436:(grandfather, or by extension, ancestor), the count Gonzalo Betótez of Deza. As Bermudo's traditional pedigree would provide no such relationship, Justo Pérez de Urbel suggested that he was instead an illegitimate son of Ordoño III, with the relationship coming through his mother. Based on political considerations and a second ambiguous documented kinship, he provisionally identified the mother as either Aragonta or Guntroda, daughters of Pelayo González, count of Deza, who was son of count Gonzalo. He has been followed in this by several historians, but others find the evidence lacking and retain the traditional view of his mother. The identification of Bermudo's first queen,
996:
364:. He was soon restored and reconciled to the discontents. On 8 August 994 Bermudo gave the village of Veiga to the monastery of Celanova, the village having been built by Suario Gundemárez on land illegally appropriated from the monastery. Suario took refuge there during his later rebellion. On 23 August that year the village of Morella was granted to abbot Salvato of Celanova after it was confiscated because the murder of Fortún Velázquez had taken place there.
1331:
40:
416:
Both the paternal and maternal parentage of
Bermudo II have been subject to scholarly debate. On the paternal side, the primary chronicle sources simply call him son of king Ordoño, without specifying which former king of that name. Traditionally his father has been identified as Ordoño III and the
432:. Bishop Pelagius relates that Bermudo was born to a second wife of Ordoño, named Elvira, but since no such queen appears in charters or any other record outside of the Bishop's account, she probably did not exist. In a royal charter dated 5 January 999, Bermudo refers to his
440:, as a grandniece of count Pelayo allows the possibility that Bermudo was referring to count Gonzalo as ancestor of his wife and not his own blood ancestor, but he was already divorced from Velasquita at the time he executed the charter in question.
390:
In 999, the gout from which he suffered was aggravated and it became impossible for him to ride a horse. Military leader of the
Christians of northwestern Spain, he subsequently travelled by litter. Later that same year he died in
1634:
351:
in his early years and the
Cordoban armies of Almanzor came, not as allies, but as conquerors. Between November 991 and September 992 Vermudo was expelled from the kingdom by a revolt led by the magnates
425:
of Santa María de
Carracedo, in which Bermudo names his father Ordoño and his grandfather Ramiro, making his father Ordoño III and not Ordoño IV, the son of Alfonso.
417:
modern consensus agrees with this assignment, but at least one prominent modern
Leonese historian, Manuel Carriedo Tejedo, has concluded that he instead was son of
307:. This usurpation is usually seen as the extension of ongoing succession crises begun in the 950s. At the time of the usurpation Bermudo II's faction was led by
1457:
1201:
886:
1619:
1624:
795:
M. Calleja Puerta (1999), "Una generación leonesa del siglo XII: la descendencia de
Vermudo II en la obra cronística de Pelayo de Oviedo",
371:
from the
Muslims, but did not succeed in expelling them totally until 987. This brought on reprisals from Almanzor, who set out to destroy
316:
177:
1418:
1045:
711:
775:
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (2013). "Reflexiones e hipótesis sobre algunas incógnitas genealógicas de la antigua dinastía astureonesa".
634:
1395:
1022:
468:
428:
Controversy also exists over the identity of his mother. Traditionally he has been viewed as son of Ordoño III's documented wife,
275:'s description of him as "the poor king tormented in life by the sword of Almanzor and in death by the vengeful pen of a bishop."
1390:
1017:
671:"La insubordinación a la autoridad central y los mecanismos regios de contención durante el reino astur-leonés (siglos VIII-XI)"
1194:
1639:
1614:
879:
1578:
1400:
1168:
1027:
1482:
320:
284:
461:
361:
1433:
1187:
1060:
465:
343:, respectively, at this time. Because his support was limited and regional, Bermudo required the protection of the
1609:
1210:
872:
232:
94:
1442:
1300:
1069:
895:
268:
55:
950:
300:
211:
1490:
1462:
1423:
1385:
1347:
1290:
1084:
1050:
960:
925:
915:
418:
400:
344:
272:
162:
392:
1551:
1514:
1367:
1141:
1104:
1012:
985:
670:
396:
384:
332:
157:
920:
340:
1547:
1467:
1339:
1137:
1089:
930:
907:
336:
324:
201:
46:
1428:
1055:
970:
940:
828:
480:
449:
437:
304:
173:
116:
77:
353:
283:
covers the reign of
Bermudo, is highly critical of the king. He accuses Bermudo of imprisoning Bishop
1629:
1599:
1532:
1452:
1447:
1362:
1222:
1122:
1079:
1074:
980:
945:
845:
645:
472:
457:
453:
357:
312:
189:
126:
87:
1604:
1560:
1542:
1522:
1352:
1305:
1150:
1132:
1112:
965:
955:
429:
308:
221:
328:
1537:
1500:
1214:
1127:
276:
264:
98:
1377:
1004:
935:
899:
59:
995:
319:
on 15 October 982. It is probable that two episcopal opponents of his coronation—Rodrigo's son
1570:
1556:
1527:
1160:
1146:
1117:
698:
657:
630:
348:
184:
1472:
1437:
1094:
1064:
757:
Ruiz
Asencio, José Manuel (1968). "Campañas de Almanzor contra el reino de León (981–986)".
