2138:
41:
445:
with the US-owned importers to largely drive them from the UK market. Vestey developed the country-wide
Dewhurst the Butchers chain, which was eventually sold in 1995 in the face of increasing competition from the supermarket chains. Dewhurst was among the first retailers to introduce glass windows
405:
The Vestey family were estimated to be the second wealthiest family in
Britain (after the King) in 1940. In 1980, it was discovered that the company had operated a tax avoidance scheme, and Vestey Brothers was the largest privately owned multinational company and the largest retailer of meat in the
178:
Vestey Foods (incorporated 16 November 1994) owns Vestey Foods UK, Vestey Foods
Benelux, Vestey Foods France, Vestey Foods International, Vestey Foods Baltics, and Vestey Foods Middle East. The company's main business is in sourcing, processing and distribution of products made from meat, fish,
305:
in the
Americas could be transported and delivered fresh rather than canned, so they first experimented with a friend's cold store. The invention of the first ammonia-compression plant enabled refrigerated shipments, and their business grew.
538:
In 1946 the
Vesteys also became founders of Repremar Shipping, a Uruguay-based ship agency which was then taken over a few decades later by the Pena family, who to this day remain in control of the Repremar Group of Companies.
446:
in its butcher's shops – previously meat had been exposed to the elements and pollution. The business also owned the
Downsway supermarket group, which was based in East Anglia and had 80 stores at the time of its sale to rival
113:
group of companies comprising an international business focused mainly on food products and services. The company has owned vast holdings overseas, mainly in South
America and Australia, and continues to own some.
383:
to avoid paying income tax in the UK. The family later administered the business through a Paris trust that enabled it to legally avoid an estimated total of £88m in UK tax until the loophole was closed in 1991.
296:
William Vestey earlier worked in stockyards in
Chicago in the late 19th century, and realised that the meat waste could be used in products which were then in short supply in Britain. He and Edmund started a
1326:
1960:
1513:
1528:
1246:
2000:
1518:
208:
George Vestey has been CEO of Vestey
Holdings since 2010, and his brother Robin Non-Executive Chairman since 2013 (after becoming a main board director after their father
2162:
2018:
314:
The first expansion was into China, in the early 20th century, where the company developed a huge egg processing enterprise. Creating their own shipping company, the
1912:
1319:
1476:
2177:
593:
government. In March 2006, the Group reached an agreement with the
Venezuelan government, ceding two ranches to the state while retaining ownership of eight.
1706:
1701:
1696:
2141:
1312:
1134:
1083:
1917:
2172:
1950:
1196:
1023:
1990:
1678:
1256:
496:
1735:
1674:
1335:
1927:
589:
in 2005, state troops occupied a cattle ranch owned by the Vestey Group, under a 2001 land use reform programme instituted by the
2050:
1658:
1653:
1471:
392:
202:
1643:
1578:
1498:
481:
198:
1402:
472:
as cheap labour. They were paid less than a quarter of the minimum wage of non-Indigenous workers and sometimes only received
2067:
1985:
1493:
1159:
423:
388:
270:
227:
329:
as well as meatworks in Venezuela, Australia and Brazil, and meatworks in New Zealand and Argentina. In the UK, they bought
2023:
1978:
1486:
1346:
648:
577:
was broken up, and separate companies created to run farming, cold storage, and food import and distribution businesses.
491:
In 1966, this unfair treatment, coupled with earlier dispossession of their land by the colonial government, sparked the
1973:
1940:
1814:
1797:
1219:
1762:
1523:
535:) were bought in 1909, and the company registered on 28 July 1911 in London and Liverpool with a capital of £100,000.
360:
in Australia, but it failed after three years. In the same year, it bought the 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi)
2028:
1288:
2010:
1907:
1453:
1057:
983:
357:
1862:
1543:
991:
2167:
602:
396:
1922:
1824:
1945:
1780:
1772:
289:, and Western Europe. The company supplied large quantities of food to the growing UK population during the
1275:
731:
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1965:
1955:
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835:
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52:
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290:
126:
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The company had to be rebuilt twice, in the years following the world wars, before being sold in 1998.
353:
1842:
1834:
1583:
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959:. Vol. 27, no. 7, 878. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 21 November 1952. p. 1
606:
574:
680:
555:
1995:
1819:
1623:
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927:
258:
209:
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industry in Brazil. The family also has two wine companies in Australia: The Lane Vineyard in the
1633:
955:
500:
459:
376:
365:
344:
In 1912 they purchased for £250,000 the Ord River cattle station in the East Kimberley region of
2091:
1015:
Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History : a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia
554:
for £60 million in 1998, although most of the refrigerated ships were retained by Vestey's
550:
and China, carrying passengers in addition to various foodstuffs. Blue Star was finally sold to
1013:
1809:
1638:
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1019:
485:
361:
345:
334:
188:
1186:
2005:
1852:
1804:
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1503:
1448:
402:
It is said that by 1930 Vesteys had 30,000 employees worldwide and a net value of £300,000.
