571:
treated with a weakly ferromagnetic IVC filter (Gianturco bird nest IVC filter , stainless steel
Greenfield vena cava filter ), it is advised that the patient wait at least six weeks before undergoing an MR examination (because these older devices initially may not be anchored as firmly in place as other devices discussed in the present context), unless there is a strong clinical indication to perform the MR examination sooner after implantation, and as long as there is no reason to suspect that the device is not positioned properly or that it is not firmly in place. Most studies of IVC filters have generally been conducted at 1.5 tesla or less, although many IVC filters have now been evaluated at 3 tesla and deemed acceptable for MR examination.
158:
629:. Prior to 2004, filters that had been in the IVC for less than three weeks were considered suitable to attempt retrieval, as filters that have been in place longer might have been overgrown by cells from the IVC wall and there was an increased risk of IVC injury if the filter is dislodged. Newer designs, and developments in techniques mean that some filters can now be left in for prolonged periods and retrievals after a year are now being reported. This would include the ALN, Bard G2 and G2x, Option, Tulip and Celect filters.
609:, and when patient immobility is desired. The size of the IVC may affect which filter is deployed, as some (such as the Birds Nest) are approved to accommodate larger cavae. There are situations where the filter is placed above the renal veins (e.g. pregnant patients or women of childbearing age, renal or gonadal vein thromboses, etc.). Also, if there is duplication of the IVC, the filter is placed above the confluence of the two IVCs or a filter can be placed within each IVC.
37:
186:
383:
357:
604:
Review of prior cross-sectional imaging or a venogram of the IVC is performed before deploying the filter to assess for potential anatomic variations, thrombi within the IVC, or areas of stenoses, as well as to estimate the diameter of the IVC. Rarely, ultrasound-guided placement is preferred in the
544:
While most IVC filters are made of non-ferromagnetic materials, there are a few types that are weakly ferromagnetic. Accordingly, IVC filters fall under the MRI Safe and MRI Conditional categories depending mostly on type of material used during construction. Rarely will one find an MRI Not Safe IVC
197:
Long-term risk factors must be considered as well, to include life expectancy of more than six months following insertion, and the ability of the patient to comply with anticoagulation therapy. The decision to use a filter that is temporary vs permanent basically is tied to the expected duration of
193:
While the ability to retrieve a filter does exist for many models, it cannot be guaranteed that all cases of filter placement will allow for, or be indicated for retrieval. Thus, the requirements and indications for permanent placement of filters is used to decide on when to use both permanent and
570:
Most IVC filters that have been tested have been labeled as “MRi safe”; the remainder of IVC filters that have been tested are “MR conditional.” Patients who have been treated with nonferromagnetic IVC filters can undergo MR examination any time after filter implantation. In patients who have been
319:
An IVC filter, just by doing its job properly (catching embolic material), can eventually fill up with embolic material and cause a circulatory impairment that may warrant revision with vascular surgery (new filter, stent additions, or otherwise). A representative case has been reported in science
914:
Kaufman, JA; Kinney, TB; Streiff, MB; Sing, RF; Proctor, MC; Becker, D; Cipolle, M; Comerota, AJ; Millward, SF; Rogers, FB; Sacks, D; Venbrux, AC (2006). "Guidelines for the use of retrievable and convertible vena cava filters: report from the
Society of Interventional Radiology multidisciplinary
535:
Even though the cases above are the exception, and not the rule, most radiologists object to doing prophylactic filter insertions in patients who do not have thromboembolic diseases. For the most part, whenever possible, interventional radiologists would rather start the patient on anticoagulants
442:
Of these IVC filter side effects, 328 involved device migration, 146 involved embolizations after detachment of device components, 70 involved perforation of the IVC, and 56 involved filter fracture. Much of the medical community believes that this large number of adverse events is related to the
617:
The concept of a removable IVC filter was first conceived in 1967. In 2003 and 2004 that the United States Food and Drug
Administration first approved retrievable filters. In 2005 that the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) convened a multidisciplinary conference to address the clinical
558:
As part of the 'routing' survey for MRI studies, patients who have IVC filters will often need verification from the doctor, or medical records, to state that the IVC is safe for the MRI. Most patients with weakly or non-safe ferromagnetic implants will be given a card, which they keep on their
221:
While many studies have been done on the efficacy of Vena Cava filters, there still have not been any major studies done on the actual placement and removal of the filters regarding standard guidelines. Which is why the
Society of Interventional Radiology created a multidisciplinary panel that
548:
IVC filters are attached to the vena cava via hooks on their ends. Some are compression springs, which compress outward onto the side wall of the vena cava; however, they still have small hooks that retain their location. These hooks aid in the anchoring and healing process, as they allow the
365:
438:
In August, 2010, the FDA released an
Initial Communication on the Risk and Adverse events associated with Long Term use of an inferior vena cava filter. Over a period of about 5 years, they identify 921 events. While not the majority of cases, that number still represents a statistical
632:
It is important to note that the clinical exam prior to the removal of the filter is vital in understanding both the risk and pathophysiological effects removing the filter will have on the patient. Doctors and medical professionals must consider several key factors (see
596:
within the venous system. To place the filter, a catheter is guided into the IVC using fluoroscopic guidance, then the filter is pushed through the catheter and deployed into the desired location, usually just below the junction of the IVC and the lowest
298:
There is no current published data confirming the benefit of removing an IVC. Because of this, the
Society of Interventional Radiology created a multidisciplinary panel that developed the following guidelines to see if someone qualifies for removal:
668:"Ibero-American Society of Interventionism (SIDI) and the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI) Standard of Practice (SOP) for the Management of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism"
352:
The main function of a vena cava filter is to prevent death from massive pulmonary emboli. Long-term clinical follow-up studies have shown that this is accomplished in 96% of cases having a standard stainless-steel
Greenfield filter.
