42:
475:
829:
and raising the southern quarter. The gods thereupon decided that
Agastya was the best person to remedy this situation and requested him to proceed to the South. Agastya agreed and, on his way, visited Tuvarāpati' (Dvārakā) and led the descendants of neṭu-muṭi-an|n|al (Viṣṇu or Krṣṇa) including eighteen kings, eighteen families of the Vēḷir and the Aruvāḷar' to the south, where they settled down clearing the forests and cultivating the land.
156:
41:
592:
828:
The story of the southern migration of the Vēḷir from Dvārakā under the leadership of
Agastya is narrated by Naccinarkkiniyar in his commentary on Tolkāppiyam (pāyiram ; Poruḷ. 34). According to this legend, the gods congregated on Mount Meru as a result of which the earth tilted, lowering Meru
550:
Kaluvul was a velir chieftain of Kamur who fought against the chera supremacy. Perum chera irumporai along with fourteen chieftains attacked kamur but perum chera irumporai was impressed with
Kaluvuls resistance in battle field and let him rule kamur and accepted friendship from him. .Some of the
504:
chieftains. We know of a queen of
Vikramaditya Varaguna, an Ay king of 9th century who is referred to as Murugan Chenthi and as Aykula Mahadevi from inscriptions. Her father, an Ay chief called Chathan Murugan is described as a Vennir Vellala that is a Vellala by birth, in the Huzur plates of king
215:
due to which the earth started tilting to one side. Agastya was then requested to proceed south to restore the balance. On his way south, Agastya married
Lopamudra and is said to have brought with him sage Jamadagni's son Trnadhumagni or Tholkappiyar, the author of
1180:
524:) has a striking resemblance to the origin legend of the Hoysalas where "sala" kills the tiger to save a sage. As per historian Arokiaswami, the Hoysala title "Ballala" is only a variant of the Tamil word "Vellala". The Hoysala king
224:
family along with eighteen crore Velir and
Aruvalar. It has been suggested by some like Thapar and Champakalakshmi, that the ancestors of the Velir may have been related to the Yadava of Dvaraka and the inhabitants of the post
1081:
Pivot politics: changing cultural identities in early state formation processes By M. van Bakel page 165: "The Velir were an instrusive group in South India... It is now suggested that (...) may have been associated with the
454:
belonging to
Manavya gotra as being the descendants of the original ancestress Hariti. The Karmandala Satakam states that the Velirs of karmandalam belong to the same "Manavya" Gotra. The Chalukya kings were called
443:, he was a Vellalar saint and Commander-in-chief of the Chola army. The Ay velir chieftains, who settled down in Ay county (near Kanyakumari), were quite prominent in Tamil Nadu during the sangam age.
319:. "Karmandala sathakam" a 12th-century work states that the Velirs (The eighteen groups of Vellalars) who ruled Karmandalam (Regions of Southern Karnataka and North Tamil Nadu) were branched-off from:
315:. In Sangam literature, they are portrayed as independent chieftains who ruled in bordering areas of three major ruling dynasties, had considerable collective power and marriage alliances with
1990:
Seneviratne, Sudharshan (1994). "The
Twilight of the Perumakan: South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated". In van Bakel, Martin; Hagesteijn, Renée; van de Velde, Piet (eds.).
1163:
1026:
539:
through matrimony. These princes assumed both the Chola and
Irungovel titles like for example there was one Adavallan Gangaikonda Cholan alias Irungolan during the time of
516:
as in one of the Sangam poems, the ancestor of the
Irungovel chieftain is said to have ruled the fortified city of Tuvarai. This city is identified with the Hoysala capital
1384:
Vijayalakshmi, Usha R (2010). "Karmandala Satakam: Politico-Socio-Cultural Analysis of Medieval Tamil Literature on the Vellala Community of South Karnataka".
1858:
251:; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl, declares that he belonged to the
1835:
Collected Papers: Studies in South Indian Epigraphy and History of Land Organisation, Development and Accounts and Select Chola, and Pandyan Townships
233:, and as the Velir-Perumakan group, cultivated its ancient society as a political, sociocultural and economic structure in South India and Sri Lanka.
229:
Chacolithic Black and Red ware sites. According to Thapar, the Yadava may have belonged to a non Indo-Aryan language group. They eventually reached
240:
writes that quite a number of these velirs were indigenous and natives of tamil country but some of the velirs seem to have migrated from dvaraka.
2001:
1809:
1594:
1543:
1509:
1358:
1299:
1265:
1056:
972:
886:
852:
768:
699:
471:
means region or country). Later day references to them in Choļa inscriptions puts the Chalukyas under the Velir community ruling in Deccan.