273:(later Sir Edmund) established the Vestey empire in 1897 from a family butchery business in
301:
business, before foreseeing that the meat could be worth even more if the vast supplies of
1750:
1745:
1538:
1422:
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508:
492:
322:
254:
234:
623:
551:
205:(later Lord Vestey), was Chairman of the Vestey Group from 1995 until his death in 2021.
1039:
464:
By the middle of the twentieth century, the Vestey Group had acquired a large amount of
2110:
1668:
1481:
1412:
1382:
1367:
619:
590:
559:
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and other by-products. Having saved cash reserves for the purpose, they entered into a
414:
In the course of their expansion, Vestey bought a number of other companies, acquiring
315:
286:
250:
223:
184:
110:
79:
495:(also known as the Wave Hill walk-off) at Wave Hill. This was a landmark event in the
318:, they supplied outlets in the UK, USA, Europe and South Africa for over fifty years.
117:
The Vestey family were estimated to be the second wealthiest family in Britain (after
2156:
2117:
1847:
1443:
1372:
756:
543:
338:
278:
122:
1304:
241:
production. A 12,000-hectare (30,000-acre) tree-planting programme is set to supply
233:
As of 2020, the Vestey family’s farming interests are mainly in Brazil, in both the
2062:
1588:
1508:
1185:
Lund, B.; Baird-Parker, A.C.; Baird-Parker, T.C.; Gould, G.W.; Gould, G.W. (2000).
863:
504:
380:
330:
781:
139:, entered receivership in 1995. The company has been restructured several times.
2098:
2084:
1857:
1663:
1593:
1351:
931:. Vol. 53, no. 16, 026. Western Australia. 8 November 1937. p. 20
326:
1084:"An historic handful of dirt: Whitlam and the legacy of the Wave Hill Walk-Off"
629:
Dewhurst butchers – sold to Lloyd Maunder 2005, entered administration in 2006.
1608:
1407:
601:
There was a "Vestey Chair of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health" at the
415:
372:
349:
242:
238:
922:
285:
in 1895 and developing stores across the UK, and then throughout Russia, the
1613:
1598:
1417:
1397:
950:
586:
473:
447:
442:
430:
419:
274:
192:
118:
1191:. The Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food. Springer US. p. 21.
191:. It trades in 70 countries, with customers in the retail, food service,
2055:
1792:
1387:
246:
168:
706:
1648:
1603:
477:
465:
438:
298:
180:
40:
17:
897:
121:) in 1940. In 1980, it was discovered that the company had operated a
434:
429:
In the middle of the 20th century, Vestey companies dominated the UK
282:
73:
806:
609:
recorded in 1992, and 2000, "the first post of its kind in the UK".
547:
2104:
302:
201:(19 March 1941 – 4 February 2021), great-grandson of co-founder
1308:
503:
entered negotiations with Vestey and a small grant of land at
437:
meat trade, selling refrigerated and canned meats, as well as
215:
The family was still immensely wealthy in 2015; 160th on the
90:
1108:
546:), and business later expanded to countries as far apart as
129:
and the largest retailer of meat in the world in the 1980s.
125:
scheme, and Vestey Brothers was the largest privately owned
499:
and lasted for eight years. With much public support, the
1961:
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences
371:
In 1915, the brothers, after being refused a request for
135:, formerly the core of the Vestey family business as the
1514:
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
1056:
Lawford, Elliana; Zillman, Stephanie (18 August 2016).
222:
2015, with an estimated fortune of £700 million. Actor
511:, as an initial step towards the final land handback.
562:
to form Star Reefers, finally sold off in July 2001.
1058:"Timeline: From Wave Hill protest to land handbacks"
341:
throughout the UK, the Dewhurst the Butchers chain.
2076:
2043:
2001:
Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland
1900:
1891:
1871:
1833:
1771:
1726:
1719:
1687:
1567:
1462:
1436:
1360:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
86:
68:
58:
48:
1519:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
1012:Will Kaufman; Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson (2005).
399:. also known as the "Anglo Meatpacking Company".
542:The line owned a number of refrigerated ships (
27:Holding company based in Surrey, United Kingdom
1477:Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
1320:
829:
827:
8:
1913:National Farmers' Union of England and Wales
1247:"Dewhurst adds to demise of butchers' shops"
519:The first two ships for the Blue Star Line (
480:, flour, sugar and tea instead of a salary.
