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blamed the designers for flawed engine cooling and
Chkalov himself for deviating from the flight plan. Chkalov's son claimed that a plan to assassinate his father had been in the works in the months preceding his death, but the circumstances of the crash make foul play unlikely. Despite the opinion
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He saw his first plane in 1919 and decided to join the Red Army's air force, joining first at age 16 as a mechanic. He trained as a pilot at the
Yegoryevsk Training School and graduated in 1924 joining a fighter squadron.
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fighter, which crashed during its maiden test flight. The series of events leading up to the crash is not entirely clear. Neither of the aircraft's two chief designers,
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airplane (18–20 June 1937), a non-stop distance of 8,811 kilometres (5,475 mi). The flight pioneered the polar air route from Europe to the
American Pacific Coast.
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and several other
Russian cities still exist. Nizhny Novgorod also has a staircase down to the Volga named after him with a statue of him at the top of it. In 1975, a
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was dismantled in
December 2022. The monument had been erected in 1981. Chkalov was not connected with Dnipro in any way. In February 2023 a monument to Chkalov in
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but later returned to his home town to work as an apprentice in the shipyard alongside his father. He then got a job as a stoker on a river
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of some, after
Chkalov's death Polikarpov's reputation with Stalin was left intact, and Polikarpov continued to design aircraft.
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Minkult allowed the dismantling of monuments to
Chkalov and Vatutin in Kyiv: the first is already being demolished
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From 1935 he led the stunt section of the
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793:"Who is Valery Chkalov, whose monument was demolished in Dnipro, and was he related to our city"
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308:. His mother died when he was six years old. Chkalov studied in the technical school in
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had revoked the monument cultural heritage site status. On 13 July 2023 Valery
Chkalov
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Red Arctic: Polar
Exploration and the Myth of the North in the Soviet Union, 1932–1939
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Red Arctic: Polar Exploration and the Myth of the North in the Soviet Union, 1932–1939
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The official government investigation concluded that the engine cut out because it
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335:, in 1927. In the early 1930s he became a test pilot. His feats included doing 250
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He was planning the world's first non-stop flight around the planet when he died.
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578:("Detachment named after Valery Chkalov"), recorded their first album in 1983.
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838:"Without Pushkin, Krylov and Chkalov: 14 more objects were renamed in Kyiv"
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He was the son of a ship boiler-maker at the Vasselyevo Ship Yard on the
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This article is about the test pilot. For the mercenary logistician, see
653:
Bergman, Jay (1998). "Valerii Chkalov: Soviet Pilot as New Soviet Man".
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bore the name Chkalov from 1938 to 1957. There was a Chkalov Street in
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The village of Vasilyevo where Chkalov was born is now the town of
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Chkalov died on 15 December 1938 while piloting a prototype of the
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One of 16 Russia's Tu-160 bombers was named after Valery Chkalov.
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Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union
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Chkalov was born to a Russian family in 1904 in the upper
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and a street in east Vancouver was named Chkalov Drive.
699:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998). pp. 68-73
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Chkalov married Olga Orekhova, a schoolteacher from
269:
20 January] 1904 – 15 December 1938) was a
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761:"A monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Dnipro"
740:"A monument to Gorky was dismantled in Dnipro"
37:"Chkalov" redirects here. For other uses, see
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888:Russian Lindbergh: The Life of Valery Chkalov
76:
8:
711:"Coast City Hails 1937 Soviet Polar Flight"
643:Soviet Calendar 1917-1947 (CCCP production)
634:Soviet Calendar 1917-1947 (CCCP production)
339:in 45 minutes. His youngest daughter was a
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980:
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905:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
595:Ministry of Culture and Information Policy
87:
68:
4095:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
27:Russian-Soviet test pilot and air officer
4009:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
916:Newspaper clippings about Valery Chkalov
471:
3584:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
627:
515:monument to Chkalov's 1937 polar flight
365:Chkalov achieved several milestones in
262:[vɐˈlʲerʲɪjˈpavləvʲɪtɕˈtɕkaləf]
4070:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
601:in Kyiv was renamed Literature Park.
