695:
perfect and imperfect. In a perfect usufruct, the usufructuary is entitled to the use of the property but cannot substantially change it. For example, an owner of a small business may become ill and grant the right of usufruct to an individual to run their business. The usufructuary thus has the right to operate the business and gain income from it, but does not have the right to, for example, tear down the business and replace it, or to sell it. The imperfect usufruct system gives the usufructuary some ability to modify the property. For example, if a land owner grants a piece of land to a usufructuary for agricultural use, the usufructuary may have the right to not only grow crops on the land but also make improvements that would help in farming, say by building a barn. However this can be disadvantageous to the usufructuary: if a usufructuary makes material improvements – such as a building, or fixtures attached to the building, or other fixed structures – to their usufruct, they do not own the improvements, and any money spent on those improvements would belong to the original owner at the end of the usufruct.
1018:. As a legacy of sanctions and a struggling economy, Cuba had accumulated many crumbling buildings that could not be repaired. These were torn down and the empty lots lay idle for years until the food shortages forced Cuban citizens to make use of every piece of land. Initially, this was an ad-hoc process where ordinary Cubans took the initiative to grow their own food in whatever piece of land was available. Tenure but not ownership was formalised with a legal framework using usufruct to give farmers rights on a profit-sharing basis to the products produced from the land, but not ownership rights to the land itself.
42:
845:
and obligations (of the living to those yet to be born). Jefferson's use of the word "living" is critical here: he meant that the usufructuaries of the world are those who are alive, not deceased past generations. This idea would profoundly influence
Jefferson over the course of his life, and would lead to his acknowledgement that the Constitution of the United States would be revised by future generations, and was part of the reason that the Constitution includes a provision for its own amendment.
2636:
1212:
895:
the surviving spouse. This simplifies handling household items since the surviving spouse is free to maintain, replace or dispose of them as he/she wishes during his/her lifetime, with the monetary value of the items going to the children. Title to assets does not pass, and the usufruct disappears on death or at the end of a term of years. A usufruct is distinct from a
819:, usufruct means the land is owned in common by the people, but families and individuals have the right to use certain plots of land. Land is considered village or communal land rather than owned by individual people. While people can take fruits of the land, they may not sell or abuse it in ways that stop future use of the land by the community.
1006:, is the right to receive for life the benefits of a property or other asset, without the right to dispose of the property or asset. An individual who enjoys this right is called a liferenter. The owner of a property burdened by a usufruct is called the fiar and right of ownership is known as the fee.
1035:
who may lack liquidity but possess valuable land assets. Usufructuary mortgages align with India's diverse economic landscape, facilitating financial access for those with immovable assets. The Indian legal system recognizes and regulates these transactions, emphasizing the nuanced role this mortgage
894:
The value of furniture and household items is calculated using a standard formula based on the appraised value of the estate's liquid and non-liquid assets, then the usufruct's value to the surviving spouse is subtracted, and finally the remaining balance is divided among the children on the death of
1030:
in the Indian market denotes a unique property financing arrangement where the mortgagor surrenders possession to the mortgagee, explicitly or implicitly. This distinctive mortgage type intertwines property ownership & loan repayment, granting the mortgagee the right to utilize and derive income
977:
statutorily created usufructs. In
Georgia, a usufruct is "rights or privileges usually arising out of landlord and tenant relationships, and with privileges granted to tenants holding less interest in real estate than estate for years". Under Georgia law, if a landowner grants a lease for fewer than
960:
accedes to descendants as bare title holders ("naked owners"); nevertheless, if that person has a living spouse, the latter will receive a usufruct in that portion of the estate until death or remarriage (La. Civil Code art. 890). Under certain other conditions, a usufruct may arise giving rights to
844:
means that, like a usufructuary, human beings have the right to use the earth for their own benefit and derive profit from it, but only to the extent that their actions do not impoverish the earth's bounty for future generations. It was, in other words, an expression both of rights (of the living)
694:
Generally, a usufruct is a system in which a person or group of persons uses the real property (often land) of another. The "usufructuary" does not own the property, but does have an interest in it, which is sanctioned or contractually allowed by the owner. Two different systems of usufruct exist:
978:
five years, the lease agreement is a usufruct, and the landowner retains the estate. Additionally, Georgia courts consider as a usufruct any relationship between a landowner and a lessee where the restrictions are "so pervasive as to be fundamentally inconsistent with the concept of an
2126:
886:
may elect to distribute the forced estate as is, or convert it into a usufruct, or break up the estate into a distributable portion and a usufruct good for the children's lifetime. If a usufruct is chosen, a value is set for the usufruct interest for
1064:
Usufruct, in short, differs qualitatively from the quid pro quo of reciprocity, exchange, and mutual aid — all of which are trapped within history's demeaning account books with their "just" ratios and their "honest" balance sheets.