129:
Results from the PREPIC study and other studies which have shown many long-term complications of IVC filters led to the introduction of retrievable IVC filters. The first retrievable IVC filters were approved by FDA in 2003 and 2004.
817:
Kaufman, JA; Kinney TB; Streiff MB; et al. (March 2006). "Guidelines for the use of retrievable and convertible vena cava filters: report from the
Society of Interventional Radiology multidisciplinary consensus conference".
1854:
Olin, JW; Young JR; Graor RA; Ruschhaupt WF; Beven EG; Bay JW (1987). "Treatment of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors: anticoagulants or inferior vena cava filters?".
288:
Bariatric patients: Undergoing surgery for weight control, only if BMI greater than 55, previous history of DVT/PE, hypercoagulable state, chronic venous insufficiency, truncal obesity or contraindication to anticoagulation
549:
tissues to 'ingrow' around them, securing the IVC in place. It is unlikely, then, after 4 to 6 weeks of healing, that an MRI of 1.5 tesla, up to 3 tesla, will cause any level of dislodging to occur to the IVC filter.
579:
IVC filters are placed endovascularly, meaning that they are inserted via the blood vessels. Historically, IVC filters were placed surgically, but with modern filters that can be compressed into much thinner
202:
Contraindications to anticoagulation; e.g. a patient with DVT or PE who has another condition that puts them at risk of bleeding, such as a recent bleed into the brain, or a patient about to undergo major
855:"Eight-year follow-up of patients with permanent vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism: the PREPIC (Prevention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave) randomized study"
2326:
Sartori, MT; Zampieri P; Andres AL; Prandoni P; Motta R; Miotto D (2006). "Double vena cava filter insertion in congenital duplicated inferior vena cava: a case report and literature review".
2136:
Bucker A, Neuerburg JM, Adam GB, Glowinski A, Schaeffter T, Rasche V, van Vaals JJ, GĂĽnther RW (2001). "Real-time MR guidance for inferior vena cava filter placement in an animal model".
271:
These are usually very controversial reasons to do an IVC filter, and most radiologists and doctors generally will not recommend an IVC filter if other options are available instead.
955:
Guyatt, GH; Akl, EA; Crowther, M; Gutterman, DD; SchuĂĽnemann, HJ; American
College of Chest Physicians Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, Panel. (February 2012).
1011:"Introduction to the ninth edition: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines"
486:
While these side effects are not common (less than 10-20% of patients), many do report issues stemming from the placement and complication of the IVC while inside of the body.
504:
Filter fracture: Broken struts migrate to retroperitoneum, requiring exploration. Also struts can migrate to the heart and can cause pericardial effusion and tamponade.
2353:
Williams R, Schenk W (1970). "A removable intracaval filter for prevention of pulmonary embolism: early experience with the use of the
Eichelter catheter in patients".
2011:
Grassi CJ, Matsumoto AH, Teitelbaum GP (1992). "Vena caval occlusion after Simon nitinol filter placement: identification with MR imaging in patients with malignancy".
1968:
Kim D, Edelman RR, Margolin CJ, Porter DH, McArdle CR, Schlam BW, Gianturco LE, Siegel JB, Simon M (1992). "The Simon nitinol filter: evaluation by MR and ultrasound".
957:"Executive summary: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines"
2226:
Shellock FG. Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Implants, and Devices: 2006 Edition. Los Angeles, Calif: Biomedical Research Publishing Group; 2006.
2472:
2415:
McKenzie S, et al. (2010). "An Australian experience of retrievable inferior vena cava filters in patients with increased risk of thromboembolic disease".
1489:
Kalavakunta, Jagadeesh K.; Thomas, Christopher S.; Gupta, Vishal (2009-11-01). "A needle through the heart: rare complication of inferior vena caval filters".
2171:
Frahm C, Gehl HB, Lorch H, Zwaan M, Drobnitzky M, Laub GA, Weiss HD (1998). "MR-guided placement of a temporary vena cava filter: technique and feasibility".
407:
552:
Studies of MR examination of both animals and humans, with implanted IVC filters, have not reported complications or symptomatic filter displacement.
1819:
Emerson, RH Jr.; Cross R; Head WC (1991). "Prophylactic and early therapeutic use of the Greenfield filter in hip and knee joint arthroplasty".
1413:
Ferris, EJ; McCowen TC; Carver DK; McFarland DR (1993). "Percutaneous inferior vena cava filters: follow-up of seven designs in 320 patients".
1621:
Puram, B; Maley TJ; White NM; Rotman HH; Miller G (1990). "Acute myocardial infarction resulting from the migration of a Greenfield filter".
