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484:, were found. They were originally made at the Temple of Athena in Argos, but were given to the Athenian Treasury as a mark of respect. Due to Athens being a super power at the time, many city-states paid them for protection. The treasury was not only an offering to the gods, but a statement of their power showing off armors, statuettes, and other pottery. Votive offerings were often given after a great win, a prayer, or a funeral piece. These offerings were given by all Greeks to the gods in a sign of worship. Having separate treasuries allowed Athens to show more of their prominent victories and achievements, establishing their identity as a people and also to show the rest of Greece that they were elites in the hierarchy.
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455: along its south side only, and that this ledge helps to support the Marathon base. In other words, the plan of the Treasury takes the base into account from the earliest phase of construction. The two structures are thus integral, and both must date after the battle of Marathon in 490 BCE. With this archaeological datum, the chronology of the Athenian treasury must be considered settled. Pausanias was correct.”
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It is debated to have an earlier construction date due to the late archaic style used for the architecture. The Doric style was modeled after the use of wood to create structures. The paintings inside the treasury were dated back to the 480's BCE making specialists believe construction started before
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at the time of conception. The labors of
Theseus began in order to claim the thrown as he travels through the six entrances to the underworld. Each labor is depicted in the form of a metope, his strength metaphorically showing Athenian prowess on the international stage that was Greece at the time.
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This
Treasury held and displayed the votive offerings dedicated to the god Apollo at Delphi. The amount of dedications given would determine the power, range, and existence of the god. The treasury would house and protect the most durable offerings and also precious offerings that could withstand
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at the time was the second most mentioned and decorated hero to appear in Athens.Athens wanted to be seen as related not just to their own personal hero
Theseus but connect him to Herakles as a relation to the gods. Each metope contains a single deed done by each hero as they tried to reach their
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but were buried in votive pits once they were found to no longer be practical to display.The offerings would get more elaborate with the status of the
Athenians, especially after winning a war in which they thought Apollo had showed them favor. A panhellenic sanctuary was open for all of the
549:
time.The
Athenian Treasury is one of the more elaborate treasuries to show the prosperity of Athens. The dedications belonged to Apollo and were not allowed to leave the sanctuary. The offerings stay within the
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and the Bull of
Marathon shows how the Athenians tried to tie the win to their divine right to be the head polis and rule over the others. This also tied their mythology more closely to their reality.
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city-states. The
Athenians took this chance to display their civic pride and prosperity to not only the other city-states but to the gods and show them that they deserved their favor.
251:. This is the earliest surviving juxtaposition of the two. Many of these metopes were found in the surrounding area and it is disputed on the order to which they would have appeared.
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Metope from the southern side of the
Treasury of Athenians at Delphi. Theseus and Antiope. Theseus battling with the Queen of Amazons, around 500 BC. Archaeological Museum of Delphi.
243: of the treasury are 67 cm tall and 62–64 cm wide, nine along the long sides (north and south) and six along the short (east and west), depicted the labors of
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notes that “on a purely archaeological, architectural and stylistic grounds the
Treasury has appeared to many scholars to date around 500 BCE, and some would put it earlier.”
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making him look very similar to
Herakles. The metopes also draw parallels between the two heroes with the bull to which Herakles captured as his seventh labor from
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goal. This put the polis-hero on equal level to Herakles even including a later version of Theseus that occurred after 460 BCE when Theseus used his club against
504:. After the battle, the spoils of war were used to either create or upgrade the treasury and store many of the other spoils as gifts to the gods. The metope of
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show Athenian identity and how they viewed their enemies both foreign or domestic. This treasury was different because it belonged to one city-state in a
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The platform upon which the treasury stands has a prominent inscription on its south face; it is dated internally to post-490 BCE.
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The main characters of the metopes are from common Athenian mythology showing these heroes undergo their many trials. The
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occurred in 490 BCE between the Persians and the Athenians. It was a decisive blow against
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1069:"Apollo, Helios, and the Solstices in the Athenian, Delphian, and Delian Calendars"
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for all visitors to view the Athenian treasury on the way up to the sanctuary.
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which compare their victory to mythology. By using the founder of Athens
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Understanding Greek sculpture : ancient meanings, modern readings
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The Athenians dedicated this to Apollo as first-fruits from the
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942:(2nd ed ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell.
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417:”. This means that a date later than 490 BCE, after the
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695:"The Athenian Treasury at Delphi and the Material of Politics"
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which later Theseus captures and sacrifices to Apollo/Athena.
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The Role of the Athenian Treasury at a Panhellenic Sanctuary
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Theseus was the mythical king of Athens and its founder.
734:"Observations sur les sculptures du Trésor des Athéniens"
443:, referencing excavations from 1989 (summarized by
1018:"Herakles, Theseus and the Athenian Treasury at Delphi"
765:"The Metopes of the Athenian Treasury as Works of Art"
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The Eye of Greece : studies in the art of Athens
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801:"The Athenian Treasury as Dated by Its Ornament"
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1111:"Delphi: The Bellybutton of the Ancient World"
610:: Doric anta capital at the Athenian Treasury.
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447: in 1998), advocates for the later date:
367:ΑΘΕΝΑΙΟΙ ΤΙ ΑΠΟΛΛΟΝΟΝ ΑΚΙΝΙΑ ΤΕΣ ΜΑΡΑΘΝΙ ΜΣ.
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159:: Θησαυρός των Αθηναίων) at
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297:Theseus and the Bull of Marathon
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833:A., Barletta, Barbara (2001).
595:: Characteristic shape of the
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1016:den, Hoff, Ralf von (2009).
693:Neer, Richard (2004-04-01).
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310:Heroklean metopes include:
203:city-states of Greece. The
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109:9.75 metres (32.0 ft)
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711:10.1525/ca.2004.23.1.63
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91:502 BCE to post-470 BCE
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169:Apollo
161:Delphi
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538:Crete
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269:Sinis
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