Variable-sweep wing - Knowledge (XXG)

239: 330: 770: 318: 527: 695:. From the VFX submissions, the US Navy procured the Grumman F-14 Tomcat to replace the canceled F-111B fleet interceptor during the 1970s. The F-14 was a more nimble fighter than the F-4 Phantom II and, unlike the F-111, its variable-sweep wings automatically adjusted over its speed range, and could be moved even during turns. Furthermore, the wings could be swept forward for tight "bat" turns in close quarters aerial combat, as well as rearwards for dash speeds. 638: 699: 59: 206:

the body of an aircraft, through very small deflections. He conceived of a simple ichthyoid (fish-like) fuselage with a variable wing. No other control surfaces were needed. Subtle movements of the wings were able to induce the small deflections which controlled the direction of flight, while trim was maintained by adjusting the angle of sweep to compensate for the varying position of the centre of lift at different speeds.

112:) with a fixed sweep angle. These are simple and efficient wing designs for high speed flight, but there are performance tradeoffs. One is that the stalling speed is increased, necessitating long runways (unless complex high-lift wing devices are built in). Another is that the aircraft's fuel consumption during subsonic cruise is higher than that of an unswept wing. These tradeoffs are particularly acute for naval 47: 255: 593:, a supersonic low-level strategic bomber. Later variants of the type would have been fitted with variable-geometry wings. However, on 1 April 1965, development of the TSR-2 was terminated during the flight testing phase primarily due to the programme's spiralling costs. To replace the TSR-2, the Air Ministry initially placed an option for the American 2295: 116:. A variable-sweep wing allows the pilot to use the optimum sweep angle for the aircraft's speed at the moment, whether slow or fast. The more efficient sweep angles available offset the weight and volume penalties imposed by the wing's mechanical sweep mechanisms. Its greater complexity and cost make it practical mostly for 795:. However it evolved through several configurations during the design stage, finally adding a canard, and it eventually became clear that the design would be so heavy that it would be lacking sufficient payload for the fuel needed. The design was later abandoned in favor of a more conventional tailed 445:

light fighter for two different concepts – one tailless and one using with a conventional tail – for a multipurpose fighter/strike/trainer, designated as the Fo. 147. It had a unique mechanism for wing sweep that combined tracks on the fuselage sides and the underside of the wings, which was actuated

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was opposed to committing any resources to the project. Wallis collaborated with NASA's Langley Laboratory on a design study for a variable-sweep fighter. Although it used the pivot mechanism he had developed, NASA also insisted on implementing a conventional horizontal stabiliser to ease the issues

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started studying the variable sweep wing. He devised a method of varying the tail geometry as well in order to stabilise the centre of lift; no sliding mechanism was necessary, instead, the wing wake interacted with the variable tail to effect the necessary trim changes. During 1949 and 1951, Baynes

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A straight, unswept wing experiences high drag as it approaches the speed of sound, due to the progressive buildup of sonic shockwaves. Sweeping the wing at an angle, whether backwards or forwards, delays their onset and reduces their overall drag. However it also reduces the overall span of a given

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during takeoff and landing, while also generating little drag during a high-speed dash. When the wings were set to their widest position the aircraft had considerably better lift and power than the B-52, allowing the B-1 to operate from a much wider variety of bases. Rockwell submitted its proposal

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were unenthusiastic participants in the AFVG, the former wanting to pursue its own indigenous variable geometry aircraft, while the latter had determined that the type did not align with its future equipment plans. In June 1967, the French government announced their withdrawal from the AFVG project

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developed a radical aircraft configuration for high-speed flight, which he regarded as distinct from the conventional fixed-wing aeroplane and called it the wing controlled aerodyne. His previous work on the stability of airships had impressed on him the high control forces that could be exerted on

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functionality via the canard, the necessity of a large tailplane was eliminated. The Fo. 147 was claimed to have been capable of speeds in excess of Mach 2, being limited by the heat buildup generated by high speed flight. Ultimately, the concept would not be developed to the prototype stage while

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Barnes' work inspired a number of further studies, including a wing controlled aerodyne in response to OR.346 for a supersonic STOL fighter-bomber, then as BAC two further submissions: the Type 583 to meet Naval ER.206 and Type 584 to meet NATO NBMR.3, both also being V/STOL requirements. In 1960,

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A fixed wing must be a compromise between these two requirements. Varying the sweep in flight allows it to be optimised for each phase of flight, offering a smaller aircraft with higher performance. However it has disadvantages which must be allowed for. As the wing sweeps its centre of lift moves

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Despite the AFVG programme's collapse, the design was revamped by BAC into a larger strike-oriented variable geometry aircraft. Holding contracts were issued to BAC to support the project, which had been re-designated as the United Kingdom Variable Geometry (UKVG) aircraft. In November 1967, BAC

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which was, in part, developed to investigate the benefits of varying wing sweep. Its sweep angle mechanism, which could only be adjusted on the ground between three separate positions of 30, 40, and 45 degrees, was intended for testing only, and was unsuitable for combat operations. However, by

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For supersonic flight a delta-planform lifting body is more suitable than a simple ichthyoid. A conflict also arises between the wing sweep angle necessary for trim and the optimal angle for supersonic cruise. Wallis resolved this by moving mass, typically the engines, out to the wing tips and

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Independently from Baynes, British engineer Barnes Wallis was also developing a more radical variable-geometry concept, which he called the wing controlled aerodyne, to maximise the economy of high-speed flight. His first study was the Wild Goose project. Subsequently, Barnes devised the

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of trim and manoeuvrability. Although it was no longer the wing-controlled aerodyne that Wallis envisaged, it would prove a more practical solution than either his or Bell's. Swallow research led to several new configurations, including the adoption of a compact folding tail section and

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with it. Some mechanism, such as a sliding wing root or larger tail stabiliser, must be incorporated to trim out the changes and maintain level flight. The added weight of the sweep and trim mechanisms eat into the performance gains, while their complexity adds to cost and maintenance.

