User talk:Alfred Centauri

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multiply torque, they simultaneously divide rpm so the power product is the same. Thus, to get maximum power to the wheels, we need maximum power from the engine, period. There can be no other way to see this. The power going in to the transmission is equal to or greater than the power going out. However, if we want maximum acceleration, we want maximum torque delivered to the wheels and the transmission can certainly multiply the torque for us but not the horsepower! Thus, if want the absolute maximum torque delivered to the wheels, we want the engine rpm at it's torque max to be reduced (usually) to the *current* rpm of the wheels. So, if we're going slow, we want a large ratio and if we're already going fast, a not so large ratio. Still, it is the max torque of the engine that determines the max acceleration. No way around that, I'm afraid. The max horsepower determines the max speed because, and again there is no way around this, the **transmission cannot increase the power delivered to the wheels**. Sure, if you want to be cute and stay in first gear then some other parameter will limit the speed.

152:) one faces the difficulty that the "snapshot" is really a family of short segments, sort of like the fibers one can see in the feathers of a bird - they do not connect because one has not handled the simultaneity issue correctly. One can still construct a spacelike geodesic representing a slice through the sheet that is the string (as explained before), but one has to allow a tiny time variation along it by following those little feathery segments in a continuous way. I was trying to avoid time varying along the spacelike geodesic, but I am probably introducing too many caveats in trying to get a simple static entity (constant time slice). Maybe I can just say that a tightly stretched string taken at one instant is a spacelike geodesic and let the "user" worry about the meaning of "instant." But I have another problem in nomenclature: Linas found the term "filament" confusing. Now I do not want to use "string" because we have 952:

certain rate, that is work being performed and to perform work you must have power. So even at idle you can imagine how an engine is making power. The thought that force starts the vehicle off and power keeps it moving is wrong because there is power at the very instant that motor begins to move. So in your electric car example the moment the car would begin to accelerate the motor would have a measurable amount of power. Also the reason power is so important to the performance of a vehicle (and the main thing many people don't understand) is that if you have more power you can create more force at a given rpm. To make a quick example, if you have an engine that makes 400 hp @ 10,500 rpm with 200 lb-ft of torque and an engine that makes 400 hp @ 5,250 rpm with 400 lb-ft of torque they will both be able to provide the same amount of wheel torque at the same rpm thanks to gearing.

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suitably and grab an instantaneous "snapshot" of that string, we have a spacelike geodesic. There are some further problems just below the surface here, however. Due to the rotation of the Earth, one has to synchronize the clocks from a central source, not by exchanging light signals between them, unless the string is oriented exactly North-South. In that case synchronizing to WWV for example, will agree with synchronizing by light signals. (If one goes East-West one runs into the Sagnac effect, and in fact even if North-South there is a small error due to the Earth's motion around the Sun). I am probably being too rigorous. The "problem" I refer to is the "snapshot" issue. If one does not make the assumption I mentioned about a Killing vector (see

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mathematical construct". In other words, he claimed that the A field was not directly observable. However, I later found out that this isn't true. If you pass a current through a solenoidal inductor, the magnetic flux density B is zero outside the inductor. However, the A field can be non-zero outside the inductor as long as the curl of A outside the inductor is zero. This A field external to an energized solenoidal inductor has been observed by the effect it has on the phase of the wave function of electrons passing near but outside the inductor

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there is no linear acceleration developed by the tires on the road. To change the angular speed from zero doesn't require any power, only torque. To maintain speed, requires power only if there are losses. For an automobile traveling down the highway at high speed, there are losses from air resistance, tire to road friction as well as mechanical losses in the drivetrain. Thus, to *maintain* this high speed requires power (and therefore torque) from the engine. But, to *increase* that speed rapidly requires far more torque than horsepower.

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not turning so the power is exactly zero. This is simply by the definition. But hey, don't take my word for it. **Do the math**. To make it simple, assume the motor produces a constant torque, say 100 lb-ft, from the moment the acceleration starts until the motor reaches 1000 rpm, 10 seconds later. Since the torque is constant, the angular acceleration is constant (assuming losses are minimal). Thus, the rpm is increasing at the rate of 100 rpm per second. So, here is the result:

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you can advise how to put it in simpler terms. Imagine you and a friend are making an old-fashioned toy telephone system across a street, as I did in 1949. You each have a stiff paper cup, and you get some cord that is very light and strong, and put it under tension between the two cups, across the street dividing your apartments. Imagine passing to a limit where the string is virtually massless (actually, the tension in it would interact with gravity, but let the mass -: -->

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great cultural revolution gave meaning to a spacelike geodesic. Do you see anything wrong with that part? Seems to me if you stretch a practically weightless fiber (maybe silk or catgut) over the shoulder of "The Thinker" and let it remain there, under tension, an instantaneous shot of it is a spacelike geodesic. But to define "instantaneous" you need clock synchronization over a "space section" which is why I threw in the stuff about the Killing vector.

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answer is yes if the gearing is correct. That is, when the engine is turning the rpm required for max power and that is reduced (usually) to the wheel rpm required for the speed at which losses match the max power, then all is good. If you reduce the hp output of the engine, that speed must now decrease. If the gearing isn't right, then the max speed will be lower because the engine power output will be lower at a different rpm. It's that simple.

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base current? Yes, the collector is modified by alpha, but as a first order approximation, it is unity, so equal to the emitter current, therefor base current is not a factor. So, to make the page internally consistent, the notion that the base current controls the collector current should be put to rest once and for all. It cant controll it if, to 1st order, it does not apear in the equations. This is trully obvious.

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comparing the peak torque number of two vehicles almost never gives any kind of indication of how the vehicles will perform, and this is clearly shown in my comparison above. So from the layman's point of view it should be said that horsepower always wins races, and torque is just a number. I'll leave you with a real world example of this, mainly just because they are fun examples to watch ;0).