1073:
What "civilization" has given us, in spite of itself, is the recognition that the ancient values of usufruct, complementarity, and the irreducible minimum must be extended from the kin group to humanity as a whole.
812:), but he could sell or lease his usufructuary interest. Even though a usufructuary did not have possessory title, he could sue for relief in the form of a modified possessory interdict (prohibiting order).
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940:
is a civil-law jurisdiction, specifically following the French and
Spanish models. In Louisiana, usufructs generally are created in a manner similar to other real rights, by
1153:
800:
of this property (on the basis that if he possessed at all, he did so through the owner), but he did have an interest in the property itself for a period, either a
761:
commodity on the property, including (among others) actual fruits, livestock and even rental payments derived from the property. These may be divided into civil (
2044:
2304:
1654:
675:), the right to alienate the thing possessed, either by consuming or destroying it (e.g., for profit), or by transferring it to someone else (e.g.,
2688:
552:
1430:
126:
2683:
2255:
2235:
1878:
451:
1420:
1179:
2678:
2339:
1578:
1295:
708:, individuals or groups may only acquire the usufruct of the property, not legal ownership. A usufruct is directly equatable to a
2650:
2209:
1773:
735:) of limited duration, usually for a person's lifetime. The holder of a usufruct, known as a usufructuary, has the right to use (
421:
2557:
1937:
2199:
1233:
335:
1371:
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from a thing possessed: for instance, by selling crops, leasing immovables or annexed movables, taxing for entry, and so on.
1595:
2230:
1647:
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The freedom of individuals in a community to appropriate resources merely by virtue of the fact that they are using them
433:
1460:
505:
400:
1276:
2505:
1947:
1820:
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1069:
He pairs the concept of usufruct with complementarity and the irreducible minimum as core to his ethical world view.
406:
41:
1248:
1984:
1962:
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one may make, as when selling the "fruits" (in both literal and figurative senses) of the land or leasing a house.
545:
326:
212:
1222:
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1620:
1322:
1229:
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805:
709:
457:
318:
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146:
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643:, as in usage of or access to) is the right to use or enjoy a thing possessed, directly and without altering it.
1915:
1640:
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121:
2121:
2088:
1868:
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1979:
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385:
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2618:
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2214:
1768:
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830:. The Law of Moses directed property owners not to harvest the edges of their fields, and reserved the
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1815:
1677:
1244:
1092:
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Philippine law relating to usufruct is set forth primarily in Title VI of the
Philippine Civil Code.
970:
279:
2604:
2292:
2287:
1974:
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1830:
1763:
863:
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369:
240:
2571:
1895:
1692:
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874:(with shares apportioned according to the number of children), with the rest of the estate – the
816:
758:
748:
259:
116:
101:
70:
982:", or the landowner retains "dominion and control" over the business operating on the property.
1550:
667:, as long as the property is not damaged or destroyed. The third civilian property interest is
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1969:
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883:
837:
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467:
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264:
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80:
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purposes and payable by the surviving spouse, on a sliding scale according to his/her age.
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2396:
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2175:
2131:
2032:
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1717:
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888:
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1825:
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1722:
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famously wrote in 1789 that "Earth belongs – in usufruct – to the living." Jefferson's
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1952:
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except that a usufruct can be granted for a term shorter than the holder's lifetime.
248:
75:
1347:
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from the property. Commonly employed in agricultural sectors, this arrangement aids
1014:
Usufruct has been revived as part of the agricultural change associated with Cuba's
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2527:
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2411:
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1697:
1461:"The Earth Belongs in Usufruct to the Living | The Papers of Thomas Jefferson"
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50:
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1446:
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937:
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804:, or a lifetime. Unlike the owner, the usufructuary did not have a right of
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501:
462:
269:
1036:
type plays in fostering economic activities, especially in rural settings.