260:
7:
3370:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1567:Norse colonization of North America
709:Malcolm, Andrew H. (21 June 1975).
4085:People from Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2899:United States Exploring Expedition
738:Maria Kabashi (26 December 2022).
25:
3973:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3341:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
4130:Victims of flight test accidents
4090:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
3867:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3260:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
769:(in Ukrainian). 16 December 2022
297:in his honour), which lies near
172:
791:Oleh Bildin (11 January 2023).
655:Journal of Contemporary History
4080:People from Balakhninsky Uyezd
241:Statue of Chkalov in Chkalovsk
1:
3246:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3181:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
896:Smithsonian Institution Press
46:Eastern Slavic naming customs
3603:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3419:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3225:French Antarctic Expeditions
3155:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3041:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1159:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
846:(in Ukrainian). 13 July 2023
2688:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2367:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1232:Andrée's balloon expedition
920:20th Century Press Archives
878:Harcourt, Brace and Company
576:Отряд имени Валерия Чкалова
111:Nizhny Novgorod Governorate
4146:
4075:Heroes of the Soviet Union
1889:Franklin's lost expedition
1589:Christian IV's expeditions
667:10.1177/003200949803300108
546:The metro rail systems of
44:In this name that follows
43:
36:
29:
4110:Soviet Air Force officers
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2737:
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2243:Great Northern Expedition
1919:Rae–Richardson expedition
1119:British Arctic Expedition
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581:A monument to Chkalov in
568:also opened one in 2012.
253:
103:20 January] 1904
86:
77:
3527:British Antarctic Survey
3521:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2766:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
275:Hero of the Soviet Union
246:Valery Pavlovich Chkalov
221:Hero of the Soviet Union
39:Chkalov (disambiguation)
4003:Pole of inaccessibility
3666:Antarctic Treaty System
2007:2nd Grinnell expedition
428:Chkalov on a 1954 stamp
293:(the town is now named
265:; 2 February [
254:Валерий Павлович Чкалов
230:Order of the Red Banner
160:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
491:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
477:
460:in the absence of the
429:
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358:at which point he met
242:
124:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
3673:Transglobe Expedition
3572:Operation Deep Freeze
2981:Challenger expedition
1847:Coppermine expedition
1368:Drifting ice stations
523:Vancouver, Washington
475:
427:
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390:Vancouver, Washington
240:
198:Years of service
99:2 February [
362:for the first time.
3843:South magnetic pole
2509:Brusilov expedition
1618:Danish colonization
1056:North magnetic pole
870:Over the North Pole
566:Yekaterinburg Metro
509:; its namesakes in
417:Chkalov meets with
320:(later renamed the
4115:Soviet test pilots
3534:Operation Windmill
3515:Operation Highjump
2490:Rusanov expedition
2395:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2139:North East Passage
1943:McClure expedition
716:The New York Times
501:(part of Moscow's
478:
447:Dmitry Tomashevich
443:Nikolai Polikarpov
430:
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352:1 May celebrations
273:awarded the title
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107:Balakhninsky Uyezd
4105:Russian explorers
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3501:Operation Tabarin
3363:Far Eastern Party
3209:Nimrod Expedition
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2279:M. Pronchishcheva
2201:Siberian Cossacks
1670:Northwest Passage
1003:Research stations
960:Polar exploration
843:Ukrayinska Pravda
827:(8 February 2023)
766:Ukrayinska Pravda
745:Ukrayinska Pravda
517:was dedicated at
235:
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16:(Redirected from
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4100:Russian aviators
3548:Ronne Expedition
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2891:Dumont d'Urville
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2274:V. Pronchishchev
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552:Saint Petersburg
539:but was renamed
439:Polikarpov I-180
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371:a 63-hour flight
341:Posthumous child
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192:Soviet Air Force
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511:Nizhny Novgorod
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2997:
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2977:
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2957:
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2893:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2842:
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2840:
2838:Bellingshausen
2828:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
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2605:
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2546:
2541:
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2298:
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2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2147:
2145:
2143:Russian Arctic
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1954:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
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1843:
1838:
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1801:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
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1771:
1758:
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1743:
1738:
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1699:
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1652:
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1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1614:
1613:
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1607:
1602:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1578:Snæbjörn galti
1575:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
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1103:
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1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1052:
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1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1013:Farthest North
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
977:
976:
971:
964:
963:
958:
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941:
933:
927:
926:
911:
910:External links
908:
907:
906:
899:
881:
868:Baĭdukov, G.,
864:
861:
858:
857:
829:
810:
799:(in Ukrainian)
780:
748:(in Ukrainian)
730:
701:
688:
661:(1): 135–152.