1770:
The Early History of the Vellar Basin, with Special Reference to the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. A Study in Vellala Origin and Early History
1755:
The Early History of the Vellar Basin, with Special Reference to the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. A Study in Vellala Origin and Early History
412:
While most of the rulers are substantiated by epigraphs and literatures, some of their history of ruling some dynasties is not recorded.
2038:
1239:
1139:
945:
362:
1386:"Karmandala Satakam: Politico-Socio-Cultural Analysis of Medieval Tamil Literature on the Vellala Community of South Karnataka
602:
2033:
1974:
1799:
143:
rulers through ruling and coronation rights. Medieval inscriptions and Sangam literature claim that they belong to the
1561:
The Religion And Philosophy Of Tevaram With Special Reference To Nampi Arurar In Four Volumes: Rangaswamy, M. A. Dorai
575:, a 49th generation descendant of the Vēlir clan whose ancestors appeared from the pitcher (தடவு) of a Northern sage (
179:, a 49th generation descendant of the Vēlir clan whose ancestors appeared from the pitcher (தடவு) of a Northern sage (
2028:
1833:
1559:
758:
935:
915:. Publication (International Institute of Tamil Studies). International Institute of Tamil Studies. p. 269
440:
352:
543:
and then there was a certain Sendamangalam Udaiyan Araiyan Edirili Cholan alias Irungolan during the reign of
1204:
1001:
2023:
792:
741:
716:
689:
614:
1533:
876:
658:
256:
1328:. SAHER pub (in German). Society for Archaeological, Historical & Epigraphical Research. p. 51
1129:
910:
1917:
1900:
1883:
544:
415:
Also, some of the medieval dynasties of the western half of the peninsula claim to be descended from
264:
1462:
1048:
The Four Hundred Songs of War and Wisdom: An Anthology of Poems from Classical Tamil, the Purananuru
610:
385:
316:
1638:
1393:
1229:
347:
312:
1967:
Culture of Creativity: Footprints of Indian Civilization, Volume 3 of Panorama of Indian Culture
1954:. Institute of Epigraphy, State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu. p. 1.
1934:
1323:
909:
Cuppiramaṇiyan̲, C.V.; Tirunāvukkaracu, K.T.; International Institute of Tamil Studies (1983).
474:
1997:
1970:
1805:
1630:
1590:
1584:
1539:
1505:
1499:
1354:
1353:. Studies in sociology and social anthropology. Hindustan Publishing Corporation. p. 49.
1295:
1289:
1261:
1235:
1135:
1087:
1052:
1046:
968:
962:
941:
882:
881:. People of India. Affiliated East-West Press Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1647.
848:
842:
764:
695:
568:
564:
525:
207:. The legend goes that all the gods and sages went to the Himalayas to attend the marriage of
172:
168:
1348:
1255:
637:. Yet another Velir chief was Pekan of the Vel Avi family who ruled over Pothini, the modern
820:
447:
390:
304:
194:
1798:
Indu Banga; Urban History Association of India; Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (1991).
529:
451:
428:
367:
357:
334:
329:
622:
572:
509:
244:
176:
91:
1209:. Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, St. Xavier's College. 1995. p. 93
436:
432:
380:
324:
308:
217:
155:
140:
105:
187:) with a fort containing tall huge walls made of bronze. According to a commentary on
2017:
694:. Encyclopaedia of women society and culture series. Anmol Publications. p. 99.
482:
400:
342:
288:
136:
132:
875:
Singh, K.S.; Thirumalai, R.; Manoharan, S.; Anthropological Survey of India (1997).
580:
296:
199:
184:
1888:. International Society for the Investigation of Ancient Civilization. p. 104.
540:
517:
395:
276:
252:
237:
189:
144:
606:
591:
99:
87:
1991:
1437:
1412:
621:", now lost, was written about his battle with the Chera king. Another Velir was
1051:. Translations from the Asian Classics. Columbia University Press. p. 127.
595:
300:
260:
128:
120:
65:
1993:
Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes
1838:. T.N.D.A. pub. Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu. p. 177
964:
Pivot politics: changing cultural identities in early state formation processes
844:
History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D.
663:
646:
630:
626:
560:
489:
420:
272:
230:
164:
95:
83:
1634:
995:
993:
991:
634:
478:
405:
124:
1586:
Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu
1231:
Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu
937:
Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu
1257:
Environment, Development and Society in Contemporary India:An Introduction
760:
Donors, Devotees, and Daughters of God: Temple Women in Medieval Tamilnadu
645:. Other ancient Velir chiefs of repute include Alumbil Vel, Alandur Vel,
1642:
1397:
1618:
668:
642:
576:
513:
424:
248:
226:
221:
212:
204:
180:
1488:
Prācī-jyoti Digest of Indological Studies volumes 16-17 (1984), p. 115
17:
1083:
638:
416:
375:
292:
1936:
A Study of the Literature of the Cēra Country Upto 11th Century A.D.
