383:
367:
407:
45:
382:
34:
3770:
510:
201:
and reached 80°26'N in 1765 and 80°30'N in 1766, both expeditions failed to find the route. However, at that time it was the maximum progress of ships to the north; the expedition participants also carried out a large volume of
3750:
3765:
3121:
3775:
3735:
2283:
606:
146:
3730:
1244:
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3664:
879:
887:
366:
3755:
3725:
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658:
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2022:
3628:
406:
1574:
451:
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508:
Ivanov, G. V.; Kostyukov, A. D.; Tashlykov, S. L. (2020). "Военно-исторические аспекты освоения российского арктического пространства".
2973:
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270:
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577:
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99:
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1996:
1073:
599:
444:
548:
Velichko, Konstantin I.; Novitsky, Vasily F.; Schwarz, Aleksey V. von; Apushkin, Vladimir A.; Schoultz, Gustav K. von (1912).
3128:
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558:] (in Russian). Vol. VII: Воинская честь — Гимнастика военная. Moscow: Типография Т-ва И. Д. Сытина. pp. 99–101
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1986:
1939:
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affairs, though indecision prevented him from achieving strategic success at the battle of
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1971:
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1111:
1086:
1041:
1005:
999:
991:
951:
946:
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668:
348:
288:
211:
166:
142:
351:'s favor. Such a resounding success at Reval, despite the huge Swedish superiority in
3709:
3613:
3555:
3550:
3540:
3490:
3485:
3461:
3405:
3282:
3276:
3271:
2870:
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1949:
1919:
1887:
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1303:
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956:
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1961:
1924:
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1845:
1379:
1367:
1310:
1238:
1139:
1036:
1030:
927:
915:
788:
766:
690:
643:
316:
280:
3681:
3581:
3529:
3347:
3134:
2922:
2297:
2229:
1991:
1850:
1813:
1713:
1705:
1513:
849:
296:
292:
250:
203:
3480:
3383:
3367:
3209:
3142:
3043:
2452:
2401:
2361:
1683:
1409:
1337:
1279:
672:
373:
355:, was to a great extent due to the Russian superiority in ship equipment (see
344:
178:
138:
3002:
1839:
1391:
1174:
461:
I class (26 Jul. 1790) – "for victory in the Battle of Vyborg (Vyborg Bay)".
304:
234:
20:
44:
2934:
198:
118:
107:
103:
3561:
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1728:
1206:
1182:
1170:
300:
174:
170:
91:
33:
1807:
1132:
230:
584:
1193:
19:
For other uses of "Chichagov" and people with similar names, see
214:
observations, describing the animal and plant life of
Svalbard.
3771:
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
2384:
626:
588:
524:
133:
Joining the Navy at the age of 16, Chichagov was educated in
185:, was put in charge of the expedition with three ships, the
3751:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree
257:, and a mountain at Svalbard are named after Chichagov.
3766:
Emigrants from the
Russian Empire to the United Kingdom
454:(1790) – "for victory in the Battle of Revel (Reval)";
77:
3362:
3093:
2680:
2420:
1793:
1324:
1169:
667:
3776:Burials at Lazarevskoe Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)
295:. When the war over, he administered the ports of
283:'s reign, Chichagov was made responsible for the
319:. He won over and/or steadfastly fought against
149:(after he had settled into retirement in 1797).