2133: 2252: 302:, if 0v is connected to chassis, show the connection to the chassis symbol. If the chassis needs to be 'earthed', then this is shown as a wire connected from chassis to the earth pin of the mains plug. I suppose the word 'common' is good too. I could live with that! But the 5v 'return' would normally be connected to 'common' wouldnt it? 411:, I feel that insights of this type are to useful to be 'hidden under the bed' and I wondered if Bill Beatty (to whose page I referred you) might be interested in your ideas. After all, his pages are full of unconventional ways of teaching people about 'electricity'. Just a thought! BTW Thanks for the tutorials! 2226:

I think I figured out how to use MS Excel (I used AutoCAD before and it took forever) to plot these torque curves out, so I can show what happens when these engines are geared the same. It should be noted though that to come up with the wheel torque in my example I used the actual gear ratios for the

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Thank's for the heads up. If someone likes my writing, they should link to it rather than copying its content to WP! BTW, I've given up on WP myself. The presence of huge numbers of anonymous trolls isn't worth the aggravation. A wikipedia with real people and no anonymous authors? Where good or

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I understand the principle of gears very well. In fact, a transmission is analogous to an electrical transformer where voltage is analogous to torque and current is analogous to rpm. And, in both cases, the product of the two must equal on each side (assuming ideal lossless components). When gears

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our torque is way up. In order to *accelerate* the car, we need to change the wheel/tire rpm by 168rpm per second, which requires and additional torque of 1385 lb-ft at the wheels or 692 lb-ft from the engine. That's in *addition* to the torque required to make up the losses at 60mph. So, take a look

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Sorry, but your words demonstrate that you are very confused. You are using words like power *very loosely*. Let me give you an example. You said "because there is power at the very instant that motor begins to move". This is clearly wrong. At the instant the motor begins to turn, it is by definition

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Nevermind what I said about the quote above. I'm just tired, and bored at work I guess. I think the only problem with this argument is that I'm looking at it from the standpoint of a car enthusiast and I'm used to seeing two numbers, peak torque and peak power. In the world of automotive competition

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I completely forgot that I had ever had an argument on the horsepower talk page, but continued to work out how horsepower affects vehicle performance. This was to be my final reply, but because the argument is so old now I figured I would just present it directly to you. These charts show the torque

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Hi, I am writing to you because you have listed yourself as a member of the Electronics WikiProject. Sadly, this project is pretty dead, but I propose to resuscitate it with a collaboration. The idea is to have a concerted effort on improving one article per month, hopefully to GA or FA status and

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Once again, (and this is basic physics - don't take my word for it, go look it up!) it takes (net) torque to change angular speed. This is the definition of torque. Forget any of the other things you have heard - without net torque, angular speed doesn't change. And, if angular speed doesn't change,

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flux (due to increased secondary loading,say) in the core of a transformer aside from the magnetising flux. I am basing my present thoughts on the interesting paper by Edwards and Saha and it seems to me that they are in fact saying something about core flux, but not explicitly stating the magnitude

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Also when you said, "It is commonly said that an inductor is a 'short circuit at DC'", this implies you define "at DC" to mean "in a DC analysis." not "in a circuit with only DC sources." The statement "an inductor is a short at DC" is obviously not correct if "at DC" means "the sources are constant

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Thanks, AC. I admit my material on spacelike geodesic was not very clear. I am trying to say, perhaps too mathematically, what "everybody knows" about geodesics in 3-space or even 2-space (like the surface of a spheroid e.g.) but it gets complicated exactly because of that timelike dimension. Maybe

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Thank you for supporting at least some of my edits. The people who removed them seem to be practically vandals. I mean, for gosh sakes, if you have a mass bobbing up and down on a spring in a freshman lab it's not on a geodesic! My other item, also removed by the vandals or ostrogoths or people's

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I note your reply to my comments. With all due respect, it is not a matter of debate as to whether the voltage controlled view is the correct view. It is truly basic physics. Anyone that understands the actual physics, can come to no other conclusion. As I have noted, it is F=q(E + vxB). That is, it

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Alfred , I see that you are removing my edits. My edits are valid. My link was in the external links section, so I was not referring to them as direct support to the claim that the bjt is voltage controlled. I referenced a professor at a recognised university that address this issue. If you have an

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gear ratios for engine 1 than what the Gallardo has to get the peak power at roughly the same wheel speed. Because the output for engine 1 is based on the output of the Gallardo and the Gallardo has lower ratios than what I've used, it can be assumed that the Gallardo actually has more wheel torque

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It appears that Linas was thinking worldline when he read geodesic and he has since apologized for the revert. However, I must confess that I don't understand the spacelike geodesic stuff you wrote either as I am still a novice relativist. Let's see, the worldline of a free particle is a timelike

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Furthermore, the current controlled model is contradictory to that which is already on the BJT page, to wit, the ebbors-moll equations. These clearly show that the emitter current is a pure function of Vbe. There is no base current term involved, so how can the emitter current be possible caused by

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Placing a perfect S/C across a perfect voltage source is indeed an indeterminate solution; it's the same idea as connecting two perfect voltage sources together with zero resistance in series, and then trying to analyse it to find the voltage. There is no limit process which would help define it;

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Look, assume that the losses at some speed due to air resistance etc, exceed the maximum power output of the engine. Can the car go that fast continuously? Obviously, it cannot. What if the losses, exactly equal the maximum power output of the engine. Can the car go that fast continuously? The

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Now, let's say we want to accelerate this vehicle, at the rate of 10mph/per second. This means we need to increase the angular speed of the engine by 334 rpm per second or the wheel/tire rpm by 168rpm per second. Well, at the instant the acceleration starts, the engine is still turning 2000rpm but

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First, acceleration is not work and force over distance is not the definition of power (it is the definition of work) and second, while horsepower is important for top speed, it is torque that determines acceleration. Consider the case of an electric powered vehicle at rest. At the moment that the

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Yes ,I agree with you here. 'Ground' seems to be an American term. Over here we use the word 'Earth'. Again not all electronics systems have their reference connected to earth (although for safety reasons many do indirectly). I have always shown the reference on my circuit diagrams (schematics) as

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Consider the following problem that I would think is more applicable to your mind set. Let's say that a car weighing 3000lbs is moving at 60 mph and engine is turning 2000rpm. Let's say the wheels are rotating at half that, 1000rpm (this implies that the radius of the wheel/tire combo is about 10

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You then say, "a constant (DC) voltage across an inductor can exist if the current through the inductor changes at a constant rate." and therefore "the answer is no." But you've contradicted the definition of DC, which requires that all currents are constant. A current that changes at a constant