1857:
Balasubrahmanyam, S.R.; Venkataraman, B.; Ramachandran, B. (1979).
1801:
The City in Indian History: Urban Demography, Society, and Politics
520:
by some historians. Also, the legend of the chief killing a tiger (
512:
lines of Velir kings are considered to be of the same stock as the
1860:
Later Chola Temples: Kulottunga I to Rajendra III (A.D. 1070-1280)
1131:
Tradition, Dissent and Ideology: Essays in Honour of Romila Thapar
1128:
Thapar, Romila; Champakalakshmi, Radha; Gopal, Sarvepalli (1996).
590:
536:
493:
473:
208:
154:
55:
797:. Monographs on man in India. Book Centre Publications. p. 4
492:
were one such Velir group that ruled the territory in and around
821:"Meluhha and Agastya : Alpha and Omega of the Indus Script"
598:
Temple Complex built by Irunkovel chieftain Boothi Vikramakesari
279:
and they gained preeminence at an early stage in Tamil history.
1787:. Commissioner of Museums, Government of Tamil Nadu. p. 2.
1006:. Commissioner of Museums, Government of Tamilnadu. p. 15
291:
of Tamil polity, economy, and society. They are traced to the
1442:. V.R. Ramachandra Dikshitar Centenary Committee. p. 192
1379:
1377:
763:. South Asia Research. Oxford University Press. p. 209.
718:
An Outline of the Cultural History and Principles of Hinduism
609:
chieftains, based in Tagadur (present day village located in
1040:
1038:
1952:
Studies in the History of Ancient Townships in Pudukkottai
1725:
Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern
1665:
Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern
1102:. Orient Blackswan, 1978 - India - 341 pages. p. 224.
1000:
Ayyar, K.R.S.; Government Museum (Chennai, India) (2002).
1682:. Thompson & Co., Ltd., Printers, Madras. p. 11.
1414:
Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
583:) with a fort containing tall huge walls made of bronze.
551:
velirs under Kaluvul joined the chera after the defeat.
532:, the town that served as their capital in 14th century.
505:
Karunandakkan, the predecessor of Vikramaditya Varaguna.
496:
during the Sangam period. The word Venad is derived from
1697:. Vidyarthi Mithram Press & Book Depot. p. 117.
1467:(in Latin). Prasaranga, University of Mysore. p. 48
961:
van Bakel, M.; Hagesteijn, R.; van de Velde, P. (1994).
528:
is even now locally known as the "Vellala Maharaja" in
123:
of minor dynastic kings and aristocratic chieftains in
1919:
Social and Cultural History of Tamilnad: To A.D. 1336
1902:
Social and Cultural History of Tamilnad: To A.D. 1336
814:
812:
633:. Nannan was another Velir chieftain who hailed from
197:, eighteen clans of the Velirs came from the city of
1969:. Dominant Publishers and Distributors. p. 10.
1350:
Boundary Walls: Caste and Women in a Tamil Community
1501:
Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations
1100:
Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations
271:(Banner of the Yadu race). Historians consider the
79:
71:
61:
51:
34:
1619:"The Origin and the Original Home of the Calukyas"
1185:. .: New imperial series (in Italian). p. 122
1885:History of Kongu: Pre-historic period to 1300 A.D
1710:Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India
1738:T.A. Society (Tiruchchirāppalli, India) (1986).
1535:Slaves of the Lord: The Path of the Tamil Saints
1077:
1075:
1589:(in Latin). Abhinav Publications. p. 127.
625:who ruled over Konaadu, the area in and around
1234:. Institute of Asian Studies. pp. 33–34.
940:. Institute of Asian Studies. pp. 33–35.
299:and linked up with all important dynasties of
1484:
1482:
535:The Irungovel chieftains were related to the
8:
746:(in Lithuanian). Diocesan Press. p. 25.
1439:Studies in South Indian History and Culture
275:velirs originated from the pastoralists of
1623:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1417:. Colombo Apothecaries Company. p. 21
423:of the ninth century A.D. claim to be the
40:
1742:. Asian Educational Services. p. 28.
1117:. Ajanta Publications, 1979. p. 376.
247:kings trace their lineage to the clan of
1996:. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis. p. 172.
1863:(in Javanese). Mudgala Trust. p. 80
1740:The Tamilian Antiquary Volume 1, Issue 5
1134:. Oxford University Press. p. 309.
