130:
252:
572:
145:
115:
2023:
441:
518:
423:. A country may not nominate sites that have not been first included on its Tentative List. The two international bodies make recommendations to the World Heritage Committee for new designations. The Committee meets once a year to determine which nominated properties to add to the World Heritage List; sometimes it defers its decision or requests more information from the country that nominated the site. There are ten selection criteria â a site must meet at least one to be included on the list.
3055:
498:
3099:
1076:
33:
1048:
785:
1062:
708:, made up of diplomatic representatives of 21 countries, ignored UNESCO's assessment, based on studies of scientists, "that the reef was clearly in danger from climate change and so should be placed on the list." According to environmental protection groups, this "decision was a victory for cynical lobbying and Australia, as custodians of the world's biggest coral reef, was now on probation."
482:
101:, which was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972. Since then, 195 states have ratified the convention, making it one of the most widely recognised international agreements and the world's most popular cultural programme. To be considered, the properties must be under some form of state protection or conservation and be nominated by the host member country.
385:
mission with respect to World
Heritage consists of eight sub targets. These include encouraging the commitment of countries and local population to World Heritage conservation in various ways, providing emergency assistance for sites in danger, offering technical assistance and professional training, and supporting States Parties' public awareness-building activities.
129:
599:
The state of conservation for each site on the danger list is reviewed yearly; after this, the
Committee may request additional measures, delete the property from the list if the threats have ceased or consider deletion from both the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List. Only
640:
The first global assessment to quantitatively measure threats to
Natural World Heritage Sites found that 63% of sites have been damaged by increasing human pressures including encroaching roads, agriculture infrastructure and settlements over the last two decades. These activities endanger Natural
619:
The
Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was directly delisted in 2007, instead of first being put on the danger list, after the Omani government decided to reduce the protected area's size by 90%. The Dresden Elbe Valley was first placed on the danger list in 2006 when the World Heritage Committee decided that
552:
A request for a minor boundary change, one that does not have a significant impact on the extent of the property or affect its "outstanding universal value", is also evaluated by the advisory bodies before being sent to the committee. Such proposals can be rejected by either the advisory bodies or
595:
if conditions threaten the characteristics for which the landmark or area was inscribed on the World
Heritage List. Such problems may involve armed conflict and war, natural disasters, pollution, poaching, or uncontrolled urbanisation or human development. This danger list is intended to increase
384:
By assigning places as World
Heritage Sites, UNESCO wants to help preserve them for future generations. Its motivation is that "heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today" and that both cultural and natural heritage are "irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration". UNESCO's
57:
To be selected, a World
Heritage Site is nominated by their host country and determined by the international committee to be a unique landmark which is geographically and historically identifiable, having a special cultural or physical significance, and be under a system of legal protection. For
61:
A World
Heritage Site may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humanity, and serve as evidence of our intellectual history on the planet or it might be a place of great natural beauty. As of July 2024, a total of 1,223 World Heritage Sites (952 cultural, 231 natural and 40 mixed cultural and
388:
Being listed as a World
Heritage Site can positively affect the site, its environment, and interactions between them. A listed site gains international recognition and legal protection, and can obtain funds from among others the World Heritage Fund to facilitate its conservation under certain
548:
A country may request to extend or reduce the boundaries, modify the official name, or change the selection criteria of one of its already listed sites. Any proposal for a significant boundary change or to modify the site's selection criteria must be submitted as if it were a new nomination,
81:
The sites are intended for practical conservation for posterity, which otherwise would be subject to risk from human or animal trespassing, unmonitored, uncontrolled or unrestricted access, or threat from local administrative negligence. Sites are demarcated by UNESCO as protected zones. The
644:
The destruction of cultural assets and identity-establishing sites is one of the primary goals of modern asymmetrical warfare. Terrorists, rebels, and mercenary armies deliberately smash archaeological sites, sacred and secular monuments and loot libraries, archives and museums. The UN,
1367:
Allan, James R.; Kormos, Cyril; Jaeger, Tilman; Venter, Oscar; Bertzky, Bastian; Shi, Yichuan; MacKey, Brendan; Van Merm, Remco; Osipova, Elena; Watson, James E.M. (2018). "Gaps and opportunities for the World
Heritage Convention to contribute to global wilderness conservation".