679:. This memorandum eventually led to the launch of the multinational Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA) project, which successfully produced a variable geometry aircraft for the strike, reconnaissance, and interception missions in the form of the Panavia Tornado. 352:, was constructed with wings that enabled the sweep angle to be altered mid-flight. As the wing swept back, the root also slid forwards, maintaining the centre of lift in a constant position. A variable-sweep wing of this sliding type was flown on the prototype 281:

design whose lightly swept wings could vary their sweep through a small angle during flight. This allowed longitudinal trim in the absence of a separate horizontal stabiliser. The concept would later be incorporated in Barnes Wallis's wing-controlled aerodyne.

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swivelling them as the wing swept in order to maintain the thrust line. In the asymmetric engine-out condition, the remaining engines could be swivelled to divert the thrust line closer to the centre of pressure and reduce the asymmetry to manageable levels.

503:, the issue also has been attributed with the loss of an F-111 in the following year. Accordingly, the attach points were structurally redesigned and subject to intensive testing of both the design and manufacturing quality. The F-111B, intended for the 576:

fighter and the Sukhoi Su-24 tactical bomber, both of which flew in prototype forms around the end of the 1960s and entering service during the early 1970s. During 1962, Tupolev's design team, recognising room for improvement on the recently introduced

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turbofan engines, was also mooted. As solely funding for the UKVG was unrealistic, the British government pursued partners within its fellow NATO members, promoting the concept of developing and procuring a common NATO strike aircraft. In July 1968, a

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bomber, begun work on an extensively redesigned derivative that incorporated a variable geometry wing, intended to address the Tu-22's poor handling characteristics more so than bolstering its efficiency at high speeds. As of 2014 more than 100

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applications associated with this work. While the design reached the physical modelling stage and was subject to a complete round of wind tunnel tests, the British Government failed to provide financial backing for the work, allegedly due to

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Following the AFVG effort, Dassault Aviation constructed a prototype fighter, the Mirage G, completing two aircraft, the Mirage G4 and G8, in 1968. Furthermore, Dassault also worked in cooperation with the American manufacturing interest

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During the 1960s, the first programmes to produce mass production variable-sweep aircraft commenced. In the United States, such a configuration for the TFX (Tactical Fighter Experimental) program, which resulted in the development of the

2220:, February 2002 Issue. Quote: "dedicated air combat occurs at below about 0.8 because of high turning drag – an arena in which the F-14's 20-degree sweep is optimal ... it has only 36 percent of the F-14's payload/range capability." 123:

A number of aircraft, both experimental and production, were introduced between the 1940s and the 1970s. The majority of production aircraft to be furnished with variable-sweep wings have been strike-oriented aircraft, such as the

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As such, producing new, "clean-sheet" Soviet designs remained desirable. For this, TsAGI devised a more narrowly-spaced arrangement somewhat similar to that of the F-111. This design was used, albeit at different scales, for the

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Following the TSR-2's cancellation, BAC moved their variable-geometry work to Warton, there submitting the P.45 light attack/trainer to AST 362. This work fed into a joint Anglo-French programme to develop a

549:) between the wing pivots. By adopting a wider spacing, this not only reduced the negative aerodynamic effects of changing wing sweep, but also provided a larger fixed wing section which could be used for 722:

in January 1970, competing against bids by Boeing and General Dynamics. The B-1's development was authorised in October 1981 as a stopgap between the increasingly vulnerable B-52 and the more capable

1473:, Dassault had gained valuable data on variable-geometry configurations from the AFVG programme and may have used the excuse of cost issues in order to divert funds and data to their own VG projects. 545:, the Soviet aerodynamics bureau, performing extensive studies into variable geometry wings. TsAGI evolved two distinct designs, differing mainly in the distance (expressed as a percentage of total 809:

In 2015, the Russian Ministry of Defence announced plans to restart Tu-160 production, citing the aging of the current aircraft and likely protracted development of its eventual replacement, the

85:, or set of wings, that may be modified during flight, swept back and then returned to its previous straight position. Because it allows the aircraft's shape to be changed, it is an example of a 761:, during April 1987. The aircraft is the largest and heaviest combat aircraft, the fastest bomber in use and the largest and heaviest variable-sweep wing airplane to have ever flown as of 2020. 650:

issued a brochure on the UKVG proposal; various proposals would be issued to cover the use of multiple different engines. The quick production of a demonstrator aircraft, powered by a pair of

152:. From the 1980s onwards, the development of such aircraft were curtailed by advances in flight control technology and structural materials which have allowed designers to closely tailor the 484:, a sizable twin-engined aircraft intended to perform multiple roles. The F-111 is the first production aircraft to feature a variable-geometry wing and it, along with other systems such as 2440: 499:

Despite this head start in the field, development of the F-111 was protracted; flight testing of the F-111A model only ended in 1973. During 1968, cracks were discovered in the F-111's

2700: 2395: 507:, was cancelled in 1968 due the aircraft's weight and performance issues, as well as its inadequacies for the service's fighter requirements. Several variants, such as the FB-111A 404:

Despite this lack of backing, the Swallow attracted international attention for some time. During late 1958, research efforts were temporarily revived through cooperation with the

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By moving the wing pivots outboard and only sweeping part of the wing, the trim changes are reduced, but so too is the variation in span and accompanying operational flexibility.

