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1818:. In particular if every voter knows that "A or B are the two most-likely to win" and places their "approval threshold" between the two, then the Condorcet winner, if one exists and is in the set {A,B}, will always win. These systems also satisfy the majority criterion in the weaker sense that any majority can force their candidate to win, if it so desires. (However, as the Condorcet criterion is incompatible with the participation criterion and the consistency criterion, these systems cannot satisfy these criteria in this Nash-equilibrium sense. Laslier, J.-F. (2006) 1949:
meets reversal symmetry; but if the lower one is taken, it does not, because a candidate with would beat a candidate with with or without reversal. However, for rounding methods which do not meet reversal symmetry, the chances of breaking it are on the order of the inverse of the number of voters; this is comparable with the probability of an exact tie in a two-candidate race, and when there's a tie, any method can break reversal symmetry.
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such that it votes at least one candidate each at the top and bottom possible ratings. In this case, Range would not be independent of irrelevant alternatives. Balinski M. and R. Laraki (2007) «A theory of measuring, electing and ranking». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, vol. 104, no. 21, 8720-8725.
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Random ballot: Uniformly random-chosen ballot determines winner. This and closely related systems are of mathematical interest because they are the only possible systems which are truly strategy-free, that is, your best vote will never depend on anything about the other voters. They also satisfy both
2045:
For up to 4 candidates, SODA is monotonic. For more than 4 candidates, it is monotonic for adding an approval, for changing from an approval to a delegation ballot, and for changes in a candidate's preferences. However, if changes in a voter's preferences are executed as changes from a delegation to
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Approval and Plurality do not allow later preferences. Technically speaking, this means that they pass the technical definition of the LNH criteria - if later preferences or ratings are impossible, then such preferences can not help or harm. However, from the perspective of a voter, these systems do
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For up to 4 candidates, SODA meets the Participation, IIA, and Cloneproof criteria. It can fail these criteria in certain rare cases with more than 4 candidates. This is considered here as a qualified success for the Consistency and Participation criteria, which do not intrinsically have to do with
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Vol. 4, No. 3 (1987), pp. 185–206.) There is some disagreement about how to extend it to unranked methods, and this disagreement affects whether approval and range voting are considered independent of clones. If the definition of "clones" is that "every voter scores them within ±ε in the
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My first language is English, I speak Spanish fluently (though not perfectly), and I have some understanding of French, Kaqchikel, and Tzotzil. I live in Guatemala. I feel qualified to contribute to Knowledge (XXG) (though not a true expert) in high-energy physics (standard model), neurolinguistics
2070:
SODA voting passes reversal symmetry for all scenarios that are reversible under SODA; that is, if each delegated ballot has a unique last choice. In other situations, it is not clear what it would mean to reverse the ballots, but there is always some possible interpretation under which SODA would
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Range satisfies the mathematical definition of IIA, that is, if each voter scores each candidate independently of which other candidates are in the race. However, since a given range score has no agreed-upon meaning, it is thought that most voters would either "normalize" or exaggerate their vote
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Majority judgment can actually pass or fail reversal symmetry depending on the rounding method used to find the median when there are even numbers of voters. For instance, in a two-candidate, two-voter race, if the ratings are converted to numbers and the two central ratings are averaged, then MJ
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Balinski and Laraki, Majority Judgment's inventors, point out that it meets a weaker criterion they call "grade consistency": if two electorates give the same rating for a candidate, then so will the combined electorate. Majority Judgment explicitly requires that ratings be expressed in a "common
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Bucklin voting, with skipped and equal-rankings allowed, meets the same criteria as Majority Judgment; in fact, Majority Judgment may be considered a form of Bucklin voting. Without allowing equal rankings, Bucklin's criteria compliance is worse; in particular, it fails Independence of Irrelevant
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language", that is, that each rating have an absolute meaning. They claim that this is what makes "grade consistency" significant. MJ. Balinski M. and R. Laraki (2007) «A theory of measuring, electing and ranking». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, vol. 104, no. 21, 8720-8725.
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Random winner: Uniformly randomly chosen candidate is winner. Arbitrary winner: some external entity, not a voter, chooses the winner. These systems are not, properly speaking, voting systems at all, but are included to show that even a horrible system can still pass some of the
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In Approval, Range, and Majority Judgment, if all voters have perfect information about each other's true preferences and use rational strategy, any Majority Condorcet or Majority winner will be strategically forced – that is, win in the unique
36:(and related), mesoamerica (mayan) history and current events, and voting systems, as well as translating and general editing. You could find out my real name if you wanted to, and I don't mind, but please don't use it here on Knowledge (XXG). 2080:
SODA voting is always polytime computable. There are some cases where the optimal strategy for a candidate assigning delegated votes may not be polytime computable; however, such cases are entirely implausible for a real-world
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Majority judgment meets a related, weaker criterion: ranking an additional candidate below the median grade (rather than your own grade) of your favorite candidate, cannot harm your favorite.
