185:
926:
592:
192:
412:
1738:
252:
651:
291:, but would soon spread throughout Europe and remain the standard for defence until the 19th century. In 2017, six of these fortifications in Italy, Croatia, and Montenegro were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list. These six sites provide quintessential examples of this fort design, demonstrate the influence of Renaissance-era Venice, and pay testimony to a major advancement in the history of warfare.
532:
54:
352:
472:
1752:
1609:
1604:
903:
184:
1495:
670:
611:
491:
431:
551:
371:
147:
1714:
1178:
299:
The sites that make up the World
Heritage site demonstrate the breadth of the architectural styles and fortresses employed by the Venetians. Built in the 15th century, the fortified town of
805:
1545:
1059:
1281:
1411:
1707:
17:
1747:
798:
1792:
1700:
1256:
1052:
1723:
1599:
1797:
791:
814:
1802:
1141:
1045:
1068:
1165:
1303:
1560:
755:
Advisory Body
Evaluation (ICOMOS): The Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th Centuries (Italy, Croatia, Montenegro): No 1533
1588:
1817:
1173:
64:
908:
191:
1807:
315:
were built, showing the addition of a more complex and centralized system of bastions, walls, and moats. The defences at
1160:
845:
140:
1323:
43:
1447:
1318:
925:
275:, came significant shifts in military strategy and fort design. One of these changes was the development of the
1406:
1094:
116:
1812:
1737:
1757:
1529:
1519:
1454:
1251:
1242:
644:
1579:
1458:
974:
941:
854:
600:
1574:
584:
480:
312:
723:"Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar"
1592:
1505:
1261:
825:
18:
Venetian Works of
Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar
1624:
1570:
1555:
1338:
836:
405:
320:
260:
225:
92:
659:
288:
233:
1328:
1423:
1124:
1115:
874:
303:
is the oldest site, displaying a transitional period between traditional fortress design and
1515:
1500:
1238:
1146:
1084:
859:
591:
53:
1490:
1472:
1200:
1154:
1076:
998:
411:
1373:
244:
1368:
1150:
982:
850:
251:
238:
1786:
1692:
1482:
1437:
1353:
1333:
1291:
1233:
1128:
229:
531:
1396:
1136:
1120:
778:
650:
540:
276:
783:
1605:
Ancient and
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
904:
Ancient and
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
1668:
1640:
1524:
1428:
1391:
1383:
1037:
1022:
869:
754:
351:
1727:
1681:
1510:
1462:
1401:
1229:
1190:
1110:
945:
891:
663:
82:
685:
672:
626:
613:
566:
553:
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433:
386:
373:
162:
149:
1619:
1583:
1313:
1309:
1214:
913:
830:
465:
324:
264:
1765:
864:
471:
1771:
1664:
1646:
1433:
1225:
1208:
1014:
1010:
978:
840:
753:
International
Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (27 January 2016).
360:
1677:
1660:
1652:
1614:
1565:
1550:
1467:
1415:
1266:
1219:
1132:
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970:
966:
962:
604:
544:
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308:
284:
72:
105:
1656:
1496:
Arab-Norman
Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale
1442:
1363:
1343:
1299:
1276:
1271:
1246:
1182:
1106:
1002:
986:
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881:
722:
420:
272:
268:
222:
729:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
1419:
1358:
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1089:
1018:
994:
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896:
525:
484:
424:
364:
316:
300:
250:
77:
1348:
1696:
1041:
787:
212:
Venetian Works of
Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries:
31:
Venetian Works of
Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries:
924:
1753:
Venetian Works of
Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
1610:
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
887:
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
1282:
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto
283:
fortifications, with a polygon-shaped fortress with
1546:
Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)
1538:
1481:
1382:
1290:
1199:
1075:
335:
307:design. In the 16th century, the fortifications in
139:
131:
123:
111:
101:
91:
63:
42:
287:at the corners. These designs originated from the
1768:(with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia)
1748:Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
1708:
1319:Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme
1053:
799:
58:The fortress at Palmanova, one of the 6 sites
8:
259:With the increase in firearm warfare in the
30:
1715:
1701:
1693:
1600:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
1060:
1046:
1038:
806:
792:
784:
329:
52:
29:
1412:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
1257:Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles
748:
746:
744:
717:
715:
713:
709:
1142:Residences of the Royal House of Savoy
130:
122:
110:
100:
90:
62:
7:
327:were completed in the 17th century.