17:
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1112:
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841:
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136:
796:), a beneficial right in another's property. The usufructuary never had
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2148:
2141:
2006:
1802:
1317:
774:
289:
141:
2329:
2281:
2050:
1535:
Allright
Parking of Georgia v. Joint City-County Bd. of Tax Assessors
1189:
1032:
859:
705:
1372:"Property Matters: The Ins and Outs Of a Usufruct - Property24.com"
1060:
Bookchin contrasts
Usufruct with other property relations, saying:
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2014:
1622:
The
Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy
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700:
680:
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624:
and mixed jurisdictions that unites the two property interests of
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492:
344:
106:
1636:
698:
In many usufructuary property systems, such as the traditional
2391:
1205:
524:
589:
580:
1597:
Local Food, Sustainability, and Cuba's
National Food Program
1632:
956:. Unless otherwise provided in a will, a person's share of
1529:, 267 Ga. App. 8, 14, 598 S.E.2d 791, 796 (2004) (quoting
1527:
Diversified Golf, LLC v. Hart County Bd. of Tax
Assessors
655:, as in the fruits of production) is the right to derive
598:
586:
577:
2468:
The Origin of the Family, Private
Property and the State
1504:, 246 Ga. 138, 140, 268 S.E.2d 901, 904 (1980) (quoting
1555:
Republic Act No. 386, The Civil Code of the Philippines
862:
usufruct applies in inheritances. Under French law an
1508:, 239 Ga. 816, 818 – 19, 238 S.E.2d 899, 901 (1977)).
663:
A usufruct is either granted in severalty or held in
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604:
595:
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2229:
2109:
1995:
1844:
1801:
1746:
1670:
1551:
Book II, Property, Ownership, and its Modifications
1422:
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Mexico 2003
1236:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
574:
1541:, 142 Ga. App. 172, 173, 235 S.E.2d 556 (1977)).
1154:Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians
773:), the latter of which, in Roman law, included
973:does not share Louisiana's civil law history,
899:or similar settlement. French law breaks with
870:passes to the deceased's surviving spouse and
822:Ancient examples of usufruct are found in the
687:). Someone enjoying all three rights has full
1648:
546:
8:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1539:Buoy v. Chatham County Bd. of Tax Assessors
1537:, 244 Ga. 378, 387, 260 S.E.2d 315 (1979);
952:. Nevertheless, they are typically granted
1999:
1655:
1641:
1633:
553:
539:
29:
1557:(June 18, 1949), Chan Robles Law Library.
1533:, 232 Ga. 37, 40, 205 S.E.2d 194 (1974);
1296:Learn how and when to remove this message
1309:
475:
377:
334:
297:
230:
154:
88:
57:
32:
27:Real right in civil law for limited use
739:) the property and enjoy its fruits (
127:Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
7:
1234:adding citations to reliable sources
1346:Staff, Investopedia (2003-11-24).
1180:Rights of way in England and Wales
1002:, by which a usufruct is known in
911:but rather a possessory interest.
788:, usufruct was a type of personal
727:, under which it is a subordinate
25:
1044:Usufruct is a central concept in
2635:
2634:
1210:
747:more or less corresponds to the
570:
40:
1327:. Oxford University Press. 1989
1221:needs additional citations for
1052:defines usufruct informally as
2689:Property law legal terminology
2200:Right of way (property access)
1:
1492:Ga. L. 1876, p. 35, § 1.
1465:jeffersonpapers.princeton.edu
434:Lateral and subjacent support
903:by construing a usufruct as
401:Practicing without a license
2684:Civil law legal terminology
2506:Two Treatises of Government
1567:Clifford L. Staten (2005).
1160:Mutualism (economic theory)
2705:
327:Doctrine of worthier title
2630:
2002:
1619:Bookchin, Murray (1982).
1323:Oxford English Dictionary
932:jurisdiction recognizing
458:Conflict of property laws
314:Rule against perpetuities
2679:Civil law (legal system)
2558:The Great Transformation
1916:Labor theory of property
1594:Audrey C. Fusco (2008).
975:Georgia General Assembly
878:– free to dispose of by
2127:Forest-dwelling (India)
2089:restraint on alienation
1869:Common good (economics)
1531:Camp v. Delta Air Lines
1400:Encyclopedia Britannica
1175:Right-of-way (railroad)
961:that person's parents.
