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much less ferocity. Dickson ordered his "explorers" to fire into the air to wake them up. The air became bitter with cordite fumes but the lions did little more than stroll about and urinate on the scenery. Now convinced the animals were harmless, stagehands began beating them, at which children began to cry and parents shouted angry protests. The organizers withdrew the animals and moved to the next act of the show. Things went little better. The camels refused to walk in a line as in a desert caravan. And their attendants, who were unemployed black people recruited from the streets, stumbled in the sand under their unaccustomed stage clothing. The show's run was abandoned.
686:... I arrived elated and full of anticipation but my joy was short-lived, all the doors were locked and barred and there was no sign of life. Without warning a side door flew open and a small powerfully built man came hurtling out of the gloom into the sunlight. A flapping empty sleeve hung where his right arm should have been. He poured a tirade of French at me before stepping back inside and slamming the door. I gave the door another swift kick and shouted in English that all I wanted was to see the famous track. The door slowly opened and the one-armed man stepped outside, but this time a broad smile covered his previously angry face. "
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French police collaborating with the Nazis. Macron was even more specific than Chirac had been in stating that the
Government during the War was certainly that of France. “It is convenient to see the Vichy regime as born of nothingness, returned to nothingness. Yes, it’s convenient, but it is false. We cannot build pride upon a lie,” he said. Macron made a subtle reference to Chirac's remark when he added, "I say it again here. It was indeed France that organized the round-up, the deportation, and thus, for almost all, death."
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726:. The race was run with teams of three. Rivière had to drop out after a crash with Anquetil in the first hours; on 12 November, Darrigade won the biggest prime, or intermediate prize, ever offered at the track: one million francs. The overall winners were Anquetil and his partners, Darrigade and Terruzzi. The building had grown old, dirty and dusty and leaked when it rained. Electricity cables hung in loops.
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tires made on the wood as the riders passed, the effort and the tactics as the riders climbed and plunged, each one a part of his machine. ... I must write the strange world of the six-day races and the marvels of the road-racing in the mountains. French is the only language it has ever been written in properly and the terms are all French and that is what makes it hard to write.
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m round at the base but exactly 250 m on the line ridden by the motor-paced riders (considered the stars of the day). Lambert built two tiers of seats, which towered above bankings so steep for their day that they were considered cliff-like. In the track centre, Lambert built a roller-skating rink of 2,700 square metres. He lit the whole lot with 1,253 hanging lamps.
827:", which translate as follows: "The French Republic pays homage to the victims of racist and anti-Semitic persecutions and crimes against humanity committed under the de facto authority called the 'Government of the French State' 1940–1944. Let us never forget." The monument was inaugurated on 17 July 1994. A ceremony is held at the monument every year in July.
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hands on the biggest prizes, which they then shared between them. This coalition, cruelly nicknamed the Blue Train imposed its rule and sometimes even the times of the race, the length of the rest periods. The little teams fought back on certain days but, generally, the law belonged to the cracks, better equipped physically and often better organised.
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feeling of fear and revulsion came over me; I grabbed my bike and ran as fast as I could into the outside world. The door would not open at first but a panic-stricken tug freed it and I dashed out into the heat of a
Parisian afternoon and pedalled away not caring in which direction just so long as I could get away from the Vélodrome d'Hiver.
733:. Among his stage props was a model of the Eiffel Tower, which he exploded to symbolise the end of the exhibition hall in which he stood. A fire destroyed part of the Vélodrome d'Hiver in 1959 and the rest of the structure was demolished. A block of flats and a building belonging to the Ministry of the Interior now stand on the site.