794:Social History of Kerala: The Dravidians
463:by some communities, that is kings over
46:A statue of the Sangam period Velir king
1804:. South Asia Publications. p. 61.
1712:. Oxford University Press. p. 350.
680:
1411:Biodiversity Heritage Library (1909).
1168:. Delhi Sundeep Prakashan. p. 12.
1031:. Delhi Sundeep Prakashan. p. 12.
31:
1667:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 179.
1538:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 178.
1260:. Macmillan India. 2008. p. 23.
1003:Inscriptions in the Pudukkóttai State
220:grammar, and eighteen members of the
147:. Velir may refer to master of land.
7:
1965:Rohan Peter, Utsav Manihara (2001).
1629:. Indian History Congress: 386–410.
841:de Laet, S.J.; Herrmann, J. (1996).
579:), and said to have ruled Thuvarai (
500:-nadu, that is the country ruled by
439:describes about a Haiheya clan king
183:), and said to have ruled Thuvarai (
1905:. University of Madras. p. 50.
1727:. Kalpaz Publications. p. 181.
267:lauds his father, Samarabirama, as
1179:India. Archæological Dept (1913).
25:
1939:University of Madras. p. 29.
912:Historical Heritage of the Tamils
688:Pruthi, R.; Sharma, B.R. (1995).
203:under the leadership of the sage
1933:Ci, Pālacuppiramaṇiyan̲ (2007).
1045:Hart, G.L.; Heifetz, H. (2002).
287:The Velir were prominent in the
159:A 12th-century statue of Agastya
131:. They had close relations with
127:in the early historic period of
1678:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (1937).
1504:. Orient Longman. p. 224.
721:. Stangard Printers. p. 36
613:). They were contemporaries of
431:kings who link themselves with
1785:The Gopuras of Thiruvannamalai
1291:India Once Ruled the Americas!
826:. Chennai, India. p. 16.
1:
1772:. Amudha Nilayam. p. 29.
1757:. Amudha Nilayam. p. 28.
1113:Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar.
967:. Het Spinhuis. p. 175.
819:Mahadevan, Iravatham (2009).
419:lineage and the Ay chiefs of
1899:C. E., Ramachandran (1974).
1165:Art And Culture Of Tamilnadu
1028:Art And Culture Of Tamilnadu
193:, the earliest long work of
691:Buddhism, Jainism and Women
27:Royal house of Yadu dynasty
2055:
1617:Krishnarao, B. V. (1939).
1436:Nākacāmi, I., ed. (1997).
1294:. iUniverse. p. 100.
263:record of Irukkuvel chief
605:and his son Ezhini, were
39:
2039:Sri Lankan Tamil history
1916:N, Subrahmanian (2008).
847:Routledge. p. 382.
740:Chakravarti, A. (1953).
629:, with their capital in
441:Eyarkon Kalikama Nayanar
255:which is descended from
1532:Dehejia, Vidya (1988).
715:Sivaratnam, C. (1964).
1950:Tirumalai, R. (1981).
1882:V, Ramamurthy (2008).
1832:Tirumalai, R. (1994).
1783:F. H. Gravely (2002).
1162:R, Naga Swami (1980).
1115:Insights into Hinduism
1025:R, Naga Swami (1980).
603:Athiyamān Nedumān Añci
599:
485:
160:
2034:History of Tamil Nadu
1708:Burton Stein (1994).
1322:Nākacāmi, I. (1978).
791:Iyer, L.A.K. (1968).
659:History of Tamil Nadu
594:
477:
257:Yadu (legendary king)
158:
1922:. Ennes. p. 42.
1583:Padmaja, T. (2002).
1325:South Indian Studies
1288:Matlock, G. (2000).
1228:Padmaja, T. (2001).
934:Padmaja, T. (2001).
265:Boothi Vikramakesari
1498:Thapar, R. (1978).
1464:The Hoysaḷa Dynasty
1347:Ganesh, K. (1993).
617:. The Sangam poem "
611:Dharmapuri district
317:Three Crowned Kings
1723:Raj Kumar (2008).
1663:Raj Kumar (2008).
1461:Ali, B.S. (1972).
757:Orr, L.C. (2000).
