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322:, on March 10, 1923, the youngest of three children of Fred Fitch, a cattle rancher, and his wife Frances née Logsdon, a school teacher. He had an older brother and sister. The family farm was about 4 square miles (10 km) in size. The ranch was small; his father specialized in raising breeding stock. Soon after his birth, his father was badly injured in a horse riding accident and could no longer work on his ranch, so the family moved to the nearby town of
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354:. Under this program, some 200,000 soldiers attended colleges for intensive courses. Fitch was in the program for less than a year before the manpower requirements of the war became too great, and the Army terminated the program. Most of the soldiers in the ASTP were posted to combat units, but Fitch was one of a hundred or so ASTP soldiers who joined the
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Val Fitch, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in
Physics for work that revealed a surprising imbalance in the laws of nature and helped explain why the collision of matter and antimatter has not destroyed everything in the universe, died on Thursday at his home in Princeton, N.J. He was 91.
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In 1949, Fitch married Elise
Cunningham, a secretary who worked in the laboratory at Columbia. They had two sons. Elise died in 1972, and in 1976 he married Daisy Harper Sharp, thereby acquiring two stepdaughters and a stepson. After obtaining his doctorate, Fitch's interest shifted to
535:
Distinguished
University Professor of Physics from 1982 to 1993, when he retired and took up the position of visiting lecturer with the rank of professor for three years before entering emeritus status. He was chair of the physics department from 1976 to 1981.
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realized in 1967 that it explained why the universe is largely made of matter and not antimatter. Put simply, they had found "the answer to the physicist's 'Why do we exist?'" For this discovery, Fitch and Cronin received the 1980
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needed to bring it all together. Initially nothing was found, but
Rainwater suggested expanding the search beyond the energy range predicted by Wheeler on the basis of the then-accepted size of the radius of the
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267:, that a reaction run in reverse does not retrace the path of the original reaction, which showed that the reactions of subatomic particles are not indifferent to time. Thus the phenomenon of
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on July 16, 1945. He was discharged from the Army in 1946. He continued to work at Los Alamos as a civilian for another year to earn money. He briefly returned to Los Alamos in summer 1948.
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in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus
Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding for the
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as around 1.4 Ă— 10 m. When this was done, they found what they had been looking for, discovering in the process that the nucleus was closer to 1.2 Ă— 10 m. He completed his
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had developed the thallium-activated sodium iodide gamma ray detector; and wartime advances in electronics yielded advances in components such as new
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in New Mexico. By mid-1944, about a third of the technicians at Los Alamos were from the SED. There he met many of the greats of physics including
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477:. These had never been observed; they were completely theoretical and there was no evidence that they existed, but it made a good thesis topic.
346:. This was during WWII; his studies were interrupted by being drafted into the US Army in 1943. After completing basic training, he was sent to
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Oral history interview transcript with Val Fitch on 18 December 1986, American
Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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emitted from mu-mesic atoms. As it turned out, this was a good time to search for them. Columbia had recently commissioned a
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from 1988 to 1989, and he served on a number of governmental science and science policy committees, including the
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Fitch is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in
Physics to sign a letter addressed to President
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reactions do not adhere to fundamental symmetry principles. Specifically, they proved, by examining the decay of
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was discovered. This demolished the faith that physicists had that natural laws were governed by symmetry.
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in 1954, writing his thesis on "Studies of X-rays from mu-mesonic atoms". The thesis was published in the
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had suggested had interesting properties worth investigating. They could decay into either matter or
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at
Brookhaven. They discovered an unexpected result. The decay of neutral K mesons did not respect
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Fitch, Val L.; Rainwater, James (November 1953). "Studies of X-Rays from Mu-Mesonic Atoms".
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449:, which Titterton had recommended. Fitch graduated from McGill with a bachelor's degree in
401:, in some cases attending physics courses taught by them. He worked in the group headed by
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591:. The importance of this result was not immediately appreciated; but as evidence of the
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799:. Niels Bohr Library and Archives, American Institute of Physics. Archived from
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spectrometer, and Fitch realized that it would be perfect for experiments with
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278:, Fitch was drafted into the U.S. Army during World War II, and worked on the
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1419:. Voices of the Manhattan Project. Atomic Heritage Foundation. March 26, 2008
453:
in 1948. On the advice of Jerry
Kellogg, who had been a student of Rabi's at
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1971:
1200:"Matter, Antimatter, and Why are We Here: CP violation may be the reason"
1126:
Christenson, J. H.; Cronin, J. W.; Fitch, V. L.; Turlay, R. (July 1964).
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17:
1046:"Val Fitch, Who Discovered Universe to Be Out of Balance, Is Dead at 91"
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8259:
1262:"Val L. Fitch, Princeton University. March 10, 1923 - February 5, 2015"
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547:. The two of them played bridge at nights while they waited for the
1176:"CP Symmetry Violation – The Search for Its Origin (Nobel lecture)"
437:
His wartime experiences led Fitch to decide to become a physicist.
1102:"Nobel laureate and Princeton physicist Val Fitch dies at age 91"
880:"Nobel laureate and Princeton physicist Val Fitch dies at age 91"
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to become available. Cronin had built a new kind of detector, a
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5692:
5206:
4262:
3998:
3957:
3208:
2947:
1436:
1338:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
797:"Interview with Val Fitch by Finn Aserud on December 18, 1986"
506:
461:
became his academic supervisor. Rainwater gave him a paper by
295:
9165:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
619:
in 1993. He was a member of the Board of Sponsors of the
425:, and worked at the Trinity site, where he witnessed the
641:
in 1966. In 1981, Fitch became a founding member of the
899:"The Army Specialized Training Program In World War II"
1411:
The Discovery of Charge – Conjugation Parity Asymmetry
480:
Fitch designed and built an experiment to measure the
9036:
358:(SED), which provided much-needed technicians to the
409:, and became well-acquainted with the techniques of
239:(March 10, 1923 – February 5, 2015) was an American
8283:
8252:
8185:
7974:
7843:
7757:
7650:
7499:
7348:
7169:
6975:
6823:
6742:
6644:
6533:
6444:
6365:
6293:
6235:
6144:
6036:
5927:
5808:
5703:
5614:
5506:
5360:
5236:
5217:
5113:
4922:
4736:
4554:
4410:
4273:
4215:
4156:
4068:
4028:
4009:
3802:
3647:
3486:
3343:
3242:
3113:
3082:
3057:
3038:
3014:
2983:
2584:
2241:
1930:
1708:
1474:
607:In addition to the Nobel Prize, Fitch received the
571:. Along with two colleagues, James Christenson and
218:
202:
183:
173:
140:
129:
89:
71:
50:
34:
318:Val Logsdon Fitch was born on a cattle ranch near
1360:"A Letter from America's Physics Nobel Laureates"
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
6284:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
9155:McGill University Faculty of Engineering alumni
365:The Army sent Fitch to the Manhattan Project's
9195:Brookhaven National Laboratory Nobel laureates
9140:Founding members of the World Cultural Council
1409:including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1980
678:National Institute of Standards and Technology
413:. He participated in the drop testing of mock
9225:Members of the American Philosophical Society
8443:
7726:
3969:
3220:
2959:
1448:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
8:
9210:United States Army personnel of World War II
698:"Some Notes on Wideband Feedback Amplifiers"
539:Fitch conducted much of his research at the
527:. In 1954, he joined the physics faculty at
9230:Presidents of the American Physical Society
3236:Presidents of the American Physical Society
1077:"Val Logsdon Fitch | Department of Physics"
928:"All in Our Time: The View from the Bottom"
873:
871:
869:
867:
645:and received the Golden Plate Award of the
587:did so faster than those that decayed into
8450:
8436:
8428:
7733:
7719:
7711:
6820:
6809:
6290:
6279:
5700:
5689:
5214:
5203:
4270:
4259:
4006:
3995:
3976:
3962:
3954:
3227:
3213:
3205:
2966:
2952:
2944:
1455:
1441:
1433:
1404:
878:Zandonella, Catherine (February 6, 2015).