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The magnetic flux has, in the absence of magnetic charge, zero divergence. Thus, it can be thought of as the curl of some other vector field we call the A field or vector potential. I once asked my EM professor whether the A field is physical or just a mathematical construct. His answer was "a

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I object to these deletions being made so quickly during a period when I was away from Knowledge. I now have no way of seeing why this was so. It seems quite wrong to me that there should now be no page on 'colouration' where I had created one - it's a perfectly valid word with a well understood

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Sorry I stuck that^ in the wrong spot, I'm quite tired these days. Anyway, I finally see what you're saying, but it's something I understood all along. Maximum acceleration is not at peak power but at peak torque, if acceleration were proportional to power, maximum acceleration would be at peak

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You are very incorrect, a running engine (or electric motor) will never have zero horsepower. Because of how hp is measured (hp = tq x rpm / 5252) any rotating object can produce power. If you spin a bowling ball like a top and try to stop it with your hands it will put force on your hands at a

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0 also! ). That string, which I called a "filament" - confusing Linas - does indeed have a timelike aspect, too. Each particle composing it is moving into the future. So to the relativist it is a sheet and is not a candidate for a geodesic, which has to be a line. But if we synchronize clocks

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Don't you see? The horsepower is increasing every second yet the *acceleration* is constant!!! The torque is constant and the acceleration is constant. The horsepower is steadily increasing but the acceleration is constant. Hmmmm... Seems pretty obvious to me which one is responsible for the

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The so-called 'ground' symbol is ubiquitous in virtually any schematic diagram. Yet, rarely is this node actually connected to 'ground'. Further, in many circuits, there is more than one 'ground', i.e., analog ground, digital ground, rf ground, etc. But technically, the term 'grounded' means

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This statement simply doesn't make sense to me, even if power is not directly proportional to acceleration it does play a larger role than engine torque alone. Clearly of both cars in my example the higher horsepower car has the advantage, and there simply would not be a way to explain the

279:, especially by splitting 'induced voltages in inductors' from 'applied voltages to inductors' thereby avoiding the confusion of signs and back emf and all that stuff. I would appreciate your comments on this severely modified page before I tidy into its final(?) form. THanks once more. 2545:

is now open until 23.59 on Sunday, 10 December. All users who registered an account before Saturday, 28 October 2017, made at least 150 mainspace edits before Wednesday, 1 November 2017 and are not currently blocked are eligible to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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Alfred, I'm so glad we seem to have reached some sort of agreement on capacitance/inductance. I'm hoping to further integrate (bind together) these ideas and I would really value your help in my attempts. Once again , many thanks for your educated insight into these knotty questions!!

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I suppose you are right. You have been very subtle about the terminology difference between "DC" and "DC steady state". Your solution is a time-varying solution to a circuit with only DC sources. (But I think it would be confusing to students to call it a DC circuit or DC solution).

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inches (the diameter would be about 20 inches). The losses (air resistance, tire friction, internal friction, etc.) require that the engine produce 10hp in order to maintain that speed. Using your hp formula above, the torque produced by the engine is 26.26 lb-ft (10hp *5252/2000).

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As far as em propagation in space is concerned, I believe no current (flow of anything at rt angles to direction of propagation) happens there either, but that the changing electric field creates (by an as yet unknown process) the required magnetic field and vice versa.

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Not something I normally like to do, but quoting specific points in order to directly respond to them would have bloated the talk page length even further. :( Looking back, I guess it makes it hard to read anon's comments as a whole, though, so I'll avoid this in the

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I do hope you get the picture now (you may of course disagree). A tightly stretched filament is a collection of particles each of which has a timelike world-line. Orthogonal to that family of world lines, let's call it a "warp" (not a space-warp and hyperdrive, but a

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Here both engines are geared so that each will produce maximum power at the same wheel rpm. Notice the engine with higher power output has more wheel torque at all speeds and in all gears. Why does this happen? Because power determines wheel torque at a given rpm!

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Torque = 719 lb-ft which is constant Acceleration = 10mph/sec (actually a poor assumption since the air resistance goes up as the square of the speed!) starting at t = 0 t = -1, hp = 10 t = 0, hp = 273 t = 1, hp = 319 t = 2, hp = 364 etc...

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of anything at all. Current does appear to be transferred from one plate to the other in a capacitor, but this is purely an effect of the em energy flow down the distributed (TL) structure. NB displacement current I of course admit in dielectrics- but not in

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No, to make more wheel torque requires more torque from the engine. You still don't 'get it' You are using the word power when you should actually be using torque. Please consult a physics text to learn the different. Or, try this for a second opinion:

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In your User page, under this question you first wrote, "In DC steady state, all circuit voltages and currents are constant." This is also the meaning I understand for the term "DC". That is, not just currents, but also voltages are constant in DC analysis.

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and I am excited to inform you that I have resuscitated the project. I was not active in the original project, so your experience and ideas would be most valuable. If you're interested in taking part, please consider changing your inactive status in the

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It is likely the same for the scalar potential. That is, V is the physical (scalar) field and E is the mathematical construct. BTW, if magnetic charge does exist, then there should be an electric vector potential and a magnetic scalar potential too.

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is open from Monday, 00:00, 21 November through Sunday, 23:59, 4 December to all unblocked users who have registered an account before Wednesday, 00:00, 28 October 2016 and have made at least 150 mainspace edits before Sunday, 00:00, 1 November 2016.

162:] so I am stumped. Seems like a light fibre or cord one could stretch quite a ways and get a good approximation to a space geodesic (remembering to use the snapshot idea rather than to follow the world-lines of each particle making up the filament). 2167:

power. Still, I'm struggling to find the vocabulary to put into words what I can plainly see in the math. The math shows that a car with greater average power will always have the advantage of faster acceleration, regardless of engine torque output.

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There is not contradiction. You have equated DC steady state and DC which is incorrect. A circuit consisting of an inductor and a DC voltage source has no DC steady state solution yet the voltage across the inductor is constant (DC).

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To say it another way, for a value (current) to be constant, its derivative must be zero. Therefore the definition of DC requires that all dv/dt and di/dt are zero. Therefore, from the inductor equation v = L(di/dt), we have v=L*0, v=0.