86:28 February] 1726 – 16 April [
542:Lomonosov's Project and Chichagov's Expedition
173:oceans by sailing along the northern coast of
600:
440:IV class (26 Nov. 1773) – "for 18 campaigns";
8:
2394:
2381:
636:
623:
607:
593:
585:
347:the same year and thus ending the war in
3665:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
177:. Chichagov, then serving as the deputy
102:by fighting three major battles, and an
3240:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
500:
477:
362:
145:woman, and spend his last years in the
137:. Throughout his life, he would become
569:
452:Order of Saint Andrew the First-Called
7:
291:warships from gaining access to the
161:organized an expedition to find the
3026:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1223:Norse colonization of North America
139:enthusiastic for all things British
3736:Russian explorers of North America
2555:United States Exploring Expedition
14:
3731:Explorers from the Russian Empire
3629:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2997:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
98:who distinguished himself in the
3741:Russian explorers of the Pacific
3523:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2916:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
405:
381:
365:
43:
32:
445:Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
90:4 April] 1809) was an
3756:Explorers of the United States
3726:Imperial Russian Navy admirals
487:: Василій Яковлевичъ Чичаговъ
53:Depictions of Vasily Chichagov
1:
2902:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2837:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
576:: CS1 maint: date and year (
467:Notes, references and sources
271:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
267:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
3259:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3075:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2881:French Antarctic Expeditions
2811:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2697:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
815:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
514:(in Russian) (6). Moscow: 7.
60:Vasily Yakovlevich Chichagov
2344:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2023:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
888:Andrée's balloon expedition
556:Sytin Military Encyclopedia
551:Военная энциклопедия Сытина
339:proved his high ability in
335:. Victory in the battle of
285:defense of the Kerch Strait
78:
16:Russian admiral (1726–1809)
3792:
1545:Franklin's lost expedition
1245:Christian IV's expeditions
511:Военно-исторический журнал
264:
197:. Although he sailed past
79:Vasiliy Yakovlevič Čičagov
18:
2397:
2393:
2380:
1899:Great Northern Expedition
1575:Rae–Richardson expedition
775:British Arctic Expedition
639:
635:
622:
68:Василий Яковлевич Чичагов
67:
3183:British Antarctic Survey
3177:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2422:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
412:Tomb of V. Y. Chichagov.
311:(1788–1790), he was the
3746:Russian polar explorers
3659:Pole of inaccessibility
3322:Antarctic Treaty System
1663:2nd Grinnell expedition
277:first Russo-Turkish War
157:In 1764, the scientist
325:Battle of Öland (1789)
233:, the bay and cape of
141:, eventually marry an
3329:Transglobe Expedition
3228:Operation Deep Freeze
2637:Challenger expedition
1503:Coppermine expedition
1024:Drifting ice stations
459:Order of Saint George
438:Order of Saint George
357:Reval order of battle
227:Alexander Archipelago
113:He was the father of
82:; 11 March [
