Knowledge (XXG)

User:JimmyBlackwing/Sourcing video game articles

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107:. If you plan to write a video game-related article, you won't be able to rely on archivists and historians to dig up and parse reliable sources for you. Nine times out of ten, you'll have to do it yourself. And that involves learning how to use the Internet for more than superficial research. Boatloads of online and print sources are out there—if you know how to find them. This essay will give you, in less than half an hour, what it took me over five years to learn about sourcing video game articles. 90:, and so important video game coverage was put online—only to be scattered by decades of website redesigns and closures. Second, video games' long-standing reputation as a niche pastime has meant that, until recently, little effort has been made to preserve historical materials related to the medium. Third, very few historians have cared to study and document video games. In short, you probably won't be able to read up on 31: 1116:
results for currently-live material, so you'll have to do detective work with the Wayback Machine to find the original sites. Look for dead URLs on fan forums or on news sites like IGN—places like that typically link to official sites whenever they're created, and to fan sites whenever they do something noteworthy.
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Sometimes, a key source simply isn't available. An old magazine isn't online and isn't up for purchase. An important webpage hasn't been archived in the Wayback Machine and isn't accessible via mirror. What do you do? Use the other sources you've found to write the best article you can, and hope that
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Two great tools for filling in your sources. Type in a few variations of your search (e.g. "halo combat evolved", "halo bungie", "halo xbox 2001") to maximize your results. If Google turns up interesting results but doesn't provide a book preview, you can generally access the source elsewhere online
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One of the most niche and idiosyncratic collections of magazine odds and ends on the web, Roushimsx's scan archive contains thousands of pages (including full magazines in .CBZ format) from a wide variety of publications. It's messy and its scope begins and ends with Roushimsx's personal interests,
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Solid sources exist for just about any subject you can imagine, but there's no single way to find them. The above is what I've learned about the process so far. I'll be updating this page whenever I discover or remember more sourcing tools. Hopefully, what you've read here will make sourcing video
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A regularly-updated archive of Commodore magazines, whose coverage overlaps heavily with that of the Internet Archive. However, DLH's library has an unrivaled assortment of books and manuals related to Commodore games and systems—it's truly incredible. The go-to for anyone working in the Commodore
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One of the best online archives of magazines related to '80s and early '90s computer games, but it contains a few articles about console games from that period as well. Type in a game's title and you'll be given a comprehensive list of the magazines that covered it, often with scans. Even if scans
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One of the most underappreciated research projects I've come across. PC Games Database is a sweeping, comprehensive catalog of reviews by German game publications, online and off. It's hard to overstate how useful this site is for locating reviews of German games, or of games released in Germany,
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The premier source for adventure game coverage, Adventure Gamers has come a long way since it started over two decades ago. Its owners are pretty meticulous when it comes to preserving and indexing old material back to 2003, but the archives get spotty before that. Don't neglect to check its old
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It's usually not too difficult to find tools like these. Try a few Google searches likely to bring up what you need (e.g. "origin systems magazine scans", "lucasarts fansite") and go from there. With official or fan sites that have gone offline, things are more difficult. Google only brings up
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Video game manuals and other pack-in materials are invaluable sources, and Replacementdocs once had the biggest digitized collection of them anywhere. Unfortunately, all of its download links have been offline for several years. This is a blow to game history, but I leave the link here in case
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Everyone knows IGN. The site's been covering games since the late '90s, and, unlike most other sites of its kind, it rarely loses content. In recent years, though, its redesigns have made older articles cumbersome to access and harder to cite reliably. While IGN still has a huge number of
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has been compiling searchable, cover-to-cover PDFs of old computer magazines. This library overlaps a bit with the Amiga Magazine Rack and Abandonware France—so AF citations, and unscanned pages from the AMR, can often manually be tracked down here. For example, the AMR has an unscanned
119:? Is your subject old or recent? Do you need a contemporaneous or a retrospective source? Should it cover cultural impact or the inner workings of a company? Without specifics, you'll have no efficient method for locating your source, and you'll be reduced to aimless Googling. 988:
and similar services provide searchable archives of general-interest newspapers and magazines. They're irreplaceable research tools, especially for articles on older (pre-2000s) subjects. If you don't have a subscription to one of them, request help from someone who does at
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to retrieve it. This gives me numerous interviews with the team, and a hub for all news related to the game—including links to other long-dead sites, which I couldn't have found otherwise. I expand the Development section by looking up issues of print magazines, such as
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subsection. Here you'll find weekly, monthly and annual sales rankings for video games across multiple decades and countries—crucial information when it comes to covering a game's commercial performance. I maintain this page and periodically expand it from my own
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Most people don't venture past page five of a Google search. When things are really dire, I've found myself past page 30, 40 or 50. Mindless Googling is, in general, hugely inefficient; but it can be the only option. I used it to cite the Reception section of
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often posted their print material online, only to take it down later. That problem is solved by the Wayback Machine. The OPA is a collection of Wayback links to the reviews and site indexes of print magazines. From there, you can find a direct link to the
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Simply put, if you know what you need, you can locate the proper research tools by a process of elimination. If I'm working on an article about a 1995 video game, I don't look for contemporaneous material on IGN and GameSpot; I pick up an issue of
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A site that's fallen far since its glory days in the early '00s. Technically defunct since 2013, it's still live in some form. However, even more than GameSpot, a lot of GameSpy's best material is only in the Wayback Machine. For example: their
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A solid collection of (mostly) '80s magazines related to Atari consoles and computers. Overlaps a bit with the Internet Archive's libraries. Unfortunately, its PDFs don't appear to be searchable, so go with the Internet Archive if you have the
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You've tried all of the above, but you still don't have enough material. Worse, tools like fansites and Google Books have turned up mentions of key sources—but you can't access them. I've been there. Here are some of the desperate measures.
