1946:... it is essentially impossible to have nerve interference. To summarize, nerve interference is described, by modern-day advocates of this concept, as a reduction of neural or mental impulses, which occurs in response to a bone-out-of-place (BOOP) subluxation... Clearly, the BOOP subluxation model fails miserably when considered in the light of basic neuroscience facts... BOOP subluxationists become angry and defensive when the BOOP model of subluxation is criticized... The reactionary nature of certain BOOP subluxationists is to accuse those who don't buy into the BOOP model of being anti-chiropracticâan astonishing leap of ignorance, to say the least. Furthermore, anyone who does not buy into the model is trying to "medicalize chiropractic"âanother example of low-IQ thinking. And if tears do not well up in your eyes when you hear the phrase, "The power that made the body, heals the body," you are accused of having no passion for chiropracticâstill another example of depressed, frontal-lobe activity. Even worse, if you don't buy into every bizarre, New Age, tree-hugging notion that comes down the pike and is circularly attached to subluxation, you will be accused of being an atheistâan excellent example of the need for psychiatrists and the drugs they prescribe.
2047:, "The traditional chiropractic vertebral subluxation hypothesis proposes that vertebral misalignment cause illness, disease, or both. This hypothesis remains controversial." His objective was, "To briefly review and update experimental evidence concerning reflex effects of vertebral subluxations, particularly concerning peripheral nervous system responses to vertebral subluxations. Data source: Information was obtained from chiropractic or, scientific peer-reviewed literature concerning human or animal studies of neural responses to vertebral subluxation, vertebral displacement or movement, or both." He concluded, "Animal models suggest that vertebral displacements and putative vertebral subluxations may modulate activity in group I to IV afferent nerves. However, it is not clear whether these afferent nerves are modulated during normal day-to-day activities of living and, if so, what segmental or whole-body reflex effects they may have."
1557:
chiropractors have traditionally referred to as "principle"), and are exemplary of scientifically unjustified assertions made in many corners of the profession. It matters not whether unsubstantiated assertions are offered for clinical, political, scientific, educational, marketing or other purposes; when offered without acknowledgment of their tentative character, they amount to dogmatism. We contend that attempts to foster unity (among the schools or in the wider profession) at the expense of scientific integrity is ultimately self-defeating. To be sure, the profession's lack of cultural authority is based in part upon our characteristic disunity. However, attempts to generate unity by adoption of a common dogma can only bring scorn and continued alienation from the wider health care community and the public we all serve.
1639:...the official definition of 739 codes is "nonallopathic lesions, not elsewhere classified.... In other words, 739 is a code that does not describe a subluxation. It does not even say what the patient has; it says that there is no code to describe what the patient has.... he elusive "vertebral subluxation complex" I learned about in school has no place in the ICD-9 code set. All we get is 739, which is a code for conditions that do not have a code. ICD-9 has never provided a code that truly describes this and differentiates between the chiropractic subluxation and the allopathic subluxation. Chiropractors have been compelled to try to fit a square peg into a round hole for many years.
1938:
practitioners. My experience has demonstrated that the BOOPers do not know enough about subluxation to call themselves subluxation-based chiropractors. We would all do well to not be subluxation-based in the BOOP sense. It should also be known that this so-called war is really an over-dramatized skirmish between vocal BOOPers and a theoretical group of anti-chiropractic DCs. I have yet to meet any of these anti-chiropractic DCs. Unfortunately, the BOOPers seem to think that those who do not embrace the totality of BOOP philosophy are merely non-BOOPers who are still very pro-chiropractic and appreciate the philosophy of chiropractic from a contemporary and nondogmatic perspective.
2025:
in the literature is the notion that the prolonged activation of these reflexes will manifest into pathological state of tissues, and most relevantly, that the application of spinal manipulative therapy can alter the prolonged reflex discharge or be associated with a reversal of the pathological degeneration of the affected reflexes or tissues. The evidence that has been amassed is largely anecdotal or case report based and it has attracted much intra disciplinary debate because of its frequent association with certain approaches to management (largely described as being traditional or "philosophical" in nature).
1929:
are grateful for its contribution to chiropractic. For many decades, it offered a model to work from. This model has been updated by the rest of the healing profession, but chiropractors have been hesitant to let this antiquated model go. Some within our profession hold onto this model with a religious fervor. The chiropractic profession has moved into a new age. The BOOP concept has been updated and science is ever upon us in the 90s. Let's start asking questions again and drive the chiropractic profession kicking and screaming into the 21st century.
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2062:
confusion within the chiropractic profession. We believe that an evidence-orientation among chiropractors requires that we distinguish between subluxation dogma vs. subluxation as the potential focus of clinical research. We lament efforts to generate unity within the profession through consensus statements concerning subluxation dogma, and believe that cultural authority will continue to elude us so long as we assert dogma as though it were validated clinical theory.
1601:
the human race." "The basis of chiropractic is completely unscientific." The theory on which chiropractic is based , namely that a "subluxation" of a spinal vertebra presses on a nerve interfering with the passage of energy down that nerve causing disease to organs supplied by that nerve, and that chiropractic "adjustments" can alleviate the pressure thereby treating or preventing such disease. There is no scientific evidence for the validity of this theory."
2033:... early chiropractic philosophy ... considered disease the result of spinal nerve dysfunction caused by misplaced (subluxated) vertebrae. Although rejected by medical science, this concept is still accepted by a minority of chiropractors. ... Indeed, many progressive chiropractors have rejected the historical concept of the chiropractic subluxation in favor of ones that more accurately describe the nature of the complex joint disfunctions they treat.
2012:
somatic vs. visceral etiologies, suggest it is not unreasonable that this somatic visceral-disease mimicry could very well account for the "cures" of presumed organ disease that have been observed over the years in response to various somatic therapies (e.g., spinal manipulation, acupuncture, Rolfing, Qi Gong, etc.) and may represent a common phenomenon that has led to "holistic" health care claims on the part of such clinical disciplines.
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meaningfulness of various theories and methods as a counterpoint to allopathic charges of quackery has created a defensiveness which can make critical examination of chiropractic concepts difficult (Keating and Mootz 1989). One example of this conundrum is the continuing controversy about the presumptive target of DCs' adjustive interventions: subluxation (Gatterman 1995; Leach 1994).