525:Velichko et al. 1912
485:Pre-1918 orthography
415:Lazarevskoe Cemetery
333:Battle of Vyborg Bay
3499:South magnetic pole
2165:Brusilov expedition
1274:Danish colonization
712:North magnetic pole
431:Order of Saint Anna
121:admiral during the
100:Russian–Swedish war
3190:Operation Windmill
3171:Operation Highjump
2146:Rusanov expedition
2051:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1795:North East Passage
1599:McClure expedition
457: •
450: •
443: •
436: •
429: •
313:commander-in-chief
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3157:Operation Tabarin
3019:Far Eastern Party
2865:Nimrod Expedition
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
1935:M. Pronchishcheva
1857:Siberian Cossacks
1326:Northwest Passage
659:Research stations
616:Polar exploration
394:Alexey Bogolyubov
372:V. Ya. Chichagov
353:ships of the line
309:Russo-Swedish War
287:, preventing the
249:on the island of
239:Marquesas Islands
221:Archipelago, the
163:Northeast Passage
76:
3783:
3204:Ronne Expedition
2689:
2683:
2547:Dumont d'Urville
2395:
2382:
1930:V. Pronchishchev
637:
624:
609:
602:
595:
586:
581:
575:
567:
565:
563:
528:
522:
516:
515:
505:
488:
482:
409:
385:
376:by A. E. Munster
369:
255:Aleutian Islands
247:Chichagof Harbor
243:French Polynesia
229:in southeastern
223:Chichagof Island
183:Arkhangelsk Port
81:
71:
69:
47:
36:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3691:
3366:
3358:
3234:McMurdo Station
3103:Modern research
3101:
3089:
2824:O. Nordenskjöld
2687:
2681:
2676:
2592:Ross expedition
2416:
2389:
2368:
1797:
1789:
1330:Northern Canada
1328:
1320:
1173:
1165:
671:
663:
631:
618:
613:
568:
561:
559:
547:
537:
532:
531:
523:
519:
507:
506:
502:
497:
492:
491:
483:
479:
474:
469:
464:
447:(24 Nov. 1782);
425:
420:
417:
413:
410:
401:
398:Ivan Aivazovsky
390:Battle of Reval
386:
377:
370:
331:(1790) and the
329:Battle of Reval
273:
265:Main articles:
263:
261:Military career
155:
131:
123:Napoleonic Wars
115:Pavel Chichagov
106:who researched
57:
56:
55:
54:
50:
49:
48:
39:
38:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3789:
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3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3697:
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3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3651:Vostok Station
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3602:Cherry-Garrard
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3442:Southern Cross
3438:
3437:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3372:
3370:
3364:Farthest South
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3325:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3274:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3236:
3231:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3061:Ross Sea party
3057:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3022:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2861:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2755:Southern Cross
2748:Southern Cross
2744:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2692:
2690:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2613:
2607:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2494:Bellingshausen
2484:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2353:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1801:
1799:Russian Arctic
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1241:
1236:
1234:Snæbjörn galti
1231:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1027:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
996:
995:
994:
980:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