600:
486:
295:(Yadu descent) of
161:
80:Connected families
2029:History of Kerala
2003:978-90-5589-007-1
1811:978-0-945921-17-2
1695:History of Kerala
1596:978-81-7017-398-4
1545:978-8-12150-044-9
1511:978-81-250-0808-8
1360:978-81-7075-023-9
1301:978-0-595-13468-7
1267:978-0-230-63530-2
1182:Epigraphia Indica
1058:978-0-231-51252-7
974:978-90-5589-007-1
888:978-81-85938-88-2
854:978-92-3-102812-0
770:978-0-19-535672-4
701:978-81-7488-085-7
619:Thagadur yathirai
569:Sangam literature
565:Eight Anthologies
555:Sangam literature
526:Veera Ballala III
253:Kshatriya dynasty
173:Sangam literature
169:Eight Anthologies
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483:Sangam Period
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717:
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690:
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618:
601:
587:Velir chiefs
558:
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541:Kulottunga I
534:
521:
518:Dwarasamudra
507:
501:
497:
487:
468:
464:
460:
457:Velpularasar
456:
445:
427:as also the
425:Vrishni-kula
414:
411:
386:Rashtrakutas
286:
268:
242:
238:R._Nagaswamy
235:
198:
190:Tholkappiyam
188:
162:
145:Yadu dynasty
116:
114:
29:
1867:20 December
1842:20 December
1817:20 December
1648:22 December
1602:22 December
1568:22 December
1517:21 December
1471:21 December
1446:22 December
1421:22 December
1366:20 December
1332:22 December
1307:12 December
1273:12 December
1213:20 December
1189:20 December
1010:20 December
980:22 December
919:12 December
894:12 December
860:12 December
801:12 December
776:12 December
725:12 December
596:Moovar Koil
522:Pulikadimal
348:Satavahanas
301:South India
261:Moovar Koil
129:South India
121:royal house
66:South India
2018:Categories
1976:8178880253
878:Tamil Nadu
743:Tirukkural
675:References
664:Ay dynasty
647:Ilanji Vel
631:Kodumbalur
627:Pudukottai
561:Purananuru
421:Ay dynasty
406:Thondayars
353:Kalachuris
339:Vaidhumbas
236:Historian
231:Tamraparni
200:Tuvarapati
165:Purananuru
96:Ilanji Vel
75:Satyaputra
1680:The Colas
1635:2249-1937
635:Tulu Nadu
623:Irunkōvēl
607:Athiyamān
573:Irunkōvēl
510:Irunkōvēl
479:Tamilakam
467:country (
448:Chalukyas
391:Chalukyas
368:Kunthalas
343:Dhandakas
305:Chalukyas
245:Irunkōvēl
177:Irunkōvēl
125:Tamilakam
100:Malayamān
92:Irunkōvēl
88:Athiyamān
1643:44252388
1398:44147510
653:See also
615:Auvaiyar
514:Hoysalas
452:Kadambas
417:Yadhavas
381:Hoysalas
376:Yadhavas
372:Dhayanas
358:Pallavas
335:Nulambas
330:Kadambas
325:Haihayas
309:Hoysalas
227:Harappan
106:Vēl Pāri
1392:: 430.
669:Agastya
643:Madurai
581:Dvārakā
577:Agastya
490:Ay Vels
481:in the
433:Haihaya
429:Mushika
363:Andhras
313:Andhras
297:Dvaraka
293:Yadavas
283:History
249:Krishna
222:Vrishni
213:Parvati
205:Agastya
185:Dvārakā
181:Agastya
119:were a
52:Country
2000:
1973:
1808:
1641:
1633:
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1542:
1508:
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1357:
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1206:Indica
1147:5 July
1138:
1084:Yadava
1064:16 May
1055:
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885:
851:
767:
698:
639:Palani
537:Cholas
401:Moryas
311:, and
259:. The
151:Origin
141:Pandya
72:Titles
18:Velirs
1639:JSTOR
1394:JSTOR
824:(PDF)
641:near
494:Venad
396:Banas
277:Ayars
218:Tamil
211:with
137:Chola
133:Chera
117:Velir
103:Nanan
56:India
35:Velir
1998:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1869:2022
1844:2022
1819:2022
1806:ISBN
1650:2022
1631:ISSN
1604:2022
1591:ISBN
1570:2022
1540:ISBN
1519:2022
1506:ISBN
1473:2022
1448:2022
1423:2022
1368:2022
1355:ISBN
1334:2022
1309:2022
1296:ISBN
1275:2022
1262:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1215:2022
1191:2022
1149:2019
1136:ISBN
1066:2023
1053:ISBN
1012:2022
982:2022
969:ISBN
942:ISBN
921:2022
896:2022
883:ISBN
862:2022
849:ISBN
803:2022
778:2022
765:ISBN
727:2022
696:ISBN
559:The
508:The
488:The
469:pula
459:and
450:and
446:The
243:The
209:Siva
163:The
139:and
115:The
567:of
502:Vel
498:Vel
465:Vel
171:of
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