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does not permit a conclusion about the clinical meaningfulness of subluxation. To the best of our knowledge, the available literature does not point to any preferred method of subluxation detection and correction, nor to any clinically practical method of quantifying compromised "neural integrity," nor to any health benefit likely to result from subluxation correction.
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1565:, the statutory regulatory body for chiropractors in the United Kingdom, issued guidance for chiropractors stating that the chiropractic vertebral subluxation complex "is an historical concept" and "is not supported by any clinical research evidence that would allow claims to be made that it is the cause of disease or health concerns."
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Footnote 2: Specifically the form of vitalism as distinct from holism that proclaims 'If the specific vertebral subluxation is correctly adjusted, interference is released, pressure is eliminated, carrying capacity restored to normal, tissue cell is reâestablished, and life and health begin to regrow
2024:
The literature supports the existence of somatovisceral and viscerosomatic reflexes, but there is little or no evidence to support the notion that the spinal derangements (often referred to as subluxations by chiropractors) can cause prolonged aberrant discharge of these reflexes. Equally unsupported
2006:
Believers within the chiropractic tradition assert that spinal health and function are directly related to general health and well-being, including visceral disorders, but the efficacy and validity of spinal manipulation to address visceral disorders systems remains a source of controversy within the
1607:
When chiropractors declare that "pinched nerves" "nerve impingement" "spinal fixations" or others mechanisms of action explain how subluxations affect the person and how chiropractic works they are making the same mistake medical critics make â assuming chiropractic is based on theory. Mechanisms and
1592:
Subluxations, genes, gravity, the ego and life are all heuristic devices, "useful fictions" that are used to explain phenomenon that are far larger than our understanding. We use them as long as they work for us and discard or limit their application when they become unwieldy or unable to account for
1538:
Chiropractic is concerned with the preservation and restoration of health, and focuses particular attention on the subluxation. A subluxation is a complex of functional and/or structural and/or pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity and may influence organ system function and
2087:
However, no real evidence has ever been presented showing that a given chiropractic treatment alters the position of any vertebrae. In addition, there is no real evidence that impairment of nerve outflow is a major contributor to common illnesses, or that spinal manipulation changes nerve outflow in
2083:
Since its origin, chiropractic theory has based itself on "subluxations," or vertebrae that have shifted position in the spine. These subluxations are said to impede nerve outflow and cause disease in various organs. A chiropractic treatment is supposed to "put back in" these "popped out" vertebrae.
2016:
Considering this phenomenon, Seaman suggests that the chiropractic concept of joint complex (somatic) dysfunction should be incorporated into the differential diagnosis of pain and visceral symptoms because these dysfunctions often generate symptoms similar to those produced by true visceral disease
1556:
All in all, the ambiguities that permeate the ACC's statements on subluxation render it inadequate as a guide to clinical research... Whether the ACC's subluxation claims have succeeded as a political statement is beyond our concern here. These assertions were published as a priori truths (what many
2106:
Lastly, the ACC claims that chiropractors use the 'best available rational and empirical evidence' to detect and correct subluxations. This strikes us as pseudoscience, since the ACC does not offer any evidence for the assertions they make, and since the sum of all the evidence that we are aware of
2092:
In 2009, four scholarly chiropractors concluded that epidemiologic evidence does not support chiropractic's most fundamental theory. Since its inception, the vast majority of chiropractors have postulated that "subluxations" (misalignments) are the cause or underlying cause of ill health and can be
2011:
the proper differential diagnosis of somatic (musculoskeletal) vs. visceral (organ) dysfunction represents a challenge for both the medical and chiropractic physician. The afferent convergence mechanisms, which can create signs and symptoms that are virtually indistinguishable with respect to their
1414:
in the other ninety-nine. I adjust one and return his functions to normal... . There is no contagious disease... . There is no infection... . There is a cause internal to man that makes of his body in a certain spot, more or less a breeding ground . It is a place where they can multiply, propagate,
1928:
The main problem we often run into is the bone out of place (BOOP) concept. It seems we somehow step on toes when we describe the spine as a functioning entity instead of a stack of bones that can be shifted back and forth into the ideal configuration. The BOOP concept will eventually fade, and we
1920:
chiropractors. Straight chiropractors continue to follow Palmer's vitalistic tradition, claiming that subluxation has considerable health effects and also adding a visceral component to the definition, while mixers, as exemplified by the United
Kingdom's General Chiropractic Council, consider it a
1600:
Examples of such erroneous criticisms based on this straw man argument abound in the medical literature. Some examples: "The teachers, research workers and practitioners of medicine reject the so-called principle on which chiropractic is based and correctly and bluntly label it a fraud and hoax on
1596:
Critics of chiropractic have incorrectly assumed that chiropractic is based on the theory or principle that vertebral subluxations cause "pinched" nerves that cause disease. They have it backwards. Chiropractic is based on the success of the spinal adjustment. The theory attempting to explain the
2097:
No supportive evidence is found for the chiropractic subluxation being associated with any disease process or of creating suboptimal health conditions requiring intervention. Regardless of popular appeal, this leaves the subluxation construct in the realm of unsupported speculation. This lack of
2070:
Some may suggest that chiropractors should promote themselves as the experts in "correcting vertebral subluxation." However, the scientific literature has failed to demonstrate the very existence of the subluxation. Until and unless sound research published in credible journals demonstrates the
2061:
Subluxation syndrome is a legitimate, potentially testable, theoretical construct for which there is little experimental evidence. Acceptable as hypothesis, the widespread assertion of the clinical meaningfulness of this notion brings ridicule from the scientific and health care communities and
1572:
origins, and claims of its far reaching effects on health and disease. Although some chiropractic associations and colleges support the concept of subluxation, many in the chiropractic profession reject it and shun the use of this term as a diagnosis. In the United States and in Canada the term
1520:
The specific focus of chiropractic practice is known as the chiropractic subluxation or joint dysfunction. A subluxation is a health concern that manifests in the skeletal joints, and, through complex anatomical and physiological relationships, affects the nervous system and may lead to reduced
2131:
made an open statement which included: "The teaching of the vertebral subluxation complex as a vitalistic construct that claims that it is the cause of disease is unsupported by evidence. Its inclusion in a modern chiropractic curriculum in anything other than an historic context is therefore
1527:
In 1996 an official consensus definition of subluxation was formed. Cooperstein and
Gleberzon have described the situation: "... although many in the chiropractic profession reject the concept of "subluxation" and shun the use of this term as a diagnosis, the presidents of at least a dozen
2175:
A significant and continuing barrier to scientific progress within chiropractic are the anti-scientific and pseudo-scientific ideas (Keating 1997b) which have sustained the profession throughout a century of intense struggle with political medicine. Chiropractors' tendency to assert the
1937:
According to various gossip columnists in chiropractic, our profession appears to be currently enmeshed in a brutal civil war between BOOP (bone-out-of-place) practitioners and low back pain practitioners. It should be known that the BOOPers incorrectly call themselves subluxation-based
2071:
existence and reliable identification of vertebral subluxation, and vertebral subluxation is found to be an important public health problem, society at large will not care about its correction. Thus, "subluxation correction" alone is not a viable option for chiropractic's future.