1699:
Villard, J; Detry L; Clermont A; Pinet F (1987). "Eight cases of Greenfield filters in the right heart cavities: their surgical treatment".
555:
Several animal studies have even used "real-time" MR for the placement of IVC filters to check for rotation, sheering, and other artifacts.
337:
134:
1392:
344:. While IVC filters are associated with a long term risk of DVT, they are not, alone, reason enough to maintain extended anticoagulation.
246:
This is a maybe category; normally it represents patients who could benefit from an IVC filter, but may be just fine without one as well.
1559:
Howerton, RM; Watkins M; Feldman L (1991). "Late arterial hemorrhage secondary to a Greenfield filter requiring operative intervention".
2670:
1925:
Kiproff PM, Deeb ZL, Contractor FM, Khoury MB (1991). "Magnetic resonance characteristics of the LGM vena cava filter: technical note".
562:
For patients who have been denied MRI scans for safety reasons, doctors usually recommend the CT scan with contrast as an alternative.
2665:
198:
time that protection is needed to prevent pulmonary emboli from passing to the heart and lungs. One such guideline is outlined below:
2824:
2855:
2465:
425:
1058:
Mobin-Uddin K, Callard GM, Bolooki H, Rubinson R, Michie D, Jude JR (1972). "Transvenous caval interruption with umbrella filter".
592:(the large vein in the neck) or the arm veins with one design. Choice of route depends mainly on the number and location of any
230:
These are patients that should strongly consider having IVC filter placement, as they are at greatest risk of pulmonary embolus.
368:
Axial CT image confirms that one of the legs (arrow) of the IVC filter has migrated out of the IVC wall into an adjacent tissue.
122:
where it would form a pulmonary embolism. Their effectiveness and safety profile is well established, and they may be used when
2728:
209:
Uncertain risk of PE and/or lack of control for anticoagulation: Usually results in permanent filters for long term management
170:
1656:
Bach, JR; Zaneuski R; Lee H (1990). "Cardiac arrhythmias from a malpositioned Greenfield filter in a traumatic quadriplegic".
2753:
1356:
Greenfield, LJ; Peyton R; Crute S; Barnes R (1981). "Greenfield vena caval filter experience: late results in 156 patients".
320:
journalism of the type that reports interesting unusual causes and solutions of symptoms; in this instance, the symptom was
2287:"A case of deep venous thrombosis with a double inferior vena cava effectively treated by suprarenal filter implantation"
2860:
2850:
2634:
2458:
1231:
398:
360:
Abdominal radiograph shows that one of the legs (arrows) of the IVC filter is pointed away from the expected IVC lumen.
315:
Ability to retrieve the filter: No complications, no tear probability, no trauma probability; if so, remove temporary
1586:
Lahey, SJ; Meyer LP; Karchmer AW; et al. (1991). "Misplaced caval filter and subsequent pericardial tamponade".
1281:
324:. Physicians speculate that this problem is uncommon but nonetheless worth consideration in differential diagnosis.
96:
2503:
1718:
Poillaud, C; Paillard F; Biron Y; Gouffault J (1988). "Proximal migration of a caval filter: apropos of a case".
157:
2794:
2748:
2494:
519:
Filter Lodged in Heart: Causes life-threatening arrhythmia and often requires pacemakers to resolve condition.
500:
Numerous small published articles and case studies report describe similar issues to the above. Most notably:
769:
Holly, BP; Funaki, B; Lessne, ML (September 2018). "Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Why, Who, and for How Long?".
653:
2799:
2743:
356:
321:
545:
filter, as most of the steel, and other ferromagnetic material devices have been discontinued via the FDA.
2778:
2655:
2563:
2531:
606:
206:
Short-term risk of PE/Short-term contraindication of anticoagulation: Usually merits a retrievable filter
108:
621:
Retrievable filters are fitted with a device (varying from model to model) that allows them to be easily
1254:
888:
589:
234:
Proven VTE: Venous thromboembolism and contraindication or complication due to anticoagulation therapy
1393:"Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filters: initial Communication: Risk of Adverse Events with Long Term Usage"
174:
2733:
2213:
MRI safety. Institute for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Education, and Research Web site. Available at:
1450:"A complication of the Greenfield filter: fracture and distal migration of two struts, a case report"
393:
2692:
2687:
2639:
1890:
Watanabe AT, Teitelbaum GP, Gomes AS, Roehm JO Jr (1990). "MR imaging of the bird's nest filter".
1094:
364:
250:
Proven VTE: High risk of contraindication or complication to arise during anticoagulation therapy
2196:
2077:
1993:
1950:
1681:
1168:
794:
104:
100:
88:
1780:"Small-bowel obstruction from an extruded Greenfield filter strut: an unusual late complication"
513:
Misplaced Filter: Causes pericardiac tamponade requiring surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.