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The Soviet Union also opted to develop a large strategic bomber equipped with variable geometry wings. During the early 1970s, Tupolev's design, which was initially designated

348:. However, due to a lack of documentation as well as some structural damage sustained, Bell decided against completing the aircraft itself. Instead, a close copy, known as the 806:

flight control systems in the 1970s negated many of the disadvantages of a fixed-wing configuration. No new variable-sweep wing aircraft have been built since the Tu-160.

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in 1952. However, flight testing of the F10F proved to be unacceptable, albeit for other factors such as a lack of engine power and considerable controllability issues.

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as its chief engineer and director; he soon set about harnessing his experience of variable-geometry wings. Accordingly, such a wing was combined with the firm's

412:, under which all of Wallis' variable geometry research was shared with the Americans. According to aviation author James R. Hansen, American aerospace engineer 2944: 568:). The limitation of the wide spacing, however, was that it reduced the benefits of variable geometry as much as it reduced their technical difficulties. 3521: 156:

and structure of aircraft, removing the need for variable sweep angle to achieve the required performance; instead, wings are given computer-controlled

401:, at speeds of up to Mach 2. However, in 1957, British government decided to withdraw backing from many aeronautical programs, including Wallis' work. 2197:

Claude Carlier, Une formule aérodynamique gagnante. La grande aventure des «Mirage» à géométrie variable, 2, Le Fana de l’aviation, 537, août 2014.

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testing an unusual asymmetric wing configuration, a possible in-flight failure case, showing one wing at minimum sweep and one at maximum sweep

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It is not necessary to sweep the port and starboard wings in the same sense - one can be swept back and the other forward, as in the

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model, featured elongated wings to give a greater range and load-carrying capability. The F-111's wing featured pivoting

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Varying the sweep asymmetrically by small amounts was also fundamental to the principle of the wing controlled aerodyne.

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positioned at the wing's inner ends. The wings could be swept from 20 degrees to 70 degrees; at the 70-degree position,

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Development of the Messerschmitt P.1101 (qv), sweep could be varied between positions at 20°, 40°, or 60° in flight.

726:(ATB). Initial operational capability was reached on 1 October 1986 and the B-1B was placed on nuclear alert status. 462:, while this was provided by a retractable canard arrangement when swept at the 20-degree position, using full auto- 389:

within ten hours. Later on, the Swallow was increasingly viewed as a potential supersonic successor to the subsonic

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flight it is essential that the wing be swept. Most aircraft that travel at those speeds usually have wings (either

3556: 3511: 3202: 1425: 723: 515:(two under each wing) which automatically adjusted to the sweep angle. Subsequent swing-wing aircraft, such as the 329: 1985:

Conclusions of a Meeting of the Cabinet held at 10 Downing Street, S.W.1, on Thursday, 1st April, 1965, at 10 p.m.

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project. Production restarted in 2021, marking the first new variable sweep airframes to be produced in 29 years.

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began to actively undermine the AFVG, as it was working on two competing in-house projects: the variable geometry

597:; while the F-111K was promoted as being cheaper, this too was terminated during January 1968 on grounds of cost. 293:

discovered the advantages of the swept wing for transonic flight, and also its disadvantages at lower speeds. The

3742: 3586: 3536: 1361: 609:(AFVG). This multirole aircraft was to be equipped with a variable geometry wing and was intended to perform the 274: 709:

adopted variable geometry for the much larger Advanced Manned Strategic Bomber (AMSA) program that produced the

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Conclusions of a Meeting of the Cabinet held at 10 am. 10 Downing Street, S.W.1, on Thursday, 1st April, 1965

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penetration speeds at extremely low level. The B-1's variable-sweep wings provide a relatively high level of

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1 unfinished airframe, wings variable to 3 pre-set positions of 20°, 40°, or 45° only while on the ground.

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Following the end of the conflict, the partially complete P.1101 was recovered and transported to the

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The Race for Hitler's X-Planes : Britain's 1945 Mission to Capture Secret Luftwaffe Technology

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tailless aircraft, which was envisioned to be capable of making return flights between Europe and

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bomber, intended to provide an optimum combination of high-speed cruising efficiency and fast,

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Sweep could be varied between 20° and 68° in flight, could be "overswept" to 75° for parking.

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Sweep could be varied between positions at 13.5° or 42.5° in flight, 2nd example not flown.

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of the wing automatically to adjust to the flight regime; this technique is another form of

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Murray, Iain. "Bouncing-Bomb Man: the Science of Sir Barnes Wallis." Haynes, 2009. p. 191.

