Knowledge (XXG)

Vehicular harbour crossings in Hong Kong

Source šŸ“

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Tunnel (44 million trips), 28.1% through the Eastern Harbour Crossing (25.4 million trips) and 23.0% through the Western Harbour Crossing (20.8 million trips). 40,000 vehicular trips across the harbour were by ferry. Because of its convenient location and its low tolls, the Cross-Harbour Tunnel (CHT) is the most heavily used among all three vehicular tunnels. According to the consultancy report in 2010, the CHT enjoys a daily traffic of approximately 120,000 vehicle-trips, far exceeding the tunnel's design capacity of 78,000 trips per day. At the EHC, also designed to carry 78 000 vehicle trips, the actual daily average number of trips is about 70,000. The WHC and the connecting roads have capacity of 55,000 trips, yet experiences 60,000 vehicle-trips each day (109% of capacity).
67: 139: 103: 287:(also operated by CITITC Pacific Limited) announced it would increase its toll prices. It was predicted that 1/3 of traffic from the eastern crossing would use the Cross-Harbour Tunnel instead as a result of the price hike, and the influx would certainly be disastrous for the already overloaded tunnel. The call for a fourth tunnel was revived to counter the problem. 179: 435:
In late October 2010, a consultant hired by the Government finished a study to find out possible ways to ease the congestion on the Tunnel. In the study, they suggested that the Cross Harbour tunnel toll be raised by HK$ 5 and the EHC toll be reduced by HK$ 5. This could halve the amount of traffic
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According to the annual traffic census published by the Transport Department, In 2011, the average daily vehicular traffic crossing the harbour amounted to 247,113 trips, a year-on-year increase of 2.1%. Total trips made amounted to 90.2 million, of which 48.8% was through the Cross Harbour
236:, a theory in transportation planning which posits that the more roads that are created, the more people will choose to commute by car. In this case, by adding additional tunnels, it may have encouraged more people to drive overall, because of a perception that there is increased road capacity. 436:
on the Cross Harbour tunnel. There have been suggestions that the traffic be diverted equally among the three tunnels by equalising the tolls. However, the consultants ruled out equalisation as they project massive traffic jams at the feeder roads of WHC ā€“ the exit on the
268:, was built for this purpose, the tolls for crossing is triple the rates of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel, proving the Western Harbour Crossing ineffective in diverting traffic from the Cross-Harbour Tunnel. Around this time, a new tunnel between 243:
granted the franchises by enacting legislation that also fixed the revenue and fare model of the tunnel and is thus powerless to prevent the sharp increase in tolls despite public uproar when toll increases were applied for.
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opened in 1972. due to the ever increasing population in Hong Kong and improving prosperity made the construction of further tunnels a necessity. The harbour crossing ferry services continued on until 1998 when
525: 218:(opened 1997) were subsequently built across Victoria Harbour to ease the burden on the Cross-Harbour Tunnel. For all three tunnels, the government opted for a 30-year private-sector franchise based on a 232:. The tolls for crossing each of the other two tunnels are significantly higher, and were further increased in 2005 by up to 67% to boost investment returns. Another possible reason for added traffic is 456:
HYF, the original car ferry operator continues to use the ferries to transport commercial vehicles on their Dangerous Goods Vehicular Ferry Service routes between North Point, Kwun Tong, and Mui Wo.