42:
31:
1155:
1142:(4). American Physical Society: 138–140.
1007:(3). American Physical Society: 789–800.
965:"Studies of X-rays from Mu-Mesonic atoms"
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
9135:Fellows of the American Physical Society
687:, at the age of 91 on February 5, 2015.
310:from 1954 until his retirement in 2005.
209:Studies of X-rays from Mu-Mesonic Atoms
9043:
3985:United States National Medal of Science
1292:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
740:
844:
842:
840:
655:President's Science Advisory Committee
575:, they set up their experiment on the
423:Naval Auxiliary Air Station Salton Sea
922:
920:
639:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
342:for three years, then transferred to
306:. He was a member of the faculty at
7:
9200:Brookhaven National Laboratory staff
9185:People from Cherry County, Nebraska
9170:National Medal of Science laureates
1128:"Evidence for the 2Ď€ Decay of the K
9150:People from Los Alamos, New Mexico
8198:Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1387:. Nobel Foundation. March 17, 2009
725:United States Department of Energy
706:United States Department of Energy
543:, where he became acquainted with
25:
9215:Members of JASON (advisory group)
932:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
717:"A High Resolution Scale-of-four"
633:in 1964 and a Member of both the
629:. He was elected a Fellow of the
622:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
352:Army Specialized Training Program
9082:
9070:
9058:
9046:
8414:
8413:
727:(through predecessor agency the
708:(through predecessor agency the
577:Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
348:Carnegie Institute of Technology
253:Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
251:for a 1964 experiment using the
1346:American Academy of Achievement
1228:Horgan, John (April 16, 2006).
647:American Academy of Achievement
9160:Northwestern University alumni
1268:. National Academy of Sciences
944:10.1080/00963402.1975.11458205
702:Los Alamos National Laboratory
541:Brookhaven National Laboratory
257:Brookhaven National Laboratory
1:
4000:Behavioral and social science
609:Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award
583:. K mesons that decayed into
9220:People from Gordon, Nebraska
9190:Princeton University faculty
9180:American particle physicists
9125:Chadron State College alumni
8358:Oppenheimer security hearing
635:National Academy of Sciences
627:JASON defense advisory group
559:(now known as kaons), which
274:Born on a cattle ranch near
9205:United States Army soldiers
9120:American nuclear physicists
3494:Charles Christian Lauritsen
938:(2): 43–46. February 1975.
674:National Science Foundation
356:Special Engineer Detachment
9246:
9175:Nobel laureates in Physics
9130:Columbia University alumni
6888:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
3363:William Francis Gray Swann
1385:"Interview with Val Fitch"
1157:10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.138
823:"Interview with Val Fitch"
764:"Val Fitch – Biographical"
649:. He was president of the
613:John Price Wetherill Medal
492:that could produce muons;
290:. He later graduated from
150:John Price Wetherill Medal
102:Carnegie Mellon University
27:American nuclear physicist
8466:
8411:
8301:Bismuth phosphate process
8296:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
7748:
6819:
6808:
6289:
6278:
5863:William Hayward Pickering
5699:
5688:
5213:
5202:
4269:
4258:
4005:
3994:
3930:Sylvester James Gates Jr.
3274:Edward Leamington Nichols
3132:
651:American Physical Society
631:American Physical Society
617:National Medal of Science
259:that proved that certain
230:
166:
160:National Medal of Science
41:
9145:Manhattan Project people
9115:American Nobel laureates
8458:Founding members of the
7312:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
6758:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
4389:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
3667:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
3500:John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
3328:Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
852:. Soylent Communications
729:Atomic Energy Commission
710:Atomic Energy Commission
243:who, with co-researcher
8519:André Frédéric Cournand
8378:S-1 Executive Committee
8326:Einstein–Szilard letter
6623:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
4541:George Ledyard Stebbins
4462:James Augustine Shannon
3685:Arthur Leonard Schawlow
3441:Arthur Jeffrey Dempster
3429:Percy Williams Bridgman
3304:Robert Andrews Millikan
1417:"Val Fitch's Interview"
1136:Physical Review Letters
683:He died at his home in
419:Wendover Army Air Field
350:for training under the
344:Northwestern University
247:, was awarded the 1980
98:Northwestern University
8460:World Cultural Council
7820:Salt Wells Pilot Plant
7080:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
7067:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
6023:Harry George Drickamer
5969:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
5643:M. Frederick Hawthorne
5517:John D. Baldeschwieler
4757:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
4439:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
3584:John Archibald Wheeler
3471:Francis Wheeler Loomis
3405:John Torrence Tate Sr.
3292:Benjamin Osgood Peirce
3250:Henry Augustus Rowland
3138:Nobel Prize recipients
3084:Physiology or Medicine
3031:(Poland/United States)
1468:Nobel Prize in Physics
1317:World Cultural Council
1021:10.1103/PhysRev.92.789
643:World Cultural Council
602:Nobel Prize in Physics
451:electrical engineering
417:that was conducted at
249:Nobel Prize in Physics
155:Nobel Prize in Physics
8775:Marshall W. Nirenberg
8770:William A. Nierenberg
8730:Vernon B. Mountcastle
8539:Jean-François Denisse
8471:Christian B. Anfinsen
8398:X-10 Graphite Reactor
8353:Nobel Prize laureates
8223:509th Composite Group
7671:Sylvester James Gates
7057:William Alfred Fowler
7039:Robert Rathbun Wilson
6852:Robert Burns Woodward
5664:Geraldine L. Richmond
5412:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
4695:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
4624:Vernon B. Mountcastle
4480:Sterling B. Hendricks
4297:Marshall W. Nirenberg
4292:Theodosius Dobzhansky
4140:William Julius Wilson
3787:Jerome Isaac Friedman
3465:J. Robert Oppenheimer
3286:William Francis Magie
3262:Arthur Gordon Webster
3048:Adolfo PĂ©rez Esquivel
1044:(February 10, 2015).
731:), (August 25, 1949).