1494:
A lesion or dysfunction in a joint or motion segment in which alignment, movement integrity and/or physiological function are altered, although contact between joint surfaces remains intact. It is essentially a functional entity, which may influence biomechanical and neural
1796:
Nerve compression hypothesis: suggests that when the vertebrae are out of alignment, the nerve roots and/or spinal cord can become pinched or irritated. While the most commonly referenced hypothesis, and easiest for a patient to understand, it may be the least likely to
1300:
means pressure on nerves, abnormal functions creating a lesion in some portion of the body, either in its action or makeup (defined by D.D. Palmer and B.J. Palmer, founders of chiropractic). Chiropractors claim subluxations are not necessarily visible on
1833:
with signs and symptoms which include: altered alignment; aberrant motion; palpable soft tissue changes; localized/referred pain; muscle contraction or imbalance; altered physiological function; reversible with adjustment/manipulation; focal tenderness.
2056:
An area of debate among chiropractors is whether "vertebral subluxation" is a metaphysical concept (as posited in B. J. Palmer's philosophy of chiropractic) or a real phenomenon. In an article on vertebral subluxation, the chiropractic authors wrote:
1341:
is a "dysfunction in a joint or motion segment in which alignment, movement integrity and/or physiological function are altered, although contact between joint surfaces remains intact". Chiropractic subluxation should not be confused with a medical
1381:
Nerves carry impulses outward and sensations inward. The activity of these nerves, or rather their fibers, may become excited or allayed by impingement, the result being a modification of functionatingâtoo much or not enough actionâwhich is
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Nansel D, Szlazak M (1995). "Somatic dysfunction and the phenomenon of visceral disease simulation: a probable explanation for the apparent effectiveness of somatic therapy in patients presumed to be suffering from true visceral disease".
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The vertebral subluxation cannot be precisely defined because it is an abstraction, an intellectual construct used by chiropractors, chiropractic researchers, educators and others to explain the success of the chiropractic adjustment.
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1676:
Historically, the detection of spinal misalignment (subluxations) by the chiropractic profession has relied on X-ray findings and physical examination. At least two of the following four physical signs and/or
2465:... considered disease the result of spinal nerve dysfunction caused by misplaced (subluxated) vertebrae. Although rejected by medical science, this concept is still accepted by a minority of chiropractors.
1635:, these difficulties were discussed in detail. He noted that the WHO recognizes the differences between the two types of "subluxations", and also pointed out certain difficulties for chiropractors:
1480:
Chiropractors use and have used various terms to express this concept: subluxation, vertebral subluxation (VS), vertebral subluxation complex (VSC), "killer subluxations", and the "silent killer".
1311:
continue to follow Palmer's tradition, claiming that vertebral subluxation has considerable health effects and also adding a visceral component to the definition. Mainstream medicine and some
2007:
chiropractic profession. The usefulness of spinal manipulation for organic disorders is not supported by evidence. Chiropractic professors and researchers, Nansel and
Szlazak, found that:
2939:
Seaman D, Winterstein J (1998). "Dysafferentation: a novel term for the neuropathophysiological effects of joint complex dysfunction. A look at likely mechanisms of symptom generation".
1604:
To be fair, statements by some chiropractors have tended to perpetuate this misunderstanding: "Pressure on nerves causes irritation and tension with deranged functions as a result."
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Some chiropractors have described the disagreements within the profession about the concept, and have written skeptically about BOOP as an antiquated idea. In 1992 one wrote:
1539:
general health. A subluxation is evaluated, diagnosed, and managed through the use of chiropractic procedures based on the best available rational and empirical evidence.
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The chiropractic vertebral subluxation complex has been a source of controversy since its inception in 1895 due to the lack of empirical evidence for its existence, its
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673:
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Suter E, Vanderheyden LC, Trojan LS, Verhoef MJ, Armitage GD (February 2007). "How important is research-based practice to chiropractors and massage therapists?".
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At the time of writing (August 2014) it was still uncertain which codes in the newer ICD-10 would be useful for chiropractors and how they would be interpreted.
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The differences between a medical subluxation and a chiropractic "vertebral subluxation" create confusion and difficulties when it comes to following official
1549:, representing the national chiropractic associations in 77 countries, adopted this consensus statement which reaffirms belief in the vertebral subluxation.
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2153:
1272:
348:
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Phillips RB (2005). "The evolution of vitalism and materialism and its impact on philosophy". In
Haldeman S, Dagenais S, Budgell B, et al. (eds.).
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which is a high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) thrust to the dysfunctional spinal segments to help correct the chiropractic subluxation complex.
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Chiropractors along with some physical therapists and osteopathic physicians, have also used another term, BOOP, meaning "bone out of place".
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Somatosomatic reflex hypothesis: afferent impulses from one part of the body can result in reflex activity in other parts of the body.
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V. Strang, D.C., describes several hypotheses on how a misaligned vertebra may cause interference to the nervous system in his book,
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Somatosympathetic reflex hypothesis: all the visceral organ functions can be reflexly affected by cutaneous or muscular stimulation.
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chiropractors believe that the presence of vertebral subluxation is in itself justification for correction via spinal adjustment.