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instituted a new French State during the war and that the
Republic had been re-established after the war had ended. It was not for the Republic, therefore, to apologise for events that happened while it had not existed and which had been carried out by a state which it did not recognise. For example,
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The lions, however, arrived from Naples feeling tired and limp. Dickson assured reporters they needed only a meal and began importing dead animals from local abattoirs. Things didn't improve. On the first night of the show, all 100 lions were released into the arena but showed no signs of excitement,
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was auctioning 100 lions. Dickson bought the animals the same day, along with their cages and trailers, for 80,000 Fr. He constructed a stage set, acquired two sick camels abandoned by a circus at
Maisons-Alfort, hired fire-eaters and employed 20 actors to dress as African explorers—all to stage
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A plaque marking the Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv' was placed on the track building after the War and moved to 8 boulevard de
Grenelle in 1959. On 3 February 1993, President Mitterrand commissioned a monument to be erected on the site. It stands now on a curved base, to represent the cycle track, on the edge
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denounced the historical revisionism that denied France's responsibility for the 1942 round-up and subsequent deportation of 13,000 Jews. "It was indeed France that organised this", Macron insisted, French police collaborating with the Nazis. “Not a single German” was directly involved, he said, but
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The old track was looking the worse for wear. There was dust everywhere and the shafts of sunlight that penetrated the dirty blue skylights picked out the particles dancing in the air. I walked over to the banking and touched the boards that had seen so much drama. Suddenly and without explanation a
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In 1909 the Salle des
Machines was listed for demolition to improve the view of the Eiffel Tower. Desgrange moved to another building nearby, at the corner of the boulevard de Grenelle and the rue Nélaton. The venue was named the Vélodrome d'Hiver. The new track, also designed by Lambert, was 253.16
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The Vel' d'Hiv' had a glass roof, which had been painted dark blue to help avoid attracting bomber navigators. The dark glass roof, combined with windows screwed shut for security, raised the temperature inside the structure. The 13,152 people held there had no lavatories; of the 10 available, five
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I have started many stories about bicycle racing but have never written one that is as good as the races are both on the indoor and outdoor tracks and on the roads. But I will get the Vélodrome d’Hiver with the smoky light of the afternoon and the high-banked wooden track and the whirring sound the
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said: "I have known the time when it was considered quite a feat to get into the Vel' d'Hiv' during a six-day race. There were mounted police all round the block, barriers were erected some way from the building, and if you did not have a ticket or a pass to show, you were not allowed anywhere near
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in the rush hour. The richer and more knowledgeable spectators bought track-side seats and the rest crowded into the upper balcony from which the track looked a distant bowl. A rivalry grew between those in the top row and those below them, to the extent that those on high sometimes threw sausages,
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The first meeting there, on 20 December 1903, had an audience of 20,000. They paid seven francs for the best view and a single franc to see hardly anything at all. The seating was primitive and there was no heating. The first event was not a cycle race but a walking competition over 250 metres. The
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Walter
Spitzer and the architect Mario Azagury. Spitzer and his family were survivors of deportation to Auschwitz. The statues represent all deportees but especially those of the Vel' d'Hiv'. The sculptures include children, a pregnant woman and a sick man. The words on the Mitterrand-era monument
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There was a lot of talk about the relative honesty of the results, and journalists sometimes asked themselves what importance they ought to place on victories in these six-day races. The best of the field combined between themselves, it was known, to fight against other teams and to get their own
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gave a speech at a monument of the Vel' d'Hiv' round-up on 22 July 2012. The president recognized that this event was a crime committed "in France, by France," and emphasized that the deportations in which French police participated were offences committed against French values, principles, and
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of 60 m by 30 m, and constructed a cover for the rink to allow its use for other activities. The building was rechristened the “Palais des Sports de
Grenelle”, though its former name remained in use. Under Dickson, the Vel' d'Hiv' became home to the Français Volants
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and abandoned them. There they were found by the police. Eventually
Dickson rented the camels and lions to another circus for 10,000 Fr a week, only for the circus to fail and Dickson to be summoned to collect his animals. By now he was also being pursued by the
159:. With him were Victor Goddet, the newspaper's treasurer, an engineer named Durand, and an architect, Gaston Lambert. It was Lambert who said he could turn the hall into a sports arena with a track 333 metres long and eight metres wide. He finished it in 20 days.
