151:
Mysore Census
Reports of early 20th century noted about Upparas as follows: "This caste is divided into the Telugu and Karnataka sub-divisions. The latter make earth-salt, while the former work as bricklayers and builders. The well-to-do section of the caste further undertake public works on
166:
When private manufacture of salt was forbidden during the
British rule, the people of the community turned to other occupations. Losing their caste-based occupation as salt makers, they tuned to tank-digging, stonecutting, and
231:"Specification of OBCs in respect of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh (No. 12011/68/1993-BCC)""
152:
contract, and some of them are good architects of ordinary Hindu houses, which do not call for much scientific precision. There are also agriculturists and labourers among them."
271:
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in its report in 1968 made certain observations and recommendations regarding the Uppara community. Some of the points mentioned in the report are as follows:
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148:, the most important occupation of the Telugu Upparas at the beginning of the nineteenth century was building of mud walls, especially those of forts.
530:
482:
435:
408:
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332:"Inclusion/Amendment in the Central Lists of OBCs in respect of the State of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. (No. 12011/04/2014-BC-II)"
560:
565:
550:
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120:, tank-diggers, and earth-workers. In the past, their occupation also involved the extraction of salt from rocks, known in
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145:
194:. They also worship various village deities, which vary according to the place of residence. Upparas celebrate
525:
390:
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451:
425:
272:"Caste, Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh: Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories"
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Report (1990) indicates that the Uppara make up about 1.18 percent of the population of
Karnataka.
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456:. Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1993. p. 171.
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and stone-work. In the recent decades, Upparas have started calling themselves as
Sagaras.
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121:
376:
A Crusade for Social
Justice: P.S.Krishnan : Bending Governence Towards The Deprived
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300:
94:
62:
514:
304:
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noted in 1998 that
Upparas have abandoned salt-making and are primarily involved in
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503:. Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum. 1971. p. 162.
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240:(in Hindi and English). Department of Publication: 38. 13 September 1993.
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341:(in Hindi and English). Department of Publication: 13. 11 August 2016.
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Reprint. Originally published: Madras : Supt. Govt. Press, 1909
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as uppu and hence, they came to be called
Upparas. Occupationally,
129:
52:
396:
Gold
Nuggets: Selected Post-independence Telugu Short Stories
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The one-man
Anantha Raman commission constituted by the
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Upparas were previously engaged in manufacturing salt.
58:
48:
38:
28:
23:
93:caste predominantly found in the Indian states of
430:. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1847.
500:Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India
453:Karnataka State Gazetteer: Bangalore District
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136:are considered the equivalents of Upparas.
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116:Traditionally, Upparas are involved as
379:. South Vision Books. pp. 55, 56.
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198:Jayanti on Ganga Saptami every year.
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311:. Vol. 7. pp. 228 to 241.
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556:Other Backward Classes of Karnataka
373:Devi, Dr V. Vasanthi (3 May 2021).
339:The Gazette of India: Extraordinary
309:Castes and Tribes of Southern India
238:The Gazette of India: Extraordinary
14:
393:; Vijayasree, Changanti (2004).
274:. Overseas Development Institute
531:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh
475:Anthropological Survey of India
427:People of India: Andhra Pradesh
186:Some members of the caste are
1:
157:Government of Andhra Pradesh
109:. They are classified as an
541:Social groups of Tamil Nadu
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546:Social groups of Telangana
536:Social groups of Karnataka
16:Hindu caste of South India
146:Francis Buchanan-Hamilton
561:South Indian communities
391:Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju
566:Ethnic groups in India
551:Other Backward Classes
477:. pp. 3539–3541.
467:Singh, K. S. (1998).
424:Singh, K. S. (1992).
111:Other Backward Class
470:India's Communities
172:Kumar Suresh Singh
484:978-0-19-563354-2
437:978-81-7671-006-0
410:978-81-260-1930-4
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403:. p. 470.
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307:"'Uppara'".
276:. Retrieved
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202:Demographics
188:Vaishnavites
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167:agriculture.
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118:stonecutters
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278:27 December
190:and others
134:North India
515:Categories
214:References
196:Bhagiratha
107:Tamil Nadu
75:Tamil Nadu
347:0254-6779
246:0254-6779
103:Karnataka
99:Telangana
71:Karnataka
67:Telangana
39:Religions
317:11676577
192:Saivites
43:Hinduism
355:1752771
254:1752771
182:Culture
176:masonry
140:History
126:Kannada
89:, is a
49:Country
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122:Telugu
105:, and
87:Sagara
83:Uppara
24:Uppara
335:(PDF)
234:(PDF)
130:Lonia
91:Hindu
53:India
479:ISBN
432:ISBN
405:ISBN
351:OCLC
343:ISSN
313:OCLC
280:2009
250:OCLC
242:ISSN
206:The
124:and
132:of
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