243:
popularity soon thereafter. That same year, Sadow applied for a patent for "rolling luggage", which had rollers on its bottom wall and a flexible transport strap attached near the top, and was granted it as patent number 3,653,474 in 1972. It stated that, due to airplanes replacing trains as the primary mode of long-distance travel, "Baggage-handling has become perhaps the biggest single difficulty encountered by an air passenger." Macy's competitors came together to break the patent about two years after it was granted to Sadow, allowing them to sell their own wheeled luggage, although Sadow's model was often wobbly and difficult to maneuver. Sadow later died in 2011.
287:
47:
273:, which initially only sold the product to other flight crews. He hired a team of sales representatives in 1992, and in the mid-1990s, Travelpro started selling Rollaboards commercially in retail stores, making it a competitor of Samsonite, then the largest American luggage manufacturer. Plath sold Travelpro in 1999. The Rollaboard was widely imitated by other luggage companies starting around 1993, causing Sadow's design to quickly be almost entirely replaced. Designer Don Ku from
150:
173:
about. The earliest models of suitcases were invented by
British businessmen, who used them to carry goods and clothing. They were modeled after trunks and made by stretching leather, rubbery cloth, or wicker over a flat, rigid frame made of wood or steel with leather or brass caps on the corners and a handle on their long side, contrasting them with trunks, which had handles on their two shorter sides. They typically had a compartment for shirts and a
218:
266:. He designed the prototype for the Rollaboard in his garage, screwing a hard-shell bag to a luggage trolley, and started to get ideas from other crew members while carrying it around. It marked a shift from Sadow's model, which rolled flat on four wheels. At first, Plath only sold the Rollaboard to fellow pilots and flight attendants, manufacturing and selling 100 of the bags to various crew members in December 1989.
394:
1421:
58:
205:
Early patents for a wheeled trunk and a wheeled suitcase came in 1887 and 1945, respectively, and a design for a "portable porter", a wheeled device that could be attached to a suitcase, was advertised in
British newspapers in the 1940s. However, none of these designs originally caught on. During her
422:
described suitcases at the time as "a literary symbol for both mobility and mystery—perhaps filled with gold, photographs, or simply a stranger's possessions". In the mid-20th century, Mexican laborers who worked in the United States would often return home with suitcases as a status symbol to prove
184:
Lightweight suitcases were mostly marketed at first toward women. In 1938, a weight limit of 40 pounds for checked bags was established in the United States, which led to the heavier leather model of suitcase being supplanted by lighter plastic and cardboard suitcases throughout the 1930s and 1940s.
234:
to a suitcase with a strap that allowed him to tow it behind him. Sadow spent months attempting to sell his wheeled suitcase to various New York City department stores, but was met with resistance. Most department stores, according to him, refused to sell his invention due to a "macho feeling" that
86:
stores starting in 1970. It took several years to become the predominant form of suitcase, and Sadow's version was soon superseded by the
Rollaboard, a type of wheeled suitcase that was upright rather than flat like Sadow's model and invented in 1987 by American pilot Robert Plath. The addition of
277:
invented and patented a suitcase with an extendable handle in 1993. In 2004, Samsonite started selling the first "spinner-style" suitcase, which had four wheels and could be moved and spun in any direction. Durability testing for suitcases also became more rigorous around this time as they became
172:
increased in popularity and travel became accessible to non-elites due to railways and cruise ships, the need for more practical luggage increased. In the late 19th century, the first luggage known as "suit cases" or "suit-cases", which were meant to carry dress suits without wrinkling them, came
81:
Before the 1970s, the idea of rolling luggage was shunned by the travel industry, who viewed it as much less masculine than traditional luggage. American entrepreneur
Bernard Sadow pitched his version of the wheeled suitcase, for which he was granted a patent in 1972, to various department stores
225:
In 1970, Bernard D. Sadow, the then-vice president of
Massachusetts luggage company U.S. Luggage, was carrying two heavy 27-inch suitcases at an airport in Puerto Rico on his way back from a family vacation in Aruba when he noticed a worker rolling a heavy machine on a wheeled platform. After
242:
buyer, a vice president from the company, Jerry Levy, called Sadow back in for a meeting. He instructed
Schwartz to buy Sadow's suitcases, and Macy's began selling them in stores in October 1970, advertising them as "The Luggage That Glides" and showcasing them with mannequins; they rose in
867:
77:
at the time and were meant to hold dress suits. They were originally made using heavier materials such as leather or steel, but, beginning in the 1930s, were constructed with more lightweight materials like plastic and cardboard.