685:Princeton, New Jersey
367:Los Alamos Laboratory
340:Chadron State College
284:Los Alamos Laboratory
94:Chadron State College
83:Princeton, New Jersey
8870:William G. Schneider
8865:Menahem Max Schiffer
8849:Hakim Muhammad Saeed
8823:Chintamani N. R. Rao
8561:Jacques-Émile Dubois
8306:British contribution
8208:Operation Peppermint
8203:Operation Crossroads
8062:Maria Goeppert Mayer
7642:Warren M. Washington
7606:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
7515:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
7460:Martin Schwarzschild
7241:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
7233:J. Robert Schrieffer
7203:E. Margaret Burbidge
7047:Nicolaas Bloembergen
7024:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
6903:Vladimir K. Zworykin
6655:John Griggs Thompson
6578:Martin David Kruskal
6418:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
5891:Erwin Wilhelm MĂĽller
5845:Ralph Brazelton Peck
5800:Jack St. Clair Kilby
5727:John Robinson Pierce
5694:Engineering sciences
5625:Jacqueline K. Barton
5480:George M. Whitesides
5399:Dudley R. Herschbach
5337:Richard B. Bernstein
5306:Walter H. Stockmayer
4854:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
4785:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
4675:Stanley Norman Cohen
4662:Rita Levi-Montalcini
4498:Keith Roberts Porter
4361:Alfred H. Sturtevant
4356:Michael Heidelberger
4328:Fritz Albert Lipmann
3751:Donald N. Langenberg
3739:Nicolaas Bloembergen
3608:Edward Mills Purcell
3518:Raymond Thayer Birge
3316:Joseph Sweetman Ames
1248:"APS Fellow Archive"
1174:(December 8, 1980).
1106:Princeton University
884:Princeton University
712:), (March 16, 1949).
666:Department of Energy
657:from 1970 to 1973.
529:Princeton University
469:, atoms in which an
427:Trinity nuclear test
411:experimental physics
308:Princeton University
294:, and completed his
195:Princeton University
145:E. O. Lawrence Award
8803:Comlan A. A. Quenum
8765:Bernhard H. Neumann
8662:Vassos Karageorghis
8599:José Rafael Estrada
8527:Eduardo de Robertis
8067:George Kistiakowsky
8022:Charles Critchfield
7692:Shirley Ann Jackson
7611:Charles P. Slichter
7455:Marshall Rosenbluth
7447:Wallace S. Broecker
7400:Eugene M. Shoemaker
7161:Victor F. Weisskopf
7108:Herbert S. Gutowsky
7090:Edgar Bright Wilson
6931:George Kistiakowsky
6549:Stephen Cole Kleene
6060:George H. Heilmeier
6047:Mildred Dresselhaus
5938:Edward H. Heinemann
5868:Frederick E. Terman
5832:Richard T. Whitcomb
5753:Clarence L. Johnson
5714:Theodore von Kármán
5601:Stephen J. Benkovic
5580:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
5567:Marvin H. Caruthers
5522:Ralph F. Hirschmann
5462:Darleane C. Hoffman
5352:Harden M. McConnell
5293:Frank H. Westheimer
5105:Stanley B. Prusiner
5069:Robert J. Lefkowitz
4828:Howard Martin Temin
4685:Maurice R. Hilleman
4680:Joseph L. Goldstein
4619:Donald A. Henderson
4536:Earl Reece Stadtman
4521:Elizabeth C. Crosby
4485:Orville Alvin Vogel
4315:Donald D. Van Slyke
4264:Biological sciences
3924:Philip H. Bucksbaum
3816:William F. Brinkman
3703:Mildred Dresselhaus
3626:Joseph Edward Mayer
3602:Luis Walter Alvarez
3566:John Harry Williams
3393:Harrison M. Randall
3351:Karl Taylor Compton
3256:Albert A. Michelson
1342:www.achievement.org
1288:"Val Logsdon Fitch"
1148:1964PhRvL..13..138C
1013:1953PhRv...92..789F
969:Columbia University
721:Columbia University
455:Columbia University
304:Columbia University
115:Columbia University
9077:Nuclear technology
9065:History of science
8996:Eugene van Tamelen
8985:Jean L. F. Tricart
8975:Jan Peter Toennies
8961:Peter C. Thonemann
8923:Heikki Suomalainen
8861:Stuart J. Saunders
8839:Stanley K. Runcorn
8835:Abraham J. A. Roux
8813:G. N. Ramachandran
8750:Jayant V. Narlikar
8745:Ilie G. Murgulescu
8735:Robert S. Mulliken
8694:William D. McElroy
8536:Guy Blaudin de Thé
8494:Christiaan Barnard
8132:Henry DeWolf Smyth
7911:Robert Oppenheimer
7866:Priscilla Duffield
7564:G. Brent Dalrymple
7382:Arthur L. Schawlow
7289:James A. Van Allen
7180:Philip W. Anderson
7136:Richard P. Feynman
7062:Linus Carl Pauling
6697:Dennis P. Sullivan
6254:John B. Goodenough
6187:Edwin N. Lightfoot
6155:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
6136:Kenneth N. Stevens
5904:Raymond D. Mindlin
5827:Harold E. Edgerton
5672:A. Paul Alivisatos
5551:Stephen J. Lippard
5530:Ernest R. Davidson
5467:Harold S. Johnston
5301:William S. Johnson
5265:George C. Pimentel
5100:Susan L. Lindquist
5082:Francis S. Collins
4976:Victor A. McKusick
4951:Francisco J. Ayala
4933:Nancy C. Andreasen
4883:Robert A. Weinberg
4657:Har Gobind Khorana
4642:Michael E. DeBakey
4629:George Emil Palade
4601:Wendell L. Roelofs
4591:Howard L. Bachrach
4421:Barbara McClintock
4323:Edward F. Knipling
3888:Malcolm R. Beasley
3852:Arthur Bienenstock
3727:James A. Krumhansl
3673:Lewis M. Branscomb
3560:William V. Houston
3530:Henry DeWolf Smyth
3459:Lee Alvin DuBridge
3399:Lyman James Briggs
3387:Floyd K. Richtmyer
3104:George Davis Snell
1403:on Nobelprize.org
1234:The New York Times
1051:The New York Times
825:. Nobel Foundation
766:. Nobel Foundation
533:James S. McDonnell
515:in November 1953.
490:Nevis Laboratories
443:Cornell University
405:, a member of the
320:Merriman, Nebraska
276:Merriman, Nebraska
65:Merriman, Nebraska
9034:
9033:
9011:William J. Whelan
8970:Alexander R. Todd
8965:Phillip V. Tobias
8919:Frederick Stewart
8889:Leonard T. Skeggs
8715:Desmond J. Morris
8682:Georges B. Koelle
8649:Adrian Kantrowitz
8644:Reginald V. Jones
8626:Alfred D. Hershey
8596:Kenneth O. Emergy
8542:Venancio Deulofeu
8532:Cornelis de Jager
8425:
8424:
8347:Los Alamos Primer
8336:Interim Committee
8291:African Americans
8243:The Great Artiste
8102:Isidor Isaac Rabi
8097:Norman Ramsey Jr.