645:
636:
626:
625:
623:
620:
619:
618:
616:Chkalov Island
613:
606:
603:
533:-class cruiser
482:
479:
466:Mikhail Gromov
434:
431:
405:Tupolev ANT-25
347:
344:
337:loop-the-loops
289:, the town of
282:
279:
233:
232:
225:Order of Lenin
218:
214:
213:
207:
203:
202:
199:
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194:
189:
183:
182:
169:
165:
164:
158:
156:
152:
151:
142:(aged 34)
136:
132:
131:
115:Russian Empire
97:
93:
92:
84:
83:
78:Валерий Чкалов
73:Valery Chkalov
72:
26:
24:
18:Valeri Chkalov
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3333:
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3316:
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3311:
3309:
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3299:
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3199:
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3159:
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3157:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3126:Discovery Hut
3124:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
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3035:
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3023:
3015:
3012:
3011:
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3009:
3005:
3001:
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2723:
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2702:
2698:
2696:
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2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:A. Sibiryakov
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:Glavsevmorput
2625:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2597:
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2332:
2329:
2327:
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2319:
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2302:
2299:
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2290:
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2277:
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2262:
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2257:
2255:
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2250:
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2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
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2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
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2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2193:
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2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2096:
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2078:
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2045:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
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1968:
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1965:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:J. Richardson
1928:
1926:
1923:
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1920:
1916:
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1911:
1907:
1906:
1901:
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1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:M. Corte-Real
1690:
1688:
1687:G. Corte-Real
1685:
1683:
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1634:
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1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:C. Richardson
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
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1436:
1432:
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1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1419:Georgiy Sedov
1415:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
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1389:
1387:
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1306:Riiser-Larsen
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612:
611:Anatoly Serov
609:
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508:
507:Zemlyanoy Val
504:
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496:
492:
488:
481:Commemoration
480:
474:
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467:
463:
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454:
452:
448:
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419:Joseph Stalin
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394:United States
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90:
85:
70:
67:
63:
59:
56: and the
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
4001:
3989:Pole of Cold
3987:
3913:
3904:
3872:
3865:
3841:
3812:
3798:
3792:Borchgrevink
3784:
3771:
3756:
3736:
3721:
3690:
3671:
3664:
3648:
3634:
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3608:
3601:
3582:
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3513:
3499:
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3471:
3464:
3425:
3417:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3376:
3368:
3361:
3348:
3339:
3301:
3293:
3284:
3277:
3265:
3258:
3244:
3232:Pourquoi-Pas
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3202:Orcadas Base
3200:
3192:
3179:
3173:C. A. Larsen
3161:
3153:
3139:
3132:
3119:
3111:
3105:Borchgrevink
3098:
3090:
3047:
3039:
3014:C. A. Larsen
3007:
2988:
2979:
2961:
2943:
2934:
2921:
2906:
2897:
2884:
2845:
2831:
2824:
2805:
2790:
2700:
2693:
2676:
2669:
2655:
2640:
2626:
2613:
2588:
2574:
2572:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2514:
2507:
2488:
2454:
2452:
2438:
2436:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2386:
2384:
2365:
2241:
2199:
2182:
2150:
2114:
2112:
2092:
2091:
2071:
2070:
2056:
2043:
2028:
2014:
2005:
1992:
1963:
1951:Investigator
1950:
1941:
1917:
1904:
1896:
1887:
1874:
1845:
1822:
1807:
1792:
1762:
1747:
1717:
1636:
1616:
1587:
1583:Erik the Red
1565:
1543:
1536:
1493:submersibles
1490:
1484:Arktika 2007
1482:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1449:
1440:
1437:
1418:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1373:
1366:
1349:
1342:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1283:
1281:
1252:
1249:
1238:S. A. Andrée
1230:
1217:
1192:
1184:
1181:
1157:
1139:
1126:
1117:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1054:
902:
887:
883:
869:
848:. Retrieved
841:
832:
801:. Retrieved
796:
771:. Retrieved
764:
750:. Retrieved
743:
733:
721:. Retrieved
719:. p. A1
714:
704:
696:
691:
658:
654:
648:
639:
630:
580:
573:
570:
561:Chkalovskaya
559:
558:each have a
545:
540:
536:
530:
527:
484:
455:
451:Kremlin Wall
436:
409:
396:
386:Soviet Union
364:
349:
346:Achievements
330:
326:
321:
317:
303:
294:
287:Volga region
284:
245:
244:
180:Soviet Union
149:Soviet Union
140:(1938-12-15)
66:
61:
53:
4065:1938 deaths
4060:1904 births
3692:Lake Vostok
3642:Tryoshnikov
3564:Schlossbach
3455:Christensen
3397:James Caird
3318:E. R. Evans
3084:Dobrowolski
3054:de Gerlache
2756:Expeditions
2642:Aviaarktika
2596:Samoylovich
2467:Kolomeitsev
2361:Middendorff
2321:Gedenshtrom
1741:I. Fyodorov
1503:Chilingarov
1391:E. Fyodorov
998:Expeditions
773:16 December
752:26 December
541:Komsomolets
503:Garden Ring
374: [
310:Cherepovets
306:River Volga
212:(Brigadier)
105:Vasilyevo,
58:family name
4054:Categories
3915:Terra Nova
3820:Shackleton
3763:J. C. Ross
3722:Resolution
3712:South Pole
3487:New Swabia
3411:Mackintosh
3383:Shackleton
3302:Terra Nova
3295:Terra Nova
3029:Heroic Age
2989:Challenger
2949:J. C. Ross
2859:Bransfield
2791:Resolution
2706:icebreaker
2670:Chelyuskin
2411:expedition
2389:Expedition
2331:Matyushkin
2289:Kh. Laptev
2284:Chelyuskin
2178:Heemskerck
2168:Chancellor
2163:Willoughby
2158:Koch boats
2101:Stefansson
2035:McClintock
1999:Inglefield
1841:J. C. Ross
1748:Resolution
1600:Cunningham
1498:Sagalevich
1187:expedition
1146:Stephenson
1106:C. F. Hall
1093:expedition
1067:J. C. Ross
1030:Heemskerck
1017:North Pole
803:11 January
797:Informator
622:References
535:was named
462:cowl flaps
401:North Pole
356:Red Square
281:Early life
271:test pilot
168:Allegiance
50:patronymic
4014:Tolstikov
3800:Discovery
3770:HMS
3755:HMS
3737:Adventure
3735:HMS
3720:HMS
3656:Tolstikov
3377:Endurance
3162:Antarctic
3147:Drygalski
3120:Discovery
3113:Discovery
3074:Arctowski
2987:HMS
2960:HMS
2954:Abernethy
2942:HMS
2920:USS
2907:Vincennes
2905:USS
2885:Astrolabe
2825:San Telmo
2806:Adventure
2804:HMS
2789:HMS
2784:Kerguelen
2746:Continent
2731:Antarctic
2608:Urvantsev
2566:Vilkitsky
2419:Jeannette
2417:USS
2409:Jeannette
2373:Weyprecht
2351:Pakhtusov
2301:Chichagov
2294:D. Laptev
2237:Permyakov
2212:Stadukhin
2207:Perfilyev
2184:Mangazeya
2122:H. Larsen
2087:Rasmussen
2042:HMS
2013:USS
1962:HMS
1949:HMS
1913:Collinson
1903:HMS
1895:HMS
1873:HMS
1821:HMS
1806:HMS
1791:HMS
1776:Mackenzie
1763:Discovery
1761:HMS
1746:HMS
1718:Discovery
1697:Frobisher
1660:Rasmussen
1573:Gunnbjörn
1519:Greenland
1448:USS
1439:USS
1311:Ellsworth
1253:Roosevelt
1183:Nansen's
1140:Discovery
1138:HMS
1125:HMS
1072:Abernethy
1040:Marmaduke
683:157937639
564:station.