935:
930:
925:
924:
923:
918:
903:
898:
897:
896:
884:
883:
882:
870:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
835:
834:
833:
828:
823:
811:
810:
809:
804:
799:
791:
786:
771:
770:
769:
764:
759:
742:
741:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
677:
675:
669:Farthest North
665:
664:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
640:
633:
632:
627:
620:
619:
614:
612:
611:
604:
597:
589:
583:
582:
545:
536:
533:
530:
529:
517:
499:
498:
496:
493:
490:
489:
476:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:
455:
448:
441:
434:
426:
424:
421:
419:
418:
411:
404:
402:
387:
380:
378:
371:
364:
361:
262:
259:
212:meteorological
154:
151:
147:United Kingdom
130:
127:
52:
51:
42:
41:
40:
31:
30:
29:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3788:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2782:Discovery Hut
2780:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:A. Sibiryakov
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2284:Glavsevmorput
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1586:J. Richardson
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:M. Corte-Real
1346:
1344:
1343:G. Corte-Real
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:C. Richardson
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:Georgiy Sedov
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
989:
988:
987:
986:
981:
979:
978:
977:
972:
968:
965:
963:
962:Riiser-Larsen
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
942:
941:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
912:
911:
910:
904:
902:
899:
895:
892:
891:
890:
889:
885:
881:
878:
877:
876:
875:
871:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:
847:
846:
845:
844:
842:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
817:
816:
812:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
797:
792:
790:
787:
785:
784:
779:
778:
777:
776:
772:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:
753:
752:
751:
750:
748:
743:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
713:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
617:
610:
605:
603:
598:
596:
591:
590:
587:
579:
573:
557:
553:
552:
546:
543:
539:
538:
534:
526:
521:
518:
513:
512:
504:
501:
494:
486:
481:
478:
471:
466:
460:
456:
453:
449:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
428:
427:
422:
416:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
384:
379:
375:
368:
363:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:. During the
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
272:
268:
260:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:Novaya Zemlya
215:
213:
209:
208:oceanographic
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
152:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:Great Britain
128:
126:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
74:
65:
61:
46:
35:
26:
22:
3761:Baltic Fleet
3657:
3645:Pole of Cold
3643:
3569:
3560:
3528:
3521:
3497:
3468:
3454:
3448:Borchgrevink
3440:
3427:
3412:
3392:
3377:
3346:
3327:
3320:
3304:
3290:
3281:
3264:
3257:
3238:
3226:
3202:
3188:
3181:
3169:
3155:
3141:
3127:
3120:
3081:
3073:
3059:
3052:
3050:
3032:
3024:
3017:
3004:
2995:
2957:
2949:
2940:
2933:
2921:
2914:
2900:
2888:Pourquoi-Pas
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2858:Orcadas Base
2856:
2848:
2835:
2829:C. A. Larsen
2817:
2809:
2795:
2788:
2775:
2767:
2761:Borchgrevink
2754:
2746:
2703:
2695:
2670:C. A. Larsen
2663:
2644:
2635:
2617:
2599:
2590:
2577:
2562:
2553:
2540:
2501:
2487:
2480:
2461:
2446:
2356:
2349:
2332:
2325:
2311:
2296:
2282:
2269:
2244:
2230:
2228:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2170:
2163:
2144:
2110:
2108:
2094:
2092:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2042:
2040:
2021:
1956:
1897:
1855:
1838:
1806:
1770:
1768:
1748:
1747:
1727:
1726:
1712:
1699:
1684:
1670:
1661:
1648:
1619:
1607:Investigator
1606:
1597:
1573:
1560:
1552:
1543:
1530:
1501:
1478:
1463:
1448:
1418:
1403:
1373:
1292:
1272:
1243:
1239:Erik the Red
1221:
1199:
1192:
1149:submersibles
1146:
1140:Arktika 2007
1138:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1029:
1022:
998:
984:
983:
975:
973:
939:
937:
908:
905:
894:S. A. Andrée
886:
873:
848:
840:
837:
813:
795:
782:
773:
755:
746:
744:
710:
560:. Retrieved
555:
550:
544:. SPb, 1854.
541:
540:A. Sokolov.
520:
509:
503:
480:
433:(Oct. 1772);
317:Baltic Fleet
274:
245:, the inlet
216:
194:
190:
186:
165:between the
156:
132:
112:
96:Russian Navy
59:
58:
25:
3721:1809 deaths
3716:1726 births
3348:Lake Vostok
3298:Tryoshnikov
3220:Schlossbach
3111:Christensen
3053:James Caird
2974:E. R. Evans
2740:Dobrowolski
2710:de Gerlache
2412:Expeditions
2298:Aviaarktika
2252:Samoylovich
2123:Kolomeitsev
2017:Middendorff
1977:Gedenshtrom
1397:I. Fyodorov
1159:Chilingarov
1047:E. Fyodorov
654:Expeditions
400:'s painting
297:Arkhangelsk
293:Sea of Azov
275:During the
217:Islands of
204:geophysical
153:Expeditions
3710:Categories
3571:Terra Nova
3476:Shackleton
3419:J. C. Ross
3378:Resolution
3368:South Pole
3143:New Swabia
3067:Mackintosh
3039:Shackleton
2958:Terra Nova
2951:Terra Nova
2685:Heroic Age
2645:Challenger
2605:J. C. Ross
2515:Bransfield
2447:Resolution
2362:icebreaker
2326:Chelyuskin
2067:expedition
2045:Expedition
1987:Matyushkin
1945:Kh. Laptev
1940:Chelyuskin
1834:Heemskerck
1824:Chancellor
1819:Willoughby
1814:Koch boats
1757:Stefansson
1691:McClintock
1655:Inglefield
1497:J. C. Ross
1404:Resolution
1256:Cunningham
1154:Sagalevich
843:expedition
802:Stephenson
762:C. F. Hall
749:expedition
723:J. C. Ross
686:Heemskerck
673:North Pole
495:References
374:lithograph
179:commandant
129:Background
3670:Tolstikov
3456:Discovery
3426:HMS
3411:HMS
3393:Adventure
3391:HMS
3376:HMS
3312:Tolstikov
3033:Endurance
2818:Antarctic
2803:Drygalski
2776:Discovery
2769:Discovery
2730:Arctowski
2643:HMS
2616:HMS
2610:Abernethy
2598:HMS
2576:USS
2563:Vincennes
2561:USS
2541:Astrolabe
2481:San Telmo
2462:Adventure
2460:HMS
2445:HMS
2440:Kerguelen
2402:Continent
2387:Antarctic
2264:Urvantsev
2222:Vilkitsky
2075:Jeannette
2073:USS
2065:Jeannette
2029:Weyprecht
2007:Pakhtusov
1957:Chichagov
1950:D. Laptev
1893:Permyakov
1868:Stadukhin
1863:Perfilyev
1840:Mangazeya
1778:H. Larsen
1743:Rasmussen
1698:HMS
1669:USS
1618:HMS
1605:HMS
1569:Collinson
1559:HMS
1551:HMS
1529:HMS
1477:HMS
1462:HMS
1447:HMS
1432:Mackenzie
1419:Discovery
1417:HMS
1402:HMS
1374:Discovery
1353:Frobisher
1316:Rasmussen
1229:Gunnbjörn
1175:Greenland
1104:USS
1095:USS
967:Ellsworth
909:Roosevelt
839:Nansen's
796:Discovery
794:HMS
781:HMS
728:Abernethy
696:Marmaduke
572:cite book
562:25 August
305:Kronstadt
281:Catherine
237:, in the
235:Nuka Hiva
187:Chichagov
159:Lomonosov
73:romanized
21:Chichagov
3682:A. Fuchs
3639:V. Fuchs
3619:McKinley
3582:E. Evans
3541:Bjaaland
3536:Amundsen
3486:Marshall
3399:Furneaux
3251:V. Fuchs
3215:E. Ronne
3210:F. Ronne
3149:Ritscher
3003:SY
2991:Filchner
2935:Framheim
2929:Amundsen
2735:Racoviță
2720:Amundsen
2715:Lecointe
2584:Ringgold
2578:Porpoise
2468:Furneaux
2304:Shevelev
2259:Begichev
2238:Amundsen
2200:Nagórski
2178:Brusilov
2172:Sv. Anna
2086:Melville
2056:Palander
2012:Tsivolko
1972:Sannikov
1967:Billings
1910:Chirikov
1829:Barentsz
1771:St. Roch
1762:Bartlett