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rating or ranking. Thus, for approval, the practically meaningful criterion would be not "later-no-harm" but "same-no-harm" - something neither approval nor any other system satisfies.
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cannot win. However, if some of the losses are not by a majority (including equal-rankings), the Condorcet loser can, theoretically, win in MJ, although such scenarios are rare.
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These criteria assume that all voters vote their true preference order. This is problematic for Approval and Range, where various votes are consistent with the same order. See
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Each prospective Kemeny-Young ordering has score equal to the sum of the pairwise entries that agree with it, and so the best ordering can be found using the pairwise matrix.
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consistency and IIA, which is impossible for a deterministic ranked system. However, this system is not generally considered as a serious proposal for a practical method.
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Since at the time of assigning approvals on delegated votes there is always enough information to find an optimum strategy, candidates are assumed to use such a strategy.
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Ballots only are considered (In other words, voters are assumed not to have preferences that cannot be expressed by a delegated or approval vote.)
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A variant of Minimax that counts only pairwise opposition, not opposition minus support, fails the Condorcet criterion and meets later-no-harm.
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Later preferences are only possible through delegation, that is, if they agree with the predeclared preferences of the favorite.
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applied only to ranked voting methods. (T. Nicolaus Tideman, "Independence of clones as a criterion for voting rules",
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Majority judgment passes the "majority condorcet loser" criterion; that is, a candidate who loses to all others by a
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is busy and is going to be on Knowledge (XXG) in off-and-on doses, and may not respond swiftly to queries.
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Majority Judgment is summable at order KN, where K, the number of ranking categories, is set beforehand.
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Alternatives, which for a ranked method like this variant is incompatible with the Majority Criterion.
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Delegated votes are considered to be equivalent to voting the candidate's predeclared preferences.
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Later preferences are only possible between the two candidates who make it to the second round.
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numerous candidates, and as a qualified failure for the IIA and Cloneproof criteria, which do.
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majority criterion (a candidate rated solo-top by a majority must win). It does not pass the
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an approval ballot, such changes are not necessarily monotonic with more than 4 candidates.
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majority criterion, which is incompatible with Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives.
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not pass these criteria. Approval, in particular, encourages the voter to give the
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ballot rating to a candidate who, in another voting system, would get a
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That is, second-round votes cannot harm candidates already eliminated.
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The number of piles that can be summed from various precincts is