543:in 1958.
487:Chkalovsk
333:Leningrad
291:Vasilyevo
201:1921-1938
120:Chkalovsk
54:Pavlovich
4026:A. Fuchs
3983:V. Fuchs
3963:McKinley
3926:E. Evans
3885:Bjaaland
3880:Amundsen
3830:Marshall
3743:Furneaux
3595:V. Fuchs
3559:E. Ronne
3554:F. Ronne
3493:Ritscher
3347:SY
3335:Filchner
3279:Framheim
3273:Amundsen
3079:Racoviță
3064:Amundsen
3059:Lecointe
2928:Ringgold
2922:Porpoise
2812:Furneaux
2648:Shevelev
2603:Begichev
2582:Amundsen
2544:Nagórski
2522:Brusilov
2516:Sv. Anna
2430:Melville
2400:Palander
2356:Tsivolko
2316:Sannikov
2311:Billings
2254:Chirikov
2173:Barentsz
2115:St. Roch
2106:Bartlett
2080:Amundsen
2064:Sverdrup
1964:Resolute
1853:Franklin
1781:Kotzebue
1648:Sverdrup
1631:Scoresby
1605:Lindenov
1456:Plaisted
1441:Nautilus
1386:Shirshov
1360:Belyakov
1355:Baydukov
1329:Nautilus
1291:Amundsen
1251:SS
1210:Sverdrup
1205:Johansen
1175:Brainard
1170:Lockwood
1025:Barentsz
898:, 1991).
880:, 1938).
874:New York
723:29 March
605:See also
531:Chapayev
495:Orenburg
367:aviation
277:(1936).
186:Service/
162:, Moscow
4031:Messner
3978:Hillary
3958:Balchen
3906:Polheim
3900:Wisting
3778:Crozier
3750:Weddell
3728:J. Cook
3698:Kapitsa
3679:Fiennes
3621:Klenova
3590:Hillary
3540:Ketchum
3466:BANZARE
3441:·
3286:Polheim
3252:Shirase
3238:Charcot
3048:Belgica
2967:Crozier
2879:Morrell
2874:Weddell
2852:Lazarev
2797:J. Cook
2751:History
2701:Arktika
2677:Krassin
2662:Voronin
2634:Schmidt
2620:Ushakov
2559:Vaygach
2527:Albanov
2496:Rusanov
2477:Kolchak
2472:Matisen
2446:Makarov
2425:De Long
2326:Wrangel
2306:Lyakhov
2259:Malygin
2217:Dezhnev
2044:Pandora
2015:Advance
1982:Kennedy
1977:Belcher
1970:Kellett
1957:McClure
1881:Beechey
1875:Blossom
1868:Simpson
1836:Crozier
1829:Hoppner
1786:J. Ross
1754:J. Cook
1702:Gilbert
1595:J. Hall
1561:Ingólfr
1551:Naddodd
1545:Vikings
1532:Brendan
1527:Pytheas
1515:Iceland
1469:Arktika
1461:Herbert
1426:Badygin
1396:Krenkel
1381:Papanin
1350:Chkalov
1336:Wilkins
1301:Wisting
1245:F. Cook
1151:Markham
1111:Bessels
1100:Polaris
1091:Polaris
1062:J. Ross
1045:Carolus
993:History
922:of the
918:in the
850:13 July
587:Ukraine
537:Chkalov
314:dredger
295:Chkalov
250:Russian
210:Combrig
62:Chkalov
3941:Bowers
3936:Wilson
3895:Hassel
3890:Helmer
3859:Mackay
3849:Mawson
3814:Nimrod
3772:Terror
3757:Erebus
3684:Burton
3479:Rymill
3355:Mawson
3349:Aurora
3328:Lashly
3313:Wilson
3216:Nimrod
3193:Scotia
3000:Murray
2975:Cooper
2962:Terror
2944:Erebus
2913:Wilkes
2864:Palmer
2832:Vostok
2779:Bouvet
2703:-class
2683:Gakkel
2551:Taymyr
2532:Konrad
2501:Kuchin
2439:Yermak
2346:Lavrov
2264:Ovtsyn
2249:Bering