294:, whose suitcases came with GPS tracking, an internal scale, and other features. The company shut down in 2018, which it blamed on a ban by many major airlines on smart suitcases with nonremovable lithium-ion batteries.
73:. It is a rectangular container with a handle and is typically used to carry one's clothes and other belongings while traveling. The first suitcases appeared in the late 19th century due to the increased popularity of
181:. They were initially considered a lesser alternative to trunks, as evidenced by North American travel catalogs from the turn of the 20th century advertising trunks much more prominently than suitcases.
1331:
262:
pilot, in 1987. He had the idea while at a hotel during a layover in
Scandinavia as he watched passengers struggle to get their bags, which were attached by bungee cords, out of
177:
on the inside. Suitcases first started being manufactured alongside trunks by luggage companies such as the
Shwayder Trunk Manufacturing Company, which would later be renamed
1275:
913:
739:
1219:
158:
515:
326:
235:
men would consider rolling their luggage "wimpy" and that women who travelled would have their husbands around to carry their suitcases for them.
90:
Smart suitcases with enhanced capabilities such as GPS tracking and device charging were popularized in the 2010s, though explosions of their
1341:
1247:
397:
A suitcase covered in luggage tags, which were placed on customers' suitcases by hotels from the 1900s to the 1960s as a promotional tactic.
1915:
1126:
353:, and others banned smart luggage with nonremovable batteries from being checked in late 2017 and early 2018, while the United Kingdom's
197:
were responsible for carrying train passengers' suitcases until around the middle of the 20th century, when they became less abundant.
1391:
1010:
1975:
1252:
129:
in 1596 to mean "denoting inconveniently heavy baggage". Luggage prior to the invention of the suitcase was mostly wood and leather
798:
923:
450:
included the suitcase, specifically the addition of wheels to it, on his list of inventions that changed travel forever, while
255:
of the term) is an upright wheeled suitcase with two wheels on the bottom and a telescoping handle invented by Robert Plath, a
1453:
318:, among others. Companies such as Away, Arlo Skye, and Ovis mostly sell smart luggage. Most smart suitcases are powered by a
946:
457:
s
Caroline Costello listed the wheeled suitcase as one of the best travel inventions of all time. Of the wheeled suitcase,
1186:
341:, to put restrictions on smart suitcases with nonremovable batteries in May 2017. United States-based airlines including
638:
329:
classified the batteries as "dangerous goods". It published recommendations to its approximately 275 members, including
154:
835:
214:
wooden handle. Until the 1970s, wheeled luggage was seen by the travel industry as a niche invention solely for women.
1305:
1043:
137:
or tree sap. Servants were often made to carry these trunks for their owners, such as for
European elites during the
668:
1155:
533:
298:
Smart suitcases–suitcases with built-in technological features–became popular in the 2010s. These features include
865:, Bernard D Sadow, "Rolling luggage", issued 4 April 1972, assigned to United States Luggage Corp
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46:
1358:
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After a number of Li-ion batteries in smart suitcases exploded and caught fire in the cargo holds of planes, the
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33:
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on customers' suitcases to advertise themselves, with illustrations inspired by travel posters of the time.
211:
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612:
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built the first aluminum suitcase, which it started selling in 1950 with a grooved design inspired by the
568:
2169:
1980:
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91:
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401:
Suitcases became culturally significant around the 1920s, when they made appearances in books like the
862:
2255:
1859:
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94:
in cargo holds caused them to be banned from being checked by many major airlines in the late 2010s.
226:
remarking to his wife that people needed wheels for their luggage, Sadow returned to his factory in
1160:
1131:
918:
446:
432:
319:
307:
117:, the first luggage—wheeled containers used to transport weaponry—was developed in 1153. The word "
510:
210:
made the first recorded wheeled suitcase, which had two baby carriage wheels attached to it and a
2113:
2025:
1940:
1869:
1570:
1540:
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256:
1156:"From the Crusades to robotic cases, the surprisingly interesting 1,000-year history of luggage"
534:"From the Crusades to robotic cases, the surprisingly interesting 1,000-year history of luggage"
87:
wheels to the suitcase has since been called one of the most significant innovations in travel.
573:
1900:
1555:
1337:
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149:
2250:
740:"Mystery of the wheelie suitcase: how gender stereotypes held back the history of invention"
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194:
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2103:
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2010:
1834:
1783:
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1505:
1439:
1276:"With 'smart' luggage, if you can't remove the lithium battery, consider it grounded"
467:
that "outside the cheap flight, no other modern development has made travel easier".