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old features archive. (Note: GameSpot sometimes used a scroll-and-select menu, which is now broken. To access the articles in it, view the page source, search for a key word and manually copy/paste the relevant link into the Wayback
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If WikiProject Video games' reference library doesn't have the magazine(s) you need, you aren't out of options. You simply need to expand your search off-site. Here are some of the top webpages dedicated to preserving old magazines:
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Once you've identified the type of source you need, it's time to find a research tool. What follows is a list of the research tools I've found and/or used in my time on Knowledge (XXG), along with advice on how to locate your own.
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subpage—and behold as magazine coverage, across multiple languages, is cited down to the page number for your research pleasure. These can then be located via other archives. The indexes have gaps, but they're a great starting
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This foreign-language site is a breathtaking resource for finding manuals and scans. It covers thousands of games from the pre-2000 era, and it boasts some of the best press material indexes out there. Search for a game like
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By far the most intuitive magazine archive related to Sega's early years. Simply browse the game directory and select a title—every relevant review and article in the archive will be displayed. Also a good resource for
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The largest-scale online research tool for video games, and the best place to begin your hunt, is WikiProject Video games' own reference library. Type your subject into its search box and hope for the best.
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the lost source comes to light in the future. Game archivism is rapidly getting better, and things have improved so much in my lifetime that the 2000s feel like the Stone Age for this stuff. There's hope!
523:, are available in the Internet Archive but not yet sorted into the proper directories. Get creative and try manual searches if the Internet Archive's directories don't solve your problem automatically.) 86:
is the single most challenging aspect of writing a video game-related article. Several factors have created this problem. First, the mass interest in video games coincided with the early years of the
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This site has become pretty obscure since its closure in 2001, but it's hard to match as a source for computer game news from 1996–2001. At one time, it was a chief rival to GameSpot. Check out its
328:) are also great for digging up previews, news stories and other non-review material. And, if you're looking for a computer game review from between 1980 and 1995, don't forget to check 255: 240: 218: 762: 568:
issue, from 1981 to 2006. It's an incredible tool that I've turned to many times. However, these days, it's been completely superseded by the Internet Archive, where users have
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Another household name from the mid-'90s onward. What you might not know is that much of its best content is available only through the Wayback Machine. For example:
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topics. Never underestimate the power of an official or unofficial site, fan forum or personal blog to collect information on a given subject. For example, fansite
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s manual and strategy guide, which weren't available online, contain swaths of critical information about the game's development. I've also grabbed issues of
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A large but unintuitive collection of various magazines, with many gaps in coverage. It's a pain to use, particularly because most of the files are in the
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project, but this time specifically focused on video game magazines. Although its coverage is spotty, it contains issues from important magazines such as
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It contains the advice or opinions of one or more Knowledge (XXG) contributors. This page is not an encyclopedia article, nor is it one of
100: 47: 907: 1089: 770: 794: 333: 1050:: they cover a broad range of topics at varying levels of depth. But, if you're lucky, you can find even better and deeper tools for 790: 128:. I start by looking for contemporaneous sources to fill out the Development section. The game was released in 2000, and I know that 115:
You should start by asking yourself a series of questions. Are you trying to find material for a game or a company—or a concept like
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These are the best research tools I've found online that are not A) dedicated to scanning print magazines or B) listed in the OPA:
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Many a sourcing crisis can be solved by buying the material you need. For example, I was forced to do this when I discovered that
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Here is a site that's fallen on hard times in recent years. While it's still live, the best of its material is only available
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covered games then. A quick search of those sites nets me several news stories and previews—but I need more. IGN links to
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s issues online. While this cache overlaps to a degree with the Internet Archive's magazine collections, its coverage of
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in another. This makes it hard to predict the contents of each issue, but, luckily, they're all searchable.