1736:Amundsen
1720:Sverdrup
1620:Resolute
1509:Franklin
1437:Kotzebue
1304:Sverdrup
1287:Scoresby
1261:Lindenov
1112:Plaisted
1097:Nautilus
1042:Shirshov
1016:Belyakov
1011:Baydukov
985:Nautilus
947:Amundsen
907:SS
866:Sverdrup
861:Johansen
831:Brainard
826:Lockwood
681:Barentsz
199:Svalbard
193:and the
167:Atlantic
108:Svalbard
104:explorer
3687:Messner
3634:Hillary
3614:Balchen
3562:Polheim
3556:Wisting
3434:Crozier
3406:Weddell
3384:J. Cook
3354:Kapitsa
3335:Fiennes
3277:Klenova
3246:Hillary
3196:Ketchum
3122:BANZARE
3097:·
2942:Polheim
2908:Shirase
2894:Charcot
2704:Belgica
2623:Crozier
2535:Morrell
2530:Weddell
2508:Lazarev
2453:J. Cook
2407:History
2357:Arktika
2333:Krassin
2318:Voronin
2290:Schmidt
2276:Ushakov
2215:Vaygach
2183:Albanov
2152:Rusanov
2133:Kolchak
2128:Matisen
2102:Makarov
2081:De Long
1982:Wrangel
1962:Lyakhov
1915:Malygin
1873:Dezhnev
1700:Pandora
1671:Advance
1638:Kennedy
1633:Belcher
1626:Kellett
1613:McClure
1537:Beechey
1531:Blossom
1524:Simpson
1492:Crozier
1485:Hoppner
1442:J. Ross
1410:J. Cook
1358:Gilbert
1251:J. Hall
1217:Ingólfr
1207:Naddodd
1201:Vikings
1188:Brendan
1183:Pytheas
1171:Iceland
1125:Arktika
1117:Herbert
1082:Badygin
1052:Krenkel
1037:Papanin
1006:Chkalov
992:Wilkins
957:Wisting
901:F. Cook
807:Markham
767:Bessels
756:Polaris
747:Polaris
718:J. Ross
701:Carolus
649:History
535:Sources
323:in the
315:of the
289:Ottoman
253:in the
225:in the
195:Babayev
175:Siberia
171:Pacific
143:English
119:Russian
94:in the
92:admiral
75::
64:Russian
3597:Bowers
3592:Wilson
3551:Hassel
3546:Helmer
3515:Mackay
3505:Mawson
3470:Nimrod
3428:Terror
3413:Erebus
3340:Burton
3135:Rymill
3011:Mawson
3005:Aurora
2984:Lashly
2969:Wilson
2872:Nimrod
2849:Scotia
2656:Murray
2631:Cooper
2618:Terror
2600:Erebus
2569:Wilkes
2520:Palmer
2488:Vostok
2435:Bouvet
2359:-class
2339:Gakkel
2207:Taymyr
2188:Konrad
2157:Kuchin
2095:Yermak
2002:Lavrov
1920:Ovtsyn
1905:Bering
1883:Ivanov
1846:Hudson
1808:Pomors
1785:Cowper
1750:Karluk
1649:Isabel
1643:Bellot
1593:Austin
1561:Terror
1553:Erebus
1449:Griper
1425:Clerke
1385:Baffin
1368:Hudson
1299:Nansen
1212:Garðar
1133:Barneo
1000:ANT-25
976:Italia
952:Nobile
921:Henson
880:Amedeo
856:Nansen
821:Greely
691:Hudson
629:Arctic
423:Honors
396:after
349:Russia
345:Vyborg
327:, the
321:Sweden
303:, and
231:Alaska
189:, the
3677:Crary
3624:Dufek
3587:Oates
3577:Scott
3510:David
3491:Adams
3462:Barne
3283:Mirny
3272:Somov
3082:Quest
2979:Crean
2964:Scott
2843:Bruce
2797:Gauss
2790:Gauss
2664:Jason
2651:Nares
2525:Davis
2502:Mirny
2475:Smith
2430:Roché
2350:Lenin
2270:Sadko
2195:Wiese
2140:Sedov
2111:Zarya
2034:Payer
1997:Litke
1992:Anjou
1925:Minin
1888:Vagin
1878:Popov
1851:Poole
1706:Young
1519:Dease
1464:Hecla
1455:Parry
1380:Bylot
1363:Davis
1338:Cabot
1311:Peary
1293:Jason
1280:Egede
1194:Papar
1106:Skate
1087:Wiese
1067:NP-37
1060:NP-36
940:Norge
928:Sedov
916:Peary
874:Jason
789:Nares
783:Alert
738:Hayes
706:Parry
644:Ocean
554:[
472:Notes
341:naval
337:Reval
301:Revel
191:Panov
3609:Byrd
3530:Fram
3481:Wild
3163:Marr
3129:BGLE
3116:Byrd
3044:Wild
2923:Fram
2725:Cook
2246:AARI
2231:Maud
2118:Toll
2043:Vega
1729:Gjøa
1714:Fram
1677:Kane
1514:Back
1479:Fury
1470:Lyon
1392:Munk
1031:NP-1
933:Byrd
850:Fram
841:Fram
733:Kane
578:link
564:2023
388:The
269:and
251:Attu
210:and
169:and
117:, a
88:O.S.
84:O.S.
3306:3rd
3292:2nd
3266:1st
3099:IGY
3095:IPY
1685:Fox
1581:Rae
1147:Mir
1123:NS
392:by
359:).
279:of
241:of
181:of
3712::
2211:/
574:}}
570:{{
299:,
206:,
125:.
110:.
70:,
66::
2688:"
2682:"
2625:)
2621:(
2612:)
2603:(
608:e
601:t
594:v
580:)
566:.
527:.
62:(
23:.
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