688:
678:
256:
735:
Palomeque Torres, Antonio (1948). "Episcopologio de la Sede de Oviedo durante el siglo X".
376:
835:
854:
39:
380:
368:
1330:
726:
Martín Rodríguez, José-Luis (1965). "Pelayo Rodríguez, obispo de
Santiago (977–985)".
1593:
1506:
476:
17:
766:
Sáez Sánchez, Emilio (1946). "Notas al episcopologio minduniense del siglo X".
693:
483:, who married Fronilde, daughter of the aforementioned count Pelayo Rodríguez.
379:, Bermudo took refuge in Zamora. The Muslims continued their conquests, taking
1285:
1275:
702:
661:
1410:
1270:
1260:
1037:
422:
1280:
1230:
288:
1320:
1295:
1250:
1240:
1235:
683:
646:"La Version de la "Historia Silense" Sobre la Filiacion de Vermudo II""
372:
299:
In 982 the Galician nobility proclaimed Bermudo, a son of former king
196:
1179:
1315:
1310:
1265:
1255:
1245:
748:
Pérez de Urbel, Justo (1949). "Los Padres de Vermudo II el Gotoso".
864:
1183:
868:
1635:
Burials in the Royal Pantheon at the Basilica of San Isidoro
475:, who succeeded him; Theresa; and Sancha. He also had three
627:
The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest
421:. The question is seemingly resolved by a charter in the
460:, son of his rival Ramiro III. Vermudo married secondly
1569:
1513:
1499:
1481:
1409:
1376:
1338:
1221:
1159:
1103:
1036:
1003:
906:
335:—were exiled from their sees to the monasteries of
228:
217:
207:
195:
183:
169:
152:
144:
136:
132:
122:
112:
104:
93:
83:
73:
65:
54:
32:
712:"¿La Reina Velasquita, nieta de Muniadomna Díaz?"
559:
547:
499:
375:. After Almanzor besieged and razed the city of
571:
607:
595:
583:
1195:
880:
399:. Later, his remains were transferred to the
8:
535:
523:
629:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
367:Bermudo eventually succeeded in recovering
1202:
1188:
1180:
887:
873:
865:
802:
777:Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia
29:
692:
682:
750:Revista de Archivos, Biblotecas y Museos
492:
797:La nobleza peninsular en la Edad Media
511:
303:, as king in opposition to his cousin
287:in the 990s and blames the attacks of
267:(982–984) and then king of the entire
669:Escudero Manzano, Gonzalo J. (2024).
271:(984–999). His reign is summed up by
7:
471:, with whom he had three children:
317:cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
710:García Álvarez, Manuel R. (1960).
25:
251:(c. 953 – September 999), called
1329:
994:
644:Carriedo Tejedo, Manuel (1981).
38:
1620:10th-century Galician monarchs
759:Anuario de Estudios Medievales
728:Anuario de Estudios Medievales
1:
1625:10th-century Leonese monarchs
315:. Bermudo was crowned in the
1483:Portuguese House of Burgundy
677:(in Spanish) (47): 171–188.
752:(in Spanish) (55): 289–307.
721:(in Spanish) (70): 197–230.
452:, Bermudo left a daughter,
347:. There was much unrest in
279:(died 1153), half of whose
1656:
730:(in Spanish) (2): 467–475.
311:and that of Ramiro III by
1327:
992:
852:
842:
833:
825:
805:
233:Chalcedonian Christianity
37:
770:(in Spanish) (22): 3–79.
761:(in Spanish) (5): 31–74.
1491:Ferdinand I of Portugal
401:Basilica of San Isidoro
163:Basilica of San Isidoro
625:Barton, Simon (2000).