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limit ε→0+", then range voting is immune to clones.
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No. 405 (Marseille, France: Institut D'Economie Publique).)
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(then crowds) 64:You showed support for the 2143: 1843:Social Choice and Welfare 50:This user is a member of 71:es:JoaquĂ­n Torres GarcĂ­a 1816:Strong Nash equilibrium 749:Majority Judg­ment 53:WikiProject Mesoamerica 1998:Once for each round. 1532:Up to 4 candidates 2071:pass the criterion. 1823:IDEP Working Papers 147:Particip­ation 123:Majority Condorcet 1777: 1773: 1772: 1584:arbitrary winner 1511:Ambig­uous 1430: 1221: 689: 475: 142:Consist­ency 60: 59: 33: 32: 2134: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2068: 2062: 2058: 2047: 2043: 2037: 2023: 2017: 2014: 2008: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1956: 1950: 1946: 1940: 1936: 1930: 1923: 1917: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1874: 1868: 1856: 1847: 1835: 1826: 1811: 1796: 1789: 1775: 1768: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1685: 1672: 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1631: 1625: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1573: 1567: 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1027: 1017: 1011: 1005: 999: 993: 987: 979: 967: 961: 960: 954: 946: 940: 939:Some variants 934: 928: 922: 912: 906: 900: 894: 888: 882: 874: 862: 856: 855: 849: 841: 833: 827: 821: 815: 809: 803: 797: 791: 785: 779: 773: 771:Strategic yes 759: 751: 745: 744: 738: 730: 724: 718: 712: 700: 690: 677: 671: 665: 659: 653: 645: 637: 631: 630: 624: 616: 610: 604: 598: 592: 586: 580: 574: 568: 560: 554: 546: 538: 531: 530: 524: 516: 510: 504: 498: 486: 476: 463: 457: 451: 445: 439: 433: 427: 421: 420: 414: 406: 400: 394: 388: 382: 372: 366: 360: 354: 348: 342: 334: 326: 320: 319: 313: 308: 302: 296: 290: 284: 278: 272: 266: 260: 254: 248: 234: 226: 220: 219: 210: 201: 193: 189:Equal rankings 187: 184:Summ­able 181: 173:Poly­time 170: 164: 158: 155:sym­metry 153:Rever­sal 150: 139: 136:Mono­tone 133: 125: 115: 107:Major­ity 104: 62: 58: 57: 48: 38: 31: 30: 24: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2139: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2106: 2103: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2084: 2077: 2074: 2067: 2064: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2042: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2013: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1945: 1942: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1837:The original 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1680: 1679:Random ballot 1677: 1676: 1581: 1580:Random winner 1578: 1577: 1494:Strategic yes 1481: 1478: 1477: 1468: 1428: 1393: 1385: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1364: 1331: 1292: 1280: 1272: 1271:Runoff voting 1269: 1268: 1259: 1219: 1184: 1176: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1155: 1123:Ambig.­ 1119: 1082: 1073: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1025: 986: 974: 966: 963: 962: 953: 920: 881: 869: 861: 858: 857: 840: 767: 758: 750: 747: 746: 737: 698: 687: 652: 644: 636: 633: 632: 623: 567: 553: 545: 536: 533: 532: 523: 484: 473: 426: 423: 422: 413: 380: 341: 333: 325: 322: 321: 283:Ambig.­ 279: 273: 246:Strategic yes 242: 233: 227: 225: 222: 221: 218: 211: 208:Later-no-help 205: 204:Later-no-harm 194: 188: 185: 182: 179: 174: 171: 168: 165: 162: 159: 156: 151: 148: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 126: 124: 119: 116: 113: 108: 105: 103: 102: 99: 97: 96:voting system 91: 90: 86: 84: 83: 77: 73: 72: 67: 55: 54: 49: 46: 42: 41: 37: 28: 25: 22: 18: 17: 2105: 2095: 2086: 2076: 2066: 2041: 2021: 2012: 2003: 1994: 1984: 1963: 1954: 1944: 1934: 1926: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1894: 1885: 1872: 1864: 1860: 1842: 1822: 1774: 1167:Ranked pairs 1064:Range voting 635:Kemeny-Young 603:O(N!)­ 212: 122: 93: 87: 80: 69: 68:. This week 63: 51: 34: 26: 1480:SODA voting 1344:O(N)­ 820:O(N)­ 717:O(N)­ 324:Borda count 167:Cloneproof 2100:criteria. 2081:election. 