255:The extent of the Republic of Venice
1304:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
200:Location of the World Heritage Site
1793:World Heritage Sites in Montenegro
25:
1736:
1501:Archaeological Area of Agrigento
649:
590:
530:
470:
410:
350:
190:
183:
135:1,749.62 ha (4,323.4 acres)
1798:World Heritage Sites in Croatia
1174:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
826:Cathedral of St. James, Šibenik
815:World Heritage Sites in Croatia
1589:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
1179:Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont
909:Northern Velebit National Park
242:) and its Domains of the Sea (
1:
1803:World Heritage Sites in Italy
1069:World Heritage Sites in Italy
1161:Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
727:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
127:378.37 ha (935.0 acres)
1834:
97:Cultural: (iii), (iv)
45:UNESCO World Heritage Site
27:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1743:
1734:
1635:
1308:Etruscan Necropolises of
936:
922:
835:Episcopal Complex of the
821:
643:
583:
523:
463:
403:
343:
338:
332:
236:on its mainland domains (
178:
51:
1762:(with Italy and Croatia)
1407:Castel del Monte, Apulia
1169:of Piedmont and Lombardy
1818:Venetian fortifications
1758:Fortifications of Kotor
1673:with 17 other countries
1530:Villa Romana del Casale
1520:Necropolis of Pantalica
1455:Royal Palace of Caserta
1252:Orto botanico di Padova
1243:Torre della Ghirlandina
645:Fortified City of Kotor
1459:Aqueduct of Vanvitelli
1339:Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
975:Bosnia and Herzegovina
942:Bosnia and Herzegovina
930:
587:, Šibenik-Knin County
256:
1575:Campello sul Clitunno
1247:Piazza Grande, Modena
928:
686:42.42361°N 18.77194°E
627:43.72139°N 15.85472°E
567:44.11167°N 15.23028°E
507:45.90611°N 13.30972°E
481:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
447:45.43889°N 10.69417°E
321:Peschiera del Garda
271:came to dominate the
254:
1808:Domini di Terraferma
1724:World Heritage Sites
1262:Porticoes of Bologna
855:Palace of Diocletian
524:Defensive System of
387:45.70333°N 9.66361°E
163:45.70333°N 9.66361°E
1625:Peschiera del Garda
1571:Temple of Clitumnus
1556:Cividale del Friuli
837:Euphrasian Basilica
682: /
623: /
601:Šibenik-Knin County
563: /
503: /
443: /
406:Peschiera del Garda
383: /
261:early modern period
226:World Heritage Site
159: /
39:
1463:San Leucio Complex
931:
691:42.42361; 18.77194
660:Kotor Municipality
632:43.72139; 15.85472
585:Fort of St. Nikola
572:44.11167; 15.23028
512:45.90611; 13.30972
452:45.43889; 10.69417
404:Fortified City of
344:Fortified City of
313:Fort of St. Nikola
289:Republic of Venice
257:
234:Republic of Venice
1780:
1779:
1761:
1690:
1689:
1593:Monte Sant'Angelo
1506:Barumini nuraghes
1424:Certosa di Padula
1116:Monte San Giorgio
1035:
1034:
702:
701:
698:
639:
579:
519:
464:City Fortress of
459:
399:
392:45.70333; 9.66361
209:
208:
168:45.70333; 9.66361
16:(Redirected from
1825:
1755:
1740:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1694:
1239:Modena Cathedral
1147:Rhaetian Railway
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1055:
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860:Stari Grad Plain
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132:Buffer zone
56:
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40:
21:
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1783:
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1491:Aeolian Islands
1477:
1473:Sassi di Matera
1448:Historic Centre
1378:
1329:Hadrian's Villa
1286:
1224:Le Colline del
1195:
1095:Historic center
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999:North Macedonia
932:
929:Flag of Croatia
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228:comprising six
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87:
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28:
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11:
5:
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1065:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
983:Czech Republic
959:
958:and Montenegro
952:
937:
934:
933:
923:
921:
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911:
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846:Plitvice Lakes
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408:
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348:
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239:Stato da Terra
