768:, is the practice of engaging in intimate relationships that are not strictly monogamous, or consensually engaging in multiple physically or emotionally intimate relationships. The degree of emotional and physical intimacy between different partners can vary. For example, swinging relationships are primarily sexual, while people in polyamorous relationships might engage in both emotional and physical intimacy with multiple partners. Individuals in consensually non-monogamous intimate relationships identify several benefits to their relationship configuration including having their needs met by multiple partners, engaging in a greater variety of shared activities with partners, and feelings of autonomy and personal growth.
259:
openly disclosing thoughts and feelings, spending time with mutual friends, and contributing to shared responsibilities. Physical intimacy including sexual behavior also increases feelings of closeness and satisfaction with the relationship. However, sexual desire is often greatest early in a relationship, and may wax and wane as the relationship evolves. Significant life events such as the birth of a child can drastically change the relationship and necessitate adaptation and new approaches to maintaining intimacy. The transition to parenthood can be a stressful period that is generally associated with a temporary decrease in healthy relationship functioning and a decline in sexual intimacy.
200:
268:
155:
evolutionary perspective, this may be because people search for a partner (or potential mate) who displays indicators of good physical health. Yet, there is also evidence that couples in committed intimate relationships tend to match each other in physical attractiveness, and are rated as similarly physically attractive by both the members of the couple and by outside observers. An individual's perception of their own attractiveness may therefore influence who they see as a realistic partner.
27:
175:, the process of revealing information about yourself, is a crucial aspect of building intimacy between people. Feelings of intimacy increase when a conversation partner is perceived as responsive and reciprocates self-disclosure, and people tend to like others who disclose emotional information to them. Other strategies used in the relationship formation stage include humor, initiating physical touch, and signaling availability and interest through eye contact,
367:
704:
between same-sex and different-sex intimacy. In the relationship formation period, the boundaries between friendship and romantic intimacy may be more nuanced and complex among sexual minorities. For instance, many lesbian women report that their romantic relationships developed from an existing friendship. Certain relationship maintenance practices also differ. While heterosexual relationships might rely on traditional
390:. In general, marriage and other types of committed intimate relationships are consistently linked to increases in happiness. Furthermore, due to the interdependent nature of relationships, one partner's life satisfaction influences and predicts change in the other person's life satisfaction even after controlling for relationship quality.
742:
were less likely to have recently had sex, they did not differ from non-asexual participants in rates of being in an intimate relationship. Asexual individuals face stigma and the pathologization of their sexual orientation, and report difficulty navigating assumptions about sexuality in the dating scene. Various terms including "
4203:
3041:
633:
cultural scripts that depict men as aggressive and dominant may be an additional risk factor for men engaging in violence toward an intimate partner, although violence by female perpetrators is also a well-documented phenomenon and research finds other contextual and demographic characteristics to be
495:
Disagreements within intimate relationships are a stressful event, and the strategies couples use to navigate conflict impact the quality and success of the relationship. Common sources of conflict between intimate partners include disagreements about the balance of work and family life, frequency of
207:
Context, timing, and external circumstances influence attraction and whether an individual is receptive to beginning an intimate relationship. Individuals vary across the lifespan in feeling ready for a relationship, and other external pressures including family expectations, peers being in committed
158:
Beyond physical appearance, people report desirable qualities they look for in a partner such as trustworthiness, warmth, and loyalty. However, these romantic ideals are not necessarily good predictors of actual attraction or relationship success. Research has found little evidence for the success of
657:
research finds that individuals in China prefer indirect and implicit communication with their romantic partner, while
European Americans report preferring direct communication. The use of a culturally appropriate communication style influences anticipated relationship satisfaction. Culture can also
503:
Individuals vary in how they typically engage with conflict. Gottman describes that happy couples differ from unhappy couples in their interactions during conflict: unhappy couples tend to use more frequent negative tone of voice, show more predictable behavior during communication, and get stuck in
404:
and significant life events. Having a close relationship with someone who is perceived as responsive and validating helps to alleviate the negative impact of stress, and shared activities with an intimate partner aids in regulating emotions associated with stressful experiences. Support for positive
246:
Once an intimate relationship has been initiated, the relationship changes and develops over time, and the members may engage in commitment agreements and maintenance behaviors. In an ongoing relationship, couples must navigate protecting their own self-interest alongside the interest of maintaining
527:
Attachment orientations that develop from early interpersonal relationships can influence how people behave in intimate relationships, and insecure attachment can lead to specific issues in a relationship. Individuals vary in attachment anxiety (the degree to which they worry about abandonment) and
741:
Some asexual people engage in intimate relationships that are solely emotionally intimate, while other asexual people's relationships involve sex as part of negotiations with non-asexual partners. A 2019 study of sexual minority individuals in the United States found that while asexual individuals
566:
Infidelity and sex outside a monogamous relationship are behaviors that are commonly disapproved of, a frequent source of conflict, and a cause of relationship dissolution. Low relationship satisfaction may cause people to desire physical or emotional connection outside their primary relationship.
