2564:
2561:
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60: –
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32:This article
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3074:Oxford Group
2942:Every Animal
2835:Contemporary
2784:Andrew Tyler
2774:Nell Shipman
2714:André Géraud
2623:Jerry Vlasak
2598:Lynda Stoner
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2311:Thomas Tryon
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2015:Clare Palmer
2005:David Nibert
1995:Clair Linzey
1905:Joan Dunayer
1830:Aysha Akhtar
1818:Contemporary
1687:McLibel case
1642:Animal trial
1601:Seal hunting
1563:Wild animals
1548:Fishing bait
1510:Pain in fish
1329:Fish farming
1309:Battery cage
1229:Meat paradox
1186:
1127:Abolitionism
1110:
978:. Retrieved
974:the original
964:
951:
932:
921:. Retrieved
917:the original
912:
902:
891:. Retrieved
887:the original
877:
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839:
837:See No.6 of
833:
808:. Retrieved
804:the original
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99:October 2021
96:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
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1334:Fur farming
1239:Open rescue
1234:Nonviolence
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466:: 355–360.
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1274:Vegaphobia
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923:2019-11-01
893:2019-11-01
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537:References
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940:Archived
819:cite web
762:Archived
743:Archived
665:Archived
646:Archived
615:Archived
553:Archived
395:See also
372:wildlife
226:Colombia
222:Thailand
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3132:(Spain)
3126:(Italy)
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1581:Hunting
1535:Fishing
1194:Carnism
235:in the
162:History
83:scholar
3837:
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3549:(2009)
3541:(2007)
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3525:(2005)
3517:(2004)
3509:(2003)
3501:(2003)
3493:(2002)
3485:(2000)
3477:(2000)
3469:(1998)
3461:(1981)
3442:(2022)
3434:(2022)
3426:(2020)
3418:(2018)
3410:(2016)
3402:(2014)
3394:(2012)
3386:(2010)
3378:(2009)
3370:(2008)
3362:(2005)
3354:(2001)
3346:(1999)
3338:(1995)
3330:(1993)
3322:(1987)
3314:(1983)
3306:(1975)
3298:(1971)
3290:(1907)
3282:(1906)
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3266:(1897)
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3234:(1824)
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288:UNESCO
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726:See
701:See
224:and
127:UDAW
121:The
62:news
671:in
579:doi
516:hdl
508:doi
468:doi
464:112
443:doi
45:by
3856::
911:.
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817:{{
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