928:is for the most part a
769:), and natural fruits (
309:Restraint on alienation
2566:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
2340:Primitive accumulation
2195:Right of way (transit)
1980:Tragedy of the commons
1862:fictitious commodities
1573:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1517:O.C.G.A. § 44-7-1
1170:Profit (real property)
1076:
1067:
1058:
336:Nonpossessory interest
2619:The Wealth of Nations
2599:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2591:The Ethics of Liberty
1071:
1062:
1054:
936:instead of usufruct,
866:portion known as the
794:servitutes personarum
285:Action to quiet title
2482:Progress and Poverty
1816:Common-pool resource
1230:improve this article
1093:Classical liberalism
767:fructus industriales
743:). In modern terms,
723:Usufruct comes from
280:Equitable conversion
2605:The Social Contract
2293:population transfer
2210:prior-appropriation
1889:homestead principle
1570:The History of Cuba
1425:. OECD Publishing.
1419:OECD (2003-11-04).
817:indigenous cultures
422:prior appropriation
370:Equitable servitude
2585:Murray N. Rothbard
1896:Free-rider problem
1483:La. C.C. art. 891.
1376:www.property24.com
1165:Perpetual usufruct
958:community property
948:("testament"), or
452:Quicquid plantatur
260:Deeds registration
102:Adverse possession
71:Community property
2661:
2660:
2572:What Is Property?
2365:human trafficking
2350:Regulatory taking
2225:
2224:
1970:Right to property
1432:978-92-64-10501-0
1306:
1305:
1298:
1280:
1138:Geolibertarianism
1040:In social ecology
824:Code of Hammurabi
771:fructus naturales
563:
562:
203:Concurrent estate
186:Defeasible estate
66:Personal property
16:(Redirected from
2696:
2638:
2637:
2542:John Stuart Mill
2462:Friedrich Engels
2443:Frédéric Bastiat
2436:
2288:Forced migration
2256:Collectivization
2000:
1879:First possession
1852:Bundle of rights
1657:
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1396:"Usufruct | law"
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1314:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1238:
1214:
1206:
1098:Common ownership
980:estate for years
950:operation of law
884:surviving spouse
849:Local variations
838:Thomas Jefferson
733:ius in re aliena
665:common ownership
620:right) found in
611:
610:
607:
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603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
555:
548:
541:
522:Higher category:
468:Security deposit
265:Estoppel by deed
208:Leasehold estate
81:Unowned property
44:
30:
21:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2626:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2373:husband-selling
2310:Illegal logging
2305:Illegal fishing
2234:
2221:
2132:Freedom to roam
2105:
2018:(agrarian land)
1991:
1948:Property rights
1840:
1797:
1759:Estate (landed)
1742:
1666:
1661:
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1506:Martin v. Heard
1500:
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1450:19:9-10, 23:22.
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1204:
1199:
1128:Freedom to roam
1123:Four Fs (legal)
1081:
1050:Murray Bookchin
1042:
1024:
1012:
996:
988:
967:
922:
917:
889:inheritance tax
882:. However, the
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851:
765:), industrial (
763:fructus civiles
721:
612:) is a limited
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569:
559:
520:
407:Property rights
405:
253:
191:Future interest
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156:Estates in land
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2261:Eminent domain
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2244:Bioprospecting
2240:
2238:
2236:redistribution
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2674:Property law
2646:Property law
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2556:
2552:Karl Polanyi
2532:
2528:Marcel Mauss
2518:
2504:
2495:David Harvey
2480:
2476:Henry George
2466:
2457:Ronald Coase
2447:
2432:
2378:wife selling
2360:bride buying
2298:repatriation
2280:
2231:Disposession
2185:
2074:Property law
2049:
2045:Forest types
2015:
2007:
1996:Applications
1957:
1926:rent-seeking
1911:Gift economy
1769:Intellectual
1621:
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1468:. Retrieved
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1403:. Retrieved
1399:
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1379:. Retrieved
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1355:. Retrieved
1352:Investopedia
1351:
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
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1240:
1228:Please help
1223:verification
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864:indefeasible
857:
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828:Law of Moses
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511:Criminal law
488:Contract law
450:
443:
417:Water rights
359:
320:
255:Strata title
241:
232:Conveyancing
213:Condominiums
49:Part of the
34:Property law
2520:Das Kapital
2407:progressive
2397:inheritance
2320:Land reform
2094:real estate
2069:Land tenure
2057:Inheritance
1985:anticommons
1921:Law of rent
1901:Game theory
1831:Information
1811:Common land
1708:Cooperative
1331:19 December
986:Philippines
934:life estate
876:free estate
713:life estate
671:(literally
223:Land tenure
218:Real estate
181:Life estate
89:Acquisition
2668:Categories
2651:by country
2613:Adam Smith
2500:John Locke
2164:indigenous
2159:aboriginal
2079:alienation
1774:indigenous
1764:Intangible
1678:Collective
1502:Roe v. Doe
1470:2018-08-03
1405:2018-08-03
1381:2018-08-03
1357:2018-08-03
1348:"Usufruct"
1318:"usufruct"
1256:newspapers
1245:"Usufruct"
1202:References
1195:Usucaption
1118:Fee simple
1087:Cestui que
930:common law
806:alienation
798:possession
729:real right
710:common-law
704:system in
614:real right
529:Common law
478:common law
439:Assignment
299:Future use
170:Fee simple
147:Alienation
51:common law
18:Usufructus
2514:Karl Marx
2315:Land Back
2266:Enclosure
2249:biopiracy
2187:Bergregal
2169:squatting
1943:Ownership
1857:Commodity
1836:Knowledge
1747:By nature
1703:Customary
1693:Community
1603:(Thesis).