415:
In intimate relationships that are sexual, sexual satisfaction is closely tied to overall relationship satisfaction. Sex promotes intimacy, increases happiness, provides pleasure, and reduces stress. Studies show that couples who have sex at least once per week report greater well-being than those
258:
Engaging in ongoing positive shared communication and activities is important for strengthening the relationship and increasing commitment and liking between partners. These maintenance behaviors can include providing assurances about commitment to the relationship, engaging in shared activities,
307:
The decision to leave a relationship often involves an evaluation of levels of satisfaction and commitment in the relationship. Relationship factors such as increased commitment and feelings of love are associated with lower chances of breakup, while feeling ambivalent about the relationship and
69:
and a growing sense of closeness and familiarity. Intimate relationships evolve over time as they are maintained, and members of the relationship become more invested in and committed to the relationship. Healthy intimate relationships are beneficial for psychological and physical well-being and
477:
studies, participants who view an image of their intimate partner report less pain in response to a stimulus compared to participants who view the photo of a stranger. In another laboratory study, women who received a text message from their partner showed reduced cardiovascular response to the
324:
before marriage are also associated with risk of divorce and relationship dissolution. These characteristics are not necessarily the inherent causes of dissolution. Rather, they are traits that impact the resources that individuals are able to draw upon to work on their relationships as well as
215:
Being in close physical proximity is a powerful facilitator for formation of relationships because it allows people to get to know each other through repeated interactions. Intimate partners commonly meet at college or school, as coworkers, as neighbors, at bars, or through religious community.
703:
for same-sex couples have helped normalize and legitimize same-sex intimacy. Broadly, same-sex and different-sex intimate relationships do not differ significantly, and couples report similar levels of relationship satisfaction and stability. However, research supports a few common differences
508:
and previous negative relationship experiences. When conflicts go unresolved, relationship satisfaction is negatively impacted. Constructive conflict resolution strategies include validating the other person's point of view and concerns, expressing affection, using humor, and active listening.
159:
matching potential partners based on personality traits, suggesting that romantic chemistry involves more than compatibility of traits. Rather, repeated positive interactions between people and reciprocity of romantic interest seem to be key components in attraction and relationship formation.
634:
more salient risks factors. Contextual factors such as high levels of stress can also contribute to risk of violence. Within the relationship, high levels of conflict and disagreements are associated with intimate partner violence, particularly for people who react to conflict with hostility.
550:
Stress that occurs both within and outside an intimate relationship—including financial issues, familial obligations, and stress at work—can negatively impact the quality of the relationship. Stress depletes the psychological resources that are crucial for developing and maintaining a healthy
465:
for encouraging healthy behaviors such as increasing physical activity and quitting smoking. Sexual activity and other forms of physical intimacy also contribute positively to physical health, while conflict between intimate partners negatively impacts the immune and endocrine systems and can
420:
finds that the ingredients of high quality sex include feeling connected to your partner, good communication, vulnerability, and feeling present in the moment. High quality sex in intimate relationships can strengthen both the relationship and improve well-being for each individual involved.
296:
Because relationships are rewarding and evolutionarily necessary, and rejection is a stressful process, people are generally biased toward making decisions that uphold and further facilitate intimate relationships. These biases can lead to distortions in the evaluation of a relationship. For
154:
suggest that the romantic spark, or "chemistry," that occurs between people is a combination of physical attraction, personal qualities, and a build-up of positive interactions between people. Researchers find physical attractiveness to be the largest predictor of initial attraction. From an
500:'s research has identified three stages of conflict in couples. First, couples present their opinions and feelings on the issue. Next, they argue and attempt to persuade the other of their viewpoint, and finally, the members of the relationship negotiate to try to arrive at a compromise.
2706:
46:, and the members of the relationship mutually influence each other. The quality and nature of the relationship depends on the interactions between individuals, and is derived from the unique context and history that builds between people over time. Social and legal institutions such as
616:
Research has identified a variety of risk factors for and types of perpetrators of intimate partner violence. Individuals who are exposed to violence or experience abuse in childhood are more likely to become perpetrators or victims of intimate partner violence as adults as part of the
535:
and experience heightened distress about whether their partner will leave them. Highly anxious individuals also perceive more conflict in their relationships and are disproportionately negatively affected by those conflicts. In contrast, avoidantly attached individuals may experience
504:
cycles of negative behavior with their partner. Other unproductive strategies within conflict include avoidance and withdrawal, defensiveness, and hostility. These responses may be salient when an individual feels threatened by the conflict, which can be a reflection of insecure
555:
is a particularly salient stressful context that constrains an individual's ability to invest in maintaining a healthy intimate relationship. Couples with lower socioeconomic status are at risk for experiencing increased rates of dissolution and lower relationship satisfaction.
280:. These commitment markers increase relationship stability because they create physical, financial, and symbolic barriers and consequences to dissolving the relationship. In general, increases in relationship satisfaction and investment are associated with increased commitment.
320:(the tendency to experience negative emotions) are more prone to relationship dissolution, and research also shows small effects of attachment avoidance and anxiety in predicting breakup. Being married at a younger age, having lower income, lower educational attainment, and
567:
However, people with more sexual opportunities, greater interest in sex, and more permissive attitudes toward sex are also more likely to engage in infidelity. In the United States, research has found that between 15 and 25% of adults report ever cheating on a partner.
405:
experiences can also improve relationship quality and increase shared positive emotions between people. When a person responds actively and constructively to their partner sharing good news (a process called "capitalization"), well-being for both individuals increases.
612:
estimates that 30% of women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner. The strong emotional attachment, investment, and interdependence that characterizes close relationships can make it difficult to leave an abusive relationship.
89:
is built through self-disclosure and responsive communication between people, and is critical for healthy psychological development and mental health. Emotional intimacy produces feelings reciprocal trust, validation, vulnerability, and closeness between individuals.