7896:Franklin Matthias
7835:Heavy water sites
7742:Manhattan Project
7708:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7637:Esther M. Conwell
7577:Robert N. Clayton
7569:Riccardo Giacconi
7533:Raymond Davis Jr.
7421:Albert Overhauser
7364:Edwin M. McMillan
7325:Arnold O. Beckman
7302:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
7279:Paul C. Lauterbur
7256:Robert Hofstadter
7208:Maurice Goldhaber
7195:Charles H. Townes
7146:Edward M. Purcell
7113:Frederick Rossini
6967:Wolfgang Panofsky
6898:John H. Van Vleck
6814:Physical sciences
6804:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6766:Solomon W. Golomb
6726:Andrew J. Viterbi
6721:Leonard Kleinrock
6668:Calyampudi R. Rao
6636:Ronald R. Coifman
6544:George F. Carrier
6525:Donald C. Spencer
6520:Saunders Mac Lane
6455:Marshall H. Stone
6405:Shiing-Shen Chern
6312:Solomon Lefschetz
6274:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6211:David J. Wineland
6179:John M. Prausnitz
6120:C. Kumar N. Patel
6115:James L. Flanagan
6083:John Roy Whinnery
6070:H. Guyford Stever
6052:Nick Holonyak Jr.
6015:George W. Housner
6010:Willis M. Hawkins
6005:Daniel C. Drucker
5987:Robert Byron Bird
5979:Bernard M. Oliver
5886:Peter C. Goldmark
5873:Wernher von Braun
5819:George E. Mueller
5792:Nathan M. Newmark
5787:J. Presper Eckert
5766:Claude E. Shannon
5735:Charles S. Draper
5684:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5651:Judith P. Klinman
5535:Gábor A. Somorjai
5446:Isabella L. Karle
5433:George S. Hammond
5394:Gertrude B. Elion
5347:Rudolph A. Marcus
5198:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5124:Ralph L. Brinster
5043:Torsten N. Wiesel
5020:Norman E. Borlaug
5007:Solomon H. Snyder
5002:J. Michael Bishop
4961:Mario R. Capecchi
4841:Salome G. Waelsch
4772:E. Donnall Thomas
4647:Theodor O. Diener
4546:Paul Alfred Weiss
4374:Bernard B. Brodie
4310:George G. Simpson
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4199:Michael I. Posner
4100:Eleanor J. Gibson
4052:George J. Stigler
4020:Neal Elgar Miller
3951:
3950:
3882:Michael S. Turner
3721:Val Logsdon Fitch
3691:Maurice Goldhaber
3655:William A. Fowler
3590:Charles H. Townes
3477:Isidor Isaac Rabi
3310:Henry A. Bumstead
3202:
3201:
3115:Economic Sciences
3073:Val Logsdon Fitch
2941:
2940:
1401:Val Logsdon Fitch
1266:www.nasonline.org
1081:phy.princeton.edu
897:Keefer, Louis E.
670:Office of Science
521:strange particles
494:Robert Hofstadter
473:is replaced by a
447:McGill University
399:Richard C. Tolman
383:Isidor Isaac Rabi
360:Manhattan Project
334:Manhattan Project
292:McGill University
280:Manhattan Project
241:nuclear physicist
237:Val Logsdon Fitch
234:
233:
190:Manhattan Project
168:Scientific career
106:McGill University
36:Val Logsdon Fitch
16:(Redirected from
9237:
9087:
9086:
9075:
9074:
9073:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9051:
9050:
9049:
9042:
9021:Rosalyn S. Yalow
9016:Karel F. Wiesner
9001:Ulf S. von Euler
8980:Andrzej Trautman
8905:Leonard Sosnowky
8875:Glenn T. Seaborg
8844:Donald H. Sadler
8799:Jens J. Pindborg
8785:Arthur B. Pardee
8780:George E. Palade
8755:Louis E. F. NĂ©el
8720:Giuseppe Moruzzi
8705:Jerrold Meinwald
8685:Walther Manshard
8654:Nathan O. Kaplan
8631:Gerhard Herzberg
8622:Carl G. Gahmberg
8588:Mohammed El Fasi
8523:William J. Darby
8514:Harold G. Callan
8452:
8445:
8438:
8429:
8417:
8416:
8368:Quebec Agreement
8152:John von Neumann
8092:George B. Pegram
7901:Dorothy McKibbin
7735:
7728:
7721:
7712:
7520:Gilbert F. White
7465:George Wetherill
7359:Allan M. Cormack
7317:Jack Steinberger
7297:D. Allan Bromley
7246:H. Richard Crane
7223:Frederick Reines
7213:Helmut Landsberg
7128:George Uhlenbeck
7029:Vladimir Haensel
6991:Allan R. Sandage
6962:Herbert C. Brown
6944:Herbert Friedman
6870:Leon M. Lederman
6842:Julian Schwinger
6821:
6810:
6779:Alexandre Chorin
6753:Richard A. Tapia
6734:David B. Mumford
6562:Alberto CalderĂłn
6507:Joseph B. Keller
6494:Michael Freedman
6463:Herman Goldstine
6317:H. Marston Morse
6291:
6280:
6219:Rudolf E. Kálmán
6203:Robert S. Langer
6195:Jan D. Achenbach
6028:Herbert E. Grier
5779:Igor I. Sikorsky
5740:Othmar H. Ammann
5701:
5690:
5656:Jerrold Meinwald
5425:Norman Hackerman
5404:Glenn T. Seaborg
5319:William O. Baker
5247:F. Albert Cotton
5215:
5204:
5181:Mary-Claire King
5074:Bert W. O'Malley
5030:Thomas E. Starzl
5025:Phillip A. Sharp
5012:Charles Yanofsky
4994:Evelyn M. Witkin
4989:James E. Darnell
4815:Paul C. Zamecnik
4780:Mary Ellen Avery
4752:Herbert W. Boyer
4747:Baruj Benacerraf
4718:Joshua Lederberg
4708:Viktor Hamburger
4670:Michael S. Brown
4516:Robert H. Burris
4271:
4260:
4207:Mortimer Mishkin
4132:William K. Estes
4116:Roger N. Shepard
4108:Robert K. Merton
4092:George A. Miller
4039:Herbert A. Simon
4007:
3996:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3955:
3858:Cherry A. Murray
3775:D. Allan Bromley
3745:Ernest M. Henley
3733:Eugen Merzbacher
3709:Robert R. Wilson
3548:Victor Weisskopf
3542:George Uhlenbeck
3417:George B. Pegram
3229:
3222:
3215:
3206:
3140:
3092:Baruj Benacerraf
3005:Frederick Sanger
2968:
2961:
2954:
2945:
2934:
2918:
2902:
2886:
2870:
2854:
2838:
2822:
2806:
2794:
2778:
2766:
2754:
2738:
2726:
2710:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2654:
2638:
2622:
2606:
2577:
2561:
2549:
2533:
2517:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2433:
2417:
2401:
2389:
2373:
2365:
2353:
2341:
2333:
2317:
2305:
2289:
2273:
2257:
2234:
2218:
2206:
2190:
2174:
2166:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2106:
2090:
2074:
2066:
2054:
2046:
2034:
2018:
2006:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1958:
1946:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1720:
1701:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1606:
1598:
1596:Kamerlingh Onnes
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1498:
1486:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1429:Video interview.