2682:
2625:
2424:
2397:
2362:
2335:
2308:
2267:
2188:
2153:
2118:
2069:
2028:
1985:
1942:
1907:
1872:
1836:
1801:
1760:
1673:
1638:
1603:
1568:
1541:
1506:
1498:
1471:
1430:
1373:
1338:
1320:
1209:
1160:
1116:
1075:
1040:
986:
932:
876:
835:
786:
751:
699:
309:
No expected near-term high-risk PE: Continuation of anticoagulation therapy, remove temporary
92:
55:
2543:
2489:
2481:
2389:
2298:
2257:
2249:
2180:
2145:
2108:
2059:
2020:
1977:
1934:
1899:
1864:
1828:
1791:
1750:
1665:
1630:
1595:
1533:
1461:
1422:
1365:
1328:
1312:
1199:
1150:
1106:
1067:
1030:
1022:
1009:
Guyatt, GH; Akl, EA; Crowther, M; SchĂĽnemann, HJ; Gutterman, DD; Lewis, SZ (February 2012).
976:
968:
924:
866:
827:
778:
741:
733:
689:
679:
166:
138:
332:
In those with initial acute proximal DVT or acute PE who had IVC filters placed instead of
36:
2711:
2677:
2621:
2511:
900:
341:
333:
142:
1369:
2697:
2601:
2578:
2555:
2526:
2262:
2237:
1537:
1333:
1300:
1035:
1010:
981:
956:
831:
746:
721:
694:
667:
622:
84:
60:
2149:
2024:
1832:
1524:
Appleberg, M; Crozier JA (1991). "Duodenal penetration by a Greenfield caval filter".
1111:
871:
854:
531:
Perforation of filter strut into small-bowel: Requires surgery to repair perforation.
2844:
2573:
2568:
2048:"Improved lumen visualization in metallic vascular implants by reducing RF artifacts"
1796:
1779:
1669:
1599:
1466:
1449:
446:
Common issues relating to failure, to include death (the other 4% of cases) include:
123:
2200:
2081:
1997:
1903:
1685:
1426:
1172:
798:
490:
9% (12 of 132 patients) delayed filter penetration of the IVC greater than 3 mm
2829:
2660:
1954:
1316:
737:
626:
585:
306:
Low risk of significant PE: Continued anticoagulation is working, remove temporary
254:
146:
173:. The Mobin-Uddin filter was later replaced by the Greenfield filter developed by
1868:
222:
developed the following guidelines to see if someone qualifies for implantation:
2773:
2738:
2720:
2606:
2521:
2516:
1071:
928:
17:
2393:
1981:
1138:
525:
Sudden Death: Caused by the filter migrating to an active region in the heart.
2819:
2765:
2611:
2444:
2236:
Kinney, Thomas; Cameron, S; Sass, P; Zoller, M; Wigler, M (1 September 2006).
1755:
1738:
782:
598:
593:
115:
1502:
1324:
625:
and pulled back into a catheter and removed from the body, often through the
507:
Perforation into the duodenum: Resulting in severe diarrhea and weight loss.
2184:
1634:
1204:
1187:
516:
Filter Migration to Right Atrium: Resulting in acute myocardial infarction.
259:
Poor compliance: INR levels are not stable, not taking medicine as directed
2428:
2401:
2339:
2312:
2271:
2157:
2113:
2096:
2073:
1510:
1342:
1213:
1164:
1044:
990:
936:
880:
839:
790:
755:
703:
185:
2366:
2253:
2192:
2122:
2032:
1989:
1946:
1911:
1876:
1840:
1805:
1764:
1677:
1642:
1607:
1572:
1545:
1475:
1434:
1377:
1120:
1079:
1026:
2538:
972:
581:
278:
Transient risk of VTE: Trauma, surgical procedures or medical conditions
2303:
2286:
684:
275:
No VTE: Anticoagulation therapy is not possible (high risk of bleeding)
69:
1938:
2064:
2047:
1155:
559:
person at all time, that can help isolate if it is safe to do an MRI.
2588:
262:
Thrombolysis: Iliocaval DVT's, which are emboli in the Illiac region
2450:
363:
355:
212:
Long-term risk of PE/recurrent PE/recurrent DVT: permanent filter
184:
2097:"MR imaging of inferior vena caval filters: safety and artifacts"
2592:
119:
2454:
1139:"The history and historical treatments of deep vein thrombosis"
496:
Caval filter migrated to heart or pulmonary artery (4 patients)
189:
Inferior vena cava filter as seen on plain X ray of the abdomen
1778:
Kupferschmid, JP; Dickson CS; Townsend RN; Diamond DL (1992).
1739:"Migration of the Simon nitinol vena cava filter to the chest"
1282:"When He Stood Up Quickly, He Sometimes Fainted. What Was It?"
376:
1301:"Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism"
722:"Vena caval filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism"
536:
than use an IVC, even if requested or referred via a doctor.
666:
De Gregorio, MA; Guirola, JA; Sierre, S (24 December 2021).
522:
Heart Migration: Requires surgery to remove IVC from heart.
2214:
1737:
LaPlante, JS; Contractor FM; Kiproff PM; Khoury MB (1993).
443:
heart filter remaining in place for longer than necessary.
340:
suggested, in 2012, that they receive a standard course of
1658:
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
1095:"Comment on "Treatment of venous disease — The innovators"
312:
Life expectancy of more than six months: Remove temporary
161:
Image showing an inferior vena cava filter in its position
1232:"Guidelines for the use of retrievable vena cava filters"
654:
http://www.cookmedical.com/di/di_front/images/dif_bu1.jpg
1275:
1273:
1271:
634:
237:
Recurrent VTE: Despite adequate anticoagulation therapy
177:
which had a lower rate of filter related complications.
