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enough, therefore the sovereignty of
Australia must be respected. The committee could only "expresses its deep regret" that the voluntary suspension of construction of the mine decline at Jabiluka has not taken place, and was "gravely concerned" about the serious impacts to the living cultural values of the park. Following action by the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation,
130:(ERA) pays 4.25% of its gross sales revenue plus an annual rental of $ 200,000 for the use of the land and Ranger has paid over $ 200 million in royalties since 1980. The money is paid to the Commonwealth Government and ultimately distributed to Northern Territory-based Aboriginal groups, including the Traditional Owners, under the terms of the Commonwealth's
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region claim that these benefits have not reached local communities of traditional land owners, who remain poorly resourced, under-employed, and economically disadvantaged. In contrast, official
Australian Government reports state that there have been many benefits brought to Aboriginal communities:
104:
Although exploration for uranium began in the Top End as early as 1944, the first uranium was found in Kakadu at
Coronation Hill in 1953 by a geologist from the Commonwealth Bureau of Mineral Research. More uranium was found in 1954 and 1956 and small scale mining began in the years between 1956 and
176:
In 1999, the UNESCO's World
Heritage Committee held their third extraordinary session "to decide whether to immediately inscribe Kakadu National Park on the List of World Heritage in Danger." The proposal was turned down by the large majority of the Committee who saw that the threat was not urgent
230:
There have been more than 150 leaks, spills and licence breaches at the Ranger uranium mine since it opened in 1981. In 2004, a number of mining workers in Kakadu became ill after potable water at the mine site became contaminated with process water. As of March 2009, the Ranger uranium mine is
262:
The proposed
Jabiluka mine has already generated $ 5.2 million in benefits for Aboriginal people. While no production-based royalties can be paid before production commences, it is expected that over its life, the Jabiluka mine will contribute a further $ 230 million to Aboriginal interests.
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Since agreement was reached with traditional owners in 1978, a total of $ 145.8 million in payments has been made to
Aboriginal interests, of which $ 1.9 million was in up front payments; $ 3.4 million was in rental payments and $ 140.5 million was in royalty equivalent payments.
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The United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) ruled against placing the World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park on its "in danger" list after accepting assurances the mine would neither harm its environment nor endanger sacred Aboriginal sites.
193:, an Aboriginal landowner, offered thousands of hectares of his land to the Federal Government on the condition that it be added to Kakadu National Park. The land is rich in undeveloped uranium deposits, which could be worth billions of dollars.
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leaking 100,000 litres per day of contaminated water into the ground beneath the Kakadu
National Park, according to a government appointed scientist. Energy Resources of Australia has been repeatedly warned about its management of the mine.
149:. Scepticism remains to this day over the fairness of this agreement. Some suggest that indigenous leaders were worn down by the negotiation process and compromised in order for it to be finished. Jabiluka was bought by
239:
The benefits to
Australia of uranium mining in Kakadu are mainly economic. Australia possesses 24% of the world's uranium deposits, and the potential to export this uranium would benefit the Australian economy.
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observed that many world heritage areas have mining and other extractive industries in or adjacent to them. Both the Ranger mine and the
Jabiluka mining lease predate the national park and world heritage area.
536:
In case of urgent need, the World Heritage Committee has the authority to make a new entry in the List of World Heritage in Danger at any time, without the consent of the State Party concerned, according to
218:
Concern at Kakadu is that mine tailings and contaminated water may impact Aboriginal water and food supplies, with health consequences for local indigenous groups. Chief Justice of the Northern Territory
153:(owners of the nearby Ranger mine) in 1991. Attempts to develop the mine later in the decade were halted by the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation through a combination of blockading and legal action.
74:
groups. This controversy is significant because it involves a number of important political issues in Australia: Native Title, the environment, and Federal-State-Territory relations.
120:, reached an agreement on mining, and in 1980 the Ranger Uranium Mine was completed on land owned by the Kakadu Land Trust. Technically the site of the Ranger mine and the adjacent
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62:, and is sold internationally, having a large effect on the Australian economy. The mining has been controversial, due to the widespread publicity regarding the potential
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312:
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Chapter 2 - Kakadu National Park - The Place and its People, Australian Government:Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (1998), available at
243:
From 2000 to 2005 nearly 50,000 metric tonnes of uranium oxide were exported from Australia to eleven different countries. This brought over A$ 2.1 billion to the
223:
disagrees, however, and has voiced that there would be no harm to the environment. Research and monitoring conducted since 1978 by the Australian Government's
181:, who had taken over the licence from ERA, cancelled the project in 2001 and rehabilitation of the site was completed in 2015. Mining at Ranger ended in 2021.
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area are not part of Kakadu National Park, but are completely surrounded by it, as they were specifically excluded when the park was established from 1981.
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for the Alligator Rivers Region has indicated that uranium mining at Ranger has not resulted in any harm to the environment of Kakadu National Park.
168:" because of uranium mining, but this tag was not applied after a subsequent analysis by the World Heritage Committee when the Environment Minister,
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1964. Much of this early ore was purchased by the British-American "Combined Development Agency" and the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
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Asia-Pacific Conservation fears for Australian park, BBC World News, Tuesday, 13 July 1999, Accessed 11 November 2008 from
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In the 1970s, many new deposits were discovered by aerial and ground surveys. After a series of studies and reports, the
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The United Nations voiced its official opinion the mine would not endanger the environment or traditional sites:
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Submission to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee on world heritage properties in Australia and Kakadu
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Murdoch, L. (29 May 2010). Owner wants uranium-rich land to be added to kakadu. Sydney Morning Herald.