424:
382:
370:
190:
440:'s character, Joan Wilder, brings her wheeled suitcase to the jungle, which bothers
423:
that they had become "cosmopolitan men". From the 1900s to the 1960s, hotels placed
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1995:
1990:
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The supposedly feminine nature of the wheeled suitcase was mocked in the 1984 film
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2204:
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In 1991, Plath left Northwest Airlines to start the luggage company Travelpro in
2068:
2058:
2005:
1970:
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1580:
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408:
162:
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2053:
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1960:
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1808:
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1610:
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444:'s character, Jack T. Colton, who is attempting to fend off evil. Soo Youn of
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2108:
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2015:
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1191:
358:
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40:
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83:
1420:
122:
118:
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2020:
1965:
1935:
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1626:
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673:
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114:
50:
A Rollaboard, a type of wheeled suitcase, made by German luggage company
1220:"Airlines Restrict 'Smart Luggage' Over Fire Hazards Posed By Batteries"
947:"'Rollerboard' Or 'Rollaboard': What's The Correct Term For A Suitcase?"
2209:
2199:
2174:
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2128:
2073:
2035:
1895:
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1720:
1705:
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221:
An illustration from Bernard D. Sadow's 1972 patent for rolling luggage
174:
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in the 18th century, since travel was mostly exclusive to the wealthy.
108:
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70:
57:
17:
2123:
2078:
2043:
1985:
1485:
1480:
374:
251:
The Rollaboard or roll-aboard (also referred to as a rollerboard, an
231:
186:
134:
51:
1248:"Next-level luggage: Smart suitcases are here and we want every one"
768:"How Gender Bias Inhibits Progress and What Leaders Can Do About It"
357:
recommended a similar ban in 2018. Smart suitcase companies such as
1930:
392:
216:
148:
56:
45:
1104:
1435:
1462:
1224:
887:
103:
12th century to late 19th century: Luggage before the suitcase
1306:"Why your 'smart' luggage could get you kicked off a plane"
669:"The Golden Age of Travel and the History of Luggage Tags"
1187:"Bluesmart shuts down after airlines ban smart luggage"
377:. Samsonite made a push toward using materials such as
1011:"Rollaboard luggage celebrates a wheelie big birthday"
606:
Magazine, Smithsonian; Gross, Daniel A. (9 May 2014).
2137:
2034:
1878:
1827:
1719:
1619:
1473:
907:
905:
527:
525:
247:1980s to 2000s: Rollaboards and other innovations
145:Late 19th century to mid-20th century: Beginnings
133:with an iron base, which were waterproofed using
1392:"What was life like before luggage had wheels?"
1044:"30 Years Ago, One Suitcase Changed Everything"
733:
731:
729:
727:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1154:Elliott, Annabel Fenwick (28 September 2018).
836:"Reinventing the Suitcase by Adding the Wheel"
632:
630:
532:Elliott, Annabel Fenwick (28 September 2018).
373:were made in 2000 by the German luggage maker
1447:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1004:
1002:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
310:, device charging, scales, GPS capabilities,
8:
1180:
1178:
1100:"Behind the scenes at Travelpro luggage lab"
1072:"Rolling Luggage Takes a Load Off Travelers"
914:"7 brilliant inventions that changed travel"
698:
696:
694:
692:
238:After being turned away by Jack Schwartz, a
980:"Success in the Bag for Pilot-Entrepreneur"
562:
560:
558:
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554:
206:second world tour in 1928, American artist
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61:A perspective picture of a modern suitcase
569:"A Brief History of the Modern Suitcase"
285:
1359:"10 best travel inventions of all time"
1330:Joensson, Wolfgang (20 November 2018).
503:
327:International Air Transport Association
1098:Banerjee, Sorboni (22 November 2016).
883:"Happy anniversary, wheeled luggage!"
361:shut down as a result of these bans.
7:
1916:Flexible intermediate bulk container
1042:Arikoglu, Lale (22 September 2017).
797:Mayerowitz, Scott (1 October 2010).
608:"The History of the Humble Suitcase"
82:before it was picked up and sold at
1357:Costello, Caroline (8 March 2012).
1218:Wamsley, Laurel (6 December 2017).
1070:Richardson, Brenda (18 July 1994).
945:Bologna, Caroline (27 April 2022).