479:: Elvira, Pelayo, and
397:Monastery of Carracedo
395:and was buried in the
385:Santiago de Compostela
260:
158:Monastery of Carracedo
1640:Astur-Leonese dynasty
1615:People from El Bierzo
1340:Astur-Leonese dynasty
675:En la España Medieval
560:Palomeque Torres 1948
548:Escudero Manzano 2024
500:Martín Rodríguez 1965
393:Villanueva del Bierzo
263:), was first a rival
202:Astur-Leonese dynasty
47:Libro de las Estampas
719:Revista de Guimarães
572:Carriedo Tejedo 1981
345:Caliphate of Córdoba
273:Justo Pérez de Urbel
1515:House of Trastámara
1105:House of Trastámara
908:Astur-Leonese house
807:Bermudo II of León
694:20.500.14352/104133
608:García Álvarez 1960
596:Pérez de Urbel 1949
584:Salazar y Acha 2013
550:, pp. 181–183.
448:By his first wife,
341:San Martín de Lalín
333:bishop of Mondoñedo
291:on Bermudo's sins.
285:Gudesteus of Oviedo
1501:House of Lancaster
684:10.5209/elem.94756
464:, daughter of the
450:Velasquita Ramírez
438:Velasquita Ramírez
383:(996) and sacking
325:bishop of Santiago
301:Ordoño III of León
277:Pelagius of Oviedo
212:Ordoño III of León
174:Velasquita Ramírez
44:Bermudo II in the
18:Vermudo II of León
1587:
1586:
1571:House of Habsburg
1411:House of Burgundy
1177:
1176:
1161:House of Habsburg
1038:House of Burgundy
863:
862:
843:Succeeded by
536:Ruiz Asencio 1968
526:, pp. 47–48.
524:Sáez Sánchez 1946
514:, pp. 72–73.
313:Rodrigo Velázquez
238:
237:
16:(Redirected from
1647:
1610:Sons of emperors
1378:House of Jiménez
1333:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1181:
1005:House of Jiménez
998:
889:
882:
875:
866:
826:Preceded by
821:
814:
803:
799:(León), 527-540.
784:
771:
762:
753:
744:
731:
722:
716:
706:
696:
686:
665:
640:
611:
605:
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
527:
521:
515:
509:
503:
497:
469:García Fernández
430:Urraca Fernández
362:Pelayo Rodríguez
354:Gonzalo Vermúdez
309:Gonzalo Menéndez
222:Urraca Fernández
42:
30:
21:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1565:
1509:
1495:
1477:
1405:
1372:
1334:
1325:
1217:
1208:
1178:
1173:
1155:
1099:
1032:
999:
990:
936:Alfonso Fróilaz
902:
893:
858:
848:
839:
836:King of Galicia
831:
815:
809:
808:
792:
790:Further reading
787:
774:
765:
756:
747:
734:
725:
714:
709:
668:
650:Tierras de León
643:
637:
624:
620:
615:
614:
606:
602:
594:
590:
582:
578:
570:
566:
558:
554:
546:
542:
534:
530:
522:
518:
510:
506:
498:
494:
489:
466:Castilian count
446:
414:
409:
358:Munio Fernández
297:
269:Kingdom of León
265:king in Galicia
176:
165:
160:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1001:
1000:
993:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
912:
910:
904:
903:
894:
892:
891:
884:
877:
869:
861:
860:
850:
849:
844:
841:
832:
827:
823:
822:
806:
801:
800:
791:
788:
786:
785:
779:(in Spanish).
772:
763:
754:
745:
739:(in Spanish).
737:Hispania Sacra
732:
723:
707:
666:
652:(in Spanish).
641:
635:
621:
619:
616:
613:
612:
600:
588:
576:
564:
562:, p. 295.
552:
540:
528:
516:
504:
502:, p. 474.
491:
490:
488:
485:
458:Ordoño Ramírez
456:, who married
445:
442:
413:
410:
408:
405:
296:
293:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
171:
167:
166:
156:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
52:
51:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1652:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:John of Gaunt
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Ferdinand III
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1223:Suebian kings
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:Ferdinand III
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
871:
870:
867:
857:
856:
851:
847:
838:
837:
830:
824:
819:
812:
804:
798:
794:
793:
789:
783:(2): 275–296.
782:
778:
773:
769:
764:
760:
755:
751:
746:
743:(2): 269–298.
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
720:
713:
708:
704:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
676:
672:
667:
663:
659:
656:(44): 38–44.