1428:
1426:
1424:
1408:
1397:Video interview.
1396:
1394:
1392:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1209:. April 17, 1998
1204:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1172:Cronin, James W.
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1038:
1025:
1024:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
924:
915:
914:
912:
910:
905:on July 27, 2008
901:. Archived from
894:
888:
887:
875:
862:
861:
859:
857:
846:
835:
834:
832:
830:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
803:on April 2, 2015
793:
776:
775:
773:
771:
760:
615:in 1976 and the
403:Ernest Titterton
324:Gordon, Nebraska
220:Doctoral advisor
214:
178:Particle physics
78:
75:February 5, 2015
60:
58:
46:
32:
21:
9245:
9244:
9240:
9239:
9238:
9236:
9235:
9234:
9095:
9094:
9093:
9081:
9071:
9069:
9059:
9057:
9047:
9045:
9037:
9035:
9030:
8992:Constantin Vago
8957:Harold Thompson
8932:Charles Tanford
8909:Roger W. Sperry
8901:George D. Snell
8897:George J. Smets
8885:Frederick Seitz
8880:Ernest R. Sears
8795:Jacques Piccard
8675:Seymour S. Kety
8670:Donald W. Kerst
8613:David J. Finney
8603:Hans J. Eysenck
8592:Ernest L. Eliel
8570:Francisco J. Dy
8556:Audouin Dollfus
8551:Richard S. Doll
8499:Colin Blakemore
8462:
8456:
8426:
8421:
8407:
8373:RaLa Experiment
8279:
8248:
8213:Project Alberta
8181:
8177:Chien-Shiung Wu
8107:James Rainwater
8042:Richard Feynman
8032:John R. Dunning
8007:Norris Bradbury
7970:
7956:Stafford Warren
7926:William Purnell
7906:Kenneth Nichols
7886:Ernest Lawrence
7861:James B. Conant
7839:
7753:
7744:
7739:
7709:
7696:
7684:Sean C. Solomon
7646:
7598:Daniel Kleppner
7590:Lonnie Thompson
7585:Ralph A. Alpher
7551:W. Jason Morgan
7538:Charles Keeling
7528:Marvin L. Cohen
7495:
7478:John N. Bahcall
7473:Don L. Anderson
7439:Peter Goldreich
7392:Steven Weinberg
7344:
7274:Walter Elsasser
7251:Herman Feshbach
7165:
7103:Samuel Goudsmit
7095:Chien-Shiung Wu
7034:Frederick Seitz
7001:John A. Wheeler
6986:Robert H. Dicke
6971:
6834:Luis W. Alvarez
6815:
6796:
6784:David Blackwell
6738:
6689:Carl R. de Boor
6660:Karen Uhlenbeck
6640:
6594:Louis Nirenberg
6529:
6502:Ralph E. Gomory
6440:
6436:Donald E. Knuth
6423:Hassler Whitney
6361:
6285:
6266:
6231:
6163:Andreas Acrivos
6140:
6128:Eli Ruckenstein
6107:Hermann A. Haus
6078:Calvin F. Quate
6065:Luna B. Leopold
6032:
5923:
5909:Robert N. Noyce
5899:Emmett N. Leith
5858:Manson Benedict
5840:Rudolf Kompfner
5804:
5758:Warren K. Lewis
5695:
5676:
5610:
5572:Peter B. Dervan
5543:John I. Brauman
5502:
5454:Norman Davidson
5381:John D. Roberts
5356:
5324:Konrad E. Bloch
5270:Richard N. Zare
5232:
5209:
5190:
5147:Sallie Chisholm
5129:Rudolf Jaenisch
5109:
5092:J. Craig Venter
5051:Rita R. Colwell
4918:
4904:David Baltimore
4795:Robert W. Kates
4767:David G. Nathan
4762:Edward B. Lewis
4732:
4728:Harland G. Wood
4723:Roger W. Sperry
4578:Glenn W. Burton
4550:
4526:Arthur Kornberg
4493:Roger Guillemin
4470:Hallowell Davis
4434:Daniel I. Arnon
4426:Albert B. Sabin
4406:
4379:Detlev W. Bronk
4351:Harry F. Harlow
4346:Kenneth S. Cole
4333:William C. Rose
4305:Francis P. Rous
4265:
4246:
4211:
4191:Gordon H. Bower
4152:
4148:Robert M. Solow
4064:
4060:Milton Friedman
4024:
4001:
3990:
3982:
3952:
3947:
3936:Frances Hellman
3834:Marvin L. Cohen
3822:Myriam Sarachik
3810:George Trilling
3798:
3793:James S. Langer
3769:J.R. Schrieffer
3679:Herman Feshbach
3643:
3638:Chien-Shiung Wu
3620:Philip M. Morse
3554:Frederick Seitz
3482:
3447:Harvey Fletcher
3339:
3238:
3233:
3203:
3198:
3136:
3128:
3125:(United States)
3109:
3106:(United States)
3094:(United States)
3078:
3075:(United States)
3069:(United States)
3053:
3034:
3010:
3007:(Great Britain)
3001:(United States)
2995:(United States)
2979:
2972:
2942:
2937:
2921:
2905:
2889:
2873:
2857:
2841:
2825:
2809:
2797:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2741:
2729:
2713:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2657:
2641:
2625:
2609:
2593:
2586:
2580:
2564:
2552:
2536:
2527:Cohen-Tannoudji
2520:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2436:
2420:
2404:
2392:
2376:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2336:
2320:
2308:
2292:
2276:
2260:
2248:
2237:
2221:
2209:
2193:
2177:
2169:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2109:
2093:
2077:
2069:
2057:
2049:
2037:
2021:
2009:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1774:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1723:
1715:
1704:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1501:
1489:
1481:
1470:
1461:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1230:"Rent-a-Genius"
1227:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1056:
1054:
1040:
1039:
1028:
1000:Physical Review
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
963:
962:
958:
948:
946:
926:
925:
918:
908:
906:
896:
895:
891:
877:
876:
865:
855:
853:
848:
847:
838:
828:
826:
821:
820:
816:
806:
804:
795:
794:
779:
769:
767:
762:
761:
742:
738:
693:
597:Andrei Sakharov
561:Yale University
512:Physical Review
459:James Rainwater
435:
433:Academic career
407:British Mission
338:Fitch attended
336:
316:
225:James Rainwater
212:
158:
153:
148:
113:
104:
100:
96:
85:
80:
76:
67:
62:
56:
54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9243:
9241:
9233:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9097:
9096:
9092:
9091:
9079:
9067:
9055:
9032:
9031:
9029:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8990:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8942:John M. Tedder
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8903:
8898:
8895:
8890:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8859:
8854:
8853:Nobufusa Saito
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8833:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8818:Gunnar Randers
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8797:
8792:
8790:David Phillips
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8740:Walter H. Munk
8737:
8732:
8727:
8725:Nevill F. Mott
8722:
8717:
8712:
8710:Harry Melville
8707:
8702:
8701:John McMichael
8699:
8698:Henry McIlwain
8696:
8691:
8686:
8683:
8680:
8679:Prem N. Kirpal
8677:
8672:
8667:
8664:
8659:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8638:
8636:David H. Hubel
8633:
8628:
8623:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8608:Don W. Fawcett
8605:
8600:
8597:
8594:
8589:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8574:John C. Eccles
8571:
8568:
8566:Gerald Durrell
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8546:Frank J. Dixon
8543:
8540:
8537:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8509:Norman Borlaug
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8485:M. Balasegaram
8483:
8481:James Baddiley
8478:
8473:
8467:
8464:
8463:
8457:
8455:
8454:
8447:
8440:
8432:
8423:
8422:
8412:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8316:Chicago Pile-1
8313:
8311:Calutron Girls
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8287:
8285:
8284:Related topics
8281:
8280:
8278:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8239:
8232:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8189:
8187:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8147:Stanisław Ulam
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8082:Edwin McMillan
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8027:Harry Daghlian
8024:
8019:
8017:John Cockcroft
8014:
8012:James Chadwick
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7978:
7976:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7936:Charles Thomas
7933:
7931:Frank Spedding
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7891:James Marshall
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7871:Thomas Farrell
7868:
7863:
7858:
7856:Arthur Compton
7853:
7847:
7845:
7844:Administrators
7841:
7840:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7772:
7767:
7761:
7759:
7755:
7754:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7730:
7723:
7715:
7706:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7689:
7686:
7681:
7679:Burton Richter
7676:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7654:
7652:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7632:Yakir Aharonov
7629:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7600:
7595:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7579:
7574:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7546:Richard Garwin
