1643:
1649:
122:
1667:
480:
Hou, Lianhai (1997) "Mesozoic Birds of China" Institute of
Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China. Published by the Phoenix Valley Provincial Aviary of Taiwan. In Chinese, translated by Will Downs, Bilby Research Center, Northern Arizona University, January,
374:
was published in 1997, it would be the senior synonym and take priority. However, there is no consensus over whether or not they are actually synonyms, and some scientists continue to regard them as separate species.
409:) gave little anatomical detail and few comparisons to other taxa, and later researchers have concluded that this was not an adequate description to establish the new name, and it is now regarded as a
394:
had been lost, and existing casts were of too poor a quality to be decisive. Thus they conclude that it will be impossible to verify whether the two are the same species, unless the holotype of
390:
but, also, distinct differences in some characters from the written description. They sought to compare the two specimens but learned from Dr. Hou in 2001 that the holotype
330:
fossil is in the collection of the
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its catalog number is CAGS 130722. The fossil was found in
490:
Xu, G.L., Yang, Y.S., Deng, S.Y. (1999) First
Discovery of Mesozoic Bird Fossils in Hebei Province and its Significance. Regional Geology of China 18(4):444-448
460:
Zhang, Fucheng., Ericson, Per G.P., Zhou, Zhonghe. (2004) "Description of a new enantiornithine bird from the Early
Cretaceous of Hebei, northern China"
1747:
518:
1806:
1816:
338:, Senjitu, Fengning County, Hebei Province, China. However, later study of area geology showed that these rocks actually belong to the
1642:
1648:
511:
121:
1811:
1670:
615:
504:
1687:
1138:
1773:
1189:
279:
1075:
1801:
1734:
1089:
669:
758:
339:
926:
1417:
1285:
1242:
1168:
642:
116:
1778:
1424:
1145:
1117:
1760:
961:
821:
436:
Jin, F., Zhang, F.C., Li, Z.H., Zhang, J.Y., Li, C. and Zhou, Z.H. (2008). "On the horizon of
1765:
786:
465:
335:
331:
30:
1394:
1340:
1333:
1317:
1124:
1025:
779:
600:
584:
1725:
386:, and collected from the same locality. They noted several morphological similarities to
1545:
1470:
1438:
1383:
1362:
1269:
1217:
1061:
814:
737:
715:
681:
527:
319:
234:
221:
1795:
1623:
1292:
1251:
1224:
1046:
884:
877:
828:
382:
was described in 2004, the authors noted that it was nearly exactly the same size as
68:
1616:
1431:
1010:
982:
975:
919:
849:
793:
1719:
1570:
1529:
1506:
1445:
1376:
1355:
1306:
1278:
1258:
1161:
1110:
1053:
947:
940:
912:
898:
891:
863:
842:
800:
654:
411:
43:
1710:
1559:
1552:
1479:
1410:
1403:
1203:
1068:
1039:
996:
905:
870:
835:
566:
557:
179:
88:
53:
1602:
1588:
1537:
1459:
1369:
1347:
1326:
1299:
1210:
1153:
1103:
1096:
1082:
1017:
989:
954:
933:
807:
765:
751:
627:
575:
192:
133:
93:
37:
401:
The name "Hebeiornis" was published in 1999, based on the same specimen as
1704:
1486:
1452:
1196:
1175:
1131:
1032:
1003:
968:
856:
551:
362:
327:
166:
153:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
1752:
1609:
1595:
1231:
1182:
772:
205:
98:
73:
545:
143:
1681:
469:
315:
1739:
496:
440:
and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota."
1685:
538:
500:
370:, and "Hebeiornis", may be synonyms. If so, because the name
1694:
1569:
1505:
1469:
1393:
1316:
1268:
1241:
735:
680:
653:
626:
599:
456:
454:
512:
432:
430:
428:
8:
405:(CAGS 130722). However, the describers (Xu
1682:
1521:
743:
732:
659:
632:
605:
596:
535:
519:
505:
497:
20:
424:
7:
14:
462:Canadian Journal of Earth Science
348:was described in detail by Zhang
1666:
1665:
1647:
1641:
120:
1807:Early Cretaceous birds of Asia
334:rocks first attributed to the
1:
1817:Fossil taxa described in 2004
322:bird. One species is named,
1833:
1661:
1639:
1524:
746:
731:
712:
662:
635:
608:
595:
534:
285:
278:
117:Scientific classification
115:
23:
1516:Cau & Arduini, 2008)
442:Chinese Science Bulletin
1774:Paleobiology Database
292:Vescornis hebeiensis
1139:Piscivorenantiornis
340:Huajiying Formation
1243:Iberomesornithidae
271:V. hebeiensis
1789:
1788:
1761:Open Tree of Life
1688:Taxon identifiers
1679:
1678:
1657:
1656:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
822:Cuspirostrisornis
727:
726:
723:
722:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
398:is rediscovered.