1447:Leviticus
1185:Squatting
1148:Leasehold
1004:Scots law
938:Louisiana
920:Louisiana
909:servitude
901:Roman law
832:gleanings
790:servitude
786:Roman law
779:livestock
759:renewable
725:civil law
689:ownership
622:civil law
463:Blackacre
396:Partition
244:purchaser
242:Bona fide
196:remainder
122:Accession
117:Discovery
2641:Property
2534:The Gift
2433:key work
2428:Scholars
2412:property
2369:spousal
2335:Poaching
2271:Eviction
2215:riparian
2176:Littoral
2084:easement
2062:executor
2033:literary
1958:usufruct
1906:Georgism
1786:Tangible
1781:Personal
1688:Communal
1671:By owner
1664:Property
1286:May 2010
1143:Georgism
1113:Easement
1103:Dominium
1079:See also
1028:mortgage
1000:liferent
994:Scotland
842:metaphor
826:and the
815:In some
681:exchange
566:Usufruct
516:Evidence
493:Tort law
445:Nemo dat
427:riparian
386:Fixtures
365:Covenant
360:Usufruct
350:Easement
319:Rule in
275:Mortgage
175:Fee tail
137:Bailment
112:Conquest
2449:The Law
2355:Slavery
2181:Mineral
2149:Hunting
2142:pannage
2137:Grazing
2122:Fishing
2008:Acequia
1975:Rivalry
1963:women's
1821:Digital
1803:Commons
1738:Unowned
1713:Private
1270:scholar
1033:farmers
971:Georgia
965:Georgia
745:fructus
741:fructus
719:History
648:Fructus
630:fructus
506:estates
301:control
290:Escheat
142:License
2330:Piracy
2282:Farhud
2110:Rights
2051:Huerta
2023:Estate
1845:Theory
1826:Global
1728:Social
1718:Public
1683:Common
1577:
1429:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1190:Trover
969:While
860:France
854:France
810:abusus
784:Under
775:slaves
755:Fruits
749:profit
706:Mexico
669:abusus
657:profit
618:in rem
502:trusts
476:Other
355:Profit
53:series
2419:Theft
2205:Water
2099:title
2028:legal
2016:Ejido
1754:Croft
1733:State
1698:Crown
1601:(PDF)
1277:JSTOR
1263:books
1108:Dower
1022:India
897:trust
872:issue
701:ejido
673:abuse
653:fruit
498:Wills
480:areas
391:Waste
58:Types
2402:poll
2385:wage
2154:Land
2038:real
1791:real
1723:Self
1575:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1333:2018
1249:news
1010:Cuba
946:will
942:gift
880:will
777:and
737:usus
685:gift
677:sale
637:Usus
628:and
626:usus
616:(or
527:and
504:and
345:Lien
107:Deed
97:Gift
2392:Tax
2117:Air
1232:by
905:not
858:In
641:use
525:Law
2670::
1609:^
1553:,
1463:.
1398:.
1374:.
1350:.
1320:.
1048:.
998:A
907:a
781:.
691:.
683:,
679:,
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