812:
810:
808:
584:, access to the venous system can be obtained via the
510:
Arterial hemorrhage: Requires surgery to avoid death.
1448:
Taheri, SA; Kulaylat MN; Johnson E; Hoover E (1992).
2095:
Liebman CE, Messersmith RN, Levin DN, Lu CT (1988).
2812:
2787:
2764:
2719:
2710:
2648:
2620:
2587:
2554:
2502:
2488:
2380:Kaufman J (2004). "Retrievable vena cava filters".
493:
Parts of filter broke off in 2% (5 of 230 patients)
336:, and who have their risk of bleeding resolve, the
54:
46:
29:
403:This section needs editing and better referencing.
1299:Young, Tim; Sriram, Krishna Bajee (2020-10-08).
820:Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
528:Migration of Filter to Chest: Requires surgery.
715:
713:
618:application of nonpermanent vena cava filters.
303:No need for permanent filter: Remove temporary
2285:Mano, Tatsumi T; Sakai H; et al. (2004).
1132:
1130:
2466:
652:Gunther Tulip IVC Filter. Cook Medical. URL:
8:
2046:Bartels LW, Bakker CJ, Viergever MA (2002).
1395:. United States Food and Drug Administration
1255:"IVC filter placement in bariatric patients"
1305:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1137:Galanaud JP, Laroche JP, Righini M (2013).
726:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
439:significance of the use of long-term IVCs.
2716:
2499:
2473:
2459:
2451:
1225:
1223:
169:who published his findings in 1969 in the
41:Inferior vena cava filter - Gunther Tulip.
35:
2302:
2261:
2112:
2063:
1795:
1754:
1465:
1332:
1203:
1154:
1110:
1034:
980:
870:
745:
693:
683:
426:Learn how and when to remove this message
917:Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases
156:
1004:
1002:
1000:
950:
948:
946:
720:Young, T; Sriram, KB (8 October 2020).
645:
137:recommended IVC filters for those with
1720:Annales de Cardiology et d'Angéiologie
896:
886:
26:
1143:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
7:
2242:Seminars in Interventional Radiology
1370:10.1001/archsurg.1981.01380230065010
853:PREPIC Study, Group (19 July 2005).
635:Indications for removing IVC filters
338:American College of Chest Physicians
165:The first IVC filter was created by
135:American College of Chest Physicians
2671:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
588:(the large vein in the groin), the
294:Indications for removing IVC filter
65:
2666:Isolated organ perfusion technique
1538:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1991.tb00017.x
1491:The Journal of Invasive Cardiology
1280:Sanders, Lisa (30 November 2022).
832:10.1097/01.rvi.0000203418-39769.0d
145:who either have acute PE or acute
25:
2101:American Journal of Roentgenology
1743:American Journal of Roentgenology
872:10.1161/circulationaha.104.512834
656:. Accessed on: November 24, 2007.
114:The filter is designed to trap a
1670:10.1097/00002060-199010000-00005
381:
2729:Digital subtraction angiography
1904:10.1148/radiology.177.2.2217801
1427:10.1148/radiology.188.3.8351361
1060:New England Journal of Medicine
171:New England Journal of Medicine
2754:Magnetic resonance angiography
1391:Food and Drug Administration.
1317:10.1002/14651858.CD006212.pub5
738:10.1002/14651858.CD006212.pub5
118:and prevent its travel to the
103:to prevent a life-threatening
1:
2825:Ankle–brachial pressure index
2150:10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61448-1
2025:10.1016/s1051-0443(92)72008-9
1857:Archives of Internal Medicine
1833:10.1016/s0883-5403(11)80007-0
1188:"Kazi Mobin-Uddin, 1930-1999"
1112:10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70156-7
605:setting of contrast allergy,
482:Less common adverse reactions
147:proximal deep vein thrombosis
2635:Endovascular aneurysm repair
2238:"Inferior Vena Cava Filters"
1869:10.1001/archinte.147.12.2177
1797:10.1016/0741-5214(92)90427-a
1600:10.1016/0003-4975(91)90805-z
1467:10.1016/0741-5214(92)90424-7
672:Journal of Clinical Medicine
566:Labeling and recommendations
465:Perforation of the vena cava
1927:Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol
1784:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1454:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1192:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1099:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1072:10.1056/NEJM197201132860202
929:10.1016/j.soard.2006.03.009
450:Device-associated morbidity
401:. The specific problem is:
97:interventional radiologists
2877:
2394:10.1053/j.tvir.2004.02.006
1982:10.1177/000331979204300701
1588:Annals of Thoracic Surgery
397:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
2217:. Accessed June 19, 2006.
1756:10.2214/ajr.160.2.8424358
783:10.1016/j.ccm.2018.04.015
771:Clinics in Chest Medicine
462:Insertion-site thrombosis
81:inferior vena cava filter
66:
34:
30:Inferior vena cava filter
2856:Interventional radiology
2795:Intravascular ultrasound
2749:Radionuclide angiography
2215:http://www.MRIsafety.com
474:Thrombotic complications
267:Prophylactic indications
2800:Carotid ultrasonography
2744:Fluorescein angiography
2417:International Angiology
2382:Tech Vasc Interv Radiol
2185:10.1002/jmri.1880080121
1821:Journal of Arthroplasty
1635:10.1378/chest.98.6.1510
1205:10.1067/mva.2000.108645
915:consensus conference".