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So, there ya go. To get that acceleration, we're going to need that torque. Note that, once again, the hp is going up as time progresses but the acceleration is remaining constant. Hmmmm... Alfred Centauri 02:15, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

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This may seem like hocus pocus but consider a well known derivation of the area under the unit impulse using a pulse of width X and height of 1/X. In the limit as X goes to zero, we have a finite area given by the product of 0 with

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academic reference that shows that the physics of a bjt is base current controlled, please cite it. The realty is that, “base current control” is simple false. There is no physical mechanism in a bjt that can make that idea work.

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Looking at the dispute resolution protocol, I've made an RfC regarding one of the anon IPs who's trolling this article. Since you've been involved in a dispute with this person please certify it and post your observations here

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Although your recent work is extremely interesting and ,I think, important to the greater understanding of EM field theory, you probably wont be able to publish it on Knowledge as recent/new work and self citing is not allowed.

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can be proved. But until then, I think I'll stick with this explanation, which whilst probably not satisfying everyone, satisfies me at the moment. You may not agree with my view, but I would ask you to respect it. Merry

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Alfred, I think you have been talking to 'O' the past 30 mins. I havent been addessing you. I have just replied to 'O' on the talk page. Someone has not been signing his posts so it gets a bit dfficult to know whos

1154:, but this is no different to a voltage source being equivalent to that voltage source in series with a zero-ohm resistor, or a resistor being equivalent to that resistor in series with a zero-voltage source, etc. 2415:. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose 2573: 2500: 662:

If I took the perfect capacitor and perfect inductor, with nonzero i and v, as described in your page, and put them together to make an ideal lossless oscillator, would you still say the circuit is "at DC"?

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performance of these vehicles without knowing the power output of both cars. I don't understand what relationship you think power has to the performance of a vehicle or why it's so easy for you to dismiss.

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The reason why i'm not immediately editing the article is that i'd like to make some wholesale changes, so I feel it's worth getting input from others before going ahead. Feel free to reply here, on the

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Alfred, you may be interested to learn that some idiot on that talk page is again claiming that all capacitors are TLs and that Ivor Catt was in fact totally correct in his 1978 Wireless World article!--

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creates a userbox identifying the society and your membership grade and includes your user page in the relevant Wikipedian category. If you have any questions, feel free to drop me a note. Yours aye,

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To let you know, I'm moving your comment in the above section of the talk page to where mine and the other guy's are - the comment section is for the person answering the request for comments, not us.

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acceleration. Of course, if losses are *not* minimal but are increasing with rpm, then the acceleration will not be constant but will be reduced as the speed ramps up. However, the result is the same.

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The text you removed is not a misconception at all, the statement "horsepower is important for top speed, it is torque that determines acceleration." is very incorrect and a very common misconception.

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explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

2557:. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose 2484:. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose 747: 509:

Can I just ask you seriously what your view is on Tom Bearden. I had not heard of him till you mentioned him. I dont know if you were joking or not (I suspect you were) in your last post to David on

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on your userpage which will give you a link to the current collaboration. If you are no longer interested in Wikiproject Electronics, please remove yourself from the members list, which is now at

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My feeling is the RFC should come from someone completely removed from the article and all previous discussions. I don't know if the RFC page backs me up, but we'll see what the commentor says.

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Engine 1 still has greater acceleration at some speeds. The chart shows that this gearing for Engine 1 is far from optimal if the goal is to provide maximum acceleration from a standing start.

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Torque = 100 lb-ft from t = 0 to 10 (seconds) HP = 100 lb-ft * 100 * t / 5252 = 1.9 * t hp t = 0, hp = 0 t = 1, hp = 1.9 t = 2, hp = 3.8 t = 3, hp = 5.7 ... t =10, hp = 19

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Given that in all determinate scenarios, the voltage across a S/C is zero, and that in the indeterminate case, its value does not exist, it is safe to say that the voltage across a S/C is

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Alfred to the Electronics project. I'm so glad you have decided to join us. I enjoy our little discussions so much! So, I'll probably see you over on WikiProject: electronics quite soon!--

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instruction page. If you find on that page that I'm incorrect, feel free to move it back, but please drop me a line on my talk page so I won't repeat my mistake in the future. Thanks!

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principle, but many refs disagree. Even one supposed Univerity paper seems to say that the string must be 'magnetised' to work. Would you be able to spare some time to comment please at

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We don't, at least, not in the sense we can somehow derive this fact. We merely define it to be so. And even then, there is no meaningful answer to the question "what is the value of

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and Im short of syllabus content (mainly final year stuff) for the power engineering/machines/heavy current stuff. Would you be able to oblige us with an up to date syllabus please? --

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So, if I for the product of R * I to be V (by putting a V volt voltage source across the resistor) and then let R go to zero, I goes to infinity and the product of R * I remains V!

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Hi there Alfred Centauri, I am interested in making some changes to the article on impedance and noticed that you have been an active editor for a long time. I have explained

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process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Knowledge's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "

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at the flywheel. That is why the statement "horsepower is important for top speed, it is torque that determines acceleration." is so very incorrect. A vehicle with more

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Hi again Alfred, I noticed you've had a lot of input on the operational amplifier talk page and wondered if you could comment on my recent musings on the internals on

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connected to the Earth. If this node is not actually connected to ground, a more appropriate name might be 'common' or 'return', i.e., +5V return, analog common, etc.

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therefore there is no solution, i.e. the value of the voltage across the S/C does not exist. It wouldn't even help to simply pick a definition (as we can for e.g.

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I hope you understand that my nitpickery is not intended to be a rant in any way but is instead meant to stimulate a conversation among EEs having a beer or three.

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where a collaboration of this sort was succesfully run). There you can make nominations for articles for collaboration or comment on the nominations of others.

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Yes, I would definitely encourage you to communicate your ideas to Bill. I think he will be most interested. Maybe he could even incorporate them on his pages!!

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as such. The other things like Lenz law maybe could be kept to the other pages where they are mentioned. Also my proposal fits with the analogous defn of capacit

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when you have some time. Im not happy with the existing defn. and have proposed an alternative which I think is more scientific/basic and doesnt need to mention

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because it can provide a greater amount of force at the wheels. Power to weight ratio, hmmm...wonder why that came about instead of torque to weight ratio.