2454:
669:, the ways love is expressed and its importance in intimate relationships vary based on the culture within which a relationship takes place. Culture is especially salient in structuring beliefs about institutions that recognize intimate relationships such as
551:
relationship. Rather than spending energy investing in the relationship through shared activities, sex and physical intimacy, and healthy communication, couples under stress are forced to use their psychological resources to manage other pressing issues. Low
275:
As a relationship develops, intimate partners often engage in commitment agreements, ceremonies, and behaviors to signal their intention to remain in the relationship. This might include moving in together, sharing responsibilities or property, and getting
233:
found that 53% of people under 30 have used online dating, and one in ten adults in a committed relationship met their partner online. However, there remains skepticism about the effectiveness and safety of dating apps due to their potential to facilitate
1274:
Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Kowal, Marta; Saluja, Supreet; Aavik, Toivo; Alm, Charlotte; Anjum, Afifa; Asao, Kelly; Batres, Carlota; Bensafia, Aicha; Bizumic, Boris; Boussena, Mahmoud; Buss, David M.; Butovskaya, Marina; Can, Seda; Carrier, Antonin (2023).
528:
avoidance (the degree to which they avoid emotional closeness). Research shows that insecure attachment orientations that are high in avoidance or anxiety are associated with experiencing more frequent negative emotions in intimate relationships.
2133:
509:
However, the effectiveness of these strategies depend on the topic and severity of the conflict and the characteristics of the individuals involved. Repeated stressful instances of unresolved conflict might cause intimate partners to seek
228:
are more structured formats used to begin relationships. The internet in particular has significantly changed how intimate relationships begin as it allows people to access potential partners beyond their immediate proximity. In 2023,
473:, individuals in relationships high in conflict and hostility recovered from wounds more slowly than people in low-hostility relationships. The presence or imagined presence of an intimate partner can even impact perceived pain. In
337:), or suggesting a "break" period before revisiting the decision. The dissolution of an intimate relationship is a stressful event that can have a negative impact on well-being, and the rejection can elicit strong feelings of
708:
to divide labor and decision-making power, same-sex couples are more likely to divide housework evenly. Lesbian couples report lower frequency of sex compared to heterosexual couples, and gay men are more likely to engage in
292:
is a theoretical framework that suggests that an evaluation of relationship satisfaction, relationship investment, and the quality of alternatives to the relationship impact whether an individual remains in a relationship.
171:
When potential intimate partners are getting to know each other, they employ a variety of strategies to increase closeness and gain information about whether the other person is a desirable partner.
570:
When one member of a relationship violates agreements of sexual or emotional exclusivity, the foundation of trust in the primary relationship is negatively impacted, and individuals may experience
1211:
1951:
297:
instance, people in committed relationships tend to dismiss and derogate attractive alternative partners, thereby validating the decision to remain with their more attractive partner.
4581:
Karney, Benjamin R.; Neff, Lisa A. (2013). "Couples and stress: How demands outside a relationship affect intimacy within the relationship". In
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288:
Individuals in intimate relationships evaluate the relative personal benefits and costs of being in the relationship, and this contributes to the decision to stay or leave. The
110:—promotes connection between people and is often a key component of romantic intimate relationships. Physical touch is correlated with relationship satisfaction and feelings of
114:. While many intimate relationships include a physical or sexual component, the potential to be sexual is not a requirement for the relationship to be intimate. For example, a
649:
Cultural context has influence in many domains within intimate relationships including norms in communication, expression of affection, commitment and marriage practices, and
2453:
Rollie, Stephanie S.; Duck, Steve (2013). "Divorce and
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impact expectations within a relationship and the relative importance of various relationship-centered values such as emotional closeness, equity, status, and autonomy.
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as part of the relationship formation period allows individuals to explore different interpersonal connections before further investing in an intimate relationship.
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Agnew, C. R., & VanderDrift, L. E. (2015). Relationship maintenance and dissolution. In M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, J. A. Simpson, & J. F. Dovidio (Eds.),
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Laboratory experiments show evidence for the association between support from intimate partners and physical health. In a study assessing recovery from wounds and
121:
Among scholars, the definition of an intimate relationship is diverse and evolving. Some reserve the term for romantic relationships, while other scholars include
2311:
1796:"Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges"
1212:"The Power of Touch: Physical Affection is Important in Relationships, but Some People Need More Than Others – Kinsey Institute Research & Institute News"
3851:
Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K.; Loving, Timothy J.; Stowell, Jeffrey R.; Malarkey, William B.; Lemeshow, Stanley; Dickinson, Stephanie L.; Glaser, Ronald (2005).
129:. In general, an intimate relationship is an interpersonal relationship in which physically or emotionally intimate experiences occur repeatedly over time.
386:
are more likely to enter intimate relationships, the relationships themselves also have a positive impact on mental health even after controlling for the
673:. The idea that love is necessary for marriage is a strongly held belief in the United States, while in India, a distinction is made between traditional
4465:
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Vangelisti, Anita L. (2013). "Relationship
Dissolution: Antecedents, Processes, and Consequences". In Noeller, Patricia; Feeney, Judith A. (eds.).
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or be dismissive of the potential benefits of a close relationship and thus have difficulty building an intimate connection with a partner.
731:
as a couple and living in a place with legal same-sex relationship recognition have a positive impact on individual and couple well-being.
353:. However, the period following a break-up can also promote personal growth, particularly if the previous relationship was not fulfilling.
316:
Specific individual characteristics and traits put people at greater risk for experiencing relationship dissolution. Individuals high in
746:" and "squish" (a non-sexual crush) have been used by the asexual community to describe non-sexual intimate relationships and desires.
199:
3428:
Kleinplatz, Peggy J.; Menard, A. Dana; Paquet, Marie-Pierre; Paradis, Nicolas; Campbell, Meghan; Zuccarino, Dino; Mehak, Lisa (2009).