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stated that it was time that France faced up to its past and he acknowledged the role that the state had played in the persecution of Jews and other victims of the German occupation. Those responsible for the round-up, according to Chirac, were
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Dickson joined the management of the Vel' d'Hiv'. In 1931 he renovated the building to allow other uses in the centre of the cycling track: he removed several pillars that blocked the view of some spectators, took up the
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La République française en hommage aux victimes des persécutions racistes et antisémites et des crimes contre l’humanité commis sous l’autorité de fait dite ‘gouvernement de l’État français’ (1940–1944) N’oublions
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642:, who had taken over from his father Victor and from Henri Desgrange. The circumstances in which Goddet surrendered the keys remain a mystery, and the episode occupies only a few lines in his autobiography.
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Races at the Vel' d'Hiv' were sometimes doubted for their genuineness. While the spectacle drew large and even capacity crowds, the best riders were rumoured to control the race. The French journalist
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still differentiate between the French
Republic and the Vichy Government that ruled during WW II, so they do not accept responsibility for the roundup of the Jews. The words are in French: "
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For decades the French government declined to apologize for the role of French policemen in the round-up or for any other state complicity. It was argued (by de Gaulle and others) that the
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An enthusiast, John Aulton, described the track in the first years after the war. He visited Paris on a tour organised for English schoolchildren who slept in tents in the grounds of a
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Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany Since 1989: The Origins and Political Function of the Vél' D'Hiv' in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin
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using 9,000 French policemen. Arrests started early on 16 July and were complete by the next day. Among those who helped in the round-up were 3,400 young members of Doriot's PPF.
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had started in London in the 19th century but became truly popular after changing to a race not for individuals but for teams of two. The new formula was created in America at
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began at the Vel' d'Hiv' after a meeting between an American, Jeff Dickson, and Henri Desgrange, the track's main owner and leading promoter. Dickson arrived in France from
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bread rolls and even bottles onto those below or, if they could throw that far, onto the track. The hall's managers had to install a net to catch the larger missiles.
99:, bullfighting, spectaculars, and demonstrations. It was the first permanent indoor track in France and the name persisted for other indoor tracks built subsequently.
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were sealed because their windows offered a way out, and the others were blocked. The arrested Jews were kept there for five days with only water and food brought by
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797:," he said ("France, on that day , committed the irreparable. Breaking its word, it handed those who were under its protection over to their executioners"). "
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area of Paris. He and Desgrange got on and the two agreed he should organise a first boxing tournament at the Vel' d'Hiv' in 1929. The main match pitted
1220:"Allocution de M. Jacques CHIRAC Président de la République prononcée lors des cérémonies commémorant la grande rafle des 16 et 17 juillet 1942 (Paris)"
167:. Only one rider—Cissac—managed to complete the 16 km (10 mi), the others having crashed on the unaccustomed steepness of the track banking.
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Allocution de M. Jacques CHIRAC Président de la République prononcée lors des cérémonies commémorant la grande rafle des 16 et 17 juillet 1942 (Paris)
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The first official admission that the French State had been complicit in the deportation of 76,000 Jews during WW II was made in 1995 by President
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Architecture et sport en France 1918-1945: une histoire politique et culturelle; www.archi.fr/DOCOMOMO-FR/sport-paris.htm, retrieved November 2007
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ideals. He continued his speech by remarking that the Republic would clamp down on anti-Semitism "with the greatest determination".
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232:. The race began at 6 pm and by 9 pm all 20,000 seats were sold. Among those who watched was the millionaire Henri de
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Dickson now had two camels and 100 lions that he no longer needed. An assistant tied the camels behind a car, led them to the
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There could be so many spectators jammed in the track centre for cycling events that they resembled passengers in the Paris
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La France, ce jour-là, accomplissait l'irréparable. Manquant à sa parole, elle livrait ses protégés à leurs bourreaux
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776:" ("450 policemen and gendarmes, French, under the authority of their leaders obeyed the demands of the Nazis").
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A tradition started in 1926 of electing a Queen of the Six, whose job included starting the race. Among them were
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His most spectacular venture was his greatest and most expensive flop. Dickson discovered from the newspaper
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The original track was housed in the Salles des Machines, the building used for the industrial display of
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450 policiers et gendarmes français, sous l'autorité de leurs chefs, répondaient aux exigences des nazis
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Needing a place to hold the detainees, the Germans demanded the keys of the Vel' d'Hiv' from its owner,
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was a regular fan of six-day and other races at the Vel' d'Hiv' while he lived in Paris. He wrote:
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244:, who offered 100 Fr. The winners were Goulet and Fogler, an American-Australian pairing.