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Hawker's Secret Projects: Cold War Aircraft That Never Flew By Christopher Budgen 2023,

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was the first variable-sweep wing aircraft to be put into production. Shown are three

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The World's Worst Aircraft: From Pioneering Failures to Multimillion Dollar Disasters

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The earliest use of variable sweep was to trim the aeroplane for level flight. The

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The Bird Is on the Wing: Aerodynamics and the Progress of the American Airplane

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wing, leading to poor cruise efficiency and high takeoff and landing speeds.

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the RAF showed little interest the prospective variable geometry trainer.

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Belgium, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands and West Germany were approached.

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Unique wing that could be pivoted obliquely from 0° to 60° during flight

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is most efficient for low-speed flight, but for an aircraft designed for

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Eden, Paul, ed. (2004), "General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark/EF-111 Raven",

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Sweep could be varied between positions at 28°, 45°, or 62° in flight.

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Sweep could be varied between positions at 16°, 45°, or 72° in flight.

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Abzug and Larrabee, Airplane Stability and Control: Second Edition.

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roles. However, as early as 1966, the French aircraft manufacturer

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Airplane wings capable of changing position to alter their geometry

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During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Britain was developing the

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A variable-sweep wing was selected as the winning design used by

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on both leading and trailing edges that increase or decrease the

2433:"Russia to reestablish Tu-160 supersonic bomber production line" 606: 417: 409: 82: 37:"Variable fighter" redirects here. For the fictional mecha, see 2926: 2568:, Aircraft (Technical) Publications Ltd, 1943 or 1944. pp.68-9. 2044:"Anglo-French projects go ahead... The AFVG and its dual role." 1855:. (Pennsylvania). Associated Press. 13 January 1970. p. 8. 416:

was enthusiastic on the concept, as were numerous engineers at

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Aeronautical Research in Germany: From Lilienthal until Today.

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Tupolev – The Man and His Aircraft: The Man and His Aircraft

1987:, CC(65)21, CAB/128/39. London: Public Record Office, 2010. 1975:, CC(65)20, CAB/128/39. London: Public Record Office, 2010. 2000:, C(65)58, CAB/129/121. London: Public Record Office, 2010. 2797:. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History, 1998. 2717:

Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich., Horst Prem and Gero Madelung.

2392:"Largest military aircraft by weight, operational bomber" 2735:

B-1 Lancer: The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed

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Sweep could be varied between 16° and 72.5° in flight.

2280:"Our New B-1 Bomber – High, Low, Fast, and Slow." 1804:"Capital still buzzing whether TFX a colossal blunder" 1182:

Sweep could be varied between 15° and 67.5° in flight

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Sweep could be varied between 22° and 70° in flight.

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Sweep could be varied between 16° and 69° in flight

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Sweep could be varied between 25° and 67° in flight