621:. Perpetrators are also more likely to be aggressive, impulsive, prone to anger, and may show pathological personality traits such as
1950:
Agnew, Christopher R.; Hadden, Benjamin W.; Tan, Kenneth (2020), Agnew, Christopher R.; Machia, Laura V.; Arriaga, Ximena B. (eds.),
4179:"The Roles of Conflict Engagement, Escalation, and Avoidance in Marital Interaction: A Longitudinal View of Five Types of Couples"
2106:
723:. As couples cope with these obstacles, relationship quality can be negatively affected. Unsupportive policy environments such as
349:. Following a relationship breakup, individuals are at risk for anxiety, depressive symptoms, problematic substance use, and low
70:
contribute to overall happiness in life. However, challenges including relationship conflict, external stressors, insecurity, and
3973:
Master, Sarah L.; Eisenberger, Naomi I.; Taylor, Shelley E.; Naliboff, Bruce D.; Shirinyan, David; Lieberman, Matthew D. (2009).
1371:
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systems have been consistently identified in the scientific literature. Better relationship quality is associated lower risk of
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622:
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4784:
4411:
3955:
3621:
3508:
2870:
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1332:
289:
251:, sacrifice, and communication. In general, feelings of intimacy and commitment increase as a relationship progresses, while
1679:"Predicting romantic interest during early relationship development: A preregistered investigation using machine learning"
2631:"Wanting to Stay and Wanting to Go: Unpacking the Content and Structure of Relationship Stay/Leave Decision Processes"
5559:"The Interaction of Same-Sex Marriage Access With Sexual Minority Identity on Mental Health and Subjective Wellbeing"
4933:"Intimate partner violence: A narrative review of the feminist, social and ecological explanations for its causation"
4703:
3126:"Relational regulation theory: A new approach to explain the link between perceived social support and mental health"
2815:"Making Sense and Moving On: The Potential for Individual and Interpersonal Growth Following Emerging Adult Breakups"
267:
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Eastwick, Paul W; Joel, Samantha; Carswell, Kathleen L; Molden, Daniel C; Finkel, Eli J; Blozis, Shelley A (2023).
877:
765:
743:
115:
35:
5656:"Making Sense in and of the Asexual Community: Navigating Relationships and Identities in a Context of Resistance"
50:
acknowledge and uphold intimate relationships between people. However, intimate relationships are not necessarily
5395:"Friendship and Attachment Among Heterosexual and Sexual-Minority Youths: Does the Gender of Your Friend Matter?"
1601:"Matching for attractiveness in romantic partners and same-sex friends: A meta-analysis and theoretical critique"
842:
609:
586:
4972:"Women who perpetrate intimate partner violence: A review of the literature with recommendations for treatment"
862:
837:
479:
308:
perceiving many alternatives to the current relationship are associated with increased chances of dissolution.
147:
66:
2281:"The magnetism that holds us together: sexuality and relationship maintenance across relationship development"
4464:
Martínez-León, Nancy
Consuelo; Peña, Juan José; Salazar, Hernán; García, Andrea; Sierra, Juan Carlos (2017).
3352:"Sexual healing: Daily diary evidence that sex relieves stress for men and women in satisfying relationships"
38:
that involves emotional or physical closeness between people and may include sexual intimacy and feelings of
5598:"Same-Sex Legal Marriage and Psychological Well-Being: Findings From the California Health Interview Survey"
3899:
827:
724:
333:
Common strategies for ending a relationship include justifying the decision, apologizing, avoiding contact (
118:
is a non-romantic intimate relationship that involves commitment and closeness beyond that of a friendship.
5355:
4802:
43:
5116:"How You Talk About It Matters: Cultural Variation in Communication Directness in Romantic Relationships"
4631:
3001:
Gustavson, Kristin; Røysamb, Espen; Borren, Ingrid; Torvik, Fartein Ask; Karevold, Evalill (2016-06-01).
5744:
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4597:
4405:
3949:
3900:"Viewing Pictures of a Romantic Partner Reduces Experimental Pain: Involvement of Neural Reward Systems"
3615:
3502:
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2570:
1326:
1102:
Forest, Amanda L.; Sigler, Kirby N.; Bain, Kaitlin S.; O'Brien, Emily R.; Wood, Joanne V. (2023-08-01).
987:
897:
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521:
409:
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5804:
5765:
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5519:
5049:
5010:
4971:
4932:
4355:
4097:
4055:
4014:"It just takes a text: Partner text messages can reduce cardiovascular responses to stress in females"
4013:
3710:"Interpersonal Processes of Couples' Daily Support for Goal Pursuit: The Example of Physical Activity"
3670:
3273:
2924:
2775:
2591:
2345:
1639:
1236:
1103:
5883:"Unique and Shared Relationship Benefits of Consensually Non-Monogamous and Monogamous Relationships"
5558:
5154:
3235:"No Longer in a Dry Spell: The Developing Understanding of How Sex Influences Romantic Relationships"
3204:"The Capitalization Process in Stable Couple Relationships: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits"
2481:
2064:
882:
552:
151:
5627:
5155:"A cross-cultural comparison of expectations in romantic relationships: India and the United States"
2384:
1458:"Understanding Emotional Intimacy: A Review of Conceptualization, Assessment and the Role of Gender"
1143:"Understanding Emotional Intimacy: A Review of Conceptualization, Assessment and the Role of Gender"
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597:
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230:
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is most meaningful when it is displayed by someone who is selective about who they show liking to.
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5882:
5313:
4317:"Marital Therapy, Retreats, and Books: The Who, What, When, and Why of Relationship Help‐Seeking"
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Impett, Emily A.; Muise, Amy; Rosen, Natalie O. (2019), Ogolsky, Brian G.; Monk, J. Kale (eds.),
2280:
1104:"Self-esteem's impacts on intimacy-building: Pathways through self-disclosure and responsiveness"
942:
807:
434:
107:
86:
2176:
1795:
1756:
1600:
1173:
582:. Infidelity is ultimately tied to increased likelihood of relationship dissolution or divorce.