672:
The UNESCO-administered project has attracted criticism. This was caused by perceived under-representation of heritage sites outside Europe, disputed decisions on site selection and adverse impact of mass tourism on sites unable to manage rapid growth in visitor numbers. A large
624:
would significantly alter the valley's landscape. In response, the Dresden City Council attempted to stop the bridge's construction. However, after several court decisions allowed the building of the bridge to proceed, the valley was removed from the World Heritage List in 2009.
431:
Until 2004, there were six sets of criteria for cultural heritage and four for natural heritage. In 2005, UNESCO modified these and now has one set of ten criteria. Nominated sites must be of "outstanding universal value" and must meet at least one of the ten criteria.
797:
states are classified as European, while Mexico and the Caribbean are classified as belonging to the Latin America and the Caribbean region. The UNESCO geographic regions also give greater emphasis on administrative, rather than geographic associations. Hence,
469:"To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change"
641:
World Heritage Sites and could compromise their unique values. Of the Natural World Heritage Sites that contain forest, 91% experienced some loss since 2000. Many of them are more threatened than previously thought and require immediate conservation action.
405:
in Tanzania. Additionally, the local population around a site may benefit from significantly increased tourism revenue. When there are significant interactions between people and the natural environment, these can be recognised as "cultural landscapes".
758:
have occasionally been intentionally destroyed. Chalcraft links this destruction to Libyan national authorities prioritizing World Heritage status over local sensibilities by limiting access to the sites without consulting with the local population.
539:"To contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation"
333:
191:
resulted in the excavation and recording of hundreds of sites, the recovery of thousands of objects, as well as the salvage and relocation to higher ground of several important temples. The most famous of these are the temple complexes of
98:
2418:
533:"To be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features"
2471:
1027:
1017:
536:"To be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals"
1023:
2313:
270:
The project cost US$ 80 million (equivalent to $ 295.83 million in 2023), about $ 40 million of which was collected from 50 countries. The project's success led to other safeguarding campaigns, such as saving
2048:
Venter, Oscar; Sanderson, Eric W.; Magrach, Ainhoa; Allan, James R.; Beher, Jutta; Jones, Kendall R.; Possingham, Hugh P.; Laurance, William F.; Wood, Peter; Fekete, BalĂĄzs M.; Levy, Marc A.; Watson, James E. M. (2016).
414:
A country must first identify its significant cultural and natural sites in a document known as the Tentative List. Next, it can place sites selected from that list into a Nomination File, which is evaluated by the
745:
Anthropologist Jasper Chalcraft said that World Heritage recognition often ignores contemporary local usage of certain sites. This leads to conflicts on the local level which can result in the site being damaged.
460:"To exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design"
2502:
692:
conservation efforts to be removed from a UNESCO report titled "World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate". The Australian government's actions, involving considerable expense for lobbying and visits for
1013:
2393:
251:
1019:
792:
The World Heritage Committee has divided the world into five geographic regions: Africa, Arab states, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Russia and the
2172:
1015:
596:
international awareness of the threats and to encourage counteractive measures. Threats to a site can be either proven imminent threats or potential dangers that could have adverse effects on a site.
770:
in world heritage inscription. A major chunk of all world heritage inscriptions are located in regions whose populations generally have lighter skin, including Europe, East Asia, and North America.
317:
conference in 1965 called for a "World Heritage Trust" to preserve "the world's superb natural and scenic areas and historic sites for the present and the future of the entire world citizenry". The
1014:
677:
has grown around the awards, because World Heritage listing can significantly increase tourism returns. Site listing bids are often lengthy and costly, putting poorer countries at a disadvantage.
1032:
2408:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1028:
54:
for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity".
1031:
1024:
2525:
1029:
571:
1034:
1033:
1030:
329:
providing the committee with an overview of each participating nation's implementation of the World Heritage Convention and a "snapshot" of current conditions at World Heritage properties.