309:, the sole prototype was only 80 per cent complete. 136:. The configuration was also used for a few fighter/ 3802: 3781: 3714: 3610: 3445: 3311: 3148: 2964: 2489:"Вновь изготовленный Ту-160М совершил первый полет" 1934:"Kings of the swingers: Top 13 swing-wing aircraft" 1581: 1579: 2768: 2706:London: Royal Air Force Historical Society, 2002. 2835:. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, 1982. 2667:. London. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., 1972. 2138: 2136: 2512:Roland de Narbonne; "Quand l'ingenier délire", 2177:British Secret Projects: Jet Bombers Since 1949 1700: 1698: 1696: 30:"Swing wing" redirects here. For the toy, see 2938: 2721:Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. 2555:Morpurgo, 1981. Date of first flight, p. 321. 1125:Development of the MiG-23, same sweep range. 737:layout and incorporated some elements of the 8: 2296:"Reagan approves B-1, alters basing for MX." 2285:, Volume 197, Issue 5, November 1970, p. 86. 702:A B-1B Lancer with wings swept full forward 496:, were innovative technologies for the era. 2619:DeMeis, Richard. "No Room to Swing a Cat." 2256: 2254: 2252: 2126: 2124: 2061: 2059: 1849:"F-111 problems return to plague President" 1779: 1777: 2945: 2931: 2923: 2585:Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia 2301:, 3 October 1981. Retrieved: 28 July 2010. 2016:, April 1966. Retrieved: 13 December 2010. 1602: 1600: 820: 54:prototypes, the upper one with wings swept 2910:. Macdonald and Jane's Publishers, 1975. 2850:2nd Edn, 1981. (1st Edn, Longmans, 1972). 2208:"F-14D Tomcat vs. F/18 E/F Super Hornet." 1810:. (Oregon). 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"Tupolev Tu-22/22M". 1041:VTOL capable strike fighter concept. 7: 1998:The Need for an Option on the F-111A 1564:from the original on 10 October 2018 1548: 1546: 1544: 691:, which was submitted for US Navy's 523:, would also be similarly equipped. 406:Mutual Weapons Development Programme 2809:Meekcoms, K J; Morgan, E B (1994). 2755:. Society of Automotive Engineers. 2398:from the original on 6 October 2018 634:ostensibly on the grounds of cost. 458:was maintained by wing tip-mounted 422:United States Department of Defense 344:, where it was studied in depth by 2895:. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005. 2771:Military Technologies of the World 2685:. Texas A&M University Press. 2237:from the original on 30 March 2009 2011:"P-3347: The 1966 Defense Review." 1932:Hoyle, Craig (26 September 2014), 1901:Kandalov & Duffy 1996, p. 124. 1469:According to aviation publication 25: 2833:General Dynamics F-111 "Aardvark" 2601:Christopher, John (1 June 2013). 2469:from the original on 23 June 2015 2431:Stevenson, Beth (30 April 2015). 2345:from the original on 17 July 2011 2329:Sergeyev, Pavel (30 April 2008). 1724:The Barnes Wallis Memorial Trust. 1620:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. Ltd. 1525:Meekcoms and Morgan 1994, p. 143. 2856:Boeing North American B-1 Lancer 2516:, No. 461, April 2008. pp.66-69. 2367:The Cold War: A Military History 1802:Price, Bem (18 September 1966). 2795:General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark 2665:The Observer's Book of Aircraft 2623:, Volume 6, No. 4, August 1976. 817:List of variable-sweep aircraft 3855:In-flight entertainment system 3552:Horizontal situation indicator 2878:Grumman Navy F-111B Swing Wing 2775:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, 1585:Christopher 2013, pp. 157–160. 1356:. Small-scale test UAV flown. 586:strategic bombers are in use. 371:budget constraints at the time 1: 2566:The Book of Westland Aircraft 1942:, Reed Business Information, 1914:. London: Amber Books, 2004. 1536:The Book of Westland aircraft 3906:Variable-sweep-wing aircraft 3835:Environmental control system 1554:"Barnes Wallis Supersonics, 659:was signed between Britain, 275:Westland-Hill Pterodactyl IV 2848:Barnes Wallis: A Biography. 2701:"Eroding the Requirement." 2699:Heron, Group Captain Jock. 2081:Retrieved: 2 February 2011. 1618:The Messerschmitt Me P.1101 749:designs. Designated as the 657:memorandum of understanding 652:Rolls-Royce/MAN Turbo RB153 74:, colloquially known as a " 3932: 3512:Course deviation indicator 3203:Electro-hydraulic actuator 2733:Jenkins, Dennis R (1999). 2394:. Guinness World Records. 2143:"Obituary: Handel Davies." 1426:Index of aviation articles 724:Advanced Technology Bomber 321:Wing pivot mechanism of a 36: 29: 3743:Conventional landing gear 2737:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2695:– via Google Books. 2679:Hansen, James R. (2004). 1883:Thomason 1998, pp. 52–53. 1744:Hansen 2004, pp. 130-132. 1735:Hansen 2004, pp. 129-130. 1385:Variable 4.75° for trim. 1362:Westland-Hill Pterodactyl 1188:Sukhoi Su-17, 20 & 22 3901:Aircraft wing components 3527:Flight management system 2583:Boyne, Walter J (2002), 2331: 2231:"Fact file: F-14 Tomcat" 2157:Wood 1975, pp. 204, 206. 2091:"Military and Research." 1865:Miller 1982, pp. 31, 47. 1829:Miller 1982, pp. 17, 19. 1657:Winchester 2005, p. 295. 733:, featured a lengthened 197:Wing controlled aerodyne 3830:Emergency oxygen system 3592:Turn and slip indicator 3387:Leading-edge droop flap 3357:Drag-reducing aerospike 3332:Adaptive compliant wing 3327:Active Aeroelastic Wing 2813:. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: 2631:, London: Amber Books, 2218:Flight Journal Magazine 2109:Wood 1975, pp. 203–204. 2034:Logan 1998, pp. 278–80. 1892:Miller 1982, pp. 38–43. 1771:Wood 1975, pp. 198–199. 1726:Retrieved: 14 May 2013. 1704:Wood 1975, pp. 189-191. 1436:Variable-incidence wing 1431:Adaptive compliant wing 1075:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 741:, competed against the 595:General Dynamics F-111K 574:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 492:engines outfitted with 486:terrain following radar 295:Messerschmitt Me P.1101 142:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 126:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-27 3870:Passenger service unit 3671:Self-sealing fuel tank 3567:Multi-function display 2364:Miller, David (1998). 