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803:" ("the criminal folly of the occupiers was seconded by the French, by the French state").
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690:" he said, as if uttering some special password. He spoke in halting English. Did I know
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The Vel' d'Hiv' was available for hire to whoever wanted it. Among those who booked was
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La folie criminelle de l'occupant a été secondée par des Français, par l'Etat français
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on 14 July, France's national day, in 1943. He is buried in the American cemetery at
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The last six-day race at the Vel' d'Hiv' started on 7 November 1958. The stars were
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1982:
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Those arrested were sent to an internment camp in half-completed tower blocks at
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the place. You can guess that the disappointed fans often produced a near-riot."
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430:
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107:
106:, used the velodrome to hold thousands of Jews and others who were victims in a
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In July 1942, French police, acting under orders from the German authorities in
1936:
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1515:
565:
452:
383:, were cameramen sent from the U.S. to film American soldiers in World War I.
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1192:"Marine Le Pen: France 'not responsible' for deporting Jews during Holocaust"
213:. The first such six-day race at the Vel' d'Hiv' started on 13 January 1913.
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1991:
1322:"'France organised this': Macron denounces state role in Holocaust atrocity"
662:
651:
386:
Dickson stayed on in France after the war and began promoting boxing in the
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64:
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The final night at the Vel' d'Hiv' was 12 May 1959, featuring the painter
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for cruelty in abandoning the camels. The animals were finally sent to a
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142:, which ended in 1900. The building was unoccupied after the exhibition.
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had maintained this position. The claim was more recently reiterated by
38:
endurance competition held inside the Vélodrome d'Hiver in Paris in 1911
806:
On 16 July 2017, also at a ceremony at the Vel' d'Hiv' site, President
691:
647:
595:. It was at the Vel' d'Hiv', among other venues, that Doriot, with his
588:
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The venture ended with the loss of 700,000 Fr by the Vel' d'Hiv'.
511:
1351:"Macron Denounces Anti-Zionism as 'Reinvented Form of Anti-Semitism'"
596:
521:
477:
473:
387:
372:
96:
88:
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Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne
418:
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1507:
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110:. The Jews were held at the velodrome before they were moved to a
29:
677:. He was alone in wanting to see the Vélodrome d'Hiver. He wrote:
1377:"Macron hosts Netanyahu, condemns anti-Zionism as anti-Semitism"
949:
De Latour, René: Adieu - Vel' d'Hiv', Sporting Cyclist, UK, 1959
620:
533:
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1151:
Journal, Fellowship of Cycling Old-Timers, UK, vol 142, pp58-61
507:
278:, who also played from the roof of a car while preceding the
613:, including Paris. On 7 June 1942, they completed plans for
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first cycling competition was a race ridden behind pacing
1250:"François Hollande sorry for wartime deportation of Jews"
379:
in 1917 as a "sammie". Sammies, named after the owner of
779:
To mark the 70th anniversary of the round-up, President
425:(FFCP), co-founded by former World Heavyweight Champion
63:, was an indoor bicycle racing cycle track and stadium (
1050:
1048:
520:
Dickson returned to America in 1939 and died when his
1042:
Tristan Alric, “Un siècle de hockey en France”, p. 23
1142:"The track that died of shame", Procycling, UK, 2002
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The Vélodrome d'Hiver is featured in the 2006 novel
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2111:
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1944:
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after the 16–17 July 1942 roundup of Jews in Paris.
654:and the few doctors and nurses allowed to enter.
145:In 1902, the Salle des Machines was inspected by
2643:Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya
630:Commemorative plaque to the victims held in the
561:The Vélodrome d'Hiver was also the venue of the
1166:"Chirac Affirms France's Guilt In Fate of Jews"
845:based on the novel, as well as the French film
815:of the quai de Grenelle. It is the work of the
599:-like salute, roused crowds to join his cause.