2997:
1025:
2463:
2932:
2303:
1966:
188:
336:
was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972. The convention came into force on 17 December 1975. As of May 2023, it has been ratified by 195 states: 191
97:
The programme catalogues, names, and conserves sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common culture and heritage of humanity. The programme began with the
2270:
58:
example, World Heritage Sites might be ancient ruins or historical structures, buildings, cities, deserts, forests, islands, lakes, monuments, mountains or wilderness areas.
3084:
779:
472:"To be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance"
1782:
697:, were in response to their concern about the negative impact that an "at risk" label could have on tourism revenue at a previously designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
322:
1336:
2494:
466:"To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history"
200:. The campaign ended in 1980 and was considered a success. To thank countries which especially contributed to the campaign's success, Egypt donated four temples; the
2383:
3032:
3027:
2972:
861:
2243:
3037:
3022:
3002:
420:
318:
553:
the Committee if they judge it to be a significant change instead of a minor one. Proposals to change a site's official name are sent directly to the committee.
3007:
2982:
2977:
2967:
1274:
1036:
948:
919:
3012:
2992:
2742:
2176:
416:
288:
2925:
2338:
1345:
313:
was developed over a seven-year period (1965â1972). The United States initiated the idea of safeguarding places of high cultural or natural importance. A
1115:
341:
704:
had caused a further negative state of the corals and water quality. Again, the Australian government campaigned against this, and in July 2021, the
2614:
2533:
3044:
890:
75:
2140:
2959:
2918:
1193:
836:
2755:
2723:
2608:
71:
67:
2787:
1956:
463:"To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living, or which has disappeared"
144:
337:
3074:
1105:
613:
601:
566:
1933:
2571:
2280:
2109:
767:
664:
summed it up with the words: "Without the local community and without the local participants, that would be completely impossible".
802:, located in the South Atlantic, is part of the Europe and North America region because the British government nominated the site.
2173:"UNESCO Director-General calls for stronger cooperation for heritage protection at the Blue Shield International General Assembly"
731:
of catering to greatly increased visitor numbers after the recognition and preserving the original culture and local communities.
114:
3128:
3069:
1790:
592:
562:
3079:
3054:
1594:
1003:
91:
63:
1513:
1370:
1095:
1308:
805:
The table below includes a breakdown of the sites according to these regions and their classification as of July 2024:
3123:
2941:
1991:
Allan, James R.; Venter, Oscar; Maxwell, Sean; Bertzky, Bastian; Jones, Kendall; Shi, Yichuan; Watson, James E.M. (2017).
1110:
1100:
944:
915:
886:
735:
332:
Based on the draft convention that UNESCO had initiated, a single text was eventually agreed upon by all parties, and the
83:
2247:
1166:
The World Heritage Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria.
402:
1642:
1616:
742:, etc., meaning that a lot of the individuality of these sites has been removed to become more attractive to tourists.
3133:
646:
1282:
700:
In 2021, international scientists recommended UNESCO to put the Great Barrier Reef on the endangered list, as global
2870:
1552:
657:
are active in preventing such acts. "No strike lists" are also created to protect cultural assets from air strikes.
2529:
1825:
1786:
1701:"The World Heritage Convention â Brief History / Section "Linking the protection of cultural and natural heritage""
1700:
1671:
634:
205:
2761:
2051:"Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation"
1491:
325:
in Stockholm. Under the World Heritage Committee, signatory countries are required to produce and submit periodic
2675:
2413:
2360:
1903:
1434:
654:
637:) on the northern docks of the World Heritage site leading to the "irreversible loss of attributes" on the site.
621:
300:
187:
In 1960, the Director-General of UNESCO launched the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia. This
148:
A graph representing the number of UNESCO sites inscribed on the World Heritage List each year for each continent
37:
2328:
1877:
1726:
1331:
3143:
2811:
2661:
Steiner, et al (2011). Imbalance of World Heritage List: "Did the UNESCO Strategy Work?". University of Zurich.