7543:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7510:Willis E. Lamb
7507:
7503:
7501:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7449:
7444:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7402:
7397:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7269:Philip Abelson
7266:
7263:
7261:Chen-Ning Yang
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7235:
7230:
7228:Bruno B. Rossi
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7185:Yoichiro Nambu
7182:
7177:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6996:John C. Slater
6993:
6988:
6983:
6979:
6977:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6883:Jacob Bjerknes
6880:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6836:
6831:
6827:
6825:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6715:
6710:
6707:
6702:
6699:
6694:
6691:
6686:
6683:
6681:James G. Glimm
6678:
6675:
6673:Elias M. Stein
6670:
6665:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6648:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6625:
6620:
6617:
6615:Shing-Tung Yau
6612:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6596:
6591:
6588:
6583:
6580:
6575:
6572:
6567:
6564:
6559:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6483:
6481:Antoni Zygmund
6478:
6473:
6470:
6468:Isadore Singer
6465:
6460:
6457:
6452:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6431:Joseph L. Doob
6428:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6412:
6410:George Dantzig
6407:
6402:
6400:John W. Backus
6397:
6394:
6389:
6386:
6381:
6378:
6376:Richard Brauer
6373:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6357:William Feller
6354:
6351:
6346:
6343:
6338:
6335:
6330:
6327:
6322:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6306:
6304:Norbert Wiener
6301:
6297:
6295:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6262:Thomas Kailath
6259:
6256:
6251:
6248:
6243:
6239:
6237:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6221:
6216:
6213:
6208:
6205:
6200:
6197:
6192:
6189:
6184:
6181:
6176:
6173:
6168:
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5288:Carl S. Marvel
5285:
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5260:Roald Hoffmann
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5176:Stanley Falkow
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4971:Gene E. Likens
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4956:George F. Bass
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4938:Peter H. Raven
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2263:P. W. Anderson
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2084:Goeppert Mayer
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2019:
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1373:External links
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662:George W. Bush
503:atomic nucleus
467:mu-mesic atoms
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375:James Chadwick
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130:Known for
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79:(aged 91)
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61:March 10, 1923
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8689:Georges Mathé
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8666:Peter E. Kent
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8331:Franck Report
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8167:Robert Wilson
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8142:Edward Teller
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8117:Glenn Seaborg
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7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7881:John Lansdale
7879:
7877:
7876:Leslie Groves
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7851:Vannevar Bush
7849:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7780:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7747:
7743:
7736:
7731:
7729:
7724:
7722:
7717:
7716:
7713:
7693:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7649:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7624:James E. Gunn
7622:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7556:Edward Witten
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7492:
7489:
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7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
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7450:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7374:Roger Revelle
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7341:
7340:Henry Stommel
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7330:Eugene Parker
7328:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
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7244:
7242:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7190:Edward Teller
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7168:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7156:Lyman Spitzer
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7075:Hans A. Bethe
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7019:Maurice Ewing
7017:
7015:
7014:Carl Djerassi
7012:
7009:
7007:
7006:Saul Winstein
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6974:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6954:Eugene Wigner
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6939:Paul Bartlett
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6926:Louis Hammett
6924:
6922:
6921:Gregory Breit
6919:
6917:
6916:Francis Birch
6914:
6912:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6875:William Rubey
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6811:
6807:
6793:
6792:Michael Artin
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6705:Bradley Efron
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6631:Felix Browder
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6607:Stephen Smale
6605:
6603:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6554:John McCarthy
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6515:Samuel Karlin
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
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6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6325:Oscar Zariski
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6281:
6277:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6249:
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6244:
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6234:
6228:
6225:
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6220:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6198:
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6188:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6143:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6099:Ray W. Clough
6097:
6094:
6092:
6091:Alfred Y. Cho
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5961:John G. Trump
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5774:Edwin H. Land
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5722:Vannevar Bush
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5687:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5638:Allen J. Bard
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5593:JoAnne Stubbe
5591:
5589:
5588:Joanna Fowler
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5498:Susan Solomon
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5342:Melvin Calvin
5340:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Yuan Tseh Lee
5281:
5279:
5278:Harry B. Gray
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5252:Gilbert Stork
5250:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5201:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:Bruce Alberts
5158:
5156:
5155:May Berenbaum
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5061:Lubert Stryer
5059:
5057:
5056:Nina Fedoroff
5054:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5038:Anthony Fauci
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:Harold Varmus
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4914:Lynn Margulis
4912:
4910:
4909:Jared Diamond
4907:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:Thomas Eisner
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:Maxine Singer
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4805:Paul A. Marks
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4614:Stanley Cohen
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4503:Efraim Racker