2335:[White Swan]. 2310:Pace 1998, pp. 62, 69. 1792:Eden 2004 pp. 196–197. 1019:Hawker Siddeley P.1017 935:General Dynamics F-111 776: 703: 646: 613:, reconnaissance, and 605:strike aircraft – the 561:(based on the earlier 534: 482:General Dynamics F-111 337: 326: 270: 251: 114:carrier-based aircraft 67: 55: 3896:Aircraft aerodynamics 3850:Ice protection system 3768:Tricycle landing gear 3758:Landing gear extender 2975:Aft pressure bulkhead 2767:Lee, Tae-Woo (2008). 2703:The Birth of Tornado. 2514:Le Fana de l'Aviation 2465:. TASS. 28 May 2015. 2269:Pace 1998, pp. 22-23. 1808:Eugene Register-Guard 1616:Myrha, David (1999). 772: 701: 640: 529: 332: 320: 307:Victory in Europe Day 257: 241: 61: 49: 3916:Aircraft performance 3815:Auxiliary power unit 3223:Flight control modes 2854:Pace, Steve (1998). 2645:Ford, Roger (2013). 2319:Jenkins 1999, p. 83. 2233:. 11 December 2002. 2213:4 April 2009 at the 2014:The Rand Corporation 1719:6 April 2007 at the 1471:Flight International 1441:Variable camber wing 1047:Messerschmitt P.1101 963:Grumman XF10F Jaguar 789:supersonic transport 456:longitudinal control 354:Grumman XF10F Jaguar 336:sweep wing mechanism 297:was an experimental 138:interceptor aircraft 3911:Wing configurations 3794:Escape crew capsule 3701:War emergency power 3572:Pitot–static system 3417:Variable-sweep wing 3125:Vertical stabilizer 2862:: Specialty Press. 1874:Boyne 2002, p. 252. 1762:Wood 1975, pp. 198. 1688:UK Patent GB713525A 1676:UK Patent GB664058A 1666:DeMeis 1976, p. 32. 1160:Rockwell B-1 Lancer 991:Grumman F-14 Tomcat 393:, one of the RAF's 150:Panavia Tornado ADV 146:Grumman F-14 Tomcat 72:variable-sweep wing 64:Grumman F-14 Tomcat 3502:Attitude indicator 3482:Airspeed indicator 3477:Aircraft periscope 2188:Green 1972, p. 84. 2166:Wood 1975, p. 206. 2130:Wood 1975, p. 204. 2118:Heron 2002, p. 11. 2065:Wood 1975, p. 202. 2025:Wood 1986, p. 181. 1838:Logan 1998, p. 32. 1820:Logan 1998, p. 14. 1783:Wood 1975, p. 199. 1753:Wood 1975, p. 197. 1606:Ford 2013, p. 224. 1298:Vickers Wild Goose 777: 704: 647: 535: 501:wing attach points 338: 327: 271: 263:Museum of Aviation 261:on display at the 252: 68: 56: 3883: 3882: 3810:Aircraft lavatory 3547:Heading indicator 3492:Annunciator panel 3472:Air data computer 3382:Leading-edge cuff 2908:Project Cancelled 2891:Winchester, Jim. 2876:Thomason, Tommy. 2786:978-0-275-99535-5 2605:. History Press. 2418:"Boeing 2707 SST" 2098:flightglobal.com, 2051:flightglobal.com, 1646:978-0-521-02128-9 1417: 1416: 907:Dassault Mirage G 804:relaxed stability 685:Ling-Temco-Vought 603:variable geometry 289:, researchers in 248:Australian F-111s 201:British engineer 170:variable geometry 118:military aircraft 87:variable-geometry 52:Dassault Mirage G 16:(Redirected from 3923: 3865:Navigation light 3845:Hydraulic system 3820:Bleed air system 3748:Drogue parachute 3422:Vortex generator 3040:Interplane strut 2947: 2940: 2933: 2924: 2873: 2858:. North Branch, 2828: 2790: 2774: 2748: 2696: 2663:Green, William. 2660: 2641: 2616: 2597: 2569: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2523: 2517: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2292: 2286: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2261: 2260:Lee 2008, p. 13. 2258: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2227: 2221: 2204: 2198: 2195: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2149: 2140: 2131: 2128: 2119: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2088: 2082: 2079:allacademic.com. 2072: 2066: 2063: 2054: 2053:26 January 1967. 2041: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2007: 2001: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1929: 1923: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1727: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1691: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1667: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1649: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1550: 1539: 1532: 1526: 1523: 1517: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1467: 821: 783:'s entry in the 755:Pryluky Air Base 743:Myasishchev M-18 645:with wings swept 631:French Air Force 509:strategic bomber 439:Folland Aircraft 287:Second World War 214:Asymmetric sweep 140:, including the 32:Swing Wing (toy) 21: 18:Variable fighter 3931: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3875:Ram air turbine 3840:Flight recorder 3798: 3777: 3710: 3691:Thrust reversal 3615: 3606: 3577:Radar altimeter 3542:Head-up display 3452: 3441: 3337:Anti-shock body 3319: 3307: 3168:Artificial feel 3150:Flight controls 3144: 3010:Fabric covering 2960: 2956:components and 2951: 2921: 2870: 2853: 2846:Morpurgo, J.E. 2825: 2808: 2787: 2766: 2745: 2732: 2693: 2678: 2657: 2644: 2639: 2626: 2613: 2600: 2595: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2572: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2524: 2520: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2378: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2333: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2299:Chicago Tribune 2294:Coates, James. 2293: 2289: 2283:Popular Science 2277: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2215:Wayback Machine 2205: 2201: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2175:Buttler, Tony. 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2141: 2134: 2129: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2089: 2085: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2057: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2008: 2004: 1995: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1949: 1947: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1860: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1721:Wayback Machine 1712: 1708: 1703: 1694: 1686: 1682: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1639: 1635: 1628: 1615: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1552: 1551: 1542: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516:Morpurgo, 1981. 