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Two reasons include the less convenient locations of the other two tunnels compared with the Cross-Harbour Tunnel, and more importantly the control of new tunnels by the powerful
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from the North Point Ferry Pier to Kwun Tong Public Pier in early 2016 to mark the 83rd anniversary of the first car ferry service in Hong Kong.
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in 1997, and all major projects were put on hold. It was not until 2005 that the topic was brought up again, as the
1341: 1241: 1190: 1038: 1033: 830: 720: 204: 1687: 1576: 1301: 1105: 1018: 683: 581: 503:"Cross-harbour car ferry to return for limited rides in May to mark 83rd anniversary | Hong Kong Free Press" 299: 1468: 1463: 1296: 1251: 1195: 1133: 900: 859: 754: 744: 284: 261: 215: 211: 132: 96: 1351: 1291: 1286: 1276: 1170: 1150: 1095: 915: 733: 465: 319: 240: 1165: 1596: 1581: 1547: 1261: 1256: 1175: 759: 1499: 1492: 1180: 990: 910: 800: 795: 252:
The fourth harbour crossing is being proposed in Hong Kong as the fourth underwater tunnel to cross the
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The fare for the three tunnels have been centralised in 17 December 2023 by the government, with a
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end there would be a major interchange located under the Victoria Park, connecting with the
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Entirely in the New Territories, but all access roads on one side pass through New Kowloon.
1568: 1529: 1430: 1356: 970: 920: 820: 785: 582:"Proposed Measures to Improve the Traffic Distribution among the Road Harbour Crossings" 444:
towards Central is heavily congested during rush hour. This problem persisted until the
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entrance of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel in the 1970s; the tunnel was under construction.
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was suggested to relieve the stress on the Cross-Harbour Tunnel.
1386: 679: 551:"The Annual Traffic Census āˆ’2011 (TTSD Publication No. 12CAB1)" 290:
A new proposal stated that the new crossing would be an
526:"Toll hike ignites call for government to take control" 428:*Franchised buses are exempted from paying tunnel fees 383: 322:. This proposal was deemed the most likely to happen. 279:
However, the Hong Kong government suffered from the
1566: 1521: 1477: 1444: 1420: 1329: 1219: 1121: 1114: 1078: 1047: 999: 878: 850: 813: 768: 713: 596:. Transport Department, Hong Kong. Archived from 1627:Tuen Munā€“Chek Lap Kok Link (Northern Connection) 572:. Wilbur Smith Associates Limited, November 2010 497: 495: 493: 198:relied on ferry services as early as 1933. The 1683:Proposed transport infrastructure in Hong Kong 1538:Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel 1655:indicate that a tunnel is under construction. 1398: 691: 8: 781:Rambler Channel Bridge (Cheung Tsing Bridge) 594:"Toll Rates of Road Tunnels and Lantau Link" 416: 375: 367: 359: 1405: 1391: 1383: 1211:Western District Public Cargo Working Area 1118: 765: 698: 684: 676: 464:A brief car ferry service was operated by 194:, vehicular traffic travelling across the 30: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 380: 372: 364: 356: 306:. The toll booths would be placed at the 726:Vehicular harbour crossings in Hong Kong 565: 563: 561: 559: 478:List of tunnels and bridges in Hong Kong 345: 207:ceased to operate these ferry services. 