356:Possible synonyms
307:
306:
259:
1824:
1812:Enantiornitheans
1782:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1683:
1669:
1668:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1581:
1580:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1076:Microenantiornis
787:Castignovolucris
744:
733:
660:
633:
606:
597:
590:
589:
536:
521:
514:
507:
498:
491:
488:
482:
478:
472:
464:41: 1097 - 1107
458:
449:
448:(18): 2820-2827.
434:
336:Yixian Formation
332:Early Cretaceous
294:
290:
253:
246:
233:
220:
125:
124:
110:
40:
31:Early Cretaceous
29:Temporal range:
21:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1751:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1690:
1680:
1675:
1653:
1646:
1629:
1574:
1573:
1565:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1465:
1395:Bohaiornithidae
1389:
1341:Dapingfangornis
1334:Camptodontornis
1318:Longipterygidae
1312:
1264:
1237:
1125:Paraprotopteryx
1090:Monoenantiornis
1026:Largirostrornis
780:Brevirostruavis
740:
719:
696:
676:
649:
622:
616:Avemetatarsalia
601:Avemetatarsalia
591:
585:Ornithothoraces
541:
540:
530:
525:
495:
494:
489:
485:
479:
475:
470:10.1139/E04-055
459:
452:
435:
426:
421:
360:The three taxa
358:
320:enantiornithine
303:
296:
288:
287:
274:
252:
244:
231:
218:
119:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1757:
1744:
1731:
1716:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1579:Chiappe, 1992)
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1546:Enantiophoenix
1542:
1534:
1525:
1519:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1473:
1471:Gobipterygidae
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1439:Parabohaiornis
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1384:Shengjingornis
1380:
1373:
1366:
1363:Longirostravis
1359:
1352:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1270:Pengornithidae
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1218:Yuanjiawaornis
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1062:Longchengornis
1058:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
815:Cruralispennia
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
759:Alethoalaornis
755:
747:
741:
738:Enantiornithes
736:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
716:Enantiornithes
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
695:
694:
693:
692:
686:
684:
682:Enantiornithes
678:
677:
675:
674:
673:
672:
663:
657:
651:
650:
648:
647:
646:
645:
636:
630:
624:
623:
621:
620:
619:
618:
609:
603:
593:
592:
588:
587:
578:
569:
560:
554:
548:
539:
532:
531:
528:Enantiornithes
526:
524:
523:
516:
509:
501:
493:
492:
483:
473:
450:
423:
422:
420:
417:
357:
354:
305:
304:
297:
283:
282:
276:
275:
267:
265:
261:
260:
242:
238:
237:
235:Gobipterygidae
229:
225:
224:
222:Enantiornithes
216:
209:
208:
203:
196:
195:
190:
183:
182:
177:
170:
169:
164:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
16:Genus of birds
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1829:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1650:
1644:
1626:
1625:
1624:Soroavisaurus
1621:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1293:Parapengornis
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:Iberomesornis
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1225:Yungavolucris
1222:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1047:Liaoningornis
1044:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
977:
973:
971:
970:
966:
964:
963:
959:
957:
956:
952:
950:
949:
945:
943:
942:
938:
936:
935:
931:
929:
928:
924:
922:
921:
917:
915:
914:
910:
908:
907:
903:
901:
900:
896:
894:
893:
889:
887:
886:
885:Eoenantiornis
882:
880:
879:
878:Eocathayornis
875:
873:
872:
868:
866:
865:
861:
859:
858:
854:
852:
851:
847:
845:
844:
840:
838:
837:
833:
831:
830:
829:Dalingheornis
826:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
796:
795:
791:
789:
788:
784:
782:
781:
777:
775:
774:
770:
768:
767:
763:
761:
760:
756:
754:
753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
734:
730:
718:
717:
711:
690:
689:
688:
687:
685:
683:
679:
671:
667:
666:
665:
664:
661:
658:
656:
652:
644:
640:
639:
638:
637:
634:
631:
629:
625:
617:
613:
612:
611:
610:
607:
604:
602:
598:
594:
586:
582:
579:
577:
573:
570:
568:
564:
561:
559:
555:
553:
549:
547:
543:
542:
537:
533:
529:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
503:
502:
499:
487:
484:
477:
474:
471:
467:
463:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
433:
431:
429:
425:
418:
416:
414:
413:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
373:
369:
365:
364:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:V. hebeiensis
321:
317:
313:
312:
301:
295:
293:
284:
281:
280:Binomial name
277:
273:
272:
266:
263:
262:
257:
251:
250:
243:
240:
239:
236:
230:
227:
226:
223:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1695:
1622:
1617:Neuquenornis
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1576:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1513:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1478:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1432:Longusunguis
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1257:
1250:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1011:Kizylkumavis
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
983:Ilerdopteryx
981:
976:Huoshanornis
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
927:Fortunguavis
925:
920:Fortipesavis
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
850:Elektorornis
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
794:Catenoleimus
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
714:
580:
571:
562:
486:
476:
461:
445:
441:
437:
410:
406:
402:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
377:
371:
367:
361:
359:
349:
345:
344:
323:
310:
309:
308:
299:
291:
286:
270:
269:
255:
248:
247:
212:
199:
186:
173:
160:
24:
18:
1802:Bird genera
1720:Wikispecies
1571:Avisauridae
1530:Bauxitornis
1507:Avisauridae
1446:Shenqiornis
1418:Gretcheniao
1377:Shanweiniao
1356:Longipteryx
1307:Yuanchuavis
1286:Eopengornis
1279:Chiappeavis
1259:Noguerornis
1169:Pterygornis
1162:Protopteryx
1111:Orienantius
1054:Liaoxiornis
948:Gracilornis
941:Grabauornis
913:Flexomornis
899:Falcatakely
892:Explorornis
864:Enantiornis
843:Elbretornis
801:Cathayornis
670:Maniraptora
655:Maniraptora
438:Protopteryx
412:nomen nudum
1796:Categories
1560:Mystiornis
1553:Halimornis
1480:Gobipteryx
1425:Linyiornis
1411:Bohaiornis
1404:Beiguornis
1204:Xiangornis
1146:Platanavis
1069:Martinavis
1040:Lenesornis
997:Incolornis
906:Feitianius
871:Eoalulavis
836:Dunhuangia
691:see belowโ
567:Dinosauria
558:Sauropsida
419:References
180:Saurischia
167:Dinosauria
1726:Vescornis
1696:Vescornis
1603:Intiornis
1589:Avisaurus
1538:Concornis
1495:Vescornis
1460:Zhouornis
1370:Rapaxavis
1348:Evgenavis
1327:Boluochia
1300:Pengornis
1211:Yatenavis
1190:Shangyang
1154:Praeornis
1118:Otogornis
1104:Nanantius
1097:Musivavis
1083:Mirusavis
1018:Kuszholia
990:Imparavis
955:Gurilynia
934:Gobipipus
808:Cratoavis
766:Alexornis
752:Abavornis
643:Theropoda
628:Theropoda
576:Theropoda
544:Kingdom:
403:Vescornis
380:Vescornis
368:Vescornis
352:in 2004.
346:Vescornis
311:Vescornis
264:Species:
249:Vescornis
193:Theropoda
140:Kingdom:
134:Eukaryota
36:122
25:Vescornis
1740:52571615
1711:Q7923149
1705:Wikidata
1671:Category
1487:Jibeinia
1453:Sulcavis
1197:Sinornis
1176:Qiliania
1132:Parvavis
1033:Lectavis
1004:Junornis
969:Houornis
962:Holbotia
857:Elsornis
552:Chordata
550:Phylum:
546:Animalia
396:Jibeinia
392:Jibeinia
388:Jibeinia
384:Jibeinia
372:Jibeinia
363:Jibeinia
328:holotype
228:Family:
154:Chordata
150:Phylum:
144:Animalia
130:Domain:
1766:4140824
1753:4966891
1610:Mirarce
1596:Gettyia
1232:Yuornis
1183:Sazavis
773:Avimaia
556:Class:
289:†
268:†
241:Genus:
206:Avialae
105:↓
1779:119300
407:et al.
350:et al.
326:. The
302:, 2004
300:et al.
298:Zhang
258:, 2004
256:et al.
254:Zhang
1577:sensu
1514:sensu
581:Clade
572:Clade
563:Clade
481:2001.
378:When
316:genus
314:is a
213:Clade
200:Clade
187:Clade
174:Clade
161:Clade
1748:GBIF
668:see
641:see
614:see
44:Pre๊
1735:EoL
466:doi
318:of
1798::
1776::
1763::
1750::
1737::
1722::
1707::
583::
574::
565::
453:^
446:53
444:,
427:^
415:.
366:,
342:.
215::
202::
189::
176::
163::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
1575:(
1541:?
1533:?
1512:(
1498:?
1490:?
1351:?
1157:?
1149:?
1057:?
1021:?
520:e
513:t
506:v
468::
245:โ
232:โ
219:โ
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:๊
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