319: 233: 847: 609: 601:(1994-2013). Because it doesn't focus on a specific platform, you can read about the production design of 513: 827: 51: 1153: 1148: 903: 564: 151: 61: 797: 1261: 1085: 692:). However, it contains magazines that are impossible to access elsewhere. Consider it a last resort. 906:
page (1999–2001) for lost reviews, previews and interviews. See also my collection of the surviving
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sandbox, where I gather sales rankings in a less organized way and prepare them for public use at
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A final and more recent feature of WikiProject Video games' reference library is the ever-growing
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If your search doesn't return anything, don't despair. The next step is to manually check the
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aren't available, the issue numbers and dates can help you track down sources on other sites.
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Nearly complete after years of growth, Pix's scanning project has brought the majority of
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review, which isn't in the magazine listings or linked directly from the OPA. Go to the
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by contacting a kind stranger on Knowledge (XXG), who'd cited that relevant issue of
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Two side notes. While the OPA is primarily for reviews, many of its indexes (such as
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but those interests are wide enough to make this site an occasional lifesaver.
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for issues around the date you need. For example, if you're looking for the
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contemporaneous and retrospective features, I recommend checking its
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No other video-game-related magazine was as technical or in-depth as
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games, where he often posts magazine scans related to those titles.
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Let's take an example. Suppose that I want to update the article on
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collates key articles about id Software's hit. Check HL Inside's
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review archive, and browse until you find the link you need.
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via the Wayback Machine before you poke around the new site.
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from the Museum website in a cleaner and, most importantly,
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in a position very different from that of, for example,
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game articles easier for you in the future. Good luck.
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in The Computer Magazine Archives without much trouble.
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is more comprehensive than anything else on the web.
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Before you ask anyone for a scan, though, check the
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There's a lot here to dig up. 1100:for material on everything Valve and 7: 607:in one issue and the development of 1062:, and the same could be said about 1227:Wait it out and try something else 449:Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge 258:for material related to the game. 52:thoroughly vetted by the community 24: 256:list of books and strategy guides 1195:Game Design: Theory and Practice 1020:or through a real-world library. 965:from the '90s through the 2010s. 217: 93:Lufia & the Fortress of Doom 29: 1056:The International House of Mojo 1046:The resources listed above are 435:During the last few years, the 311:index in the OPA, click on the 1249:) 17:12, 11 August 2014 (UTC) 1144:British Open Championship Golf 1042:Finding subject-specific tools 783:The Greatest Games of All Time 423:The Computer Magazine Archives 361:Alternative magazine libraries 294:. However, let's say you want 1: 1206:, or even, as a last resort, 1090:Hallfiry's Blizzard fan page 999:Knowledge (XXG):TWL/Journals 550:Computer Gaming World Museum 105:WikiProject Military history 1223:, in one of many examples. 