965:Plurality 118:Condorcet 2121:Category 1927:majority 1562:Limited 1330:spoilers 1024:spoilers 919:spoilers 483:crowding 425:Copeland 224:Approval 217:betrayal 215:favorite 1376:Schulze 1084:/­ 860:Minimax 769:/­ 697:teaming 379:teaming 244:/­ 206:­/ 199:allowed 191:allowed 1914:ranked 213:FBC:No 27:Homunq 1910:rated 1878:floor 1865:later 1746:O(N) 1650:O(1) 1550:O(N) 1544:Yes 1526:Yes 1448:O(N) 1425:(but 1239:O(N) 1216:(but 1135:O(N) 1038:O(N) 933:O(N) 684:(but 537:(AV) 503:O(N) 470:(but 393:O(N) 295:O(N) 197:prefs 195:Later 130:loser 128:Cond. 1861:same 1769:Yes 1728:Yes 1722:Yes 1716:Yes 1710:Yes 1704:Yes 1673:Yes 1626:Yes 1620:Yes 1574:Yes 1568:Yes 1556:Yes 1505:Yes 1487:Yes 1460:Yes 1454:Yes 1442:Yes 1436:Yes 1427:ISDA 1417:Yes 1405:Yes 1399:Yes 1338:Yes 1328:No ( 1298:Yes 1251:Yes 1245:Yes 1233:Yes 1227:Yes 1218:ISDA 1208:Yes 1196:Yes 1190:Yes 1161:Yes 1147:Yes 1141:Yes 1129:Yes 1117:Yes 1111:Yes 1105:Yes 1099:Yes 1032:Yes 1022:No ( 1004:Yes 998:Yes 945:Yes 927:Yes 917:No ( 893:Yes 854:Yes 832:Yes 826:Yes 814:Yes 808:Yes 802:Yes 784:Yes 729:Yes 723:Yes 695:No ( 686:ISDA 676:Yes 664:Yes 658:Yes 615:Yes 597:Yes 591:Yes 559:Yes 515:Yes 509:Yes 481:No ( 472:ISDA 462:Yes 450:Yes 444:Yes 438:Yes 432:Yes 405:Yes 387:Yes 377:No ( 365:Yes 359:Yes 353:Yes 347:Yes 318:Yes 301:Yes 289:Yes 271:Yes 265:Yes 259:Yes 1758:No 1752:No 1735:Yes 1698:No 1692:No 1686:No 1662:No 1656:No 1639:Yes 1632:NA 1614:No 1608:NA 1602:No 1596:No 1590:No 1518:Yes 1498:yes 1474:No 1423:No 1411:No 1392:Yes 1384:Yes 1370:No 1363:Yes 1356:No 1350:No 1322:No 1316:No 1310:No 1304:No 1279:Yes 1265:No 1214:No 1202:No 1183:Yes 1175:Yes 1093:No 1058:No 1050:No 1044:No 1016:No 1010:No 992:No 973:Yes 959:No 911:No 905:No 899:No 887:No 880:Yes 868:Yes 847:Yes 796:No 790:No 778:No 757:Yes 743:No 710:Yes 682:No 670:No 651:Yes 643:Yes 629:No 622:Yes 609:No 585:No 579:No 573:No 544:Yes 535:IRV 529:No 492:Yes 468:No 456:No 419:No 399:No 371:No 307:No 253:No 161:IIA 112:MMC 2123:: 2051:^ 1972:^ 1851:^ 1830:^ 1800:^ 1784:^ 1739:No 1643:No 1467:No 1332:) 1291:No 1283:No 1258:No 1154:No 1081:No 1072:No 1026:) 985:No 977:No 952:No 921:) 872:No 839:No 766:No 736:No 706:No 699:) 566:No 552:No 522:No 496:No 485:) 412:No 381:) 340:No 332:No 241:No 78:. 1767:1 1762:5 1756:5 1750:5 1744:1 1737:/ 1732:3 1726:1 1720:1 1714:1 1708:1 1702:1 1696:5 1690:5 1684:5 1671:1 1666:5 1660:5 1654:5 1648:0 1641:/ 1636:3 1630:5 1624:1 1618:1 1612:5 1606:5 1600:5 1594:5 1588:5 1582:/ 1572:1 1566:3 1560:4 1554:1 1548:1 1542:1 1536:4 1530:4 1524:1 1515:2 1509:2 1503:1 1496:/ 1491:2 1485:1 1472:5 1464:5 1458:1 1452:1 1446:2 1440:1 1434:1 1429:) 1421:4 1415:1 1409:5 1403:1 1397:1 1389:1 1381:1 1368:5 1360:2 1354:4 1348:5 1342:2 1336:1 1326:5 1320:5 1314:5 1308:5 1302:5 1296:1 1288:5 1281:/ 1276:2 1263:5 1255:5 1249:1 1243:1 1237:2 1231:1 1225:1 1220:) 1212:4 1206:1 1200:5 1194:1 1188:1 1180:1 1172:1 1159:1 1151:5 1145:1 1139:1 1133:1 1127:1 1121:3 1115:2 1109:1 1103:2 1097:1 1091:5 1077:4 1069:5 1056:5 1048:5 1042:5 1036:1 1030:1 1020:5 1014:5 1008:5 1002:1 996:1 990:5 982:5 975:/ 970:2 957:5 949:4 943:1 937:3 931:2 925:1 915:5 909:5 903:5 897:5 891:1 885:5 877:2 870:/ 865:2 852:1 844:1 836:3 830:1 824:1 818:1 812:1 806:1 800:2 794:4 788:4 782:1 776:4 762:4 754:1 741:5 733:5 727:1 721:1 715:2 708:/ 703:3 693:5 688:) 680:4 674:1 668:5 662:1 656:1 648:1 640:1 627:5 619:1 613:1 607:5 601:5 595:1 589:1 583:5 577:5 571:5 563:5 557:1 549:5 541:1 527:5 519:5 513:1 507:1 501:2 494:/ 489:3 479:5 474:) 466:4 460:1 454:5 448:1 442:1 436:1 430:1 417:5 409:5 403:1 397:5 391:1 385:1 375:5 369:5 363:1 357:1 351:1 345:1 337:5 329:5 316:1 311:4 305:5 299:1 293:1 287:1 281:3 275:3 269:1 263:2 257:1 251:5 237:4 229:3 175:/ 144:/ 120:/ 109:/ 56:.

Index



WikiProject Mesoamerica
Spanish Translation of the Week
es:JoaquĂ­n Torres GarcĂ­a
JoaquĂ­n Torres GarcĂ­a/Translation
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voting system
Major­ity
MMC
Condorcet
Cond.
loser

Mono­tone
Consist­ency
Particip­ation
Rever­sal
sym­metry

IIA
Cloneproof
Poly­time
Resolv­able
Summ­able
Later-no-harm
Approval
Ambig­uous
No
Borda count
No
No
teaming

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