18:vehicular harbour crossings in Hong Kong 791:Rambler Channel Bridge (railway bridge) 489: 414:Each additional axle in excess of two 1070:Society for Protection of the Harbour 421: 7: 1065:Protection of the Harbour Ordinance 653:HKF Dangerous Goods Ferry Timetable 14: 870:Central and Wan Chai Reclamations 553:. Transport Department, Hong Kong 248:Mooting a fourth harbour crossing 838:(formerly New World First Ferry) 256:to ease the traffic through the 214:(opened September 1989) and the 137: 101: 65: 1414:Major road tunnels in Hong Kong 505:. hongkongfp.com. 15 April 2016 452:Dangerous Goods Vehicular Ferry 381:Public and Private Light Buses 335:Fare comparison between tunnels 294:joining a reclamation site off 55:Private Consortium Expiry Date 40:Hong Kong Island Side Entrance 1436:Centralā€“Wan Chai Bypass Tunnel 1186:Stonecutters Island Naval Base 1101:Kwai Tsing Container Terminals 1091:Hong Kongā€“Macau Ferry Terminal 1086:Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal 528:. The Standard. Archived from 1: 1347:Harbour Area Treatment Scheme 1307:Tsim Sha Tsui East Ferry Pier 865:Praya East Reclamation Scheme 760:Airport Railway immersed tube 460:Temporary return of car ferry 426:Source: Transport Department 420: 1558:Tseung Kwan Oā€“Lam Tin Tunnel 750:Tsuen Wan line immersed tube 394:MGV (>5.5 <24 Tonnes) 357:Motorcycles, motortricycles 227:state-owned investment group 190:Prior to the opening of the 154:1.98 km (1.23 mi) 118:2.22 km (1.38 mi) 82:1.86 km (1.16 mi) 1645: 1639: 1282:Outlying Islands Ferry Pier 281:East Asian financial crisis 1704: 1242:Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier 1191:Tong Shui Road Public Pier 831:Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry 721:Victoria Harbour crossings 205:Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry 1678:Toll tunnels in Hong Kong 1635: 776:Duplicate Tsing Yi Bridge 524:Ng, Dennis (4 May 2005). 1469:Western Harbour Crossing 1464:Eastern Harbour Crossing 1297:Tai Koo Shing Ferry Pier 1196:Tsim Sha Tsui Ferry Pier 860:Praya Reclamation Scheme 755:Western Harbour Crossing 745:Eastern Harbour Crossing 633:"Time-varying Toll Plan" 351: 285:Eastern Harbour Crossing 262:Western Harbour Crossing 133:Western Harbour Crossing 97:Eastern Harbour Crossing 1352:Island Eastern Corridor 1292:Tai Kok Tsui Ferry Pier 1287:Sham Shui Po Ferry Pier 1277:Ngau Tau Kok Ferry Pier 1151:Kowloon City Ferry Pier 1096:Kai Tak Cruise Terminal 734:Sha Tin to Central Link 466:Harbour Cruise Bauhinia 446:Centralā€“Wan Chai Bypass 389:LGV (Under 5.5 Tonnes) 320:Island Eastern Corridor 241:Government of Hong Kong 216:Western Harbor Crossing 212:Eastern Harbor Crossing 1262:Lung Tsun Stone Bridge 1257:Jordan Road Ferry Pier 1176:North Point Ferry Pier 1171:Ma Tau Kok Public Pier 341:Time-varying Toll Plan 220:buildā€“operateā€“transfer 187: 49:Total Number of lanes 43:Kowloon Side Entrance 28:. They are as follow: 1493:Central Kowloon Route 1252:Ice House Street Pier 1181:Sai Wan Ho Ferry Pier 1166:Kwun Tong Public Pier 409:Double-decker buses* 404:Single-decker buses* 399:HGV (Over 24 Tonnes) 266:CITIC Pacific Limited 181: 1673:Tunnels in Hong Kong 1592:Discovery Bay Tunnel 1553:Tseung Kwan O Tunnel 1459:Cross-Harbour Tunnel 1337:A Symphony of Lights 1237:City Hall Ferry Pier 1161:Kwun Tong Ferry Pier 740:Cross-Harbour Tunnel 640:Transport Department 310:end, and would join 258:Cross-Harbour Tunnel 200:Cross-Harbour Tunnel 192:Cross-Harbour Tunnel 182:The area around the 61:Cross-Harbour Tunnel 1587:Cheung Tsing Tunnel 1548:Tate's Cairn Tunnel 1500:Cha Kwo Ling Tunnel 1317:Yaumatei Ferry Pier 1272:Mong Kok Ferry Pier 1232:Chai Wan Ferry Pier 1156:Kowloon Public Pier 1146:Hung Hom Ferry Pier 1141:Government Dockyard 981:Stonecutters Island 668:香ęøÆåœ°ę–¹; 道č·Æ及鐵č·Æ; ęœŖ來道č·Æå»ŗčØ­ 1607:Scenic Hill Tunnel 1582:Cheung Shan Tunnel 1362:Lai Chi Kok Bridge 1267:Mei Foo Ferry Pier 796:Tsing Tsuen Bridge 532:on 16 October 2007 260:. Even though the 188: 124:21 September 1989 1660: 1659: 1612:Shing Mun Tunnels 1380: 1379: 1372:Port of Hong Kong 1367:Marine Department 1325: 1324: 809: 808: 433: 432: 365:Private vehicles 349:Vehicle Category 167: 166: 91:1 September 1999 22:Kowloon