32:
1051:
1049:
858:
856:
675:
673:
671:
669:
649:"How the aristocracy preserved their power"
321:In 1911, the Vestey brothers expanded into
1897:
1723:
1571:
1327:
1313:
1305:
1188:Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food
967:– via National Library of Australia.
939:– via National Library of Australia.
226:is the great-great-grandson of co-founder
31:
1554:Scottish Government Net Zero Directorates
978:
976:
974:
2163:Food manufacturers of the United Kingdom
1135:"Vestey gives up ranches in 'land grab'"
195:, government and manufacturing sectors.
1160:"Appointments: University appointments"
639:
147:As of August 2020 Vestey Holdings owns
1951:Country Land and Business Association
7:
2178:Sugar industry in the United Kingdom
1040:"Uruguay serves up slice of history"
951:"Meatworks Project For N. Territory"
558:subsidiary, which later merged with
325:, processing and distribution, with
1991:Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre
1918:National Farmers' Union of Scotland
1274:Marshall, Andrew (18 August 2015).
647:Bryant, Chris (7 September 2017).
25:
1336:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
1224:World Poultry Science Association
834:Farrell, Thomas (26 April 2015).
497:land rights movement in Australia
484:, through the company, owned the
468:land in Australia, and used many
2137:
2136:
1659:Scottish Agricultural Revolution
1654:Rural Reconstruction Association
1472:Agricultural Land Classification
1220:"Geoffrey Mead (United Kingdom)"
1082:Ward, Charlie (20 August 2016).
984:"Gurindji strike for their land"
352:. In 1914, they established the
269:William and his younger brother
39:
1499:British Cattle Movement Service
1245:Frizzell, Amy (28 March 2006).
482:Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey
454:1966 Gurindji Strike, Australia
397:Fray Bentos meat extract spread
143:Current holdings and governance
1986:National Non-Food Crops Centre
1928:Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster
1494:Animal and Plant Health Agency
1289:"On the wrong side of history"
1276:"Vestey still a big ag player"
1133:Arie, Sophie (23 March 2006).
424:Liebig Extract of Meat Company
389:Liebig Extract of Meat Company
228:Sir Edmund Vestey, 1st Baronet
1:
2024:Royal Agricultural University
1979:National Museum of Rural Life
1487:Meat and Livestock Commission
1403:Müller Milk & Ingredients
1347:Economy of the United Kingdom
626:for £60 million in 1998.
393:Frigorífico Anglo del Uruguay
105:and previously also known as
2173:Companies based in Liverpool
1974:Museum of English Rural Life
1941:British Egg Industry Council
1798:Scottish Crofting Foundation
1042:. BBC News. 28 October 2008.
422:through the purchase of the
387:In 1924, Vesteys bought the
354:North Australia Meat Company
187:, fruit and vegetables, and
1524:Institute for Animal Health
575:vertically integrated model
2194:
2015:Universities and colleges
2011:Tenant Farmers Association
1454:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
1018:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1017.
836:"Meat the House of Vestey"
488:in Australia at the time.
457:
395:out of it, which marketed
358:Darwin, Northern Territory
281:, opening a cold store in
137:Union Cold Storage Company
2132:
1936:
1825:Scotland Food & Drink
1574:
1544:Rights of way in Scotland
1342:
1293:The Sydney Morning Herald
992:Victoria State Government
173:Western Pension Solutions
37:
2029:Scotland's Rural College
603:Royal Veterinary College
277:. They were pioneers of
257:, and Delatite Wines in
212:’s retirement in 2004).
1946:British Poultry Council
1908:Farmers' Union of Wales
1736:Agriculture in Cheshire
1579:Agricultural Revolution
581:2005 Venezuela handback
507:was handed back to the
310:International expansion
109:, is a privately owned
1966:James Hutton Institute
1956:Fresh Start Initiative
1629:Highland Potato Famine
923:"Mr S. W. Copley Dead"
732:"Vestey Foods Limited"
470:Aboriginal Australians
1923:Ulster Farmers' Union
1741:Agriculture in London
1559:Single Payment Scheme
1549:Rural Payments Agency
1534:Quality Meat Scotland
681:"Heirs and disgraces"
505:Daguragu/Wattie Creek
291:Industrial Revolution
127:multinational company
1673:Women's Land Army -
1584:British timber trade
1393:Frontier Agriculture
607:University of London
406:world in the 1980s.