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Not sure what to do - edit back what I had in or report vandalism as well. I don't know how to do a "revert" without mouse-copying and re-editing, do you?

1543:. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the 2035: 356:( ie flux meaning flow) is an imaginary concept that cannot be observed directly (same as magnetic charges cant). Is this any help in your thinking?? 541:

look Alfred, as much as I enjoy these little chats of ours, I think its time for bed. BTW I dont mean ay offence to you. Lets just say were having a

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Now, contrast this with the question of observability of electric flux or any other field associated with EM. The answer may be suprising to you!

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exist but it has not been observed (yet). Further, if it does exist, it will be directly observable with, for example, a particle detector.

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topology" so I tried "filament". I just checked it in Merriam-Webster and it looks OK. And I used to fish with a "nylon filament leader"

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to Knowledge! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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The project was already started by another user, though I think we can consider it a prototype. You should bring up any concerns on

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a definition to the expression (e.g. by choosing to work on a projective geometry), but what use would it be? e.g. we're told that

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a short circuit is not at all like a zero ohm resistor but is instead, an ideal voltage source where the voltage is exactly zero"

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output of two engines, an LS7 from a Corvette Z06 and a torque curve loosely based on the Lamborghini Gallardo Superleggera.

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Get ready for a lengthy rant about an Orwellian cabal of fanatics dropping any traces of dissent down the memory hole. ;-)

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My sympathy to you, now you know how I felt trying to explain the dreaded bootstrap cct to 'R'!! I wish I had not bothered.

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on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out

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is forces that make things move. In this case it is electric fields. The charge in the base is due to the applied voltage.

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describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to

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0 in an AC analysis". I haven't heard the term "at DC" used to mean "in a time-varying circuit with only DC sources."

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vehicle begins to accelerate, the horsepower generated by the motor (no matter how powerful it is) is exactly zero.

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lines are the spacelike geodesics (provided the filament or fibre is tightly stretched, and essentially massless).

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bad behavior remains forever connected to the perpetrator? Now THAT would be something amazing and wonderful. --

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Alfred, do transformers depend on Poynting vector for energy transfer? If so, how does it come into play? 8-)--

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Thanks for letting me know what youre doing. My current status is reviewing pages for any new material/talk

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What you are saying is equivalent to saying that there is a meaningful solution (or useful definition) to

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Another commonly-used (sorry!) term is "reference", so "logic reference", "analog reference", and so on.

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No worries! I don't have a lot to do this evening, so I'm trawling Knowledge for mental stimulation.

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and my proposal to replace it with more coverage of the meaning of the events in that novel. Thanks. —

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nominate the very best of them for the front page. I have prepared a page to control this process at

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has been observed. However, I would argue that, whilst we are all familiar with the concept, electric

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nowadays, and ordinary household strings are heavy, and I do not want to use "fiber" because we have "

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geodesic. To 'see' a spacelike geodesic, would not the fiber above also need to be freely falling?

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Simply view your last edit, and then select edit, enter a comment that you are reverting and save.

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notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on

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If you don't interrupt my replies with your replies, I will stop rearranging your replies. Deal?--

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There is probably an analogy here to the question of whether current "flows" or whether current

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on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!

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I don't think we've crossed paths before, but I must say your user name is an excellent one.

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Thanks for the triva on PFM. That'll be a useful term in my major (hint, its your major ; ).

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I guess I accept that "at DC" means either "in a DC analysis" or "in the limit as t -: -->

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Alfred I am trying to reopen discussion on the important topic of whether or not there is

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Starwed, please reconsider posting comments in the middle of another comment. Thanks.

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To qualify, I'm 99% sure that the comment section is for the third party, based on the

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that determines the acceleration of a vehicle. The point is that in order to make more

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Alfred, do you know how magnetic guitar pickups work? I say they work on the variable

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For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria

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of flux in the actual core. I would value your educated comments if you have time at

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Alfred, I have spent some(a lot) time trying to simplify and segregate the topics in

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You're forgetting the something VERY important, GEARS! Gears multiply torque. Again:

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Salutations, Alfred Centauri. I notice you were once a participant in the inactive

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While all constructive contributions to Knowledge are appreciated, pages may be

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Of course, it may turn out that Maxwell was correct all along, if the theory of

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You say magnetic charge has not been observed, but magnetic flux has. Correct.

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Hi, I stumbled across your user-page, and I couldn't help but comment on this.

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due to inactivity. Please add yourself again if you want to participate. --

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see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article

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Alfred, could you please have a quick look at this page when you have time.

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describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

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describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

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Here is the wheel torque output for both engines with the same ratios.

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If you do the math you will notice both of those examples have 400 hp.

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Hello! As a member of Wiki Project Objectivism would you please see

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very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the

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Is there a way that I can see the two pages now as they existed? --

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Thought you may be interested in a new discussion just breaking on

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is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Knowledge

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infinity in a transient analysis", or "in the limit as f -: -->

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Also, I'm not sure why you have a problem with the definitions "

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Unused temporary file as noted by uploader. No foreseeable use.

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If you wish to participate in the 2017 election, please review

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If you wish to participate in the 2016 election, please review

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If you want to take part you might like to place this template

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If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the

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of the image. If you know this information, then you can add a

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education and training of electrical and electronics engineers

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basic Knowledge criteria may be deleted at any time. Please

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on the excessive coverage of fictional technology, etc. in

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will be able to accelerate faster than a vehicle with less

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To accelerate from 60mph at the rate of 10mph/sec we need:

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Equivalent series resistance-- can AC look at it please?

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400 lb-ft @ 5,250 rpm geared 2:1 = 800 lb-ft at 2625 rpm

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200 lb-ft @ 10,500 rpm geared 4:1 = 800 lb-ft at 2625 rpm

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200 lb-ft @ 10,500 rpm geared 4:1 = 800 lb-ft at 2625 rpm

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in the time period of interest" in a transient analysis.