455:team. The rink also featured skating shows by
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2060:
1713:
1561:
619:("Operation Spring Breeze") to arrest 28,000
8:
1107:"EuroBasket History - The 50s - FIBA Europe"
821:
798:
792:
771:
614:
536:, beneath the third cross in the front row.
423:Fédération Française de Catch Professionnel
153:on behalf of the newspaper that he edited,
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1706:
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884:
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839:by Tatiana de Rosnay and in the 2010 film
2672:Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre
1956:Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre
1402:"Israel PM mourns France's deported Jews"
149:, who the following year inaugurated the
1425:
1423:
1214:
1212:
898:Grunwald, Liliane, and Claude Cattaert,
334:
246:
2690:China Agricultural University Gymnasium
2305:Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre
1159:
1157:
932:
930:
928:
872:
661:and then to the extermination camp at
118:and then to the extermination camp at
1277:"France opens WW2 Vichy regime files"
861:List of cycling tracks and velodromes
762:, during the 2017 election campaign.
421:") at the Vel' d'Hiv' in 1933 by the
50:
7:
2744:Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre
199:. It became known in English as the
122:. The incident became known as the "
2594:Messegelände, Judo- und Ringerhalle
1463:Presidential decree,3 February 1993
228:and other prominent riders such as
67:) on rue Nélaton, not far from the
2797:Venues of the 1924 Summer Olympics
1024:from the original on 27 April 2023
1007:Historical Dictionary of Wrestling
554:on 18 October 1937 as part of the
481:a spectacle called The Lion Hunt.
437:The Lion Hunt and other spectacles
25:
2314:Nikaia Olympic Weightlifting Hall
1900:Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena
1474:"Musée de la résistance en ligne"
1349:Goldman, Russell (17 July 2017).
938:La Fabuleuse Histoire du Cyclisme
2443:
2102:
2034:Moreton Bay Indoor Sports Centre
1935:
1576:
1330:. Associated Press. 17 July 2017
1190:McAuley, James (10 April 2017).
1164:Simons, Marlise (17 July 1995).
1010:. Scarecrow Press. p. 104.
905:(Paris: Éditions Ramsay, 1979),
566:European basketball championship
417:style (renamed from "Lutte" to "
411:Professional wrestling in France
2276:Pavelló de l'Espanya Industrial
2267:Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium
2231:Messegelände, Gewichtheberhalle
2076:Olympic venues in weightlifting
1375:McAuley, James (16 July 2017).
961:pp. 182-3, 266, 400, 425, 507.
682:I set out on my Raleigh Sports.
495:Société protectrice des animaux
2360:Paris Expo Porte de Versailles
1918:Pavelló Club Joventut Badalona
1478:Museedelaresistanceenligne.org
1430:Carrier, Peter (22 May 2018).
1248:Willsher, Kim (22 July 2012).
959:1924 Olympics official report.
1:
2735:Los Angeles Convention Center
2652:Georgia World Congress Center
2285:Georgia World Congress Center
1965:Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall
1642:Le Stand de Tir de Versailles
572:
343:
342:aboard his yacht, the Pilar,
236:, who offered a prize of 600
2807:Olympic weightlifting venues
2323:Beihang University Gymnasium
1311:, Président de la république
1004:John Grasso (6 March 2014).
2417:Olympic venues in wrestling
1927:Alexander Memorial Coliseum
1068:Green, Christopher (2003).
765:On 16 July 1995, President
587:, who led France's largest
258:The Franco-American writer
114:in the Parisian suburbs at
2853:
2536:Empress Hall, Earl's Court
2177:Empress Hall, Earl's Court
1909:Jamsil Students' Gymnasium
1814:Empress Hall, Earl's Court
611:occupied its northern half
576:
2625:Anaheim Convention Center
2616:CSKA Athletics Fieldhouse
2603:Centre Pierre Charbonneau
2558:Royal Exhibition Building
2482:Stockholm Olympic Stadium
2441:
2351:Tokyo International Forum
2195:Royal Exhibition Building
2100:
1933:
1597:
1528:
1513:
1497:
1453:– via Google Books.