799:"The Suitcase With Wheels Turns 40"
1333:Iconix: Exceptional Product Design
1304:Hyde, Amanda (16 September 2022).
978:Altaner, David (31 October 1993).
389:As a symbol and in popular culture
153:A brown leather suitcase from the
25:
1976:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
1274:Sachs, Andrea (23 January 2018).
881:Hunter, Marnie (4 October 2010).
703:Bachelor, Blane (24 March 2015).
282:2010s to present: Smart suitcases
201:1970s to 2000s: Wheeled suitcases
1419:
834:Sharkey, Joe (October 4, 2010).
738:Marçal, Katrine (24 June 2021).
567:McHugh, Jess (8 December 2016).
1744:Diplomatic bag / pouch
1009:Clark, Jayne (16 August 2022).
1246:Biro, Ilona (4 January 2018).
637:Murphy, Cullen (1 June 1986).
1:
912:Youn, Soo (24 October 2018).
766:Diehl, Amy (18 August 2021).
407:series and in films like the
519:. Retrieved December 2, 2022
516:Cambridge English Dictionary
369:The first suitcases made of
290:A smart suitcase created by
155:Auckland War Memorial Museum
1185:O'Kane, Sean (1 May 2018).
2272:
1127:"Luggage through the ages"
639:"Luggage Through the Ages"
121:", derived from the verb "
106:
38:
31:
1291:The Philadelphia Inquirer
413:The Woman in the Suitcase
228:Fall River, Massachusetts
127:Oxford English Dictionary
34:Suitcase (disambiguation)
705:"The history of luggage"
355:Civil Aviation Authority
271:Deerfield Beach, Florida
39:Not to be confused with
185:German luggage company
1336:. Simon and Schuster.
398:
314:, remote locking, and
295:
222:
165:
62:
54:
2170:Electronic flight bag
1981:Reusable shopping bag
1576:Reusable shopping bag
863:US patent 3653474
416:. Daniel A. Gross of
396:
289:
220:
208:Anita Willets-Burnham
193:airplane. In Europe,
152:
92:lithium ion batteries
60:
49:
1666:Lightweight Rucksack
1566:Red box (government)
1561:Plastic shopping bag
1428:at Wikimedia Commons
926:on February 28, 2021
308:fingerprint scanners
125:", was added to the
32:For other uses, see
1280:The Washington Post
1132:The Washington Post
1049:Condé Nast Traveler
919:National Geographic
447:National Geographic
433:Romancing the Stone
320:lithium-ion battery
161:staff nurse during
157:that belonged to a
2026:Zipper storage bag
1941:Packet (container)
677:. 20 December 2021
399:
296:
257:Northwest Airlines
223:
166:
63:
55:
2238:
2237:
1901:Biodegradable bag
1556:Nuclear briefcase
1424:Media related to
1343:978-1-5107-3040-3
300:internal tracking
16:(Redirected from
2263:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1433:
1423:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1390:(19 July 2014).
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922:. Archived from
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574:Travel + Leisure
564:
549:
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529:
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508:
456:
379:vulcanized fibre
275:Flushing, Queens
264:luggage trolleys
21:
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2270:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2133:
2036:Purses/handbags
2030:
1874:
1865:Padded envelope
1823:
1715:
1615:
1469:
1460:
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1077:Chicago Tribune
1069:
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531:
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523:
509:
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482:Shoulder straps
473:
454:
442:Michael Douglas
438:Kathleen Turner
391:
367:
365:Other materials
339:Virgin Atlantic
316:computer vision
284:
249:
203:
147:
111:
105:
100:
44:
37:
30:
29:Form of luggage
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2155:Cowboy bedroll
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2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2001:Stand-up pouch
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
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1968:
1963:
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1933:
1928:
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1908:
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1886:Antistatic bag
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2220:Sleeping bag