2440:
1222:
705:
310:
229:
87:
2905:
1259:
2589:"Chapter 9 Decolonizing the Site: The Problems and Pragmatics of World Heritage in Italy, Libya and Tanzania"
3138:
2840:
1851:
1752:
517:
502:
486:
256:
94:, and advised by reviews of international panels of experts in natural or cultural history, and education.
2801:
2652:
Keough (2011). Heritage in Peril: A Critique of UNESCO's World Heritage Program. Global Studies Law Review.
2464:"Political ploys and an ocean jewel: what's behind the UN's 'in danger' warning for the Great Barrier Reef"
1465:
2211:
605:
530:"To contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance"
688:
In 2016, the Australian government was reported to have successfully lobbied for the World Heritage Site
2588:
2055:
2150:
1874:"Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary : first site ever to be deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List"
587:, had its boundaries extended in 2001 and 2003, and was included on the danger list from 2007 to 2010.
2064:
2007:
1379:
1180:
576:
2895:
712:
609:
398:
389:
conditions. UNESCO reckons the restorations of the following four sites among its success stories:
134:
1992:
497:
2729:
1403:
1053:
689:
349:
237:
193:
3098:
1075:
1993:"Recent increases in human pressure and forest loss threaten many Natural World Heritage Sites"
2751:
2719:
2634:
Eliot, et al (2012). World heritage: Constructing a universal cultural order. Poetics Journal.
2604:
2567:
2113:
2090:
1395:
1120:
784:
728:
661:
2886:
2711:
2596:
2559:
2080:
2072:
2015:
1387:
1047:
751:
630:
440:
353:
225:
217:
201:
32:
2304:"The Big Question: What is a World Heritage Site, and does the accolade make a difference?"
3148:
2806:
2707:
2409:"Government spent at least $ 400,000 lobbying against Great Barrier Reef 'danger' listing"
2308:
1925:
1194:
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
1092:â initiative to promote awareness and provide tools for laypersons to engage with heritage
276:
213:
2117:
2068:
2011:
1672:"The World Heritage Convention â Brief History / Section "Preserving cultural heritage""
1383:
2848:
2216:
2085:
2050:
1176:
1067:
739:
701:
326:
3117:
2733:
2495:"World Heritage Committee agrees not to place Great Barrier Reef on 'in danger' list"
2333:
584:
580:
549:
including first placing it on the Tentative List and then onto the Nomination File.
369:
209:
169:
119:
86:
is maintained by the international World Heritage Program administered by the UNESCO
1822:"The Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention"
1586:
1407:
3103:
2901:
2854:
UNESCO Information System on the State of Conservation of World Heritage properties
2844:
2388:
2275:
1961:
1520:
1081:
799:
522:
510:
361:
280:
241:
184:(UNESCO) to assist them to protect and rescue the endangered monuments and sites.
17:
1140:
In 1978, two entire cities have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site: first
2526:"Is UNESCO World Heritage status for cultural sites killing the things it loves?"
2019:
1304:
2910:
2883:â View all Natural World Heritage Sites in the World Database on Protected Areas
2384:"Australia scrubbed from UN climate change report after government intervention"
357:
314:
2865:
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
1514:"Convention Concerning the Protection of World's Cultural and Natural Heritage"
720:
481:
334:
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
99:
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
2715:
2600:
1196:
located in Argentina, Belgium, France, Germany, India, Japan, and Switzerland.
1061:
1043:
2704:
The UNESCO Memory of the World Programme: Key Aspects and Recent Developments
2563:
1756:
1646:
1620:
626:
445:
394:
284:
260:
157:
2864:
2094:
1399:
1145:
1008:
This overview lists the 23 countries with 15 or more World Heritage Sites:
629:'s World Heritage status was revoked in July 2021, following developments (
2741:
O'Keefe, Roger; PĂ©ron, Camille; Musayev, Tofig; Ferrari, Gianluca (2016).
2271:"'Unesco-cide': does world heritage status do cities more harm than good?"
1617:"Monuments of Nubia-International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia"
1548:
2643:
Djurberg, et al (2018). Reforming UNESCO's World Heritage. The Globalist.