655:
651:
647:
642:
638:
636:9780719052262
632:
628:
623:
622:
617:
609:
604:
601:
597:
592:
589:
585:
580:
577:
573:
568:
565:
561:
556:
553:
549:
544:
541:
537:
532:
529:
525:
520:
517:
513:
508:
505:
501:
496:
493:
486:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
463:
462:Elvira García
459:
455:
451:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
411:
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
234:
231:
227:
223:
220:
216:
213:
210:
206:
203:
200:
198:
194:
191:
188:
186:
182:
179:
178:Elvira García
175:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:982–999
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:984–999
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1463:Ferdinand IV
1424:Ferdinand II
1357:
1085:Ferdinand IV
1051:Ferdinand II
975:
855:King of León
853:
834:
817:
810:
796:
780:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
736:
727:
718:
674:
653:
649:
626:
618:Bibliography
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
519:
507:
495:
447:
433:
427:
415:
389:
366:
360:, and count
329:Arias Peláez
298:
280:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:
45:
27:King of León
1630:Beni Alfons
1600:950s births
1552:Ferdinand V
1458:Prince John
1419:Alfonso VII
1368:Bermudo III
1142:Ferdinand V
1046:Alfonso VII
1013:Ferdinand I
986:Bermudo III
916:Alfonso III
512:Barton 2000
113:Predecessor
74:Predecessor
1605:999 deaths
1594:Categories
1548:Isabella I
1468:Alfonso XI
1429:Alfonso IX
1396:Alfonso VI
1358:Bermudo II
1286:Theodemund
1276:Hermeneric
1138:Isabella I
1090:Alfonso XI
1056:Alfonso IX
1023:Alfonso VI
976:Bermudo II
971:Ramiro III
951:Ordoño III
941:Alfonso IV
829:Ramiro III
487:References
305:Ramiro III
117:Ramiro III
78:Ramiro III
33:Bermudo II
1579:Charles I
1533:Henry III
1453:Sancho IV
1448:Alfonso X
1391:Sancho II
1386:García II
1363:Alfonso V
1348:Ordoño II
1301:Theodemar
1271:Remismund
1261:Richimund
1169:Charles I
1123:Henry III
1080:Sancho IV
1075:Alfonso X
1018:Sancho II
981:Alfonso V
961:Ordoño IV
946:Ramiro II
931:Fruela II
926:Ordoño II
846:Alfonso V
703:0214-3038
662:0495-5773
423:cartulary
419:Ordoño IV
412:Parentage
281:Chronicon
261:el Gotoso
253:the Gouty
190:Alfonso V
127:Alfonso V
123:Successor
88:Alfonso V
84:Successor
1561:Philip I
1543:Henry IV
1523:Henry II
1353:Sancho I
1291:Chararic
1281:Veremund
1231:Hermeric
1211:Monarchs
1151:Philip I
1133:Henry IV
1113:Henry II
966:Sancho I
956:Sancho I
921:García I
896:Monarchs
859:984–999
840:982–999
768:Hispania
477:bastards
454:Cristina
444:Children
337:Celanova
289:Almanzor
229:Religion
1538:John II
1321:Malaric
1296:Ariamir
1251:Maldras
1241:Rechiar
1236:Rechila
1215:Galicia
1128:John II
473:Alfonso
387:(997).
381:Astorga
373:Coimbra
349:Castile
323:, then
257:Spanish
245:Vermudo
241:Bermudo
197:Dynasty
170:Consort
99:Galicia
1559:&
1557:Joanna
1550:&
1528:John I
1436:&
1434:Sancha
1401:Urraca
1316:Audeca
1311:Eboric
1266:Frumar
1256:Framta
1246:Aioulf
1149:&
1147:Joanna
1140:&
1118:John I
1063:&
1061:Sancha
1028:Urraca
816:
813:c. 953
701:
660:
633:
481:Ordoño
407:Family
369:Zamora
327:, and
321:Pelayo
218:Mother
208:Father
161:later
153:Burial
148:c. 999
140:c. 953
1473:Peter
1438:Dulce
1095:Peter
1065:Dulce
818:Died:
811:Born:
715:(PDF)
295:Reign
185:Issue
105:Reign
66:Reign
1306:Miro
900:León
699:ISSN
658:ISSN
631:ISBN
377:León
339:and
243:(or
145:Died
137:Born
95:King
60:León
56:King
1213:of
898:of
820:999
781:210
689:hdl
679:doi
434:avo
224:(?)
97:of
58:of
1596::
717:.
697:.
687:.
673:.
654:21
648:.
403:.
356:,
331:,
259::
249:II
247:)
1203:e
1196:t
1189:v
888:e
881:t
874:v
741:1
705:.
691::
681::
664:.
639:.
610:.
598:.
586:.
574:.
538:.
255:(
20:)
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