322:orthostatic hypotension
194:temporary IVC filters.
124:anticoagulant treatment
2779:Impedance phlebography
2656:Cardiopulmonary bypass
2564:Ambulatory phlebectomy
2532:Carotid endarterectomy
2291:Japanese Heart Journal
2114:10.2214/ajr.150.5.1174
1526:ANZ Journal of Surgery
607:chronic kidney disease
369:
361:
190:
162:
109:venous thromboembolism
87:made of metal that is
2254:10.1055/s-2006-948760
1027:10.1378/chest.11-2286
590:internal jugular vein
367:
359:
253:Large, free-floating
217:Indication categories
188:
160:
2734:Cerebral angiography
2495:Endovascular surgery
2173:J Magn Reson Imaging
2138:J Vasc Interv Radiol
2013:J Vasc Interv Radiol
1186:Hussain, SA (1999).
1021:(2 Suppl): 48S–52S.
973:10.1378/chest.1412S3
477:Vena cava thrombosis
408:improve this article
242:Relative indications
226:Absolute indications
2861:Vascular procedures
2851:Implants (medicine)
2693:Seldinger technique
2688:First rib resection
2640:Open aortic surgery
2304:10.1536/jhj.45.1063
1701:Annals of Radiology
1567:(3 Pt 1): 265–268.
1358:Archives of Surgery
967:(2 Suppl): 7S–47S.
685:10.3390/jcm11010077
456:Filter embolization
126:is not sufficient.
1939:10.1007/bf02578474
1286:The New York Times
899:has generic name (
370:
362:
191:
163:
149:(above the knee).
105:pulmonary embolism
101:inferior vena cava
2838:
2837:
2808:
2807:
2706:
2705:
2683:Revascularization
2065:10.1002/mrm.10004
1863:(12): 2177–2179.
1364:(11): 1451–1456.
1234:. Touch Briefings
1156:10.1111/jth.12127
1093:Cain, PG (1995).
436:
435:
428:
399:quality standards
390:This article may
373:FDA communication
283:Other indications
139:contraindications
93:vascular surgeons
77:
76:
16:(Redirected from
2868:
2813:Other diagnostic
2717:
2544:Carotid stenting
2504:Arterial disease
2500:
2482:Vascular surgery
2475:
2468:
2461:
2452:
2433:
2432:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2334:(ECR30): ECR30.
2323:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2297:(6): 1063–1069.
2282:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2107:(5): 1174–1176.
2092:
2086:
2085:
2067:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1629:(6): 1510–1511.
1618:
1612:
1611:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1497:(11): E221–223.
1486:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1311:(10): CD006212.
1296:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1114:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1006:
995:
994:
984:
952:
941:
940:
911:
905:
904:
898:
894:
892:
884:
874:
850:
844:
843:
814:
803:
802:
766:
760:
759:
749:
732:(12): CD006212.
717:
708:
707:
697:
687:
663:
657:
650:
453:Device migration
431:
424:
420:
417:
411:
385:
384:
377:
175:Lazar Greenfield
167:Kazi Mobin-Uddin
70:edit on Wikidata
39:
27:
21:
18:Vena cava filter
2876:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2804:
2783:
2760:
2712:Medical imaging
2702:
2678:Vascular access
2644:
2622:Aortic aneurysm
2616:
2583:
2550:
2512:Vascular bypass
2493:
2484:
2479:
2447:- emedicine.com
2441:
2436:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2361:(6): 999–1008.
2352:
2351:
2347:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2208:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1532:(12): 957–960.
1523:
1522:
1518:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1279:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1257:. Endovsc Today
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1008:
1007:
998:
954:
953:
944:
913:
912:
908:
895:
885:
852:
851:
847:
816:
815:
806:
768:
767:
763:
719:
718:
711:
665:
664:
660:
651:
647:
643:
615:
577:
568:
542:
484:
459:Filter fracture
432:
421:
415:
412:
405:
386:
382:
375:
350:
342:anticoagulation
334:anticoagulation
330:
328:Anticoagulation
296:
285:
269:
244:
228:
219:
183:
155:
143:anticoagulation
73:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2725:
2723:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2698:Vascular snare
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:Venous cutdown
2598:
2596:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2579:Vein stripping
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2556:Venous disease
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2527:Endarterectomy
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2440:
2439:External links
2437:
2435:
2434:
2407:
2372:
2345:
2318:
2277:
2248:(3): 230–239.
2228:
2219:
2206:
2179:(1): 105–109.
2163:
2144:(6): 753–756.
2128:
2087:
2058:(1): 171–180.
2052:Magn Reson Med
2038:
2019:(3): 535–539.
2003:
1976:(7): 541–548.
1960:
1933:(4): 254–255.
1917:
1898:(2): 578–579.
1882:
1846:
1827:(2): 129–135.
1811:
1790:(1): 113–115.
1770:
1749:(2): 385–386.
1729:
1710:
1691:
1664:(5): 251–253.
1648:
1613:
1594:(2): 299–300.