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back to normal. All this is directed, controlled, and performed by INNATE INTELLIGENCE' (Ref: BJP Fame and
Fortune Vol. XXXIII)
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In an article written in 2004, Seaman openly disparaged the idea still propounded by "modern-day advocates of this concept":
1581:. Other chiropractors consider subluxation as more of an abstract concept rather than a medical condition. Tedd Koren says,
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has stated that the "core concepts of chiropractic, subluxation and spinal manipulation, are not based on sound science."
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Proprioceptive insult hypothesis: focuses on articular alterations causing hyperactivity of the sensory nerve fibers.
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should not be confused with the term's precise usage in medicine, which considers only the anatomical relationships.
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corrected with spinal "adjustments". After searching the scientific literature, the chiropractic authors concluded:
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Somatopsychic hypothesis: the effects of a subluxation on the ascending paths of the reticular activating system.
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120:
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378:
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for the existence of chiropractic subluxations or proof they or their treatment have any effects on health.
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813:
693:
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Other chiropractic researchers have also questioned some of the claimed effects of vertebral subluxation:
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which, according to the WHO, is a "significant structural displacement", and therefore visible on X-rays.
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60:
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Neurodystrophic hypothesis: focuses on lowered tissue resistance that results from abnormal innervation.
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Bolton P (2000). "Reflex effects of vertebral subluxations: the peripheral nervous system. An update".
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success of the adjustment (nerve impingement, disease, subluxations) followed its clinical discovery.
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728:
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An epidemiological examination of the subluxation construct using Hill's criteria of causation.
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In 2005, four leading chiropractic researchers leveled strong critiques of chiropractic dogma:
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This is not a unique state of affairs, abstract entities populate many branches of science...
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find a subluxation that corresponds to every type of disease. If we had one hundred cases of
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2972:"The organisation of the stress response, and its relevance to chiropractors: a commentary"
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supportive evidence suggests the subluxation construct has no valid clinical applicability.
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Psychogenic hypothesis: emotions, such as stress, causing contraction in skeletal muscles.
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If Not Nerve
Interference, Then What? Mechanical Low Back and Neck Pain? Not Good Choices
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Viscerosomatic reflex hypothesis: visceral afferent fibers cause reflex somatic problems.
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The purported displacement is not necessarily visible on static imaging studies, such as
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1390:, incorrectly claimed that chiropractic subluxation caused contagious diseases, writing:
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Dentate ligament-cord distortion hypothesis: upper cervical misalignment can cause the
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Traditionally there have been five components that form the chiropractic subluxation.
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and says that this mimicry leads to unnecessary surgical procedures and medications.
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Other chiropractors have declared its unproven status as an area that needs reform:
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1138:
1011:
890:
778:
703:
603:
598:
504:
499:
450:
413:
358:
343:
168:
164:
71:
28:
2197:
Keating JC Jr; Charlton KH; Grod JP; Perle SM; Sikorski D; Winterstein JF (2005).
2839:
2607:
2387:
4341:
4102:
3828:
3818:
3686:
3636:
2581:
2477:
2277:
2253:(1997). "Chiropractic: science and antiscience and pseudoscience side by side".
2079:
article describes the mainstream understanding of vertebral subluxation theory:
1847:
1778:
1770:
1761:
It has been proposed that a vertebral subluxation can negatively affect general
1708:
1569:
1504:
1387:
1343:
1128:
1046:
758:
683:
678:
618:
398:
368:
318:
313:
278:
225:
32:
2365:
1608:
theories are useful tools, but their limitations should always be kept in mind.
4581:
4411:
4391:
4386:
4274:
4269:
4244:
4239:
4129:
4064:
3995:
3963:
3870:
3838:
3778:
3575:
3448:
2695:
1355:
1226:
723:
708:
698:
586:
333:
283:
1394:
Chiropractors have found in every disease that is supposed to be contagious,
4557:
An
Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
4466:
4284:
4234:
4202:
4177:
4042:
3848:
3823:
3788:
3590:
3533:
2988:
2665:"Guidance on claims made for the chiropractic vertebral subluxation complex"
2319:
2217:
1921:
historical concept with no evidence identifying it as the cause of disease.
1403:
1148:
1108:
1083:
788:
748:
613:
3085:
3042:
3007:
2460:
2451:
2373:
2338:
2236:
1532:(ACC) developed a consensus definition of "subluxation" in 1996. It reads:
3224:â Ronald Carter, DC, MA, Past President, Canadian Chiropractic Association
2952:
2925:
4224:
3783:
3758:
3706:
3666:
3585:
2826:
1830:
1678:
1061:
969:
808:
262:
3161:"Clinical and Professional Chiropractic Education: a Position Statement"
2303:"Chiropractic at the crossroads or are we just going around in circles?"
1900:
Chiropractic treatment of vertebral subluxation focuses on delivering a
4471:
4371:
4304:
4214:
4167:
4134:
3104:
Bringing
Chiropractic Into the Mainstream in the 21st Century â Part II
1872: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1733: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1153:
1071:
1036:
1026:
768:
4279:
2388:
Guidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice parameters
1933:
Chiropractor David Seaman wrote in 1994 about the "brutal civil war":
1762:
1241:
1066:
1021:
688:
2696:
Chiropractic in the United States: Training, Practice, and
Research
2037:
Professor Philip S. Bolton of the School of
Biomedical Sciences at
3853:
2560:, 463 pages. Book search with numerous mentions of BOOP's history.
1908:
is the primary procedure used by chiropractors in the adjustment.
1766:
1500:
1347:
1302:
1118:
1093:
974:
524:
1415:
and then because they become so many they are classed as a cause.
3474:
1103:
957:
3478:
3231:
3227:
2111:
In 2015, internationally accredited chiropractic colleges from
1916:
The chiropractic subluxation is the heart of the split between
2479:
The Vertebral Subluxation Complex: An Integrative Perspective.
1954:
1841:
1702:
1487:
1423:
101:
40:
2159:. Association for the History of Chiropractic. Archived from
1552:
The ACC paradigm has been criticized by chiropractic authors:
2029:
Still other chiropractic researchers stated quite directly:
3926:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2405:
WHO guidelines on basic training and safety in chiropractic
1056:
2845:
Dynamic Chiropractic, March 27, 1992, Volume 10, Issue 07.