2215:Sickness bag
1996:Shopping bag
1991:Security bag
1926:Fuel bladder
1855:Mail satchel
1804:Toiletry bag
1798:
1784:Norfolk case
1671:Medicine bag
1646:Bivouac sack
1596:Survival bag
1586:Shopping bag
1399:. Retrieved
1396:The Guardian
1395:
1382:
1372:– via
1366:. Retrieved
1362:
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1309:
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1289:– via
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985:Sun-Sentinel
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924:the original
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745:The Guardian
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644:The Atlantic
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170:mass tourism
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75:mass tourism
66:
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26:
2256:Travel gear
2069:Gucci Diana
2059:Evening bag
2006:Thermal bag
1971:Plastic bag
1921:Boil-in-bag
1870:Portmanteau
1814:Travel pack
1789:Portmanteau
1779:Nomadic bag
1754:Garment bag
1729:Bug-out bag
1681:Pack basket
1635:Duluth pack
1581:Shell purse
1546:Medical bag
1541:Laundry bag
1521:Grocery bag
1401:12 December
1368:29 November
1315:27 November
1285:27 November
1259:27 November
1231:27 November
1198:27 November
1167:27 November
1139:27 November
1111:27 November
1083:12 December
1055:27 November
1022:12 December
991:28 November
958:27 November
930:29 November
894:28 November
810:28 November
779:28 November
716:28 November
681:28 November
650:12 December
619:25 November
613:Smithsonian
580:28 November
543:27 November
419:Smithsonian
409:silent film
304:geolocation
212:telescoping
163:World War I
113:During the
2245:Categories
2225:Stuff sack
2190:Gunny sack
2180:Flour sack
2104:Minaudière
2054:Coin purse
2049:Birkin bag
1961:Pastry bag
1951:Paper sack
1911:Coffee bag
1891:Bag-in-box
1879:Containers
1845:Mail pouch
1809:Train case
1749:Duffel bag
1739:Diaper bag
1734:Carpet bag
1696:Sabretache
1656:Fanny pack
1631:Canoe pack
1611:Tucker bag
1591:String bag
1511:Flight bag
1496:Bugout bag
1467:containers
777:Retrieved
511:"suitcase"
498:References
461:wrote for
404:Hardy Boys
139:Grand Tour
2230:Throw bag
2205:SchultĂĽte
2185:Gamow bag
2160:Doggy bag
2109:Money bag
2094:Lady Dior
2084:Kelly bag
2016:Trash bag
1956:Parfleche
1946:Paper bag
1850:Mail sack
1794:Saddlebag
1691:Randoseru
1551:Money bag
1536:Haversack
1526:Hambiliya
1491:Briefcase
1426:Suitcases
1388:Jack, Ian
1192:The Verge
359:Bluesmart
292:Bluesmart
278:lighter.
179:Samsonite
41:Briefcase
2195:Poop bag
2150:Burn bag
2145:Body bag
2129:Wristlet
2119:Tote bag
2114:Reticule
2089:Kinchaku
2064:Gaji bag
2021:Wineskin
1966:Pipe bag
1936:Milk bag
1906:Bota bag
1840:Mail bag
1799:Suitcase
1769:Hobo bag
1711:Takiding
1686:Pasiking
1661:Golf bag
1651:Book bag
1627:Backpack
1606:Tote bag
1571:Reticule
1516:Gaji bag
1501:Dillybag
1374:ABC News
1016:ABC News
952:HuffPost
847:11 April
804:ABC News
710:Fox News
674:Barnebys
471:See also
459:Ian Jack
436:, where
343:American
115:Crusades
67:suitcase
2251:Luggage
2210:Showbag
2200:Sandbag
2175:Feedbag
2165:Dry bag
2074:Handbag
1896:Bin bag
1860:Mochila
1774:Holdall
1759:Gig bag
1721:Luggage
1706:Sporran
1701:Satchel
1531:Handbag
1474:Carried
751:23 July
492:Bag tag
477:Baggage
335:JetBlue
253:eggcorn
232:casters
195:porters
175:hat box
119:luggage
109:Baggage
98:History
71:luggage
2124:Wallet
2079:It bag
2044:Bayong
1986:Sachet
1828:Postal
1486:Bindle
1481:Bayong
1340:
1105:FOX 13
869:
375:Rimowa
347:Alaska
337:, and
331:United
240:Macy's
187:Rimowa
159:QAIMNS
135:canvas
131:trunks
84:Macy's
52:Rimowa
18:Valise
2138:Other
1931:Mashk
1819:Trunk
487:Trunk
455:'
351:Delta
1620:Worn
1601:Swag
1463:Bags
1403:2022
1370:2022
1338:ISBN
1317:2022
1287:2022
1261:2022
1233:2022
1200:2022
1169:2022
1141:2022
1113:2022
1085:2022
1057:2022
1024:2022
993:2022
960:2022
932:2022
896:2022
849:2021
812:2022
781:2022
753:2021
718:2022
683:2022
652:2022
621:2022
582:2022
545:2022
381:and
1253:CBC
1225:NPR
888:CNN
773:Ms.
260:747
168:As
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