214:Stato da Terra
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143:
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33:Stato da Terra
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10:
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2:
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1438:Villa Poppaea
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1354:San Gimignano
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1334:Medici villas
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1234:Valdobbiadene
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1085:Crespi d'Adda
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232:built by the
231:
230:bastion forts
227:
224:
220:
219:
215:
186:
177:
172:
144:
142:
138:
134:
126:
118:
114:
107:
104:
96:
94:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
68:
66:
55:
50:
47:
41:
38:
34:
19:
1813:Stato da Màr
1561:Castelseprio
1397:Amalfi Coast
1374:Villa d'Este
1166:
1137:Cinque Terre
1121:Porto Venere
886:
870:Cista Velika
779:Bastion fort
759:. Retrieved
731:. Retrieved
726:
541:Zadar County
305:alla moderna
304:
298:
281:alla moderna
280:
277:bastion fort
258:
245:Stato da Màr
243:
237:
218:Stato da Mar
217:
213:
211:
210:
37:Stato da Mar
36:
32:
1669:Switzerland
1641:Switzerland
1591:located at
1582:located at
1580:Santa Sofia
1573:located at
1539:Countrywide
1525:Val di Noto
1429:Herculaneum
1392:Alberobello
1369:Val d'Orcia
1167:Sacri Monti
1023:Switzerland
689: /
630: /
570: /
510: /
450: /
390: /
273:battlefield
166: /
141:Coordinates
115:2017 (41st
112:Inscription
1787:Categories
1728:Montenegro
1682:Montenegro
1511:Mount Etna
1402:Appian Way
1230:Conegliano
1191:Monferrato
1157:Landscapes
1111:Sabbioneta
946:Montenegro
705:References
677:18°46′19″E
674:42°25′25″N
664:Montenegro
618:15°51′17″E
615:43°43′17″N
558:15°13′49″E
498:13°18′35″E
495:45°54′22″N
438:10°41′39″E
435:45°26′20″N
375:45°42′12″N
295:Properties
216:– Western
151:45°42′12″N
83:Montenegro
35:– Western
1645:with the
1620:Palmanova
1584:Benevento
1314:Tarquinia
1310:Cerveteri
1215:Dolomites
1201:Northeast
1077:Northwest
914:Paklenica
853:with the
831:Dubrovnik
555:44°6′42″N
466:Palmanova
378:9°39′49″E
339:Location
325:Palmanova
267:when the
265:gunpowder
154:9°39′49″E
102:Reference
1772:Durmitor
1665:Slovenia
1647:Holy See
1516:Syracuse
1434:Oplontis
1324:Florence
1226:Prosecco
1209:Aquileia
1125:Palmaria
1015:Slovenia
1011:Slovakia
979:Bulgaria
875:Dubravka
773:See also
757:(Report)
361:Lombardy
311:and the
285:bulwarks
93:Criteria
65:Location
1678:Croatia
1661:Germany
1653:Austria
1615:Bergamo
1566:Spoleto
1551:Brescia
1483:Islands
1468:Pompeii
1416:Paestum
1292:Central
1267:Ravenna
1220:Ferrara
1155:Bernina
1149:in the
1133:Tinetto
1027:Ukraine
1007:Romania
991:Germany
971:Belgium
967:Austria
963:Albania
892:Šibenik
605:Croatia
545:Croatia
346:Bergamo
309:Bergamo
117:Session
73:Croatia
1766:Stećak
1667:, and
1657:France
1443:Naples
1364:Urbino
1344:Pienza
1300:Assisi
1277:Verona
1272:Venice
1183:Langhe
1151:Albula
1107:Mantua
1003:Poland
987:France
950:Serbia
882:Trogir
865:Stećak
761:22 May
733:22 May
421:Veneto
336:Image
323:, and
269:cannon
223:UNESCO
1676:with
1651:with
1639:with
1420:Velia
1384:South
1359:Siena
1187:Roero
1102:Ivrea
1090:Genoa
1019:Spain
995:Italy
961:with
956:Italy
954:with
940:with
897:Zadar
851:Split
841:Poreč
526:Zadar
485:Italy
425:Italy
365:Italy
333:Site
317:Zadar
301:Kotor
279:, or
221:is a
78:Italy
1680:and
1518:and
1461:and
1436:and
1418:and
1349:Rome
1312:and
1302:and
1245:and
1213:The
1189:and
1131:and
1129:Tino
1109:and
1025:and
948:and
763:2021
735:2021
124:Area
106:1533
1726:in
1228:di
657:Mon
598:Cro
538:Cro
478:Ita
418:Ita
358:Ita
263:of
248:).
1789::
1663:,
1659:,
1655:,
1457:,
1422:,
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1241:,
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1135:,
1127:,
1123:,
1021:,
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993:,
989:,
985:,
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977:,
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969:,
965:,
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839:,
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725:.
712:^
662:,
603:,
543:,
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1756:(
1716:e
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765:.
737:.
119:)
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