324:
32:
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176:
442:. Chartered institutions – those incorporated by royal charter – differ from those established by other means in terms of their powers as a corporation, their legal relationship with the government, and the status of their members. Although university charters are issued as royal charters under the
143:. Through the 13th century, most university foundations continued to be organic, often by migrations of scholars from other universities, but by the start of the 14th century either a papal bull or an imperial charter was considered necessary.
533:(previously part of the University of London and chartered in 1907) in 2007. Both new and supplemental charters have both been used to effect the merger of institutions to form a new university, such as the new charter granted to the
397:
510:
received four charters between 1836 (its founding charter) and 1863 but has been governed under an Act of
Parliament since 1900. Durham and London are thus both statutory and chartered corporations.
542:
109:– arose organically from concentrations of schools in those cities rather than being created by charters. The first university charters were issued in Europe in the 13th century, with the
514:
was separated from Durham and established as an independent university by an Act of
Parliament in 1963 and is the only university established before 1992 to be a purely statutory corporation.
476:
or conferred this status upon it. Oxford and
Cambridge were formally incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1571 and are civil, rather than chartered, corporations. Three of the
827:
42:
20:
146:
Papal letters and bulls to create universities fell into four categories: Firstly, the creation of a new university where no school had existed before (e.g.
496:
was founded by the town corporation under authority granted to it by a royal charter. All four ancient
Scottish universities are now governed under the
497:
550:
346:
518:
387:
1038:
588:
197:
521:. However, supplemental charters have been used to confer university status on institutions that already had a royal charter, such as
973:
University of London, the
Historical Record: (1836–1912) Being a Supplement to the Calendar, Completed to September 1912. First Issue
1000:
955:
928:
870:
714:
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538:
267:
76:
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for institutions based in
Scotland) of draft charters that establish "any institution in the nature of a college or university".
451:
392:
328:
248:
721:
607:
220:
592:
201:
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was established by an act of
Parliament in 1832 and was later incorporated and confirmed by a royal charter in 1837. The
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147:
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in 1347–48); secondly the refoundation of a university that had vanished or substantially declined (e.g.
124:
710:
in the United States when
President James Madison signed the university's charter into law on March 1, 1815.
732:
Other universities are chartered by state or territorial legislatures. Before the
American Revolution, the
530:
493:
468:
developed organically prior to the use of charters to establish universities, although
Cambridge received a
465:
159:
151:
54:
489:
284:
of the relevant provincial legislature (e.g. York University Act). Some older universities, including the
132:
128:
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336:
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98:
414:
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Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800".
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Since 1992, almost all new universities have been promoted to that status by orders under the
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issued by an authority to create or recognize a university. The earliest universities –
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707:
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in 1379); thirdly the apparent creation of a new university where one already existed (e.g.
119:
140:
921:
Law as Profession and Practice in Medieval Europe: Essays in Honor of James A. Brundage
1118:
1016:
1143:
886:
786:
435:
293:
800:
Alan B. Cobban (1964). "Edward II, Pope John XXII and the University of Cambridge".
364:
813:
971:
131:
but the status of that institution is doubtful. The first papal creation was the
570:
175:
947:
Universities in the Age of Reform, 1800–1870: Durham, London and King's College
117:
in 1224, being widely considered the first deliberately-created university (or
831:
469:
136:
1104:
698:
are congressionally chartered universities, due to their location within the
424:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
341:
An Act to amend the Law respecting the granting of Charters in certain cases.
281:
1082:
724:
are not chartered as they are agencies of the federal government itself.
778:
595: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
280:
Most Canadian universities derive their degree-granting authority from
158:
in 1289); and finally the confirmation of an existing university (e.g.
94:
379:
770:
398:
Scotland Act 1998 (Consequential Modifications) (No. 2) Order 1999
564:
169:
25:
543:
University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
987:
Dennis Farrington; David Palfreyman, eds. (22 March 2012).
549:(chartered 1828 as St David's College) in 2010 to form the
919:. In Kenneth Pennington; Melodie Harris Eichbauer (eds.).
434:
Most universities founded prior to 1992 were created by
50:
857:
Dennis Farrington; David Palfreyman (22 March 2012).
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413:
406:
378:
373:
363:
358:
345:
335:
309:
976:. University of London Press. 1912. pp. 7–24.
706:was the first federally chartered institution of
1119:"Key Facts, Public Documents, and Right to Know"
736:were chartered by British colonial authorities.
717:was chartered by the federal congress in 1986.
21:University Charter School (Lemoore, California)
545:, and the supplemental charter granted to the
472:in 1318 that either confirmed its status as a
438:, although a small number were established by
995:. Oxford University Press. pp. 383–387.
989:"Appendix 2: Legal status of HEIs in England"
865:. Oxford University Press. pp. 355–357.
39:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
16:Document to create or recognize a university
204:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
722:United States service (military) academies
306:
1085:. University of Wales Trinity Saint David
655:Learn how and when to remove this message
492:) were established by papal bulls, while
268:Learn how and when to remove this message
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For the middle school in California, see
852:
850:
848:
828:"Further and higher education—overview"
745:
551:University of Wales Trinity Saint David
127:issued a charter in 1208 to create the
519:Further and Higher Education Act 1992
415:Text of statute as originally enacted
388:Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act 1893
7:
802:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
593:adding citations to reliable sources
450:c. 63) provides for scrutiny by the
422:Text of the College Charter Act 1871
202:adding citations to reliable sources
529:and chartered in 1884) in 2004 and
14:
1123:Institute of American Indian Arts
715:Institute of American Indian Arts
539:Victoria University of Manchester
911:Patrick Zutshi (15 April 2016).
569:
478:ancient universities of Scotland
452:Parliament of the United Kingdom
446:, the College Charter Act 1871 (
393:Universities (Scotland) Act 1966
329:Parliament of the United Kingdom
322:
292:, derive their authority from a
174:
30:
944:Matthew Andrews (1 June 2018).
923:. Routledge. pp. 162–163.
859:"The significance of a Charter"
580:needs additional citations for
1:
913:"When did Cambridge become a
547:University of Wales, Lampeter
537:in 2004 on the merger of the
696:George Washington University
498:Universities (Scotland) Acts
1105:"Charter of the University"
1017:"History of the University"
993:The Law of Higher Education
863:The Law of Higher Education
53:, discuss the issue on the
1176:
1063:. University of Manchester
887:"College Charter Act 1871"
671:
555:Trinity College Carmarthen
304:United Kingdom legislation
113:, created by a charter of
18:
1041:. Imperial College London
950:. Springer. p. 100.
755:Sociological Perspectives
321:
316:
535:University of Manchester
525:(previously part of the
311:College Charter Act 1871
125:Alfonso VIII of Castille
531:Imperial College London
1083:"History and Timeline"
1039:"Charter and Statutes"
678:In the United States,
133:University of Toulouse
129:University of Palencia
704:Georgetown University
700:U.S. federal district
688:Georgetown University
674:Congressional charter
454:(or, since 1999, the
286:University of Toronto
1150:Government documents
1019:. Cardiff University
684:Gallaudet University
604:"University charter"
589:improve this article
512:Newcastle University
508:University of London
217:"University charter"
198:improve this section
115:Emperor Frederick II
111:University of Naples
59:create a new article
51:improve this article
41:may not represent a
680:American University
527:University of Wales
456:Scottish Parliament
891:Legislation.gov.uk
814:community.28211819
523:Cardiff University
440:acts of Parliament
426:legislation.gov.uk
91:university charter
1061:"Our foundations"
763:SAGE Publications
734:colonial colleges
692:Howard University
665:
664:
657:
639:
504:Durham University
448:34 & 35 Vict.
444:royal prerogative
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374:Other legislation
352:34 & 35 Vict.
317:Act of Parliament
290:McGill University
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61:, as appropriate.
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141:Pope Gregory IX
135:in 1229, via a
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5:
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808:(1): 70, 75.
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606: –
605:
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600:Find sources:
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584:
583:
578:This section
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566:
561:United States
560:
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183:This section
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1126:. Retrieved
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1087:. Retrieved
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1065:. Retrieved
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1021:. Retrieved
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894:. Retrieved
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645:January 2023
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587:Please help
582:verification
579:
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369:31 July 1871
365:Royal assent
279:
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258:January 2023
255:
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196:Please help
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118:
90:
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67:January 2023
64:
40:
1128:10 February
380:Repealed by
156:Montpellier
1144:Categories
832:LexisNexis
740:References
672:See also:
615:newspapers
482:St Andrews
470:papal bull
337:Long title
228:newspapers
162:in 1255).
137:papal bull
787:143493887
765:: 49–50.
494:Edinburgh
466:Cambridge
185:does not
160:Salamanca
152:Perpignan
55:talk page
1089:13 March
1067:13 March
896:12 March
541:and the
490:Aberdeen
347:Citation
123:); King
49:You may
1045:8 March
1023:8 March
837:8 March
779:1389441
668:Federal
629:scholar
486:Glasgow
242:scholar
206:removed
191:sources
99:Bologna
95:charter
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462:Oxford
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166:Canada
148:Prague
107:Oxford
810:JSTOR
783:S2CID
775:JSTOR
761:(1).
728:State
636:JSTOR
622:books
359:Dates
354:c. 63
249:JSTOR
235:books
103:Paris
93:is a
57:, or
1130:2023
1091:2021
1069:2021
1047:2021
1025:2021
997:ISBN
952:ISBN
925:ISBN
898:2021
867:ISBN
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720:The
713:The
608:news
488:and
464:and
288:and
282:acts
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189:any
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