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4457:James V. Neel
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4369:Horace Barker
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Sewall Wright
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4257:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4226:Anne Treisman
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Kenneth Arrow
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4047:Anne Anastasi
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3943:
3942:Robert Rosner
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3912:Roger Falcone
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3864:Curtis Callan
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:John Hopfield
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
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3632:Pief Panofsky
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3614:Robert Serber
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3572:Robert Bacher
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3453:Edward Condon
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3369:Paul D. Foote
3367:
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3334:Dayton Miller
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2515:R. Richardson
2512:
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2347:Chandrasekhar
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2029:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
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1933:
1929:
1922:
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1869:
1866:
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1854:
1847:
1840:
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1832:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1820:G. P. Thomson
1817:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1765:
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1747:
1742:
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1738:O. Richardson
1734:
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1576:
1573:
1572:Van der Waals
1568:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1536:J. J. Thomson
1532:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1497:
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1488:
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1361:
1355:
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1318:
1314:
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1249:
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1235:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1047:
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1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
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1001:
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990:
978:
974:
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966:
960:
957:
945:
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937:
933:
929:
923:
921:
917:
904:
900:
893:
890:
885:
881:
874:
872:
870:
868:
864:
851:
845:
843:
841:
837:
824:
818:
815:
802:
798:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
778:
765:
759:
757:
755:
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751:
749:
747:
745:
741:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:
707:
703:
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695:
694:
690:
688:
686:
681:
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675:
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667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:
618:
614:
611:in 1968, the
610:
605:
603:
598:
595:accumulated,
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:spark chamber
550:
546:
542:
537:
534:
530:
526:
522:
516:
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513:
508:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:Robert Bacher
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:Edward Teller
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
331:
329:
328:valedictorian
325:
321:
313:
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309:
305:
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297:
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196:
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188:
187:
186:
182:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
161:
156:
151:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:Discovery of
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
74:
70:
66:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
8952:Howard Temin
8828:Rex Richards
8808:Hermann Rahn
8618:Val L. Fitch
8617:
8579:Paul Ehrlich
8504:Aage N. Bohr
8476:Werner Arber
8403:Y-12 Project
8388:Smyth Report
8383:S-50 Project
8345:
8341:K-25 Project
8270:Pumpkin bomb
8241:
8234:
8227:
8157:John Wheeler
8127:Louis Slotin
8122:Emilio Segrè
8072:George Koval
8052:James Franck
8046:
8037:Enrico Fermi
7982:Luis Alvarez
7941:Paul Tibbets
7916:Deak Parsons
7666:Sandra Faber
7661:Sidney Drell
7491:Leo Kadanoff
7486:James Cronin
7434:Hans Dehmelt
7407:
7369:Robert Pound
7335:Robert Sharp
7151:John Sinfelt
7118:Verner Suomi
7085:Lewis Sarett
6949:Lars Onsager
6893:Henry Eyring
6860:John Bardeen
6602:Richard Karp
6570:Allen Newell
6349:Jerzy Neyman
5974:Tung-Yen Lin
5951:Bill Hewlett
5881:Morris Cohen
5475:John W. Cahn
5376:Karl Folkers
5137:Lucy Shapiro
5087:Elaine Fuchs
4966:Ann Graybiel
4896:Janet Rowley
4878:James Watson
4870:Ruth Patrick
4713:Philip Leder
4583:Mildred Cohn
4531:Severo Ochoa
4508:E. O. Wilson
3906:Laura Greene
3870:Barry Barish
3846:Leo Kadanoff
3720:
3715:Sidney Drell
3596:John Bardeen
3506:Enrico Fermi
3168:
3098:Jean Dausset
3072:
3067:James Cronin
2371:von Klitzing
2363:Van der Meer
2314:
1421:. Retrieved
1410:
1389:. Retrieved
1354:
1341:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1307:
1297:December 21,
1295:. Retrieved
1291:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1242:
1233:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1206:
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1166:
1139:
1135:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:
1071:
1062:
1057:February 11,
1055:. Retrieved
1049:
1004:
998:
992:
980:. Retrieved
959:
947:. Retrieved
935:
931:
907:. Retrieved
903:the original
892:
854:. Retrieved
827:. Retrieved
817:
805:. Retrieved
801:the original
770:February 13,
768:. Retrieved
691:Publications
682:
659:
620:
606:
565:Robert Adair
545:James Cronin
538:
517:
510:
479:
463:John Wheeler
436:
415:atomic bombs
391:Emilio Segrè
379:Enrico Fermi
364:
337:
317:
273:
269:CP violation
245:James Cronin
236:
235:
208:
184:Institutions
167:
135:CP-violation
77:(2015-02-05)
29:
9110:2015 deaths
9105:1923 births
8937:Henry Taube
8857:Abdus Salam
8218:Silverplate
8172:Leona Woods
8137:Leo Szilard
8112:Bruno Rossi
8057:Klaus Fuchs
7961:Ed Westcott
7951:Harold Urey
7619:Berni Alder
7426:Frank Press
7307:Walter Kohn
7284:George Pake
7218:Walter Munk
7141:Herman Mark
7123:Henry Taube
6911:Jesse Beams
6865:Peter Debye
6847:Harold Urey
6771:Barry Mazur
6333:John Milnor
6227:Amnon Yariv
6171:Leo Beranek
5997:Ernst Weber
5850:Abel Wolman
5441:Thomas Cech
5371:Elkan Blout
5311:Max Tishler
5228:Roger Adams
5186:Simon Levin
4652:Harry Eagle
4475:Paul Gyorgy
4167:Gary Becker
3918:David Gross
3894:Sam Aronson
3828:Helen Quinn
3661:George Pake
3578:Felix Bloch
3536:Jesse Beams
3411:John Zeleny
3050:(Argentina)
2976:Nobel Prize
2415:Steinberger
2331:K. Siegbahn
2323:Bloembergen
2044:Chamberlain
1777:Schrödinger
1687:M. Siegbahn
1616:W. H. Bragg
1612:W. L. Bragg
1322:November 8,
850:"Val Fitch"
581:CP symmetry
573:René Turlay
465:concerning
387:Bruno Rossi
302:in 1954 at
9099:Categories
9006:Alan Walsh
8927:Pol Swings
8832:Jean Rösch
8321:Demon core
8265:Little Boy
8186:Operations
8002:Niels Bohr
7992:Hans Bethe
7975:Scientists
7921:Boris Pash
7800:Los Alamos
7413:Vera Rubin
7052:Paul Flory
6713:Hyman Bass
6586:John Cocke
6489:Raoul Bott
6392:Kurt Gödel
6384:John Tukey
6341:Paul Cohen
5956:George Low
5919:Simon Ramo
5142:Leroy Hood
4943:Carl Woese
4891:Bruce Ames
4402:Ernst Mayr
3900:Homer Neal
3357:Henry Gale
3280:Henry Crew
3268:Carl Barus
3016:Literature
2932:L'Huillier
2896:Hasselmann
2852:Strickland
2820:Kosterlitz
2744:Perlmutter
2483:Brockhouse
2188:Schrieffer
2060:Hofstadter
2012:C. N. Yang
1769:Heisenberg
1746:De Broglie
1313:"About Us"
736:References
715:Fitch, V.
696:Fitch, V.