2489:
ICA International Review of Chiropractic 1992 (Mar): 25-27
1503:. This is in contrast to the medical definition of spinal
2435:"Chiropractors and vaccination: a historical perspective"
1986:
1455:
2420:
Portland, Oregon: Portland Printing House Company p. 20.
1982:
1490:
definition of the chiropractic vertebral subluxation is:
1451:
1978:
1765:
by altering the neurological communication between the
1447:
125:
2354:
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
2044:
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2841:
One Step Further: The Vertebral Subluxation Syndrome
2646:
WFC Lays Foundation for Worldwide Chiropractic Unity
1319:
and dispute these claims, as there is no scientific
4536:
4500:
4327:
4160:
4090:
3894:
3629:
3616:
3521:
3414:
3393:
3372:
3349:
3296:
3265:
1681:must be documented to qualify for reimbursement :
193:
183:
176:
151:
2500:Position paper on caring for asymptomatic patients
1829:The vertebral subluxation has been described as a
2821:Davenport : Palmer College of Chiropractic,
167:performing a precise vertebral adjustment of the
2694:Robert D. Mootz, DC; Paul G. Shekelle, MD, PhD.
2400:
2398:
2396:
2418:The Science, Art and Philosophy of Chiropractic
2127:, Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, and
2104:
2095:
2084:For this reason, it is called an "adjustment."
2081:
2068:
2059:
1613:International Classification of Diseases coding
1583:
3204:Vertebral Subluxation in Chiropractic Practice
2734:"Coding for the Subluxation: ICD-9 vs. ICD-10"
2670:. General Chiropractic Council. Archived from
1361:, whose practitioners (chiropractors) are not
3515:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
3490:
3243:
1981:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
1822:ligaments to put a stress on the spinal cord.
1450:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
1273:
8:
3121:Chiropractic Treatment: What You Should Know
2795:"ACA CMS Clinical Documentation Guidelines"
2727:
2725:
2640:
2638:
2428:
2426:
3626:
3497:
3483:
3475:
3250:
3236:
3228:
2762:"Models of Vertebral Subluxation:A Review"
2433:Campbell JB, Busse JW, Injeyan HS (2000).
1280:
1266:
349:Association for Research and Enlightenment
204:
157:
70:. Please do not remove this message until
4623:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
4564:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
3210:Models of Vertebral Subluxation: A Review
3075:
2997:
2987:
2769:Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research
2450:
2328:
2318:
2226:
2216:
1888:Learn how and when to remove this message
1777:. Although individuals may not always be
1749:Learn how and when to remove this message
1410:find a subluxation and you will find the
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
2882:, September 23, 1994, Vol. 12, Issue 20.
2606:Robert Cooperstein, Brian J. Gleberzon.
2578:National Board of Chiropractic Examiners
1512:National Board of Chiropractic Examiners
1406:, I can prove to you where, in one, you
66:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4528:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
3168:Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie
3110:, September 1, 2005, Vol. 23, Issue 18.
2856:Does Chiropractic Have All the Answers?
2709:"Does the Vertebral Subluxation Exist?"
2274:Principles and Practice of Chiropractic
2141:
2088:such a way as to affect organ function.
216:
31:concept. For medical subluxations, see
148:
3058:"Chiropractic: a critical evaluation"
1972:too many or overly lengthy quotations
1441:too many or overly lengthy quotations
1377:, the founder of chiropractic, wrote:
7:
3125:Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
2863:, March 27, 1992, Vol. 10, Issue 07.
2819:Essential Principles of Chiropractic
2152:; Cleveland CS III; Menke M (2005).
2077:Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
1870:adding citations to reliable sources
1790:Essential Principles of Chiropractic
1731:adding citations to reliable sources
1530:Association of Chiropractic Colleges
2800:. American Chiropractic Association
2386:Haldeman, Chapman-Smith, Petersen.
2307:Chiropractic & Manual Therapies
1658:Neuropathophysiology/Neuropathology
4577:James Randi Educational Foundation
3216:Chiropractic's Elusive Subluxation
3206:â Council on Chiropractic Practice
2901:, June 3, 2004, Vol. 22, Issue 12.
2654:, July 2, 2001, Vol. 19, Issue 14.
2039:University of Newcastle, Australia
1912:Disagreement amongst practitioners
25:
3077:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.07.004
2732:Gwilliam, Evan (15 August 2014),
2608:Technique systems in chiropractic
2542:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
419:Chiropractic treatment techniques
3974:StraussâHowe generational theory
3952:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3749:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
2199:"Subluxation: dogma or science?"
2154:"Chiropractic history: a primer"
2132:inappropriate and unnecessary."
1959:
1846:
1707:
1547:World Federation of Chiropractic
1521:function, disability or illness.
1428:
1222:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
224:
106:
45:
4602:The Natural History of Quackery
4544:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
3222:Subluxation â The Silent Killer
1857:needs additional citations for
1718:needs additional citations for
258:Alternative veterinary medicine
199:differs from country to country
4667:Alternative medical treatments
3119:Robin Brett Parnes, MS, MPH, "
2121:University of Southern Denmark
881:Water fluoridation controversy
837:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
3147:Chiropractic & Osteopathy
3035:10.1016/S0161-4754(00)90075-7
2976:Chiropractic & Osteopathy
2891:David Seaman, DC, MS, DABCN.
2872:David Seaman, DC, MS, DABCN.
2498:World Chiropractic Alliance.
1625:coding. In a 2014 article in
1528:chiropractic colleges of the
1350:. Chiropractic is a field of
1252:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1237:Multiple chemical sensitivity
364:Biological terrain assessment
4609:The Psychology of the Occult
3864:Traditional Chinese medicine
3739:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
3596:Superseded scientific theory
2476:Joseph M. Flesia, Jr., D.C.
1633:certified professional coder
1563:General Chiropractic Council
1386:In 1909, D.D. Palmer's son,
4220:Electronic voice phenomenon
4077:MyersâBriggs Type Indicator
3937:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
3394:International organizations
3023:J Manipulative Physiol Ther
2970:Hardy K, Pollard H (2006).
2941:J Manipulative Physiol Ther
2914:J Manipulative Physiol Ther
2874:Nociception and Subluxation
2838:M.I. Gatterman, M.A., D.C.