1278: 1072:games. Blogger "Pix" runs 111:What kind of source is it? 82:In my experience, finding 59: 1133:Drop a random request at 1060:LucasArts adventure games 452:in its database, which I 284:Electronic Gaming Monthly 269:Electronic Gaming Monthly 246:Electronic Gaming Monthly 209:Selecting a research tool 176:Electronic Gaming Monthly 161:Escape from Monkey Island 142:Escape from Monkey Island 125:Escape from Monkey Island 1151:fan site; and I got the 1098:behemoth scan collection 699:Roushimsx's scan archive 483:Game and Gamer Magazines 908:1999–2004 news archives 652:DLH's Commodore Archive 321:Computer Games Magazine 101:WikiProject Video games 96:at your local library. 1106:archived official site 926:in the Wayback Machine 793:). Or just browse the 717:Other online resources 688:format (readable with 514:Official Xbox Magazine 267:(OPA). Magazines like 1154:Computer Gaming World 1149:Looking Glass Studios 787:original news archive 657:(Amiga, Commodore 64) 620:Pix's PC Zone Archive 565:Computer Gaming World 530:Digital Press Library 273:Computer Gaming World 152:Computer Gaming World 50:, as it has not been 1086:Sierra Entertainment 957:PC Games Database.de 264:online print archive 1214:Google it—for hours 1120:When all else fails 779:Desslock's RPG News 562:A library of every 372:Amiga Magazine Rack 18:User:JimmyBlackwing 1221:Robbing the Cradle 1108:of a company like 1069:Sonic the Hedgehog 737:older incarnations 686:comic book archive 392:Abandonware France 1190:Richard Rouse III 706: 679: 659: 627: 590: 570:uploaded all PDFs 557: 537: 490: 470: 430: 411:and click on its 399: 379: 326:s article archive 241:magazine listings 117:emergent gameplay 80: 79: 1269: 1183: 1178:Flight Unlimited 938:Eye on Adventure 894:Adventure Gamers 767:Designer Diaries 755:Behind the Games 702: 675: 655: 640: 623: 604:Spyro the Dragon 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914: 913: 909: 905: 900: 899: 896: 895: 891: 890: 886: 882: 878: 875: 871: 870: 867: 866: 862: 861: 857: 856:on their site 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 819: 816: 815: 811: 810: 805: 802: 799: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 751: 748: 747: 743: 742: 738: 733: 732: 729: 728: 724: 723: 722: 716: 710: 709: 705: 704:(All systems) 701: 700: 696: 695: 691: 687: 683: 682: 678: 677:(All systems) 674: 673: 669: 668: 663: 662: 658: 654: 653: 649: 648: 644: 637: 636: 631: 630: 626: 622: 621: 617: 616: 612: 611: 606: 605: 600: 599: 594: 593: 589: 585: 584: 580: 579: 575: 571: 567: 566: 561: 560: 556: 552: 551: 547: 546: 541: 540: 536: 532: 531: 527: 526: 522: 521: 516: 515: 510: 509: 504: 503: 502:Game Informer 498: 494: 493: 489: 485: 484: 480: 479: 474: 473: 469: 465: 464: 460: 459: 455: 451: 450: 445: 444: 438: 434: 433: 429: 425: 424: 420: 419: 414: 410: 409: 403: 402: 398: 397:(All systems) 394: 393: 389: 388: 383: 382: 378: 374: 373: 369: 368: 367: 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And the 1094:Quaddicted 1064:SonicRetro 978:LexisNexis 930:Interviews 852:Dev Corner 824:Interviews 775:Game Index 771:History of 574:searchable 286:review of 157:Metacritic 99:This puts 1236:Good luck 1141:file for 1110:Ion Storm 1102:Half-Life 807:Machine.) 795:different 672:Retromags 610:Half-Life 463:SMS Power 313:1996–2006 292:Dreamcast 182:Anno 1602 1256:Category 1192:'s book 1052:specific 986:NewsBank 942:Articles 885:features 881:previews 840:GameSpin 785:and the 746:GameSpot 495:Another 476:manuals. 355:WP:VG/SC 290:for the 278:PC Gamer 188:PC Games 130:GameSpot 88:Internet 62:Shortcut 1088:games. 1048:general 982:Questia 874:various 814:GameSpy 759:Columns 643:PC Zone 635:PC Zone 576:format. 543:option. 520:GamesTM 508:PC Zone 454:located 337:archive 309:GamePro 297:GamePro 1188:, and 1171:Buy it 1074:a site 936:, the 690:kthoom 665:field. 416:point. 413:Médias 351:charts 335:Dragon 1182:' 804:their 639:' 324:' 301:' 203:first 40:essay 16:< 1247:talk 1202:and 1200:eBay 1066:for 1010:and 883:and 877:news 850:and 511:and 443:Zero 275:and 191:and 132:and 1165:CGW 993:or 791:alt 727:IGN 330:BOZ 173:or 134:IGN 1258:: 1210:. 984:, 980:, 940:, 932:, 879:, 846:, 842:, 838:, 834:, 830:, 826:, 801:of 781:, 777:, 773:, 769:, 765:, 761:, 757:, 505:, 357:. 303:s 271:, 1245:( 1001:. 858:. 789:( 42:.

Index

User:JimmyBlackwing
essay
Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
thoroughly vetted by the community
Shortcut
WP:VGSOURCE
reliable sources
Internet
Lufia & the Fortress of Doom
WikiProject Video games
WikiProject Military history
emergent gameplay
Escape from Monkey Island
GameSpot
IGN
a dead fansite
Wayback Machine
Computer Gaming World
Metacritic
Next Generation
Electronic Gaming Monthly
Anno 1602
PC Games
Der Spiegel
World Wide Web
WikiProject Video games' reference library
magazine listings
Dino Crisis
list of books and strategy guides
online print archive

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