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Kakadu victory: uranium miner backs down, The Green Left (1995), accessed 11 November 2008 from
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Lawrence, D. (2000). Kakadu: the making of a national park. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
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Lawrence, D. (2000). Kakadu: the making of a national park. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
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636:"Ranger Uranium Mine resumes production despite contaminated water incidents"
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369:"Australians campaign against nuclear power and uranium mining, 1974-1988"
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There have been at least 150 leaks, spills and licence breaches at the
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744:. : Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, 2000.
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Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission.
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to allow the construction of an underground uranium mine at
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/392944.stm
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Following a lengthy and exhausting negotiation process,
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Polluted water leaking into Kakadu from uranium mine
54:, possesses within its boundaries a number of large
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911:
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934:List of inquiries into uranium mining in Australia
486:Australia's Uranium Deposits and Prospective Mines
164:announced that they proposed to list the park as "
18:Uranium mining controversy in Kakadu National Park
752:Jabiluka: the battle to mine Australia's uranium
313:List of Australian inquiries into uranium mining
100:Ground view of the Ranger processing facilities.
58:deposits. The uranium is legally owned by the
800:
8:
1000:List of Nuclear-Free Future Award recipients
563:Third Extraordinary Session of the Committee
1068:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
70:, as well as because of objections by some
1063:Anti-nuclear movement in the United States
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793:
785:
623:http://www.greenleft.org.au/1995/181/12333
367:Schoolmeester, Kelly (30 September 2021).
318:List of Australian political controversies
780:ERA to boost uranium production at Kakadu
1136:Uranium mining in the Northern Territory
775:Time line of Uranium Mining in Australia
476:
474:
418:
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924:List of countries by uranium production
359:
662:
660:
929:List of countries by uranium reserves
668:"Australia's Uranium and Who Buys It"
577:"The Jabiluka Blockade - 22 years on"
141:leaders agreed in 1981 to terms with
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1095:The Navajo People and Uranium Mining
1090:History of the anti-nuclear movement
197:Controversy regarding uranium mining
1085:International Uranium Film Festival
704:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
699:"Wisdom Interviews - Jacqui Katona"
250:Opponents of uranium mining in the
92:History of uranium mining in Kakadu
1048:Nuclear power in the United States
674:. 11 November 2004. Archived from
308:Anti-nuclear movement in Australia
118:traditional Aboriginal land owners
25:
1131:Environmental issues in Australia
1043:Botanical prospecting for uranium
581:The Commons Social Change Library
516:The Commons Social Change Library
373:The Commons Social Change Library
575:Blair, Kirsten (10 March 2020).
323:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
290:
276:
697:Peter Thompson (3 April 2005).
132:Aboriginal Land Rights (NT) Act
77:Kakadu National Park is on the
1105:1974 Elliot Lake miners strike
1053:Church Rock uranium mill spill
1:
634:Anne Barker (13 April 2004).
433:Lawrence (2000), p 32, 51-52.
151:Energy Resources of Australia
128:Energy Resources of Australia
754:Melbourne: Text Publishing.
512:"Jabiluka Fight for Country"
1141:Environmental controversies
565:. Retrieved on 29 May 2007
453:"Australia's Uranium Mines"
402:Goldman Environmental Prize
328:Uranium mining in Australia
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1058:Sequoyah Fuels Corporation
1023:Uranium in the environment
333:Uranium in the environment
235:Benefits of uranium mining
672:World Nuclear Association
490:World Nuclear Association
457:World Nuclear Association
110:Commonwealth of Australia
1074:The Return of Navajo Boy
995:Floyd Red Crow Westerman
919:List of uranium projects
750:Grey, Anthony J. (1994)
544:21 February 2009 at the
407:19 February 2008 at the
162:World Heritage Committee
116:, which represented the
561:UNESCO (12 July 1999).
88:between 1981 and 2009.
64:danger of nuclear power
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1033:Uranium mining debate
1005:World Uranium Hearing
442:Lawrence (2000), p52.
338:World Uranium Hearing
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225:Supervising Scientist
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143:Pancontinental Mining
114:Northern Land Council
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60:Australian Government
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1146:Kakadu National Park
1080:Nuclear labor issues
837:Kakadu National Park
43:Kakadu National Park
1110:Yellowcake boomtown
86:Ranger Uranium Mine
79:World Heritage List
35:Ranger Uranium Mine
33:Aerial view of the
678:on 2 November 2019
492:. 27 December 2009
245:Australian economy
207:
205:The Jabiluka site.
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48:Northern Territory
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46:, located in the
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649:11 November
191:Jeffrey Lee
170:Robert Hill
1125:Categories
990:Sun Xiaodi
985:JoAnn Tall
943:Opposition
891:New Mexico
861:Kazakhstan
824:By country
710:17 January
550:Convention
496:29 January
463:29 January
354:References
139:Indigenous
72:Indigenous
1100:Hibakusha
965:Jim Green
832:Australia
682:9 January
189:In 2010,
179:Rio Tinto
166:in danger
156:In 1998,
134:of 1976.
52:Australia
1016:articles
881:Colorado
849:Bancroft
542:Archived
405:Archived
268:See also
147:Jabiluka
122:Jabiluka
112:and the
901:Wyoming
876:Arizona
866:Namibia
548:of the
56:uranium
1014:Other
844:Canada
758:
586:7 July
522:7 July
378:7 July
158:UNESCO
912:Lists
896:Utah
756:ISBN
712:2007
684:2009
651:2006
588:2023
524:2023
498:2010
465:2010
380:2023
66:and
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