2742:, vol. 32, no. 16
2505:September 11, 2006, at the
2485:September 25, 2006, at the
2407:, p. 4, including footnote.
1691:Range of motion abnormality
1631:by a chiropractor who is a
1315:consider these ideas to be
913:Alternative medical systems
542:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
308:Fringe medicine and science
189:Manipulative and body-based
119:to comply with Knowledge's
72:conditions to do so are met
4688:
4616:The Ragged Edge of Science
4347:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
4290:Pseudoscientific metrology
3814:Miracle Mineral Supplement
3170:. May 2015. Archived from
2539:The chiropractic theories.
2521:"Bone Out of Place â Boop"
2519:Spinal Injury Foundation.
2366:10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.12.013
2129:University of Johannesburg
1398:. In the spinal column we
923:Biologically based therapy
483:Dental amalgam controversy
27:This article is about the
26:
4230:Facilitated communication
3512:
3457:
3288:Controversy and criticism
2117:University of South Wales
1775:peripheral nervous system
1335:World Health Organization
547:Facilitated communication
156:
4630:The Skeptic's Dictionary
4188:Biological transmutation
4108:Faster-than-light travel
4082:Enneagram of Personality
4048:Recovered-memory therapy
3932:9/11 conspiracy theories
3341:Torque release technique
3321:Koren Specific Technique
2613:Elsevier Health Sciences
1979:summarize the quotations
1577:may be used in place of
1448:summarize the quotations
1339:chiropractic subluxation
1212:Candida hypersensitivity
394:Fake COVID-19 treatments
208:This article is part of
132:may contain suggestions.
117:may need to be rewritten
4595:The Demon-Haunted World
4513:Bourgeois pseudoscience
3947:COVID-19 misinformation
3886:Young blood transfusion
3657:Anthroposophic medicine
3283:Veterinary chiropractic
3218:â Stephen Barrett, M.D.
2989:10.1186/1746-1340-14-25
2644:Donald M. Petersen Jr.
2320:10.1186/2045-709X-19-11
2218:10.1186/1746-1340-13-17
1902:chiropractic adjustment
1655:Spinal Kinesiopathology
886:COVID-19 misinformation
814:Young blood transfusion
694:Orthomolecular medicine
659:Mindâbody interventions
329:Anthroposophic medicine
269:Rise of modern medicine
4427:Corentin Louis Kervran
4295:Rapid prompting method
4183:Biodynamic agriculture
4173:Aquatic ape hypothesis
4031:Historical negationism
3734:Doctrine of signatures
3601:True-believer syndrome
3212:â Christopher Kent, DC
2452:10.1542/peds.105.4.e43
2113:Bournemouth University
2109:
2100:
2090:
2073:
2064:
2035:
2027:
2014:
1948:
1940:
1931:
1918:"straight" and "mixer"
1688:Asymmetry/misalignment
1641:
1610:
1559:
1541:
1523:
1497:
1417:
1384:
1309:Straight chiropractors
918:Mindâbody intervention
869:MMR vaccine and autism
859:Vaccine misinformation
754:Rapid prompting method
18:Vertebral subluxations
4672:Alternative diagnoses
4432:The Light (newspaper)
4422:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
4417:William Donald Kelley
4310:Voice stress analysis
3942:Climate change denial
3881:Wind turbine syndrome
3876:Vertebral subluxation
3769:Germ theory denialism
3434:Joseph C. Keating Jr.
3306:Cervical manipulation
3063:J Pain Symptom Manage
2251:Joseph C. Keating Jr.
2150:Joseph C. Keating Jr.
2031:
2022:
2009:
1951:Evidence of condition
1944:
1935:
1926:
1637:
1554:
1536:
1518:
1492:
1392:
1379:
1352:alternative treatment
1328:vertebral subluxation
1298:vertebral subluxation
1247:Vertebral subluxation
1196:Alternative diagnoses
784:Thought Field Therapy
424:Vertebral subluxation
152:Vertebral subluxation
4382:Ignatius L. Donnelly
4053:Past life regression
3912:Arabian Judah theory
3859:Traditional medicine
3652:Alternative medicine
3581:Pathological science
3177:on February 24, 2018
3108:Dynamic Chiropractic
2898:Dynamic Chiropractic
2879:Dynamic Chiropractic
2860:Dynamic Chiropractic
2739:Dynamic Chiropractic
2651:Dynamic Chiropractic
2125:University of ZĂŒrich
1866:improve this article
1727:improve this article
1628:Dynamic Chiropractic
1593:new observations...
1575:nonallopathic lesion
1396:a cause in the spine
1326:The use of the word
1217:Chronic Lyme disease
946:Traditional medicine
928:Manipulative methods
729:Postural Integration
592:Bach flower remedies
468:Craniosacral therapy
296:Therapeutic nihilism
241:Alternative medicine
218:Alternative medicine
185:NCCIH Classification
38:Chiropractic concept
4518:Demarcation problem
4352:Brigitte Boisselier
3981:Hollow Earth theory
3964:Generational theory
3662:Applied kinesiology
3311:Activator technique
3278:Sports chiropractic
2301:Reggars JW (2011).
1694:Tissue/tone changes
1685:Pain and tenderness
1667:Biochemical changes
1359:mainstream medicine
1313:mixer chiropractors
864:Vaccines and autism
854:Anti-vaccinationism
847:OPV AIDS hypothesis
649:Megavitamin therapy
562:Functional medicine
339:Applied kinesiology
235:General information
178:Alternative therapy
59:of this article is
4588:Skeptical Inquirer
4487:Paul Joseph Watson
4462:Hans Alfred Nieper
4300:Statement analysis
4250:Intelligent design
4125:Reactionless drive
3959:Conversion therapy
3907:Ancient astronauts
3794:Leaky gut syndrome
3774:HIV/AIDS denialism
3529:Cargo cult science
3373:Accrediting bodies
3331:Myofascial release
3316:Gonstead technique
3150:2009, 17:13, 2009.
2573:About Chiropractic
2280:. pp. 65â76.