2145:
1089:
794:
747:
694:
674:
490:
345:
321:
developed similar proposals in 1968, which were presented in 1972 at the
291:, UNESCO then initiated a draft convention to protect cultural heritage.
2856:â Searchable online tool with over 3,400 reports on World Heritage Sites
2076:
1821:
1704:
1675:
36:
The World Heritage emblem, used to identify properties protected by the
1391:
724:
678:
123:
2671:
2352:
1487:
1430:
2836:
1899:
1873:
1730:
763:
716:
682:
650:
390:
306:
272:
233:
221:
197:
181:
51:
47:
2859:
2432:
1226:
2880:
1255:
525:
in Peru, an example of a mixed (natural and cultural) heritage site
2891:
1141:
783:
755:
570:
516:
506:
496:
480:
449:
439:
373:
264:
250:
245:
177:
173:
161:
153:
143:
128:
113:
31:
2830:
2433:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre â List of World Heritage in Danger"
1847:
1461:
2853:
365:
182:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
165:
138:
2914:
2221:
2197:
1783:"The unintended consequences of UNESCO World Heritage listing"
1278:
1011:
2702:
Edmondson, Ray; Jordan, Lothar; Prodan, Anca Claudia (2020).
762:
UNESCO has also been criticized for alleged geographic bias,
2246:. United Nations peacekeeping. 12 April 2019. Archived from
2821:
2110:"Monuments Men: protecting cultural heritage in war zones"
1332:"Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past"
90:, composed of 21 "states parties" that are elected by the
2244:"Action plan to preserve heritage sites during conflict"
2860:
Official overview of the World Heritage Forest Program
2833:â Official searchable list of all Inscribed Properties
1957:"Unesco strips Liverpool of its world heritage status"
1900:"Dresden is deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List"
2214:[Karl von Habsburg on a mission in Lebanon].
1573:
457:"To represent a masterpiece of human creative genius"
189:
International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia
2873:â Fully indexed and crosslinked with other documents
1926:"Liverpool stripped of Unesco World Heritage status"
660:
The founding president of Blue Shield International
160:, whose resulting future reservoir would eventually
46:
are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an
3062:
2952:
2867:â Official 1972 Convention Text in seven languages
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
780:
List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription
323:United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1337:John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law
1123:â international agreement on wetlands recognition
727:, have struggled to strike a balance between the
287:Temple Compounds in Indonesia. Together with the
2744:Protection of Cultural Property: Military Manual
70:is the country with the most sites, followed by
1549:"States Parties â UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
1275:"Exploring the world's first 12 heritage sites"
2887:World Heritage Site â Smithsonian Ocean Portal
1902:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 25 June 2009.
1876:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 28 June 2007.
1755:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from
1729:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from
1703:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from
1695:
1693:
1674:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from
1666:
1664:
1645:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from
1619:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from
1519:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from
1225:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from
738:to these sites, which contain similar styles,
319:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2926:
1986:
1984:
8:
417:International Council on Monuments and Sites
289:International Council on Monuments and Sites
2329:"Modernist masterpieces in unlikely Asmara"
2175:. UNESCO. 13 September 2017. Archived from
1753:"Success stories â successful restorations"
1356:– via UIC Law Open Access Repository.
1157:This type of recognition exists since 1992.
2933:
2919:
2911:
2556:Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Heritage
2212:"Karl von Habsburg auf Mission im Libanon"
1643:"The Rescue of Nubian Monuments and Sites"
807:
2084:
1776:
1774:
1543:
1541:
1116:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
1456:
1454:
1452:
452:, an example of a cultural heritage site
176:. In 1959, the governments of Egypt and
168:valley containing cultural treasures of
2114:Apollo â The International Art Magazine
1305:"World Heritage List (ordered by year)"
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1214:
1133:
750:under world heritage protection at the
305:The convention (the signed document of
2443:from the original on 30 September 2015
2421:from the original on 28 December 2016.
27:Place of significance listed by UNESCO
2396:from the original on 27 October 2016.