4505:"Perceptions of Conflict and Support in Romantic Relationships: The Role of Attachment Anxiety"
4504:
4426:
4277:
2885:
2385:"Women's experiences of sex and intimacy after childbirth: making the adjustment to motherhood"
2318:, Advances in Personal Relationships, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 215–239,
1958:, Advances in Personal Relationships, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 269–292,
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2886:"Addition through subtraction: Growth following the dissolution of a low quality relationship"
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2203:"Maintenance Strategies and Romantic Relationship Type, Gender and Relational Characteristics"
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26:
5695:"Asexual and Non-Asexual Respondents from a U.S. Population-Based Study of Sexual Minorities"
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3165:"Making the good even better: A review and theoretical model of interpersonal capitalization"
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Robles, Theodore F.; Slatcher, Richard B.; Trombello, Joseph M.; McGinn, Meghan M. (2014).
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3234:
2814:
2630:
2241:
2202:
2025:
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3202:
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2521:"We're Not That Choosy: Emerging Evidence of a Progression Bias in Romantic Relationships"
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5434:"The Role of Friendship in the Development and Maintenance of Lesbian Love Relationships"
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5655:
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3453:"A Social Psychological Perspective on the Links Between Close Relationships and Health"
2750:
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1003:
271:
Marriage is a form of relationship maintenance that signals commitment between partners.
5727:
5314:"Same‐Sex Couples, Families, and Marriage: Embracing and Resisting Heteronormativity 1"
4647:
4388:
4253:
3932:
3789:
3598:
3485:
3101:
2847:
2553:
1488:
887:
720:
716:
654:
601:
593:
462:
458:
446:
394:
387:
188:
39:
17:
4221:"What Type of Communication during Conflict is Beneficial for Intimate Relationships?"
4098:"What type of communication during conflict is beneficial for intimate relationships?"
3853:"Hostile marital interactions, proinflammatory cytokine production, and wound healing"
3757:"Perceived Partner Responsiveness Predicts Smoking Cessation in Single-Smoker Couples"
3636:
3073:
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2482:"Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: A test of the investment model"
1567:"Attraction and the Initiation of Relationships: A Review of the Empirical Literature"
5026:
4332:
4137:"Problematic Issues in the Early Years of Marriage: Content for Premarital Education"
3990:
3565:
3125:
2688:
2497:
2439:
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1733:
1527:
1276:
1045:
822:
678:
438:
383:
338:
225:
95:
85:
Intimacy is the feeling of being in close, personal association with another person.
5236:"The Association between Romantic Love and Marriage: Kephart (1967) Twice Revisited"
4481:
3686:
2673:"Predicting nonmarital romantic relationship dissolution: A meta-analytic synthesis"
1718:"Selective Versus Unselective Romantic Desire: Not All Reciprocity Is Created Equal"
1252:
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5394:
5205:
5080:
5011:"Intimate partner violence: Persistence of myths and implications for intervention"
1811:
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497:
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2160:
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2080:
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4371:
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1655:
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433:, and associations between close relationships and health outcomes involving the
5898:
3868:
3542:
2733:
2163:
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1616:
705:
650:
575:
350:
317:
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4520:
4442:
4152:
3312:
3289:
2607:
1292:
954:
65:
The course of an intimate relationship includes a formation period prompted by
5410:
5131:
5065:
4987:
4948:
4543:
4293:
4178:
4029:
3669:
Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K.; Gouin, Jean-Philippe; Hantsoo, Liisa (2010-09-01).
3328:
3069:"Prosocial Behavior Mitigates the Negative Effects of Stress in Everyday Life"
3018:
3003:"Life Satisfaction in Close Relationships: Findings from a Longitudinal Study"
2901:
2536:
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1889:
1694:
1566:
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1189:
817:
812:
735:
728:
630:
560:
248:
122:
5867:
5828:
5789:
5718:
5694:
5679:
5613:
5582:
5543:
5496:
5457:
5418:
5379:
5337:
5298:
5290:
5259:
5251:
5178:
5139:
5100:
5034:
4995:
4956:
4882:
4866:
4851:
4843:
4752:
4686:
4655:
4567:
4559:
4528:
4489:
4450:
4379:
4340:
4301:
4244:
4160:
4121:
4079:
4037:
3998:
3923:
3876:
3837:
3829:
3780:
3733:
3725:
3694:
3589:
3550:
3476:
3468:
3414:
3406:
3391:"Sexual Frequency Predicts Greater Well-Being, But More is Not Always Better"
3375:
3367:
3336:
3297:
3258:
3250:
3188:
3149:
3092:
3084:
3026:
2987:
2948:
2909:
2838:
2830:
2799:
2654:
2646:
2615:
2544:
2505:
2408:
2369:
2265:
2257:
2226:
2218:
2088:
2049:
2041:
1936:
1897:
1858:
1819:
1780:
1741:
1702:
1663:
1624:
1551:
1512:
1473:
1300:
1260:
1197:
1158:
1127:
1053:
1011:
5805:"From crushes to squishes: Affect and agency on r/ AskReddit and r/ Asexual"
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375:
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150:
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5736:
5504:
5275:"Choosing Love Over Tradition: Lived Experiences of Asian Indian Marriages"
4890:
4828:"Leave or Stay?: Battered Women's Decision After Intimate Partner Violence"
4770:
4744:
4728:
4397:
4262:
3975:"A Picture's Worth: Partner Photographs Reduce Experimentally Induced Pain"
3941:
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3798:
3741:
3635:
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3110:
2856:
2562:
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5820:
5473:"Non-monogamy and sexual relationship quality among same-sex male couples"
5449:
5081:"Love Culturally: How Does Culture Affect Intimacy, Commitment & Love"
2177:"Temporal course of the basic components of love throughout relationships"
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2346:"The transition to parenthood: impact on couples' romantic relationships"
2026:"Searching for a Mate: The Rise of the Internet as a Social Intermediary"
1277:"Love and affectionate touch toward romantic partners all over the world"
852:
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4278:"Relationship Satisfaction and Conflict Style in Romantic Relationships"
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715:
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Social support from an intimate partner is beneficial for coping with
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High quality intimate relationships have a positive impact on
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4704:"Who Cheats More? The Demographics of Infidelity in America"
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3637:"Close Relationships and Immunity"
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1070:Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy
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5602:American Journal of Public Health
4832:Journal of Interpersonal Violence
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3857:Archives of General Psychiatry
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3773:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.026
3220:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.411
3007:Journal of Happiness Studies
2941:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.001
2931:. Relationships and stress.