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400 lb-ft @ 5,250 rpm geared 2:1 = 800 lb-ft at 2625 rpm

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process can result in deletion without discussion, and

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Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing

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is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the

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is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the

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Image copyright problem with Image:7points-in-plane.JPG

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You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the

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for each of the 38 IEEE technical societies. The new

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http://en.wikipedia.org/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction

781:Alfred, do you know how transformers work - I mean 1474: 1442: 1416: 1384: 1338: 1294: 1268: 1228: 1202: 1116: 1089:Is the voltage across a short circuit always zero? 2403:You appear to be eligible to vote in the current 1523:, suggesting that it be deleted according to the 462:Hint: look at earlier posts again....(A friend!) 196:There are none so deaf as those who will not hear 146:0 faster than the tension, but the tension -: --> 1357: 1311: 2021:Knowledge:WikiProject Electronics/Collaboration 789:. I think we could do with some insights! 8-)-- 2276:It would be great if you could take a look at 2023:(actually, I mostly shamelessly stole it from 242:. What do you think? Please post any reply on 2123:Something new to bring to a very old argument 870:I have posted a response of my talk page. -- 230:Alfred, I wonder if you could have a look at 8: 2302:I've answered your comment on my talk page. 2342:More eyes are needed on this article. See 1775:on the top of the page and leave a note on 366:Well, that's not correct! Magnetic charge 2369:If you are a member of one or more of the 697:I have changed my wholesale acceptance of 594:Is the DC voltage across an inductor zero? 60:I hope you enjoy editing here and being a 2142: 2036:Knowledge:WikiProject Electronics/Members 2032:{{WikiProject Electronics Collaboration}} 1455: 1429: 1403: 1374: 1360: 1354: 1328: 1314: 1308: 1281: 1258: 1253: 1215: 1186: 1108: 1102: 1043:http://g-speed.com/pbh/torque-and-hp.html 2647:notice, but please explain why in your 1128:impossible scenario (see, for instance 2539:Hello, Alfred Centauri. Voting in the 2466:Hello, Alfred Centauri. Voting in the 2104:I am clearing the participant list at 1591:on the talk page, including a link to 606:rate is not constant; it is changing. 330:Alfred, wondered if you had seen this 2014:Wikiproject Electronics collaboration 701:'s equations now. I now believe that 7: 2542:2017 Arbitration Committee elections 2469:2016 Arbitration Committee elections 1971:Yours in enlightened self-interest, 746:Alfred, I am doing some editing of 472:I am wondering if we should start a 1715:That's cool, thanks for the line. 1150:" being equivalent. You say that " 866:Re: Clock synchronization question. 72:, ask me on my talk page, or place 2636:deleted for any of several reasons 2624:because of the following concern: 2526:ArbCom 2017 election voter message 1964:and joining the discussion on the 1649:Archiving Magnetic Field talk page 1411: 1148:always having zero volts across it 226:Inductance Proposed change of defn 14: 2661:{{proposed deletion/dated files}} 2644:{{proposed deletion/dated files}} 2429:review the candidates' statements 2106:Knowledge:WikiProject Objectivism 2099:Knowledge:WikiProject Objectivism 70:Knowledge:Where to ask a question 2531: 2458: 2250: 2131: 1942: 1890:Knowledge:WikiProject Relativity 921:Please, have a look on "Plato". 337:Has Electric flux actually been 2576:and submit your choices on the 785:know how they work?. If so see 2435:. For the Election committee, 2405:Arbitration Committee election 2396:ArbCom elections are now open! 1854:media copyright questions page 1197: 1191: 760:Thanks (put other thanks here) 721:My reasonings are outlined on 645:11:27, 14 November 2005 (UTC) 589:02:15, 24 September 2005 (UTC) 572:04:40, 20 September 2005 (UTC) 554:01:06, 18 September 2005 (UTC) 532:21:47, 17 September 2005 (UTC) 518:22:02, 16 September 2005 (UTC) 499:13:41, 22 September 2005 (UTC) 485:00:21, 15 September 2005 (UTC) 458:15:28, 12 September 2005 (UTC) 443:01:18, 11 September 2005 (UTC) 333:before. You may be interested 1: 2555:Knowledge arbitration process 2519:22:08, 21 November 2016 (UTC) 2482:Knowledge arbitration process 2445:13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC) 2389:17:42, 11 December 2013 (UTC) 2360:22:20, 16 November 2012 (UTC) 2061:14:21, 23 November 2008 (UTC) 2025:Knowledge:WikiProject Mammals 1894:Knowledge:WikiProject Physics 1879:18:59, 9 September 2007 (UTC) 1385:{\displaystyle \lim _{x-: --> 1339:{\displaystyle \lim _{x-: --> 737:03:59, 25 December 2005 (UTC) 671:17:17, 14 November 2005 (UTC) 625:02:31, 14 November 2005 (UTC) 425:17:18, 7 September 2005 (UTC) 416:02:36, 7 September 2005 (UTC) 396:16:20, 6 September 2005 (UTC) 361:15:58, 6 September 2005 (UTC) 321:20:40, 5 September 2005 (UTC) 307:21:06, 4 September 2005 (UTC) 284:07:42, 4 September 2005 (UTC) 266:23:57, 3 September 2005 (UTC) 251:14:49, 2 September 2005 (UTC) 178:is the set of timelines, the 104:16:14, 8 September 2007 (UTC) 90:15:22, 8 September 2007 (UTC) 30:The five pillars of Knowledge 2592:18:42, 3 December 2017 (UTC) 2312:21:52, 8 February 2010 (UTC) 1901:13:57, 24 October 2007 (UTC) 1755:, articles that do not meet 1753:criteria for speedy deletion 1595:where i'm trying out ideas. 