1515: 1511: 1506: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1422: 1330:Vickers Swallow 1131:Panavia Tornado 879:Dassault Falcon 819: 787:'s study for a 767: 687:to develop the 517:Panavia Tornado 477: 466:. By providing 435:Maurice Brennan 420:; however, the 391:Vickers Valiant 325:during overhaul 323:Panavia Tornado 315: 269:, United States 236: 231: 216: 199: 183: 178: 176:Characteristics 134:Panavia Tornado 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3929: 3927: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3888: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3860:Landing lights 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3782:Escape systems 3779: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3720:arresting gear 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3676:Splitter plate 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3458: 3456: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3154: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2995:Cruciform tail 2992: 2990:Crack arrestor 2987: 2982: 2977: 2971: 2969: 2962: 2961: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2942: 2935: 2927: 2920: 2919: 2904: 2889: 2874: 2868: 2851: 2844: 2829: 2823: 2806: 2791: 2785: 2764: 2749: 2743: 2730: 2715: 2697: 2691: 2676: 2661: 2655: 2642: 2637: 2624: 2617: 2612:978-0752464572 2611: 2598: 2593: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2564:Lukins, A.H.; 2557: 2548: 2545:. 22 May 2022. 2534: 2518: 2505: 2480: 2454: 2423: 2409: 2383: 2376: 2356: 2341:(in Russian). 2321: 2312: 2303: 2287: 2278:Kocivar, Ben. 2271: 2262: 2248: 2222: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2132: 2120: 2111: 2102: 2083: 2074:DeVore, Marc. 2067: 2055: 2036: 2027: 2018: 2009:DeWeerd, H.A. 2002: 1996:Healey, D. W. 1989: 1977: 1965: 1956: 1924: 1903: 1894: 1885: 1876: 1867: 1858: 1840: 1831: 1822: 1813: 1794: 1785: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1737: 1728: 1706: 1692: 1680: 1668: 1659: 1650: 1633: 1626: 1608: 1596: 1587: 1575: 1540: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1494: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1475: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1358: 1357: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1326: 1325: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1271:Tupolev Tu-160 1267: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1244:Tupolev Tu-22M 1240: 1239: 1236: 1235:1,400 (approx) 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198:Fighter-Bomber 1196: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1156: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1103:Mikoyan MiG-27 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 987: 986: 983: 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 959: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 945:Fighter-bomber 943: 940: 937: 931: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 903: 902: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 882: 875: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 847: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 818: 815: 802:The advent of 774:Tupolev Tu-160 766: 763: 751:Tupolev Tu-160 584:Tupolev Tu-22M 476: 473: 314: 311: 277:of 1931 was a 235: 232: 230: 227: 215: 212: 198: 195: 182: 181:Variable sweep 179: 177: 174: 130:Tupolev Tu-22M 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3928: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3803:Other systems 3801: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3789:Ejection seat 3787: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3733:Arrestor hook 3731: 3729: 3728:Aircraft tire 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3532:Glass cockpit 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3467:Air data boom 3465: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3248:Rudder pedals 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3105:Trailing edge 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3085:Stressed skin 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 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2614: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2596: 2594:1-57607-345-9 2590: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2567: 2561: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2531:9781399047906 2528: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2506: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2481: 2468: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2424: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2379: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2360: 2357: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2146:The Guardian, 2144: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1920:1-904687-84-9 1917: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1854: 1853:Reading Eagle 1850: 1844: 1841: 1835: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1798: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1759: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1714:"Swing Wing." 1710: 1707: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1629: 1627:0-7643-0908-0 1623: 1619: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1588: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1563: 1559: 1557: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1489: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1355: 1354:Barnes Wallis 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1322:Barnes Wallis 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 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822: 816: 814: 812: 807: 805: 800: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 