peninsula 1695: 1688:Victoria Harbour 1649: 1643: 1597:Lung Shan Tunnel 1543:Lion Rock Tunnel 1451:Victoria Harbour 1423:Hong Kong Island 1407: 1400: 1393: 1384: 1119: 1014:Gin Drinkers Bay 1001:Typhoon shelters 906:Gin Drinkers Bay 766: 707:Victoria Harbour 700: 693: 686: 677: 672: 655: 650: 644: 643: 637: 629: 623: 622: 620: 618: 607: 601: 591: 585: 579: 573: 567: 554: 548: 542: 541: 539: 537: 521: 515: 514: 512: 510: 499: 438:Hong Kong Island 346: 316:Hong Kong Island 254:Victoria Harbour 196:Victoria Harbour 184:Hong Kong Island 141: 105: 69: 46:Tunnel Distance 31: 26:Hong Kong Island 16:There are three 1703: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1644: 1638: 1631: 1569:New Territories 1562: 1530:New Territories 1527: 1517: 1473: 1449: 1440: 1431:Aberdeen Tunnel 1416: 1411: 1381: 1376: 1357:Kai Tak Airport 1342:Avenue of Stars 1321: 1215: 1134:Star Ferry Pier 1110: 1074: 1055:Lyemun Barracks 1043: 995: 971:Rambler Channel 921:Hoi Sham Island 874: 846: 821:Coral Sea Ferry 814:Ferry operators 805: 801:Tsing Yi Bridge 786:Ting Kau Bridge 769:Rambler Channel 764: 714:Fixed crossings 709: 704: 670: 664: 659: 658: 651: 647: 635: 631: 630: 626: 616: 614: 609: 608: 604: 592: 588: 580: 576: 568: 557: 549: 545: 535: 533: 523: 522: 518: 508: 506: 501: 500: 491: 486: 474: 462: 454: 448:was completed. 425: 337: 328: 250: 176: 12: 11: 5: 1701: 1699: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1665: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1622:Tai Wai Tunnel 1619: 1617:Tai Lam Tunnel 1614: 1609: 1604: 1602:Nam Wan Tunnel 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1577:Airport Tunnel 1573: 1571: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1534: 1532: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1508: 1506:Kai Tak Tunnel 1503: 1496: 1488: 1486: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1455: 1453: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1427: 1425: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1387: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1201:Tsuen Wan Pier 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1125: 1123: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1106:Ocean Terminal 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1005: 1003: 997: 996: 994: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 931:Kellett Island 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 882: 880: 876: 875: 873: 872: 867: 862: 856: 854: 848: 847: 845: 844: 839: 833: 828: 823: 817: 815: 811: 810: 807: 806: 804: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 772: 770: 763: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 730: 729: 728: 717: 715: 711: 710: 705: 703: 702: 695: 688: 680: 674: 673: 663: 662:External links 660: 657: 656: 645: 624: 602: 600:on 9 May 2013. 586: 574: 555: 543: 516: 488: 487: 485: 482: 481: 480: 473: 470: 461: 458: 453: 450: 431: 430: 423:as of Aug 2024 419: 418: 415: 411: 410: 406: 405: 401: 400: 396: 395: 391: 390: 386: 385: 382: 378: 377: 374: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 350: 336: 333: 327: 324: 314:there. At the 264:, operated by 249: 246: 234:induced demand 175: 172: 171: 170: 165: 164: 163:3 August 2023 161: 160:30 April 1997 158: 155: 152: 147: 142: 135: 129: 128: 127:7 August 2016 125: 122: 119: 116: 111: 106: 99: 93: 92: 89: 88:2 August 1972 86: 83: 80: 75: 70: 63: 57: 56: 53: 50: 47: 44: 41: 38: 35: 20:, linking the 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1700: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1641: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1525: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1512:Trunk Road T2 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1206:Wan Chai Pier 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129:Central Piers 1127: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1079:Sea terminals 