2792:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.07.016
2757:, Elsevier, pp. 355–381
2498:10.1016/0022-1031(80)90007-4
2401:10.3109/0167482X.2012.720314
2362:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.003
2352:. Relationships and stress.
2297:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.009
2030:American Sociological Review
1812:10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1238
1656:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.007
1172:Timmerman, Gayle M. (1991).
1120:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101596
208:relationships, and cultural
5803:Fine, Julia Coombs (2023).
5699:Archives of Sexual Behavior
5654:Chasin, CJ DeLuzio (2015).
5360:Annual Review of Psychology
4906:"Intimate Partner Violence"
4602:Annual Review of Psychology
4425:Simpson, Jeffry A. (1990).
4018:Computers in Human Behavior
3869:10.1001/archpsyc.62.12.1377
3543:10.1037/0033-2909.127.4.472
3317:Archives of Sexual Behavior
3046:. Oxford University Press.
1851:10.1177/0146167299025006006
1773:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.457
1617:10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.226
992:Annual Review of Psychology
382:. While people with better
329:Strategies and consequences
284:Evaluating the relationship
5919:
5749:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
5711:10.1007/s10508-019-01485-0
4783:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
4521:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.510
4443:10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.971
4410:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
4153:10.1177/009164710303100310
3954:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
3620:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
3507:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
3290:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.030
2869:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
2608:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.02.010
2575:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
1331:: CS1 maint: PMC format (
1293:10.1038/s41598-023-31502-1
955:10.1002/9780470998557.ch14
878:Queerplatonic relationship
744:queerplatonic relationship
466:increase blood pressure.
116:queerplatonic relationship
36:interpersonal relationship
5899:10.1027/1016-9040/a000278
5132:10.1177/00220221221088934
5085:The Journal of Psychology
5066:10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.231
4988:10.1016/j.avb.2006.05.002
4949:10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.009
4542:Bartholomew, Kim (1990).
4294:10.1080/00223980009600873
4282:The Journal of Psychology
4183:Interpersonal Development
4030:10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.033
3329:10.1007/s10508-007-9175-2
3019:10.1007/s10902-015-9643-7
2902:10.1080/17439760601069234
2751:"A Little Bit about Love"
2537:10.1177/10888683211025860
2480:Rusbult, Caryl E (1980).
1964:10.1017/9781108645836.014
1890:10.1080/00224490903402520
1695:10.1177/08902070221085877
1456:Gaia, A. Celeste (2002).
1190:10.3109/01612849109058207
1141:Gaia, A. Celeste (2002).
843:Intimate partner violence
610:World Health Organization
587:Intimate partner violence
312:Predictors of dissolution
76:relationship dissolution.
5614:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301113
5563:Journal of Homosexuality
5438:Journal of Homosexuality
5291:10.1177/1066480719852994
5252:10.1177/0146167286123011
4844:10.1177/0886260508314307
4803:"Violence against women"
4560:10.1177/0265407590072001
3830:10.1177/1088868316650307
3726:10.1177/0146167217739264
3469:10.1177/0963721416667444
3407:10.1177/1948550615616462
3368:10.1177/0265407511431185
3251:10.1177/0963721418806690
3085:10.1177/2167702615611073
2831:10.1177/2167696817711766
2647:10.1177/1948550617722834
2258:10.1177/0265407512463338
2219:10.1177/0265407591082004
2042:10.1177/0003122412448050
1646:. Relationship science.
1489:"Mate evaluation theory"
1370:Miller, Rowland (2022).
863:Outline of relationships
838:Interpersonal attraction
756:Non-monogamy, including
701:relationship recognition
480:Trier Social Stress Test
362:Psychological well-being
148:Interpersonal attraction
67:interpersonal attraction
5411:10.1023/A:1014026111486
4910:Oxford Handbooks Online
4276:Cramer, Duncan (2000).
1878:Journal of Sex Research
1599:Feingold, Alan (1988).
1351:www.psychologytoday.com
828:Human mating strategies
459:intracellular signaling
152:Relationship scientists
4745:10.3390/ijerph20053904
4202:Gottman, J.M. (1979).
3570:Psychological Bulletin
3531:Psychological Bulletin
2677:Personal Relationships
1761:Psychological Bulletin
1605:Psychological Bulletin
1532:Psychological Bulletin
1406:Intimate Relationships
1373:Intimate Relationships
725:same-sex marriage bans
506:attachment orientation
380:satisfaction with life
371:
272:
226:online dating services
204:
127:familial relationships
31:
5887:European Psychologist
5821:10.1075/jls.22004.fin
5632:Human Rights Campaign
5450:10.1300/J082v08n02_07
3979:Psychological Science
3641:Psychoneuroimmunology
3313:"Why Humans Have Sex"
2175:García, C.Y. (1998).