775: 771: 764: 762: 760: 759:Ukrainian SSR 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 731:Aircraft 160M 727: 725: 720: 716: 712: 708: 700: 696: 694: 690: 686: 680: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 653: 644: 639: 635: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 598: 596: 592: 587: 585: 580: 579:Tupolev Tu-22 575: 569: 567: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 533: 528: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 474: 472: 469: 465: 464:stabilisation 461: 457: 453: 449: 448:hydraulically 444: 440: 436: 430: 428: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 374: 372: 367: 362: 357: 355: 351: 347: 346:Bell Aircraft 343: 342:United States 335: 331: 324: 319: 312: 310: 308: 303: 300: 296: 292: 288: 283: 280: 276: 268: 264: 260: 256: 249: 245: 240: 233: 228: 226: 223: 221: 213: 211: 207: 204: 203:Barnes Wallis 196: 194: 191: 187: 180: 175: 173: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 121: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 94:straight wing 90: 88: 84: 81: 77: 73: 65: 60: 53: 48: 44: 40: 39:VF-1 Valkyrie 33: 19: 3825:Deicing boot 3753:Landing gear 3696:Townend ring 3686:Thrust lever 3661:NACA cowling 3626:Autothrottle 3618:fuel systems 3616:devices and 3416: 3407:Stall strips 3377:Krueger flap 3347:Channel wing 3293:Wing warping 3283:Stick shaker 3278:Stick pusher 3198:Dual control 3183:Centre stick 3050:Leading edge 3020:Flying wires 2980:Cabane strut 2907: 2892: 2877: 2855: 2847: 2832: 2810: 2794: 2793:Logan, Don. 2779:: ABC-CLIO. 2770: 2752: 2734: 2718: 2702: 2681: 2664: 2646: 2628: 2620: 2602: 2584: 2576:Bibliography 2565: 2560: 2551: 2537: 2521: 2513: 2508: 2496:. Retrieved 2492: 2483: 2471:. Retrieved 2457: 2445:. Retrieved 2437:Flightglobal 2436: 2426: 2412: 2400:. Retrieved 2386: 2377:1-44813793-4 2366: 2359: 2347:. Retrieved 2336: 2332:Белый лебедь 2324: 2315: 2306: 2298: 2290: 2282: 2274: 2265: 2239:. Retrieved 2225: 2217: 2202: 2193: 2184: 2176: 2171: 2162: 2153: 2145: 2114: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2086: 2078: 2070: 2050: 2046: 2039: 2030: 2021: 2013: 2005: 1997: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1959: 1950:27 September 1948:, retrieved 1939:Flightglobal 1937: 1927: 1911: 1906: 1897: 1888: 1879: 1870: 1861: 1852: 1843: 1834: 1825: 1816: 1807: 1797: 1788: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1740: 1731: 1723: 1709: 1683: 1671: 1662: 1653: 1636: 1617: 1611: 1590: 1568:23 September 1566:. Retrieved 1555: 1535: 1534:Lukins A H, 1530: 1521: 1512: 1478: 1465: 1446:Folding wing 1352:Designed by 1320:Designed by 1216:Sukhoi Su-24 808: 801: 778: 765:Obsolescence 735:blended wing 730: 728: 705: 688: 681: 661:West Germany 648: 599: 588: 570: 559:Sukhoi Su-17 551:landing gear 539:Soviet Union 536: 532:Sukhoi Su-24 521:Sukhoi Su-24 498: 494:afterburners 478: 443:Folland Gnat 431: 403: 383:blended wing 375: 361:L. E. Baynes 358: 339: 291:Nazi Germany 284: 272: 224: 220:oblique wing 217: 208: 200: 192: 188: 184: 169: 154:aerodynamics 122: 91: 75: 71: 69: 43: 3773:Tundra tire 3656:Intake ramp 3587:Transponder 3372:Gurney flap 3313:Aerodynamic 3228:Fly-by-wire 3110:Triple tail 2815:Air-Britain 2473:20 November 2447:20 November 2402:29 December 1690:, Espacenet 1678:, Espacenet 1507:Wood, 1975. 693:VFX project 669:Netherlands 615:interceptor 566:Sukhoi Su-7 452:ball screws 399:scale model 313:Development 285:During the 3890:Categories 3763:Oleo strut 3651:Inlet cone 3646:Gascolator 3612:Propulsion 3602:Yaw string 3597:Variometer 3453:instrument 3432:Wing fence 3367:Gouge flap 3342:Blown flap 3298:Yaw damper 3273:Stabilator 3258:Side-stick 3193:Dive brake 3080:Stabilizer 3055:Lift strut 3045:Jury strut 2761:1560918993 2241:22 January 1556:Wild Goose 1452:References 1287:Production 1260:Production 1232:Production 1204:Production 1176:Production 1148:Production 1119:Production 1091:Production 1007:Production 951:Production 797:delta wing 747:Sukhoi T-4 715:supersonic 711:B-1 Lancer 643:Tornado F3 563:swept wing 553:or stores 475:Production 414:John Stack 267:Robins AFB 148:, and the 110:delta wing 106:swept wing 102:supersonic 89:aircraft. 76:swing wing 3738:Autobrake 3666:NACA duct 3641:Fuel tank 3631:Drop tank 3614:controls, 3497:Astrodome 3487:Altimeter 3352:Dog-tooth 3317:high-lift 3268:Spoileron 3253:Servo tab 3233:Gust lock 3188:Deceleron 3173:Autopilot 3130:Wing root 3115:Twin tail 3100:Tailplane 3035:Hardpoint 3005:Empennage 2968:structure 2493:rostec.ru 1648:. p. 244. 1490:Citations 1407:Prototype 1391:NASA AD-1 1379:Prototype 1370:Propeller 1314:Prototype 1142:Multirole 979:Prototype 923:Prototype 890:Transport 867:Prototype 689:LTV V-507 627:Mirage F1 591:BAC TSR-2 395:V bombers 387:Australia 98:transonic 78:", is an 3706:Wet wing 3681:Throttle 3427:Vortilon 3288:Trim tab 3218:Flaperon 3208:Elevator 3163:Airbrake 3135:Wing tip 3060:Longeron 3030:Fuselage 2966:Airframe 2954:Aircraft 2467:Archived 2441:Archived 2396:Archived 2349:5 August 2343:Archived 2338:Lenta.ru 2235:Archived 2211:Archived 1944:archived 1717:Archived 1562:Archived 1420:See also 1401:Research 1340:Airliner 1308:Research 1057:Research 861:Research 851:Bell X-5 745:and the 707:Rockwell 625:and the 623:Mirage G 619:Dassault 547:wingspan 490:turbofan 468:trimming 450:-driven 350:Bell X-5 279:tailless 80:airplane 3716:Landing 3507:Compass 3455:systems 3447:Avionic 3437:Winglet 3320:devices 3263:Spoiler 3158:Aileron 3140:Wingbox 3065:Nacelle 3015:Fairing 2958:systems 1373:Private 1346:Project 1085:Fighter 1063:Project 1051:Germany 1035:Project 1029:Fighter 1001:Fighter 973:Fighter 917:Fighter 896:Project 845:Notes 827:Country 673:Belgium 537:In the 505:US Navy 460:elevons 437:joined 427:canards 379:Swallow 302:fighter 234:Origins 229:History 3451:flight 3412:Strake 3243:Rudder 3213:Elevon 3178:Canard 3120:V-tail 3095:T-tail 3025:Former 2985:Canopy 2914: 2899: 2884: 2866: 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