2316:from the original on 27 October 2016.
734:Another criticism is that there is a
7:
2617:from the original on 9 December 2023
2595:, Berghahn Books, pp. 219â247,
2505:from the original on 25 October 2021
2474:from the original on 27 October 2021
2407:Hasham, Nicole (17 September 2015).
2363:from the original on 25 October 2021
1555:from the original on 31 October 2011
376:, have not ratified the convention.
2837:KML file of the World Heritage List
1574:Edmondson, Jordan & Prodan 2020
1468:from the original on 15 August 2020
2871:The 1972 Convention at Law-Ref.org
2587:Chalcraft, Jasper (1 April 2016),
2493:Readfearn, Graham (23 July 2021).
2462:Readfearn, Graham (22 June 2021).
2341:from the original on 15 July 2017.
2269:Barron, Laignee (30 August 2017).
1106:Former UNESCO World Heritage Sites
711:Several listed locations, such as
614:Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City
567:Former UNESCO World Heritage Sites
544:Extensions and other modifications
523:Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu
25:
2302:Vallely, Paul (7 November 2008).
2210:Matz, Christoph (28 April 2019).
1969:from the original on 21 July 2021
1936:from the original on 24 July 2021
1828:from the original on 14 July 2017
1781:Maurel, Chloé (11 January 2017).
1597:from the original on 30 July 2022
1437:from the original on 12 June 2016
1348:from the original on 5 April 2020
1262:from the original on 5 July 2020.
62:natural properties) exist across
3097:
3053:
2678:from the original on 14 May 2011
2674:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2672:"World Heritage List Statistics"
2108:Stone, Peter (2 February 2015).
2029:from the original on 8 July 2022
1906:from the original on 7 July 2017
1880:from the original on 5 July 2020
1854:from the original on 5 July 2020
1850:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1824:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1587:"Countries - The World Factbook"
1551:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1494:from the original on 5 July 2020
1490:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1464:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1433:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1311:from the original on 26 May 2020
1307:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1258:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1074:
1060:
1046:
593:List of World Heritage in Danger
563:List of World Heritage in Danger
528:
455:
255:UNESCO World Heritage plaque at
133:UNESCO World Heritage plaque at
118:UNESCO World Heritage plaque at
2382:Slezak, Michael (26 May 2016).
1183:located in Mongolia and Russia.
1004:World Heritage Sites by country
998:Countries with 15 or more sites
401:near KrakĂłw in Poland, and the
92:United Nations General Assembly
2708:Springer Nature Switzerland AG
1955:Josh Halliday (21 July 2021).
1488:"The World Heritage Committee"
1273:Hetter, Katia (16 June 2014).
1096:Index of conservation articles
368:). Only two UN member states,
1:
1111:Memory of the World Programme
1101:Lists of World Heritage Sites
393:in Cambodia, the Old City of
2822:UNESCO World Heritage portal
2812:Resources in other libraries
2593:World Heritage on the Ground
2437:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
2357:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
2141:"When War Destroys Identity"
2139:Baig, Mehroz (12 May 2014).
2020:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.011
1330:Sullivan, Ann Marie (2016).
403:Ngorongoro Conservation Area
2902:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
2220:(in German). Archived from
1591:Central Intelligence Agency
788:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
647:United Nations peacekeeping
600:three sites have ever been
591:A site may be added to the
152:In 1954, the government of
3165:
2750:. Sanremo, Italy: UNESCO.
2524:Caust, Jo (10 July 2018).