2227:Ivanov
2190:Hudson
2152:Pomors
2129:Cowper
2094:Karluk
1993:Isabel
1987:Bellot
1937:Austin
1905:Terror
1897:Erebus
1793:Griper
1769:Clerke
1729:Baffin
1712:Hudson
1643:Nansen
1556:Garðar
1477:Barneo
1344:ANT-25
1320:Italia
1296:Nobile
1265:Henson
1224:Amedeo
1200:Nansen
1165:Greely
1035:Hudson
973:Arctic
681:
675:261001
673:
583:Dnipro
554:, and
548:Moscow
499:Moscow
382:Moscow
360:Stalin
316:: the
217:Awards
188:branch
177:
155:Buried
145:Moscow
128:Russia
48:, the
4021:Crary
3968:Dufek
3931:Oates
3921:Scott
3854:David
3835:Adams
3806:Barne
3627:Mirny
3616:Somov
3426:Quest
3323:Crean
3308:Scott
3187:Bruce
3141:Gauss
3134:Gauss
3008:Jason
2995:Nares
2869:Davis
2846:Mirny
2819:Smith
2774:Roché
2694:Lenin
2614:Sadko
2539:Wiese
2484:Sedov
2455:Zarya
2378:Payer
2341:Litke
2336:Anjou
2269:Minin
2232:Vagin
2222:Popov
2195:Poole
2050:Young
1863:Dease
1808:Hecla
1799:Parry
1724:Bylot
1707:Davis
1682:Cabot
1655:Peary
1637:Jason
1624:Egede
1538:Papar
1450:Skate
1431:Wiese
1411:NP-37
1404:NP-36
1284:Norge
1272:Sedov
1260:Peary
1218:Jason
1133:Nares
1127:Alert
1082:Hayes
1050:Parry
988:Ocean
679:S2CID
671:JSTOR
433:Death
403:in a
380:from
378:]
354:over
318:Bayan
118:(now
3953:Byrd
3874:Fram
3825:Wild
3507:Marr
3473:BGLE
3460:Byrd
3388:Wild
3267:Fram
3069:Cook
2590:AARI
2575:Maud
2462:Toll
2387:Vega
2073:Gjøa
2058:Fram
2021:Kane
1858:Back
1823:Fury
1814:Lyon
1736:Munk
1375:NP-1
1277:Byrd
1194:Fram
1185:Fram
1077:Kane
852:2023
805:2023
775:2022
754:2022
725:2021
599:Park
591:Kyiv
476:1984
445:and
399:the
267:O.S.
258:IPA:
206:Rank
135:Died
101:O.S.
96:Born
3650:3rd
3636:2nd
3610:1st
3443:IGY
3439:IPY
2029:Fox
1925:Rae
1491:Mir
1467:NS
924:ZBW
884:Id.
663:doi
521:in
397:via
388:to
324:).
227:(2)
60:is
52:is
4056::
2555:/
894::
886:,
876::
840:.
823:,
813:^
795:.
783:^
763:.
742:.
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677:.
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659:33
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550:,
528:A
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384:,
376:ru
301:.
256:;
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147:,
126:,
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952:e
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872:(
854:.
807:.
777:.
756:.
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685:.
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489:(
248:(
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64:.
41:.
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20:)
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