391:in Uruguay, created
199:The 3rd Baron Vestey
1996:Rothamsted Research
1820:Royal Highland Show
1720:Nations and regions
1624:Highland Clearances
1619:Haughley Experiment
1299:Edmund Hoyle Vestey
1259:on 5 November 2012.
1166:. 12 September 1992
1139:The Daily Telegraph
928:The West Australian
613:Former subsidiaries
501:Whitlam government
327:pastoral properties
259:Victoria, Australia
133:Union International
34:
1634:Lowland Clearances
1295:. 8 December 2007.
1226:. 12 February 2014
956:The Canberra Times
460:Wave Hill walk-off
377:David Lloyd George
375:exemption made to
366:Northern Territory
91:vesteyholdings.com
2150:
2149:
2039:
2038:
1887:
1886:
1715:
1714:
1639:Napier Commission
1198:978-0-8342-1323-4
1025:978-1-85109-431-8
486:Wave Hill Station
362:Wave Hill Station
346:Western Australia
335:Smithfield Market
189:convenience foods
153:Albion Fine Foods
96:
95:
16:(Redirected from
2185:
2140:
2139:
2006:Soil Association
1898:
1892:Non-governmental
1872:Northern Ireland
1853:Royal Welsh Show
1724:
1572:
1504:The Country Code
1449:Hedgerow removal
1378:Bernard Matthews
1329:
1322:
1315:
1306:
1296:
1283:
1261:
1260:
1255:. Archived from
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1113:www.repremar.com
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1088:The Conversation
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
980:
969:
968:
966:
964:
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
894:
879:
878:
876:
874:
860:
851:
850:
848:
846:
840:Let's Look Again
831:
822:
821:
819:
817:
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
728:
722:
721:
719:
717:
703:
697:
696:
694:
692:
687:. 11 August 1999
677:
664:
663:
661:
659:
644:
624:P&O Nedlloyd
552:P&O Nedlloyd
43:
35:
21:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2168:Sugar companies
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2128:
2092:Clarkson's Farm
2072:
2035:
1932:
1893:
1883:
1867:
1829:
1767:
1711:
1683:
1563:
1539:Natural England
1464:
1458:
1432:
1428:Vestey Holdings
1423:Saputo Dairy UK
1356:
1338:
1333:
1287:
1273:
1270:
1268:Further reading
1265:
1264:
1252:The Independent
1244:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1164:The Independent
1158:
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1132:
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962:
960:
949:
948:
944:
934:
932:
921:
920:
916:
906:
904:
902:Vestey Holdings
896:
895:
882:
872:
870:
862:
861:
854:
844:
842:
833:
832:
825:
815:
813:
811:Vestey Holdings
805:
804:
800:
790:
788:
780:
779:
775:
765:
763:
757:"Our Companies"
755:
754:
750:
740:
738:
730:
729:
725:
715:
713:
711:Vestey Holdings
705:
704:
700:
690:
688:
679:
678:
667:
657:
655:
646:
645:
641:
636:
615:
599:
583:
571:
517:
509:Gurindji people
493:Gurindji strike
462:
456:
412:
410:UK developments
337:in London, and
323:meat production
312:
267:
255:South Australia
235:cattle industry
161:Cottage Delight
145:
107:Vestey Brothers
99:Vestey Holdings
82:
76:
44:
33:Vestey Holdings
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2191:
2189:
2181:
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2170:
2165:
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2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2111:Farmers Weekly
2107:
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2037:
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2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
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1800:
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1753:
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1738:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1689:Foot-and-mouth
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1669:Victory garden
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
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1621:
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1611:
1606:
1601:
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1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1482:Potato Council
1474:
1468:
1466:
1465:and regulation
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1413:Norbrook Group
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1383:Faccenda Foods
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:ADAS (company)
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1285:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1237:
1211:
1197:
1177:
1151:
1125:
1100:
1074:
1045:
1031:
1024:
1004:
970:
942:
914:
880:
852:
823:
798:
773:
748:
723:
707:"Businesses –"
698:
665:
638:
637:
635:
632:
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620:Blue Star Line
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570:
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556:Albion Reefers
516:
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458:Main article:
455:
452:
411:
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368:of Australia.