676:, and the
569:antimatter
563:physicist
498:phototubes
482:gamma rays
371:Niels Bohr
314:Early life
288:New Mexico
57:1923-03-10
9053:Biography
8989:Ioan Ursu
8363:Plutonium
8229:Enola Gay
8047:Val Fitch
7997:Aage Bohr
7946:Bud Uanna
7815:Oak Ridge
7408:Val Fitch
6476:Peter Lax
6246:Shu Chien
5493:John Ross
5208:Chemistry
4596:Paul Berg
3988:laureates
3648:1976–2000
3524:E. Wigner
3487:1951–1975
3344:1926–1950
3243:1899–1925
2993:Paul Berg
2985:Chemistry
2978:laureates
2916:Zeilinger
2736:Novoselov
2704:Kobayashi
2628:Abrikosov
2475:J. Taylor
2455:de Gennes
2447:R. Taylor
2339:K. Wilson
2287:R. Wilson
2271:Van Vleck
2242:1976–2000
2232:Rainwater
2228:Mottelson
2204:Josephson
2152:Gell-Mann
2116:Schwinger
2104:Prokhorov
2064:Mössbauer
2024:Cherenkov
2016:T. D. Lee
1940:Cockcroft
1931:1951–1975
1730:C. Wilson
1709:1926–1950
1655:Guillaume
1544:Michelson
1504:Becquerel
1475:1901–1925
1464:Laureates
1207:FermiNews
589:electrons
585:positrons
549:Cosmotron
486:cyclotron
261:subatomic
90:Education
18:Val Fitch
8419:Category
8275:Thin Man
8236:Bockscar
7830:Wendover
7810:New York
7805:Montreal
7795:Inyokern
7770:Berkeley
7751:Timeline
7387:Ed Stone
4384:Jay Lush
3512:H. Bethe
3100:(France)
2924:Agostini
2812:Thouless
2804:McDonald
2792:Nakamura
2760:Wineland
2692:GrĂĽnberg
2648:Politzer
2632:Ginzburg
2620:Giacconi
2600:Ketterle
2555:'t Hooft
2539:Laughlin
2531:Phillips
2511:Osheroff
2439:Friedman
2411:Schwartz
2407:Lederman
2327:Schawlow
2303:Weinberg
2112:Tomonaga
2004:Brattain
1996:Shockley
1905:Blackett
1897:Appleton
1889:Bridgman
1836:Lawrence
1816:Davisson
1796:Chadwick
1679:Millikan
1663:Einstein
1552:Lippmann
1520:Rayleigh
1512:M. Curie
1508:P. Curie
1272:April 3,
1111:June 12,
1086:June 12,
977:35087719
971:. 1954.
637:and the
625:and the
593:Big Bang
557:K mesons
525:K mesons
471:electron
421:and the
265:K-mesons
9089:Physics
9039:Portals
8393:Uranium
8260:Fat Man
8253:Weapons
7825:Trinity
7790:Hanford
7775:Chicago
3059:Physics
2912:Clauser
2876:Penrose
2860:Peebles
2816:Haldane
2784:Akasaki
2772:Englert
2764:Haroche
2748:Schmidt
2708:Maskawa
2660:Glauber
2652:Wilczek
2636:Leggett
2616:Koshiba
2596:Cornell
2587:present
2571:Kroemer
2567:Alferov
2559:Veltman
2543:Störmer
2463:Charpak
2443:Kendall
2427:Dehmelt
2395:Bednorz
2295:Glashow
2283:Penzias
2279:Kapitsa
2251:Richter
2224:A. Bohr
2200:Giaever
2180:Bardeen
2144:Alvarez
2128:Kastler
2120:Feynman
2000:Bardeen
1964:Zernike
1956:Purcell
1726:Compton
1671:N. Bohr
1560:Marconi
1492:Lorentz
1484:Röntgen
1466:of the
1423:May 15,
1391:May 15,
1213:May 15,
1184:May 15,
1144:Bibcode
1009:Bibcode
982:May 15,
949:May 15,
909:May 15,
856:May 15,
829:May 15,
807:May 15,
488:at the
300:physics
282:at the
7785:Dayton
7779:Site A
3944:(2023)
3938:(2022)
3932:(2021)
3926:(2020)
3920:(2019)
3914:(2018)
3908:(2017)
3902:(2016)
3896:(2015)
3890:(2014)
3884:(2013)
3878:(2012)
3872:(2011)
3866:(2010)
3860:(2009)
3854:(2008)
3848:(2007)
3842:(2006)
3836:(2005)
3830:(2004)
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2900:Manabe
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2880:Genzel
2874:2020:
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2858:2019:
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2842:2018:
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2832:Barish
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2507:D. Lee
2505:1996:
2499:Reines
2493:1995:
2481:1994:
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2461:1992:
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2423:Ramsey
2421:1989:
2405:1988:
2399:MĂĽller
2393:1987:
2387:Rohrer
2383:Binnig
2377:1986:
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2359:Rubbia
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2178:1972:
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2160:Alfvén
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2110:1965:
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2010:1957:
1994:1956:
1982:1955:
1970:1954:
1962:1953:
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1944:Walton
1938:1951:
1921:Powell
1919:1950:
1913:Yukawa
1911:1949:
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1528:Lenard
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1518:1904:
1502:1903:
1496:Zeeman
1490:1902:
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1132:Meson"
975:
672:, the
213:(1954)
211:
204:Thesis
174:Fields
162:(1993)
157:(1980)
152:(1976)
147:(1968)
141:Awards
7758:Sites
7651:2010s
7500:2000s
7349:1990s
7170:1980s
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6534:1990s
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3169:1980
3040:Peace
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2828:Weiss
2788:Amano
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2720:Boyle
2700:Nambu
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2471:Hulse
2379:Ruska
2315:Fitch
2299:Salam
2196:Esaki
2172:Gabor
2136:Bethe
2100:Basov
2040:Segrè
2028:Frank
1988:Kusch
1976:Bothe
1952:Bloch
1881:Pauli
1865:Stern
1828:Fermi
1781:Dirac
1754:Raman
1699:Hertz
1647:Stark
1588:Dalén
1564:Braun
1363:(PDF)
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1179:(PDF)
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5224:1964
5172:2014
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4393:1969
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4288:1964
4280:1963
4238:2015
4230:2014
4222:2011
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3020:1980
2884:Ghez
2732:Geim
2688:Fert
2664:Hall
2547:Tsui
2495:Perl
2431:Paul
2267:Mott
2255:Ting
2212:Ryle
2164:NĂ©el
2032:Tamm
1984:Lamb
1972:Born
1873:Rabi
1857:1942
1850:1941
1843:1940
1804:Hess
1788:1934
1761:1931
1623:1916
1604:Laue
1580:Wien
1425:2015
1393:2015
1324:2016
1299:2021
1274:2018
1215:2015
1186:2015
1113:2020
1088:2020
1059:2015
984:2015
973:OCLC
951:2015
911:2015
858:2015
831:2015
809:2015
772:2015
523:and
475:muon
397:and
72:Died
51:Born
2716:Kao
2523:Chu
1152:doi
1064:...
1017:doi
940:doi
668:’s
507:PhD
298:in
296:PhD
286:in
255:at
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