1229:(in French). 16 July 1995
745:had been dismantled when
616:Opération Vent printanier
429:and French rugby player
2812:Olympic wrestling venues
1729:Olympic venues in boxing
1637:Le Stade Olympique Reims
1071:Art in France, 1900-1940
1058:, Robert Laffont, France
669:Post-war track encounter
216:The riders included the
171:Change of name and track
27:Indoor velodrom in Paris
2837:Boxing venues in France
2681:Ano Liosia Olympic Hall
2258:Albert Gersten Pavilion
2249:Izmailovo Sports Palace
1054:Goddet, Jacques (1991)
984:Charles Scribner's Sons
311:, the velodrome hosted
71:in Paris. As well as a
52:[velɔdʁɔmdivɛʁ]
2832:Olympic cycling venues
2822:Sports venues in Paris
2204:Palazzetto dello Sport
1832:West Melbourne Stadium
1687:Vélodrome de Vincennes
1227:www.jacqueschirac-asso
822:
799:
793:
772:
703:
635:
615:
413:was relaunched in the
363:
347:
298:
255:
39:
18:Velodrome d'Hiver
2802:Olympic boxing venues
2607:Maurice Richard Arena
2567:Basilica of Maxentius
1877:Maurice Richard Arena
1756:Northampton Institute
1652:Piscine des Tourelles
1076:Yale University Press
936:Chany, Pierre (1988)
679:
665:. Only 400 survived.
629:
459:in 1953 and 1955 and
398:, bringing in 920,110
358:
338:
293:
274:and the accordionist
250:
197:Madison Square Garden
48:French pronunciation:
33:
2817:Velodromes in France
2585:Insurgentes Ice Rink
1974:Workers Indoor Arena
1667:Stade Yves-du-Manoir
1622:Hippodrome d'Auteuil
1586:1924 Summer Olympics
760:National Front Party
547:Naissance d'une cité
350:The American writer
309:1924 Summer Olympics
303:1924 Summer Olympics
193:Six-day cycle racing
128:Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv'
2769: /
2726:Champ de Mars Arena
2435:Panathenaic Stadium
2222:Insurgentes Theatre
2213:Shibuya Public Hall
2094:Panathenaic Stadium
2015:Stade Roland Garros
1850:Korakuen Ice Palace
1841:Palazzo dello Sport
1627:Issy-les-Moulineaux
752:François Mitterrand
573:Vel' d'Hiv' Roundup
472:that the Schneider
381:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
251:Singer and actress
124:Vel' d'Hiv' Roundup
34:Photo of a 24-hour
2773:48.8538°N 2.2889°E
2576:Komazawa Gymnasium
2518:Olympic Auditorium
2473:White City Stadium
2159:Olympic Auditorium
1792:Olympic Auditorium
1647:Meulan-en-Yvelines
1607:Bassin d'Argentuil
1436:. Berghahn Books.
1381:Washingtonpost.com
1355:The New York Times
1307:2009-04-13 at the
1283:. 28 December 2015
1196:Washingtonpost.com
1170:The New York Times
737:Government apology
636:
579:Vel' d'Hiv Roundup
552:Jean-Richard Bloch
526:St-André-de-l'Eure
415:catch-as-catch-can
348:
256:
112:concentration camp
75:, it was used for
40:
2752:
2751:
2661:21st century
2509:Krachtsportgebouw
2500:Vélodrome d'hiver
2453:20th century
2424:19th century
2383:
2382:
2294:21st century
2150:Krachtsportgebouw
2141:Vélodrome d'hiver
2132:Olympisch Stadion
2112:20th century
2083:19th century
2042:
2041:
1945:21st century
1783:Krachtsportgebouw
1774:Vélodrome d'hiver
1747:Francis Gymnasium
1736:20th century
1695:
1694:
1682:Vélodrome d'hiver
1544:
1543:
1529:Succeeded by
1017:978-0-8108-7926-3
781:François Hollande
750:former President
550:was organised by
524:was shot down at
240:, and the dancer
222:Louis Trousselier
44:Vélodrome d'Hiver
16:(Redirected from
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2827:Cycling in Paris
2784:
2783:
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2634:Sangmu Gymnasium
2527:Deutschlandhalle
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2240:St. Michel Arena
2168:Deutschlandhalle
2106:
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2011:Arena Paris Nord
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1801:Deutschlandhalle
1722:
1715:
1708:
1699:
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1533:1953 Final Venue
1502:1949 Final Venue
1498:Preceded by
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979:A Moveable Feast
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758:, leader of the
716:Jacques Anquetil
706:The final events
685:
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540:Other spectacles
505:
502:
463:(1950 to 1958).