348:from investor
316:Blue Star Line
311:
308:
287:Baltic nations
266:
263:
251:Adelaide Hills
224:Tom Hiddleston
203:William Vestey
185:dairy products
165:Donald Russell
144:
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80:United Kingdom
78:
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2118:Farming Today
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1444:Grazing marsh
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864:"Our History"
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573:By 2000, the
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418:and London's
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331:market stalls
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157:FineFrance UK
154:
150:
142:
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128:
124:
123:tax avoidance
120:
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57:
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36:
30:
19:
2116:
2109:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2063:Fell farming
1589:Celtic field
1509:Crown Estate
1437:Conservation
1427:
1292:
1279:
1257:the original
1250:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1223:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1187:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1144:16 September
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1112:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1034:
1014:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
988:Deadly Story
987:
961:. Retrieved
954:
945:
933:. Retrieved
926:
917:
905:. Retrieved
901:
871:. Retrieved
868:Vestey Foods
867:
843:. Retrieved
839:
814:. Retrieved
810:
801:
789:. Retrieved
786:Vestey Foods
785:
782:"Who We Are"
776:
764:. Retrieved
761:Vestey Foods
760:
751:
739:. Retrieved
735:
726:
714:. Retrieved
710:
701:
689:. Retrieved
685:The Guardian
684:
656:. Retrieved
653:The Guardian
652:
642:
622:was sold to
600:
597:Philanthropy
584:
572:
569:21st century
564:
541:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
518:
490:
463:
428:
413:
404:
401:
386:
381:Buenos Aires
370:
343:
320:
313:
295:
268:
245:wood to the
232:
218:Sunday Times
217:
214:
207:
197:
177:
172:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:Vestey Foods
148:
146:
136:
132:
131:
116:
106:
103:Vestey Group
102:
98:
97:
69:Headquarters
63:Vestey Group
62:
49:Company type
29:
2099:Countryfile
2085:The Archers
1664:Swing Riots
1594:Common land
1529:Legislation
1352:Agriculture
1284:(Australia)
1280:Farm Online
591:Hugo Chávez
560:Hamburg Süd
379:, moved to
101:, formerly
59:Predecessor
2157:Categories
2051:Beekeeping
1609:Dutch barn
1463:Government
1408:NFU Mutual
1109:"REPREMAR"
898:"Heritage"
634:References
373:income tax
350:Sam Copley
243:eucalyptus
239:sugar cane
1644:Rationing
1614:Enclosure
1599:Corn Laws
1418:Openfield
1361:Companies
1230:13 August
1204:13 August
1170:13 August
1093:11 August
935:7 January
907:11 August
873:11 August
845:11 August
816:11 August
791:11 August
766:11 August
741:11 August
716:11 August
587:Venezuela
529:Rangatira
525:Broderick
476:, bread,
474:salt beef
450:in 1978.
448:Fine Fare
443:price war
431:wholesale
420:Oxo Tower
275:Liverpool
220:Rich List
193:wholesale
2142:Category
2068:Forestry
2056:June Gap
1970:Museums
1858:Tŷ unnos
1793:Crofting
1786:Shetland
1773:Scotland
1751:Cornwall
1388:Farmcare
1118:15 April
1067:9 August
1062:ABC News
997:9 August
963:18 March
807:"People"
533:Brodmore
531:renamed
523:renamed
515:Shipping
247:iron ore
169:butchers
119:the King
2124:Hurdles
2044:Sectors
1879:Cuisine
1863:Fishing
1848:Cuisine
1815:Fishing
1805:Cuisine
1763:Fishing
1746:Cuisine
1728:England
1649:Run rig
1604:Diggers
1568:History
544:Reefers
478:tobacco
466:grazing
439:leather
364:in the
333:on the
299:canning
265:History
181:seafood
87:Website
53:Private
18:Vesteys
1901:Unions
1810:Factor
1297:About
1195:
1022:
736:Endole
691:10 May
658:10 May
527:, and
521:Pakeha
435:retail
283:London
271:Edmund
210:Edmund
171:) and
155:&
74:Surrey
2077:Other
2019:CAFRE
1835:Wales
1756:Devon
1398:Genus
548:Egypt
2105:Eglu
1707:2007
1702:2001
1697:1967
1679:WWII
1232:2020
1206:2020
1193:ISBN
1172:2020
1146:2015
1120:2023
1095:2020
1069:2020
1020:ISBN
999:2020
965:2019
937:2022
909:2020
875:2020
847:2020
818:2020
793:2020
768:2020
743:2020
718:2020
693:2018
660:2018
618:The
433:and
303:beef
237:and
1675:WWI
585:In
416:Oxo
356:in
253:of
2159::
1677:/
1291:.
1278:.
1249:.
1222:.
1162:.
1137:.
1111:.
1086:.
1060:.
1048:^
990:.
986:.
973:^
953:.
925:.
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883:^
866:.
855:^
838:.
826:^
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709:.
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668:^
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605:,
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261:.
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183:,
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163:,
159:,
151:,
111:UK
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695:.
662:.
167:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