2255:Skeptical Inquirer
1232:Leaky gut syndrome
1207:Aerotoxic syndrome
1144:Prophetic medicine
842:HIV/AIDS denialism
669:Myofascial release
577:Holistic dentistry
557:Feldenkrais Method
537:Estrogen dominance
463:Conversion therapy
4639:
4638:
4550:Cults of Unreason
4523:Scientific method
4452:Ministry of Ayush
4397:Nicholas Gonzalez
4323:
4322:
4260:Law of attraction
4240:Flat Earth theory
4120:Quantum mysticism
4060:Scientific racism
4016:Pseudoarchaeology
3922:Conspiracy theory
3620:characterized as
3564:Pseudomathematics
3554:Pseudoarchaeology
3472:
3471:
3444:Clarence Gonstead
3336:Spinal adjustment
2854:Terry Elder, DC.
2817:Strang, V (1984)
2630:978-0-443-07413-4
2558:978-0-683-30747-4
2537:Robert A. Leach.
2527:on 17 March 2008.
2416:Palmer DD (1910)
2287:978-0-07-137534-4
2004:
2003:
1906:Spinal adjustment
1898:
1897:
1890:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1473:
1472:
1420:Clinical practice
1333:According to the
1290:
1289:
1017:Chinese herbology
774:Scientific racism
739:Psychodermatology
644:Medical intuitive
624:Lightning Process
582:Hologram bracelet
530:Therapeutic touch
431:Christian Science
404:Cancer treatments
203:
202:
147:
146:
121:quality standards
100:
99:
92:
16:(Redirected from
4679:
4492:Andrew Wakefield
4193:Creation science
4152:Water-fueled car
4114:Perpetual motion
4036:Holocaust denial
4006:Nibiru cataclysm
4001:Nazi archaeology
3804:Macrobiotic diet
3627:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3476:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3229:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3165:
3157:
3151:
3134:
3128:
3117:
3111:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3079:
3056:Ernst E (2008).
3053:
3047:
3046:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3001:
2991:
2967:
2961:
2958:Full text online
2956:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2908:
2902:
2889:
2883:
2870:
2864:
2852:
2846:
2836:
2830:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2766:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2642:
2633:
2604:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2584:on June 19, 2015
2580:, archived from
2567:
2561:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2523:. Archived from
2516:
2510:
2496:
2490:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2454:
2430:
2421:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2391:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2322:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2276:(3rd ed.).
2269:
2263:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2204:Chiropr Osteopat
2194:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2146:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1850:
1842:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1711:
1703:
1561:In May 2010 the
1510:As of 2014, the
1468:
1465:
1459:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1317:pseudoscientific
1282:
1275:
1268:
1032:Gill plate trade
794:Vaginal steaming
441:Colloidal silver
409:Charcoal cleanse
228:
205:
161:
149:
142:
139:
133:
110:
102:
95:
88:
84:
81:
75:
49:
48:
41:
21:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4532:
4508:Bogdanov affair
4496:
4476:Claude Vorilhon
4362:Robert Charroux
4337:Sucharit Bhakdi
4329:
4319:
4156:
4086:
4026:Genocide denial
3991:Japhetic theory
3986:Indigo children
3902:2012 phenomenon
3890:
3834:Patent medicine
3754:Energy medicine
3727:Colon cleansing
3712:Crystal healing
3647:Adrenal fatigue
3621:
3619:
3612:
3517:
3508:
3503:
3473:
3468:
3453:
3410:
3389:
3368:
3345:
3292:
3261:
3256:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3135:
3131:
3118:
3114:
3097:
3093:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3020:
3019:
3015:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2890:
2886:
2871:
2867:
2853:
2849:
2837:
2833:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2745:
2743:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2643:
2636:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2536:
2532:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2507:Wayback Machine
2497:
2493:
2487:Wayback Machine
2475:
2471:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2381:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2196:
2195:
2182:
2169:
2167:
2166:on 19 June 2013
2163:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:or excerpts to
1976:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1914:
1894:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1863:
1851:
1840:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1724:
1712:
1701:
1674:
1649:
1615:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1454:or excerpts to
1445:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1412:same conditions
1371:
1363:medical doctors
1286:
1257:
1256:
1202:Adrenal fatigue
1197:
1189:
1188:
963:Southern Africa
948:
938:
937:
908:
906:Classifications
898:
897:
874:in chiropractic
832:
824:
823:
744:Quantum healing
734:Psychic surgery
609:Ionized jewelry
572:Herbal medicine
520:Esoteric energy
510:Energy medicine
478:Cupping therapy
473:Crystal healing
446:Colon cleansing
384:Bowen technique
354:Auriculotherapy
309:
301:
300:
236:
172:
143:
137:
134:
124:
111:
96:
85:
79:
76:
65:
50:
46:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4685:
4683:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4657:Fringe science
4654:
4644:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4501:Related topics
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4482:Randolph Stone
4479:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:Theodor Morell
4454:
4449:
4447:Joseph Mercola
4444:
4442:Jenny McCarthy
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4407:Graham Hancock
4404:
4402:Goop (company)
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4377:Vernon Coleman
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4142:Teleportationâ
4139:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4070:Melanin theory
4067:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4018:
4013:
4011:Parapsychology
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3895:Social science
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3844:Primal therapy
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3809:Magnet therapy
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3722:Detoxification
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3624:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3607:Voodoo Science
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3549:Fringe science
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3470:
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3466:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3326:Manual therapy
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3199:
3198:External links
3196:
3193:
3192:
3152:
3129:
3112:
3091:
3048:
3013:
2962:
2931:
2903:
2884:
2865:
2847:
2831:
2810:
2786:
2752:
2721:
2699:
2687:
2656:
2634:
2594:
2562:
2530:
2511:
2491:
2469:
2422:
2409:
2392:
2379:
2344:
2293:
2286:
2264:
2242:
2180:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2002:
2001:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1913:
1910:
1896:
1895:
1854:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1816:
1813:
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1798:
1757:
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1715:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:Histopathology
1662:
1659:
1656:
1648:
1645:
1614:
1611:
1543:
1542:
1525:
1524:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1370:
1367:
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1234:
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1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:Pressure point
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
983:
982:
977:
967:
966:
965:
960:
949:
944:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
933:Energy therapy
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
904:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
894:
893:
883:
878:
877:
876:
871:
866:
861:
851:
850:
849:
839:
833:
830:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
819:Zero balancing
816:
811:
806:
804:Vision therapy
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
719:Parapsychology
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
639:Manual therapy
636:
634:Magnet therapy
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
595:
594:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
507:
502:
497:
496:
495:
488:Detoxification
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
454:
453:
443:
438:
433:
428:
427:
426:
421:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
293:
292:
291:
281:
276:
271:
266:
265:(health fraud)
260:
255:
254:
253:
248:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
221:
220:
214:
213:
201:
200:
197:
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187:
181:
180:
174:
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162:
154:
153:
145:
144:
114:
112:
105:
98:
97:
53:
51:
44:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4684:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4571:Fortean Times
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:Deepak Chopra
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:pseudoscience
4326:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4198:Cryptozoology
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Anti-gravityâ
4096:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4021:Pseudohistory
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:Generationism
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:5G conspiracy
3925:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Catastrophism
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:FasciaBlaster
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:Correactology
3700:
3698:
3697:Chromotherapy
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:pseudoscience
3615:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:Pseudohistory
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3544:Fringe theory
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3506:Pseudoscience
3500:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3070:(5): 544â62.