1848:"World Heritage in Danger"
1001:
777:
635:Bramley-Moore Dock Stadium
560:
354:states in free association
309:) guiding the work of the
298:
206:Metropolitan Museum of Art
66:. With 60 selected areas,
3093:
3051:
2906:Google Arts & Culture
2807:Resources in your library
2716:10.1007/978-3-030-18441-4
2601:10.1515/9781785330926-011
2414:The Sydney Morning Herald
655:Blue Shield International
493:, a natural heritage site
301:World Heritage Convention
295:Convention and background
156:decided to build the new
84:World Heritage Sites list
38:World Heritage Convention
3070:World Heritage in Danger
2843:version of the list for
2564:10.4324/9781003038955-17
2279:. London. Archived from
1431:"Criteria for Selection"
706:World Heritage Committee
421:World Conservation Union
311:World Heritage Committee
230:Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
88:World Heritage Committee
48:international convention
3129:1972 in the environment
2898:in World Heritage Sites
2894:to develop and promote
2831:The World Heritage List
2826:(in English and French)
2000:Biological Conservation
1223:"World Heritage Emblem"
620:plans to construct the
616:in the United Kingdom.
487:Serengeti National Park
307:international agreement
279:in Italy, the ruins of
164:a large stretch of the
3085:By year of inscription
1144:in Ecuador, and later
789:
681:'s efforts to promote
622:Waldschlösschen Bridge
606:Arabian Oryx Sanctuary
588:
526:
514:
494:
453:
267:
149:
141:
126:
40:
2706:. Cham, Switzerland:
2327:T.G. (20 July 2016).
2056:Nature Communications
1462:"World Heritage List"
831:inscribed properties
787:
574:
520:
500:
484:
443:
283:in Pakistan, and the
254:
147:
132:
117:
35:
3124:World Heritage Sites
2998:Northern and Central
2946:World Heritage Sites
2353:"Great Barrier Reef"
1371:Conservation Biology
1181:Landscapes of Dauria
653:in cooperation with
612:in Germany, and the
503:Doñana National Park
257:Doñana National Park
44:World Heritage Sites
2896:sustainable tourism
2892:UNESCO chair in ICT
2824:â Official website
2793:World Heritage Site
2198:O'Keefe et al. 2016
2146:The Huffington Post
2077:10.1038/ncomms12558
2069:2016NatCo...712558V
2012:2017BCons.206...47A
1384:2018ConBi..32..116A
1175:Includes the sites
829:States parties with
610:Dresden Elbe Valley
399:Wieliczka Salt Mine
18:World Heritage List
3134:1972 introductions
1392:10.1111/cobi.12976
1192:Includes the site
1054:Environment portal
790:
690:Great Barrier Reef
589:
527:
515:
495:
454:
427:Selection criteria
410:Nomination process
350:State of Palestine
342:UN observer states
268:
238:Temple of Ellesyia
150:
142:
127:
41:
3111:
3110:
2788:Library resources
2767:on 8 January 2020
2757:978-92-3-100184-0
2725:978-3-030-18440-7
2610:978-1-78533-092-6
1121:Ramsar Convention
995:
994:
729:economic benefits
685:are one example.
675:lobbying industry
662:Karl von Habsburg
583:off the coast of
577:GalĂĄpagos Islands
204:was moved to the
16:(Redirected from
3156:
3104:World portal
3102:
3101:
3057:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2912:
2881:Protected Planet
2827:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2766:
2760:. Archived from
2749:
2737:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2532:. Archived from
2530:The Conversation
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2459:
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2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2149:. Archived from
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2116:. Archived from
2105:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2028:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1932:. 21 July 2021.
1922:
1916:
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1911:
1896:
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1859:
1844:
1838:
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1835:
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1818:
1803:
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1800:
1798:
1789:. Archived from
1787:The Conversation
1778:
1769:
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1412:
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1364:
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1355:
1353:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1281:. Archived from
1270:
1264:
1263:
1256:"World Heritage"
1252:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1173:
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1158:
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1084:
1079:
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1056:
1051:
1050:
808:
631:Liverpool Waters
575:Site No. 1, the
397:in Croatia, the
338:UN member states
226:Temple of Taffeh
218:Parque del Oeste
202:Temple of Dendur
135:Takht-e SoleymÄn
50:administered by
21:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3144:Protected areas
3114:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3096:
3089:
3058:
3049:
2973:Central America
2948:
2939:
2825:
2818:
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2784:
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2647:
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2638:
2633:
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2620:
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2611:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2558:. p. 183.