1077: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1004: 1002: 998: 992: 989: 987: 986:Tsing Yi Tong 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 941:Kowloon Point 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 883: 881: 877: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 857: 855: 853: 849: 843: 840: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 826:Fortune Ferry 824: 822: 819: 818: 816: 812: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 773: 771: 767: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 735: 731: 727: 724: 723: 722: 719: 718: 716: 712: 708: 701: 696: 694: 689: 687: 682: 681: 678: 669: 666: 665: 661: 654: 649: 646: 641: 634: 628: 625: 612: 606: 603: 599: 595: 590: 587: 583: 578: 575: 571: 566: 564: 562: 560: 556: 552: 547: 544: 531: 527: 520: 517: 504: 498: 496: 494: 490: 483: 479: 476: 475: 471: 469: 467: 459: 457: 451: 449: 447: 443: 439: 429: 424: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 379: 371: 363: 355: 348: 347: 344: 343:rolled out. 342: 334: 332: 325: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 300:Victoria Park 297: 293: 292:immersed tube 288: 286: 282: 277: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 247: 245: 242: 237: 235: 231: 230:CITIC Pacific 228: 223: 221: 217: 213: 208: 206: 201: 197: 193: 185: 180: 173: 169: 168: 162: 159: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 140: 136: 134: 131: 130: 126: 123: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 104: 100: 98: 95: 94: 90: 87: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 68: 64: 62: 59: 58: 54: 52:Opening Date 51: 48: 45: 42: 39: 36: 33: 32: 29: 27: 23: 19: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1510: 1498: 1491: 1445: 1330:Other topics 1247:Fenwick Pier 1048:Conservation 1029:Shau Kei Wan 1024:Sam Ka Tsuen 1009:Causeway Bay 966:Quarry Point 946:Kowloon Rock 926:Hung Hom Bay 916:Green Island 901:Channel Rock 896:Causeway Bay 852:Reclamations 732: 725: 671:(in Chinese) 648: 639: 627: 615:. Retrieved 605: 598:the original 589: 577: 546: 534:. Retrieved 530:the original 519: 507:. Retrieved 463: 455: 434: 427: 422: 338: 329: 304:Causeway Bay 289: 278: 251: 238: 224: 209: 189: 145:Sai Ying Pun 114:Cha Kwo Ling 73:Causeway Bay 17: 15: 1524:New Kowloon 1484:New Kowloon 1312:United Pier 1060:Lyemun Fort 976:Rumsey Rock 956:North Point 951:Lei Yue Mun 936:Kowloon Bay 891:Belcher Bay 886:A Kung Ngam 613:. td.gov.hk 274:Kowloon Bay 270:North Point 1667:Categories 1227:Blake Pier 1039:Yau Ma Tei 1034:To Kwa Wan 991:West Point 961:Quarry Bay 911:East Point 842:Star Ferry 617:20 October 536:27 October 509:20 October 484:References 368:HK$ 20-60 150:Yau Ma Tei 109:Quarry Bay 1446:Crossings 1302:HMS Tamar 1019:Kwun Tong 879:Geography 836:Sun Ferry 360:HK$ 8-24 1522:Between 472:See also 440:side to 296:Hung Hom 78:Hung Hom 37:Picture 1653:Italics 1567:In the 1480:Kowloon 1122:Current 442:Route 4 384:HK$ 50 376:HK$ 25 312:Route 5 308:Kowloon 222:model. 174:History 34:Tunnel 1220:Former 373:Taxis 326:Demand 1637:Ī±. ^ 1115:Piers 636:(PDF) 417:Free 352:Fees 298:with 24:with 1528:the 1482:and 619:2016 538:2006 511:2016 272:and 239:The 210:The 1526:and 1478:In 1421:On 302:in 1669:: 1448:of 638:. 558:^ 492:^ 157:6 121:4 85:4 1406:e 1399:t 1392:v 699:e 692:t 685:v 642:. 621:. 540:. 513:.

Index

Kowloon peninsula
Hong Kong Island
Cross-Harbour Tunnel

Causeway Bay
Hung Hom
Eastern Harbour Crossing

Quarry Bay
Cha Kwo Ling
Western Harbour Crossing

Sai Ying Pun
Yau Ma Tei

Hong Kong Island
Cross-Harbour Tunnel
Victoria Harbour
Cross-Harbour Tunnel
Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry
Eastern Harbor Crossing
Western Harbor Crossing
buildā€“operateā€“transfer
state-owned investment group
CITIC Pacific
induced demand
Government of Hong Kong
Victoria Harbour
Cross-Harbour Tunnel
Western Harbour Crossing

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