401:
352:Ernest Hemingway
345:
340:Ernest Hemingway
331:Ernest Hemingway
140:the World's Fair
59:), colloquially
57:Winter Velodrome
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2708:Carioca Arena 2
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2369:Peacock Theater
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2002:Kokugikan Arena
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1662:Stade Bergeyre
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1408:. 16 July 2017
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1133:, 22 July 2002
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767:Jacques Chirac
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640:Jacques Goddet
607:invaded France
585:Jacques Doriot
577:Main article:
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461:Holiday on Ice
446:rink, laid an
444:roller-skating
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731:Salvador Dalí
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1859:Arena México
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1519:Final Venue
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1327:The Guardian
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1255:The Guardian
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2491:Antwerp Zoo
1810:Empire Pool
1765:Antwerp Zoo
1657:Saint-Cloud
982:(New York:
963:(in French)
903:: 1903–1959
842:Sarah's Key
837:Sarah's Key
632:Vel' d'Hiv'
591:party, the
530:Omaha Beach
498: [
457:Sonja Henie
431:Raoul Paoli
272:Annie Cordy
253:Mistinguett
242:Mistinguett
165:motorcycles
108:mass arrest
61:Vel' d'Hiv'
2791:Categories
2761:48°51′14″N
2549:Messuhalli
2186:Messuhalli
1823:Messuhalli
1516:Eurobasket
1085:0300099088
1028:1 December
976:, Ernest,
867:References
469:Paris-Midi
453:ice hockey
268:Édith Piaf
234:Rothschild
81:basketball
77:ice hockey
2764:2°17′20″E
2341:Riocentro
1992:Riocentro
1602:Bagatelle
1131:Le Figaro
986:, 1964),
974:Hemingway
663:Auschwitz
652:Red Cross
406:Wrestling
346:mid 1950s
325:wrestling
120:Auschwitz
85:wrestling
65:velodrome
2017:(finals)
1883:(finals)
1868:Boxhalle
1632:Le Havre
1305:Archived
1091:16 March
1022:Archived
992:64-15441
855:See also
817:sculptor
688:Anglais?
532:west of
501:Wikidata
448:ice rink
394:against
377:Missouri
327:events.
307:For the
220:winners
188:Six-days
97:circuses
1584:of the
1406:Bbc.com
1281:Bbc.com
1233:17 July
911:2-85956
692:Wembley
648:Quakers
604:Germans
589:fascist
512:Hamburg
317:fencing
289:wrote:
205:and in
202:madison
134:Origins
1582:Venues
1538:Moscow
1483:22 May
1449:22 May
1440:
1412:22 May
1386:22 May
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824:jamais
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659:Drancy
650:, the
597:Hitler
522:bomber
478:Naples
474:circus
400:
388:Wagram
373:Boxing
368:Boxing
323:, and
313:boxing
207:French
156:L'Auto
116:Drancy
89:boxing
2699:ExCeL
2376:: TBD
2332:ExCeL
1983:ExCeL
1590:Paris
1508:Cairo
1223:(PDF)
675:lycée
510:near
504:]
490:Seine
419:Catch
181:métro
2740:2032
2731:2028
2722:2024
2713:2020
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1988:2016
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1837:1960
1828:1956
1819:1952
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1788:1932
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1770:1924
1761:1920
1752:1908
1743:1904
1524:1951
1485:2018
1451:2018
1438:ISBN
1414:2018
1388:2018
1362:2018
1336:2018
1289:2018
1263:2018
1235:2014
1203:2018
1177:2018
1118:2018
1093:2018
1080:ISBN
1030:2022
1012:ISBN
988:LCCN
907:ISBN
722:and
621:Jews
609:and
563:1951
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