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2309:The Independent
2301:
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2047:
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1995:
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1989:
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1972:
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1954:
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1073:
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1037:
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1006:
1000:
830:
782:
776:
740:visitor centres
670:
569:
561:Main articles:
559:
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438:
429:
412:
382:
303:
297:
214:Temple of Debod
112:
107:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3162:
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3146:
3141:
3139:Global culture
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3109:
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3094:
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2995:
2987:
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2909:
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2899:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:NASA Worldwind
2834:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:External links
2780:
2778:
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2738:
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2698:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2663:
2654:
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2579:
2572:
2547:
2536:on 30 May 2020
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2294:
2283:on 27 May 2020
2261:
2250:on 27 May 2020
2235:
2224:on 26 May 2020
2217:Kronen Zeitung
2202:
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2179:on 26 May 2020
2164:
2153:on 26 May 2020
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2120:on 26 May 2020
2100:
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1980:
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1804:
1793:on 27 May 2020
1770:
1759:on 30 May 2020
1744:
1733:on 30 May 2020
1718:
1707:on 26 May 2020
1689:
1678:on 26 May 2020
1660:
1649:on 5 July 2020
1634:
1623:on 5 July 2020
1608:
1578:
1576:, p. 144.
1566:
1537:
1526:on 5 July 2020
1505:
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1378:(1): 116â126.
1359:
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1296:
1285:on 26 May 2020
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1229:on 1 June 2020
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1177:Uvs Nuur Basin
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775:
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752:Tadrart Acacus
702:climate change
669:
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521:Site No. 274:
511:Iberian lynxes
501:Site No. 685:
485:Site No. 156:
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299:Main article:
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352:), and two
315:White House
3118:Categories
3080:By country
2682:26 January
2621:9 December
2509:25 October
2478:25 October
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2367:25 October
1498:14 October
1472:26 January
1441:14 October
1344:: 604â46.
1204:References
1148:in Poland.
1002:See also:
774:Statistics
380:Objectives
277:its lagoon
236:, and the
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2978:Caribbean
2964:Americas
2953:Locations
2734:243052987
2063:: 12558.
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1727:"Funding"
1601:1 October
1209:Footnotes
949:Caribbean
814:Cultural
768:colourism
695:diplomats
668:Criticism
627:Liverpool
446:Taj Mahal
395:Dubrovnik
285:Borobodur
261:AndalucĂa
78:with 54.
3033:Southern
3028:Northern
3008:Southern
2676:Archived
2615:archived
2503:Archived
2472:Archived
2441:Archived
2419:Archived
2394:Archived
2361:Archived
2339:Archived
2314:Archived
2095:27552116
2024:Archived
1967:Archived
1934:Archived
1930:BBC News
1904:Archived
1878:Archived
1852:Archived
1826:Archived
1595:Archived
1559:21 March
1553:Archived
1492:Archived
1466:Archived
1435:Archived
1408:28944427
1400:28664996
1352:11 April
1346:Archived
1309:Archived
1260:Archived
1090:GoUNESCO
1040:See also
947:and the
889:and the
817:Natural
795:Caucasus
748:Rock art
602:delisted
491:Tanzania
436:Cultural
419:and the
348:and the
346:Holy See
162:inundate
3063:Related
3045:Oceania
3038:Western
3023:Eastern
3019:Europe
3013:Western
2993:Eastern
2086:4996975
2065:Bibcode
2008:Bibcode
1973:21 July
1940:21 July
1910:10 July
1884:10 July
1858:10 July
1832:10 July
1711:17 July
1682:17 July
1380:Bibcode
891:Pacific
811:Region
725:Vietnam
679:Eritrea
579:in the
477:Natural
228:to the
216:to the
124:Iceland
105:History
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3149:UNESCO
2960:Africa
2790:about
2771:22 May
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1233:1 June
1146:KrakĂłw
985:1,223
973:Total
965:12.3%
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212:, the
198:Philae
110:Origin
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2989:Asia
2942:Lists
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2748:(PDF)
2730:S2CID
2027:(PDF)
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1128:Notes
988:100%
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853:8.8%
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513:live
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360:(the
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265:Spain
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