1578:
1551:
1516:
1481:
1440:
1421:(3): 851–856.
1405:
1383:
1348:
1291:
1267:
1245:
1219:
1178:
1126:
1085:
1050:
996:
942:
906:
845:
826:(3): 449–459.
804:
777:(3): 645–650.
761:
709:
658:
644:
642:
639:
614:
611:
576:
573:
567:
564:
541:
538:
533:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
498:
497:
494:
491:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
434:
433:
416:September 2017
389:
387:
380:
374:
371:
349:
346:
329:
326:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
295:
292:
291:
290:
284:
281:
280:
279:
276:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
257:
251:
243:
240:
239:
238:
235:
227:
224:
218:
215:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
182:
179:
154:
151:
85:medical device
75:
74:
67:
64:
63:
61:Cardiovascular
58:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2873:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Sclerotherapy
2572:
2570:
2569:Laser surgery
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:(2): 96–104.
2387:
2383:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:Haematologica
2322:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1256:
1253:Baumann, DS.
1249:
1246:
1233:
1230:Kaufman, JA.
1226:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1149:(3): 402–11.
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
949:
947:
943:
938:
934:
930:
926:
923:(2): 200–12.
922:
918:
910:
907:
902:
897:|first1=
890:
882:
878:
873:
868:
865:(3): 416–22.
864:
860:
856:
849:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
813:
811:
809:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
762:
757:
753:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
714:
710:
705:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
662:
659:
655:
649:
646:
640:
638:
636:
630:
628:
624:
619:
612:
610:
608:
602:
600:
595:
591:
587:
583:
574:
572:
565:
563:
560:
556:
553:
550:
546:
539:
537:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:
501:
495:
492:
489:
488:
487:
481:
476:
473:
470:
468:Recurrent DVT
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
447:
444:
440:
430:
427:
419:
409:
404:
400:
396:
395:
388:
379:
378:
372:
366:
358:
354:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
327:
325:
323:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
300:
293:
287:
286:
282:
277:
274:
273:
272:
266:
261:
258:
256:
255:proximal DVTs
252:
249:
248:
247:
241:
236:
233:
232:
231:
225:
223:
216:
211:
208:
205:
201:
200:
199:
195:
187:
180:
178:
176:
172:
168:
159:
152:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:In 2012, the
131:
127:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
71:
62:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
38:
33:
28:
19:
2830:Toe pressure
2661:Cardioplegia
2423:(1): 53–57.
2420:
2416:
2410:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2222:
2209:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1460:(1): 96–99.
1457:
1453:
1443:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1397:. Retrieved
1386:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1285:
1259:. Retrieved
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1198:(2): 406–7.
1195:
1191:
1181:
1146:
1142:
1105:(3): 341–2.
1102:
1098:
1088:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1018:
1014:
964:
960:
920:
916:
909:
889:cite journal
862:
858:
848:
823:
819:
774:
770:
764:
729:
725:
675:
671:
661:
648:
631:
627:jugular vein
620:
616:
603:
586:femoral vein
578:
569:
561:
557:
554:
551:
547:
543:
534:
499:
485:
471:Recurrent PE
445:
441:
437:
422:
413:
406:Please help
402:
391:
351:
348:Side effects
331:
318:
297:
270:
245:
229:
220:
196:
192:
181:Medical uses
164:
132:
128:
113:
80:
78:
2774:Portography
2739:Aortography
2721:Angiography
2607:Arteriotomy
2522:Atherectomy
2517:Angioplasty
2445:IVC filters
1238:20 December
1066:(2): 55–8.
859:Circulation
410:if you can.
47:Other names
2845:Categories
2820:Angioscopy
2788:Ultrasound
2766:Venography
2626:dissection
2612:Phlebotomy
1726:: 129–131.
1707:: 102–104.
1399:2015-03-15
1261:2012-10-11
641:References
599:renal vein
594:blood clot
116:blood clot
50:IVC filter
1970:Angiology
1892:Radiology
1503:1557-2501
1415:Radiology
1325:1469-493X
678:(1): 77.
613:Retrieval
582:catheters
575:Placement
99:into the
89:implanted
56:Specialty
2589:Arterial
2539:Stenting
2490:Vascular
2429:20224533
2402:15252767
2340:16785133
2313:15655283
2272:21326769
2201:30617216
2158:11389228
2082:24558910
2074:11754456
1998:33310735
1686:36313307
1511:19901424
1343:33027844
1214:10918004
1173:23288926
1165:23297815
1045:22315255
991:22315257
937:16925346
881:16009794
840:16567669
799:52041660
791:30122187
756:33027844
704:35011826
392:require
289:therapy.
107:(PE) or
2367:5483252
2355:Surgery
2263:3036373
2193:9500268
2123:3258722
2033:1515724
1990:1626731
1955:5815275
1947:1913742
1912:2217801
1877:3500686
1841:1875203
1806:1619711
1765:8424358
1678:2222985
1643:2245696
1608:1989549
1573:2000557
1561:Surgery
1546:1755779
1476:1619731
1435:8351361
1378:7305658
1334:8971091
1121:7674480
1080:5006878
1036:3278068
982:3278060
747:8971091
695:8745208
394:cleanup
203:surgery
153:History
111:(VTE).