1519:}}" template to the article 1010:Yes I understand that it is 931:07:03, 9 February 2007 (UTC) 843:On your user page, you say: 769:20:21, 8 February 2006 (UTC) 705:does not in fact exist as a 565:Equivalent series resistance 348:Now consider this: Electric 50:How to write a great article 21:Hello, Alfred Centauri, and 2680:allows discussion to reach 2503:and submit your choices on 2431:and submit your choices on 1861:00:12, 24 August 2007 (UTC) 1803:23:09, 21 August 2007 (UTC) 1720:21:05, 14 August 2007 (UTC) 1703:17:22, 14 August 2007 (UTC) 1690:16:44, 14 August 2007 (UTC) 1676:16:42, 14 August 2007 (UTC) 1533:Knowledge's deletion policy 755:07:08, 1 January 2006 (UTC) 715:07:23, 1 January 2006 (UTC) 693:My beliefs & Merry Xmas 545:agrument and try to remain 298:. So: Anal 0v, Dig 0v etc. 221:13:09, 30 August 2005 (UTC) 203:04:28, 16 August 2005 (UTC) 2706: 2672:exist. In particular, the 2584:MediaWiki message delivery 2511:MediaWiki message delivery 2501:the candidates' statements 2437:MediaWiki message delivery 2331:01:15, 12 March 2010 (UTC) 2118:22:20, 23 April 2009 (UTC) 1983: 1888:I've decided to introduce 1825:Image:7points-in-plane.JPG 1560:03:28, 17 April 2007 (UTC) 1499:22:55, 23 April 2007 (UTC) 1394:). Sure, we could simply 1203:{\displaystyle \delta (x)} 1161:21:20, 23 April 2007 (UTC) 1130:Irresistible force paradox 1084:03:28, 12 March 2007 (UTC) 1069:02:52, 12 March 2007 (UTC) 1035:02:36, 12 March 2007 (UTC) 970:10:25, 11 March 2007 (UTC) 816:Flux in a transformer core 688:17:21, 21 April 2006 (UTC) 2666:proposed deletion process 2618:File:Jennies-solution.JPG 2604:File:Jennies-solution.JPG 2379:Template:User IEEE member 2290:14:23, 25 June 2009 (UTC) 2267:18:29, 21 July 2009 (UTC) 2232:than what is shown here. 2221:17:23, 16 June 2009 (UTC) 2188:06:34, 15 June 2009 (UTC) 2161:23:29, 12 June 2009 (UTC) 2151:Thank you for your time. 2093:03:43, 7 April 2009 (UTC) 1978:00:52, 15 June 2008 (UTC) 1737:A tag has been placed on 1658:15:40, 18 July 2007 (UTC) 1643:17:41, 11 July 2007 (UTC) 1632:14:00, 11 July 2007 (UTC) 1545:proposed deletion process 1417:{\displaystyle I=\infty } 946:02:44, 2 March 2007 (UTC) 904:18:43, 18 June 2006 (UTC) 723:Talk:displacement current 511:Talk:Displacement current 480:. What do you think? — 214:Talk:Operational amplifer 2691:12:28, 21 May 2022 (UTC) 2371:IEEE technical societies 2365:IEEE technical societies 2337:Characteristic impedance 2242:22:22, 3 July 2009 (UTC) 1823:Thank you for uploading 1618:00:18, 27 May 2007 (UTC) 1549:speedy deletion criteria 924:Martin Segers (Belgium) 879:21:15, 23 May 2006 (UTC) 861:13:56, 22 May 2006 (UTC) 834:13:45, 1 June 2006 (UTC) 808:01:04, 22 May 2006 (UTC) 794:01:14, 19 May 2006 (UTC) 186:01:45, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC) 132:15:36, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC) 1957:WikiProject Objectivism 1951:WikiProject Objectivism 1924:06:09, 6 May 2008 (UTC) 1819:Image Copyright problem 1777:the article's talk page 1575:13:45, 8 May 2007 (UTC) 467:WikiProject Electronics 170:) one has a "woof" or 140:22:32, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC) 123:22:32, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC) 2632: 2613: 2040:Thanks for listening, 1884:WikiProject Relativity 1868:How a transistor works 1847:image description page 1820: 1746:Non-verified neologism 1623:magnetic field comment 1521:Distortion measurement 1510:Distortion measurement 1504:Objection to deletions 1476: 1444: 1418: 1387: 1341: 1296: 1270: 1230: 1204: 1118: 799:E X H and transformers 647: 2626: 2622:proposed for deletion 2612: 2551:Arbitration Committee 2478:Arbitration Committee 2451:ArbCom Elections 2016 2409:Arbitration Committee 2375:Wikipedian categories 2145:File:Wheel Torque.png 1818: 1580:Suggested changes to 1553:Articles for Deletion 1551:or it can be sent to 1529:What Knowledge is not 1477: 1475:{\displaystyle V=???} 1445: 1419: 1388: 1342: 1297: 1271: 1231: 1205: 1119: 1117:{\displaystyle 0^{0}} 638: 326:Very interesting page 2678:files for discussion 2653:the file's talk page 1962:list of participants 1582:Electrical impedance 1454: 1428: 1402: 1353: 1307: 1280: 1252: 1214: 1185: 1144:zero resistance path 1101: 703:displacement current 549:. What do you say?-- 383:Aharonov-Bohm effect 150:Killing vector field 2413:arbitration process 2391:— IEEE Life Member 2278:Electromotive force 2272:Electromotive force 1892:as a subproject of 1443:{\displaystyle R=0} 1295:{\displaystyle x=0} 1269:{\displaystyle 1/x} 1229:{\displaystyle x=0} 1018:you must make more 729:vacuum polarisation 634:UserTalk:The Photon 2670:deletion processes 2614: 2567:arbitration policy 2494:arbitration policy 2453:: Voting now open! 2425:arbitration policy 2199:The king of torque 1821: 1515:I have added a "{{ 1472: 1440: 1414: 1382: 1381: 1336: 1335: 1292: 1266: 1226: 1200: 1114: 617:a flow of charge. 448:Look whose talking 271:Inductance Article 208:Comments requested 35:How to edit a page 2600:Proposed deletion 2304:Man with two legs 2227:Corvette Z06 and 2011: 2010: 1601:article talk page 1525:proposed deletion 1356: 1310: 839:Ground or common? 109:Geodesics comment 2697: 2688: 2684:for deletion. -- 2663: 2662: 2646: 2645: 2611: 2535: 2462: 2386: 2356: 2351: 2295:Faith in science 2254: 2148: 2146: 2135: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2033: 2003: 1996: 1975: 1946: 1939: 1906:Rand Anon IP RfC 1774: 1773: 1767: 1538: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1301: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1209: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1123: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1112: 827:Talk:transformer 787:Talk:Transformer 523:Order of replies 402:Your recent work 75: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2686: 2674:speedy deletion 2660: 2659: 2643: 2642: 2609: 2607: 2596: 2595: 2536: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2506:the voting page 2463: 2455: 2433:the voting page 2399: 2384: 2367: 2354: 2349: 2340: 2319: 2297: 2274: 2144: 2125: 2102: 2071: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2031: 2016: 2007: 2006: 1999: 1992: 1988: 1973: 1953: 1937: 1908: 1886: 1871: 1813: 1784:for biographies 1771: 1765: 1764: 