1722:Psychological Science
1079:10.4324/9781410610010
898:Same-sex relationship
522:Attachment insecurity
369:
270:
202:
167:Initiation strategies
29:
5079:Rokach, Ami (2023).
3130:Psychological Review
2711:. Psychology Press.
2459:. Psychology Press.
2138:. Psychology Press.
1493:Psychological Review
1073:. Psychology Press.
883:Relationship science
553:socioeconomic status
4470:Terapia psicológica
3761:Addictive behaviors
3274:"Sex and happiness"
2184:Psychology in Spain
2110:Pew Research Center
893:Romantic friendship
231:Pew Research Center
58:variability in the
5330:10.1111/soc4.12016
5279:The Family Journal
3181:10.1111/spc3.12407
2819:Emerging Adulthood
1505:10.1037/rev0000360
1281:Scientific Reports
808:Emotional intimacy
762:open relationships
699:Advances in legal
675:arranged marriages
617:intergenerational
511:couples counseling
453:responses such as
372:
273:
205:
87:Emotional intimacy
32:
5672:10.1002/casp.2203
5318:Sociology Compass
5215:978-94-007-0752-8
4838:(10): 1465–1482.
3985:(11): 1316–1318.
3863:(12): 1377–1384.
3650:978-0-12-088576-3
3053:978-0-19-045229-2
2718:978-1-134-95333-2
2466:978-1-317-82421-3
2325:978-1-108-41985-7
2145:978-1-135-65942-4
2006:10.1037/14344-008
1973:978-1-108-48096-3
1580:978-0-429-02051-3
1442:978-1-4473-0112-7
1415:978-0-393-64025-0
1383:978-1-260-80426-3
1088:978-1-4106-1001-0
964:978-0-631-21228-7
913:Social connection
908:Significant other
903:Sexual attraction
868:Physical intimacy
858:Open relationship
783:Attachment theory
619:cycle of violence
161:Reciprocal liking
92:Physical intimacy
5910:
5903:
5902:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5839:
5833:
5832:
5800:
5794:
5793:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5748:
5740:
5730:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5651:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5489:10.1037/a0029561
5468:
5462:
5461:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4774:
4764:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4700:
4691:
4690:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4627:
4618:
4617:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4409:
4401:
4391:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3953:
3945:
3935:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3792:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3611:
3601:
3582:10.1037/a0031859
3561:
3555:
3554:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3506:
3498:
3488:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3142:10.1037/a0023477
3121:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3013:(3): 1293–1311.
2998:
2992:
2991:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2868:
2860:
2850:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2566:
2556:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1884:(2–3): 171–180.
1869:
1863:
1862:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1806:(5): 1238–1251.
1791:
1785:
1784:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1544:10.1037/a0032432
1523:
1517:
1516:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1468:(3/4): 151–170.
1453:
1447:
1446:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1401:
1388:
1387:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1312:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1153:(3/4): 151–170.
1138:
1132:
1131:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1025:
1016:
1015:
983:
974:
973:
972:
971:
938:
538:fear of intimacy
388:selection effect
5918:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5802:
5801:
5797:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5741:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5653:
5652:
5645:
5636:
5634:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5470:
5469:
5465:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5008:
5007:
5003:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4811:
4809:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4775:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4712:
4710:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4629:
4628:
4621:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4402:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4186:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3946:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3612:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3499:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2861:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2567:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2008:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1384:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1323:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1027:
1026:
1019:
985:
984:
977:
969:
967:
965:
940:
939:
935:
931:
798:Couples therapy
774:
754:
739:
697:
690:
653:. For example,
647:
640:
590:
564:
548:
525:
493:
488:
457:expression and
431:physical health
427:
425:Physical health
418:human sexuality
413:
410:Sexual intimacy
398:
364:
359:
331:
314:
305:
286:
265:
244:
236:dating violence
197:
173:Self-disclosure
169:
145:
140:
135:
83:
22:
21:
20:
12:
11:
5:
5916:
5914:
5905:
5904:
5873:
5834:
5815:(2): 145–172.
5795:
5756:
5705:(2): 757–767.
5685:
5666:(2): 167–180.
5643:
5619:
5608:(2): 339–346.
5588:
5569:(5): 638–653.
5549:
5510:
5483:(5): 669–677.
5463:
5424:
5405:(2): 155–166.
5385:
5366:(1): 405–424.
5343:
5304:
5285:(3): 278–286.
5265:
5246:(3): 363–372.
5226:
5214:
5184:
5165:(4): 289–307.
5145:
5126:(6): 583–602.
5106:
5071:
5060:(2): 231–280.
5040:
5021:(3): 276–286.
5001:
4982:(1): 108–115.
4962:
4943:(6): 611–619.
4923:
4896:
4857:
4818:
4794:
4719:
4692:
4661:
4642:(2): 217–233.
4619:
4608:(1): 391–414.
4588:
4573:
4554:(2): 147–178.
4534:
4515:(3): 510–531.
4495:
4476:(2): 203–212.
4456:
4437:(5): 971–980.
4417:
4346:
4307:
4288:(3): 337–341.
4268:
4211:
4194:
4166:
4147:(3): 253–269.
4127:
4085:
4043:
4004:
3965:
3910:(10): e13309.
3890:
3843:
3824:(3): 228–252.
3804:
3747:
3720:(3): 332–344.
3700:
3661:
3649:
3627:
3576:(1): 140–187.
3556:
3537:(4): 472–503.
3514:
3443:
3420:
3401:(4): 295–302.
3381:
3362:(1): 126–139.
3342:
3323:(4): 477–507.
3303:
3264:
3245:(1): 102–107.
3225:
3194:
3155:
3136:(3): 482–495.
3116:
3079:(4): 691–698.