2595:access
2593:venous
2427:
2400:
2365:
2338:
2311:
2270:
2260:
2199:
2191:
2156:
2121:
2080:
2072:
2031:
1996:
1988:
1953:
1945:
1910:
1875:
1839:
1804:
1763:
1684:
1676:
1641:
1606:
1571:
1544:
1509:
1501:
1474:
1433:
1376:
1341:
1331:
1323:
1212:
1171:
1163:
1119:
1078:
1043:
1033:
989:
979:
935:
879:
838:
797:
789:
754:
744:
702:
692:
623:snared
2649:Other
2330:. 6.
2197:S2CID
2078:S2CID
1994:S2CID
1951:S2CID
1682:S2CID
1623:Chest
1169:S2CID
1015:Chest
961:Chest
822:. 3.
795:S2CID
83:is a
68:[
2591:and
2492:and
2425:PMID
2398:PMID
2363:PMID
2336:PMID
2309:PMID
2268:PMID
2189:PMID
2154:PMID
2119:PMID
2070:PMID
2029:PMID
1986:PMID
1943:PMID
1908:PMID
1873:PMID
1837:PMID
1802:PMID
1761:PMID
1674:PMID
1639:PMID
1604:PMID
1569:PMID
1542:PMID
1507:PMID
1499:ISSN
1472:PMID
1431:PMID
1374:PMID
1339:PMID
1321:ISSN
1240:2010
1210:PMID
1161:PMID
1117:PMID
1076:PMID
1041:PMID
987:PMID
933:PMID
901:help
877:PMID
836:PMID
787:PMID
752:PMID
700:PMID
120:lung
2390:doi
2299:doi
2258:PMC
2250:doi
2181:doi
2146:doi
2109:doi
2105:150
2060:doi
2021:doi
1978:doi
1935:doi
1900:doi
1896:177
1865:doi
1861:147
1829:doi
1792:doi
1751:doi
1747:160
1666:doi
1631:doi
1596:doi
1565:109
1534:doi
1462:doi
1423:doi
1419:188
1366:doi
1362:116
1329:PMC
1313:doi
1200:doi
1151:doi
1107:doi
1068:doi
1064:286
1031:PMC
1023:doi
1019:141
977:PMC
969:doi
965:141
925:doi
867:doi
863:112
828:doi
779:doi
742:PMC
734:doi
690:PMC
680:doi
637:).
540:MRI
141:to
95:or
91:by
79:An
2847::
2624:/
2421:29
2419:.
2396:.
2384:.
2359:68
2357:.
2332:91
2307:.
2295:45
2293:.
2289:.
2266:.
2256:.
2246:23
2244:.
2240:.
2195:.
2187:.
2175:.
2152:.
2142:12
2140:.
2117:.
2103:.
2099:.
2076:.
2068:.
2056:47
2054:.
2050:.
2027:.
2015:.
1992:.
1984:.
1974:43
1972:.
1949:.
1941:.
1931:14
1929:.
1906:.
1894:.
1871:.
1859:.
1835:.
1823:.
1800:.
1788:16
1786:.
1782:.
1759:.
1745:.
1741:.
1724:37
1722:.
1705:30
1703:.
1680:.
1672:.
1662:69
1660:.
1637:.
1627:98
1625:.
1602:.
1592:51
1590:.
1563:.
1540:.
1530:61
1528:.
1505:.
1495:21
1493:.
1470:.
1458:16
1456:.
1452:.
1429:.
1417:.
1372:.
1360:.
1337:.
1327:.
1319:.
1309:10
1307:.
1303:.
1284:.
1270:^
1222:^
1208:.
1196:32
1194:.
1190:.
1167:.
1159:.
1147:11
1145:.
1141:.
1129:^
1115:.
1103:22
1101:.
1097:.
1074:.
1062:.
1039:.
1029:.
1017:.
1013:.
999:^
985:.
975:.
963:.
959:.
945:^
931:.
919:.
893::
891:}}
887:{{
875:.
861:.
857:.
834:.
824:17
807:^
793:.
785:.
775:39
773:.
750:.
740:.
730:10
728:.
724:.
712:^
698:.
688:.
676:11
674:.
670:.
601:.
2628::
2474:e
2467:t
2460:v
2431:.
2404:.
2392::
2386:7
2369:.
2342:.
2315:.
2301::
2274:.
2252::
2203:.
2183::
2177:8
2160:.
2148::
2125:.
2111::
2084:.
2062::
2035:.
2023::
2017:3
2000:.
1980::
1957:.
1937::
1914:.
1902::
1879:.
1867::
1843:.
1831::
1825:6
1808:.
1794::
1767:.
1753::
1688:.
1668::
1645:.
1633::
1610:.
1598::
1575:.
1548:.
1536::
1513:.
1478:.
1464::
1437:.
1425::
1402:.
1380:.
1368::
1345:.
1315::
1288:.
1264:.
1242:.
1216:.
1202::
1175:.
1153::
1123:.
1109::
1082:.
1070::
1047:.
1025::
993:.
971::
939:.
927::
921:2
903:)
883:.
869::
842:.
830::
801:.
781::
758:.
736::
706:.
682::
429:)
423:(
418:)
414:(
72:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