1749: 1735: 1665: 1663:Objectivism RFC 1651: 1629:Alfred Centauri 1625: 1593:my user subpage 1585: 1557:Alfred Centauri 1536: 1513: 1506: 1452: 1451: 1426: 1425: 1400: 1399: 1392:0^{-}}}" /: --> 1370: 1350: 1349: 1346:0^{+}}}" /: --> 1324: 1304: 1303: 1278: 1277: 1250: 1249: 1212: 1211: 1183: 1182: 1169:, you replied: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1091: 1081:Alfred Centauri 1046:Alfred Centauri 1003: 980: 943:Alfred Centauri 938: 911: 889: 868: 841: 818: 801: 779: 762: 744: 695: 681: 643:Alfred Centauri 596: 579: 561: 539: 525: 507: 470: 450: 432: 404: 393:Alfred Centauri 343: 328: 314: 291: 273: 258: 244:Talk:Inductance 232:Talk:Inductance 228: 210: 192: 138:Alfred Centauri 121:Alfred Centauri 111: 82: 73: 55:Manual of Style 12: 11: 5: 2703: 2701: 2664:will stop the 2606: 2597: 2574:the candidates 2537: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2464: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2448: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2366: 2363: 2339: 2334: 2318: 2315: 2296: 2293: 2273: 2270: 2245: 2244: 2209: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2191: 2190: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2124: 2121: 2101: 2096: 2081:Atlas Shrugged 2070: 2067:Atlas Shrugged 2064: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2004: 1997: 1989: 1984: 1981: 1969: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1907: 1904: 1885: 1882: 1870: 1864: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1743: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1708: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1693: 1692: 1664: 1661: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1624: 1621: 1584: 1578: 1568: 1567: 1537:{{dated prod}} 1512: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1492: 1491: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1359: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1246: 1245: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1179: 1178: 1124:), as it is a 1111: 1107: 1090: 1087: 1072: 1071: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1038: 1037: 1000: 978: 973: 972: 962: 961: 958: 954: 953: 937: 934: 926: 925: 923: 922: 920: 919: 917: 916: 910: 907: 899:. THanks 8-)-- 888: 887:Opinion needed 885: 883: 867: 864: 852: 851: 840: 837: 817: 814: 812: 800: 797: 778: 775: 773: 761: 758: 743: 740: 694: 691: 680: 679:Talk Ivor Catt 677: 675: 632:You wrote (on 595: 592: 578: 575: 560: 557: 538: 535: 524: 521: 506: 503: 502: 501: 469: 464: 449: 446: 436:Talk:Capacitor 431: 430:New Discussion 428: 403: 400: 399: 398: 387: 386: 377: 376: 372: 371: 342: 335: 327: 324: 313: 312:Current status 310: 290: 287: 272: 269: 257: 254: 246:page. THanks! 227: 224: 209: 206: 191: 188: 142: 141: 127: 125: 124: 110: 107: 81: 78: 66:sign your name 58: 57: 52: 47: 42: 37: 32: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2702: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2639: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2605: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2364: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2345: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2316: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2140: 2136: 2134: 2129: 2122: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2038: 2037: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1979: 1976: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1869: 1866:Plagarism at 1865: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1842:copyright tag 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1817: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1796:for companies 1793: 1789: 1788:for web sites 1785: 1780: 1778: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1732: 1730: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541:its talk page 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1511: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1408: 1405: 1397: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1352:0^{-}}}": --> 1329: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1306:0^{+}}}": --> 1289: 1286: 1283: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1194: 1188: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1109: 1105: 1094: 1088: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1007: 999: 996: 992: 988: 984: 977: 971: 968: 964: 963: 959: 956: 955: 950: 949: 948: 947: 944: 935: 933: 932: 929: 915: 908: 906: 905: 902: 901:Light current 898: 894: 886: 884: 881: 880: 877: 873: 865: 863: 862: 859: 855: 850: 846: 845: 844: 838: 836: 835: 832: 831:Light current 828: 823: 815: 813: 810: 809: 806: 805:Light current 798: 796: 795: 792: 791:Light current 788: 784: 776: 774: 771: 770: 767: 759: 757: 756: 753: 752:Light current 749: 741: 739: 738: 735: 734:Light current 730: 725: 724: 719: 716: 713: 712:Light current 708: 704: 700: 692: 690: 689: 686: 685:Light current 678: 676: 673: 672: 669: 664: 660: 655: 651: 646: 644: 637: 635: 630: 627: 626: 623: 618: 616: 611: 607: 603: 599: 593: 591: 590: 587: 586:Light current 583: 576: 574: 573: 570: 569:Light current 566: 558: 556: 555: 552: 551:Light current 548: 544: 536: 534: 533: 530: 529:Light current 522: 520: 519: 516: 515:Light current 512: 504: 500: 497: 493: 492:the talk page 489: 488: 487: 486: 483: 479: 475: 468: 465: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455:Light current 447: 445: 444: 441: 440:Light current 437: 429: 427: 426: 423: 422:Light current 418: 417: 414: 413:Light current 410: 401: 397: 394: 389: 388: 384: 379: 378: 374: 373: 369: 365: 364: 363: 362: 359: 358:Light current 355: 351: 346: 340: 336: 334: 332: 325: 323: 322: 319: 318:Light current 311: 309: 308: 305: 304:Light current 301: 297: 288: 286: 285: 282: 281:Light current 278: 270: 268: 267: 264: 263:Light current 255: 253: 252: 249: 248:Light current 245: 241: 237: 233: 225: 223: 222: 219: 218:Light current 215: 207: 205: 204: 201: 200:Light current 198:. 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