3059:
3052:
3032:
2993:
2980:10.2307/353867
2974:(2): 527–536.
2954:
2915:
2876:
2825:(3): 172–190.
2805:
2766:
2741:
2724:
2717:
2694:
2683:(3): 377–390.
2660:
2641:(6): 631–644.
2621:
2602:(4): 631–637.
2582:
2531:(4): 317–343.
2511:
2492:(2): 172–186.
2472:
2465:
2445:
2434:(4): 243–257.
2414:
2395:(4): 185–190.
2375:
2336:
2324:
2302:
2271:
2252:(3): 343–367.
2232:
2213:(2): 217–242.
2193:
2167:
2151:
2144:
2121:
2094:
2055:
2036:(4): 523–547.
2016:
1984:
1972:
1942:
1929:10.2307/349537
1923:(4): 412–420.
1903:
1864:
1845:(6): 709–722.
1825:
1786:
1767:(3): 457–475.
1747:
1728:(4): 317–319.
1708:
1689:(3): 276–312.
1669:
1630:
1611:(2): 226–235.
1591:
1579:
1557:
1538:(3): 623–665.
1518:
1499:(1): 211–241.
1479:
1448:
1441:
1421:
1414:
1389:
1382:
1362:
1338:
1266:
1247:(2): 246–259.
1227:
1203:
1164:
1133:
1094:
1087:
1059:
1040:(3): 576–593.
1017:
998:(1): 383–411.
975:
963:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
773:
770:
753:
748:
738:
733:
721:social support
717:discrimination
696:
691:
689:
683:
679:love marriages
655:cross-cultural
646:
641:
639:
636:
589:
584:
563:
558:
547:
542:
524:
519:
492:
489:
487:
484:
463:social support
435:cardiovascular
426:
423:
412:
407:
397:
395:Social support
392:
363:
360:
358:
355:
330:
327:
313:
310:
304:
299:
285:
282:
264:
261:
243:
240:
196:
193:
189:hookup culture
168:
165:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
82:
79:
44:interdependent
23:
18:User:A.mollusk
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5915:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5838:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5799:
5796:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5760:
5757:
5752:
5746:
5738:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5689:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5592:
5589:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5553:
5550:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5514:
5511:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5467:
5464:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5324:(2): 97–110.
5323:
5319:
5315:
5308:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5269:
5266:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5227:
5217:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5185:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5149:
5146:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5072:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5054:Partner Abuse
5051:
5044:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5005:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4966:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4924:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4900:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4871:FP essentials
4868:
4861:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4819:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4723:
4720:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4665:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4577:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4535:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4198:
4195:
4184:
4180:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3662:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2111:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2075:(2): 91–115.
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1363:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
980:
976:
966:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
937:
934:
928:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
823:Human bonding
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:
767:
763:
759:
752:
749:
747:
745:
737:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
712:
711:non-monogamy.
707:
702:
695:
692:
687:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
656:
652:
645:
642:
637:
635:
632:
628:
624:
620:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:psychological
595:
588:
585:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
562:
559:
557:
554:
546:
543:
541:
539:
534:
529:
523:
520:
518:
516:
512:
507:
501:
499:
490:
485:
483:
481:
476:
472:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
424:
422:
419:
411:
408:
406:
403:
396:
393:
391:
389:
385:
384:mental health
381:
377:
368:
361:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:embarrassment
336:
328:
326:
323:
319:
311:
309:
303:
300:
298:
294:
291:
283:
281:
279:
269:
262:
260:
256:
254:
250:
241:
239:
237:
232:
227:
223:
219:
213:
211:
201:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
164:
162:
156:
153:
149:
142:
137:
132:
130:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
96:holding hands
93:
88:
80:
78:
77:
73:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
28:
19:
5893:(1): 55–71.
5890:
5886:
5876:
5851:
5847:
5837:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5773:
5769:
5759:
5745:cite journal
5702:
5698:
5688:
5663:
5659:
5635:. Retrieved
5631:
5622:
5605:
5601:
5591:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5527:
5523:
5513:
5480:
5476:
5466:
5444:(2): 51–65.
5441:
5437:
5427:
5402:
5398:
5388:
5363:
5359:
5321:
5317:
5307:
5282:
5278:
5268:
5243:
5239:
5229:
5219:, retrieved
5197:
5187:
5162:
5158:
5148:
5123:
5119:
5109:
5084:
5074:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5018:
5014:
5004:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4909:
4899:
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5221:2023-11-21
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2011:2023-11-17
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1356:2023-11-10
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561:Infidelity
513:, consult
486:Challenges
322:cohabiting
263:Commitment
249:compromise
143:Attraction
123:friendship
52:monogamous
5868:2352-250X
5829:2211-3770
5790:2352-250X
5719:1573-2800
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5583:0091-8369
5544:2352-250X
5530:: 29–38.
5497:1939-1293
5458:0091-8369
5419:0047-2891
5380:0066-4308
5338:1751-9020
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5260:0146-1672
5179:1751-3057
5140:0022-0221
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4957:1359-1789
4883:2161-9344
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4366:: 19–24.
4341:0194-472X
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3695:0149-7634
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3150:1939-1471
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2910:1743-9760
2839:2167-6968
2800:2352-250X
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2370:2352-250X
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2291:: 29–33.
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2089:2380-8985
2050:0003-1224
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1859:0146-1672
1820:0022-3514
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1742:0956-7976
1703:0890-2070
1664:2352-250X
1625:1939-1455
1552:1939-1455
1513:1939-1471
1474:0278-2308
1301:2045-2322
1261:0149-7634
1198:0161-2840
1159:0278-2308
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1054:0022-2445
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788:Boyfriend
758:polyamory
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