3069:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3052:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2947:(4): 267â80.
2946:
2942:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2920:(6): 379â97.
2919:
2915:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2760:Kent, Chris.
2756:
2753:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2710:
2707:Koren, Tedd.
2703:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2677:on 2011-04-16
2673:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2622:0-443-07413-5
2619:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2570:NBCE (2014),
2566:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2550:0-683-30747-9
2547:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2383:
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2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:(2): 109â15.
2359:
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2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1968:This section
1966:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
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1925:
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1919:
1911:
1909:
1907:
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1892:
1889:
1881:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1855:This section
1853:
1849:
1844:
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1837:
1835:
1832:
1824:
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1817:
1814:
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1776:
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1768:
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1753:
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1742:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1716:This section
1714:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
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1680:
1671:
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1496:
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1467:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1437:This section
1435:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
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1397:
1391:
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1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Faith healing
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
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1065:
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1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Bush medicine
995:
993:
990:
988:
987:Balneotherapy
985:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
971:
968:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
954:
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910:
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860:
857:
856:
855:
852:
848:
845:
844:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
831:Controversies
828:
827:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:Vegetotherapy
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
714:Ozone therapy
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
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665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:Lymphotherapy
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:Hair analysis
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
552:FasciaBlaster
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
515:Correactology
513:
512:
511:
508:
506:
503:
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498:
494:
491:
490:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
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469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
458:Colorpuncture
456:
452:
449:
448:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Chromotherapy
434:
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342:
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332:
330:
327:
325:
324:Alkaline diet
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
305:
304:
297:
294:
290:
287:
286:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Pseudoscience
272:
270:
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264:
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256:
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127:
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118:
115:This article
113:
109:
104:
103:
94:
91:
83:
73:
69:
63:
62:
58:
52:
43:
42:
34:
30:
19:
4652:Chiropractic
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4437:Mike Lindell
4357:Rhonda Byrne
4328:Promoters of
4315:Water memory
4255:Laundry ball
4147:Tractor beam
4103:Cold fusionâ
3875:
3799:Lunar effect
3744:Ear candling
3692:Chiropractic
3682:Bloodletting
3672:Bates method
3642:Aromatherapy
3605:
3571:Junk science
3461:
3439:Joseph Janse
3266:Chiropractic
3259:Chiropractic
3186:
3179:. Retrieved
3172:the original
3167:
3155:
3145:
3137:
3132:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3094:
3067:
3061:
3051:
3029:(2): 101â3.
3026:
3022:
3016:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2896:
2887:
2877:
2868:
2858:
2850:
2840:
2834:
2818:
2813:
2802:. Retrieved
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2772:
2768:
2755:
2744:, retrieved
2737:
2712:. Retrieved
2702:
2690:
2679:. Retrieved
2672:the original
2659:
2649:
2632:, 387 pages.
2611:
2586:, retrieved
2582:the original
2572:
2565:
2541:
2533:
2525:the original
2514:
2494:
2478:
2472:
2464:
2442:
2438:
2417:
2412:
2382:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2273:
2267:
2258:
2254:
2245:
2208:
2202:
2174:
2168:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2144:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2051:Edzard Ernst
2049:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1995:January 2021
1992:
1977:Please help
1969:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1899:
1884:
1878:January 2019
1875:
1864:Please help
1859:verification
1856:
1828:
1789:
1787:
1760:
1745:
1739:January 2019
1736:
1725:Please help
1720:verification
1717:
1675:
1661:Myopathology
1650:
1642:
1638:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1574:
1570:metaphysical
1567:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1545:In 2001 the
1544:
1537:
1526:
1519:
1509:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1464:January 2021
1461:
1446:Please help
1438:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1307:
1297:
1294:chiropractic
1291:
1246:
1169:Thai massage
1139:Naftalan oil
1012:Blood stasis
891:Turbo cancer
779:ThetaHealing
704:Osteomyology
604:Hypnotherapy
599:Hydrotherapy
505:Ear candling
500:Dry needling
451:Coffee enema
423:
414:Chiropractic
379:Bone-setting
359:Bates method
344:Aromatherapy
171:on a patient
169:lumbar spine
165:chiropractor
135:
126:You can help
116:
86:
77:
55:
29:chiropractic
4342:Del Bigtree
3829:Panchagavya
3819:Naturopathy
3687:Body memory
3637:Acupuncture
3522:Terminology
3429:B.J. Palmer
3424:D.D. Palmer
3364:Credentials
2779:January 22,
2714:January 22,
2588:February 1,
2278:McGraw-Hill
2261:(4): 37â43.
1779:symptomatic
1771:spinal cord
1579:subluxation
1505:subluxation
1476:Definitions
1388:B.J. Palmer
1375:D.D. Palmer
1344:subluxation
1129:Mien Shiang
1047:Moxibustion
759:Reflexology
684:Oil pulling
679:Naturopathy
619:Jilly Juice
399:Camel urine
369:Black salve
319:Acupuncture
314:Acupressure
279:Antiscience
251:Terminology
33:Subluxation
4646:Categories
4582:Quackwatch
4412:David Icke
4392:Max Gerson
4387:Gaia, Inc.
4275:Numerology
4270:Lysenkoism
4265:Levitation
4245:Graphology
4130:Dean drive
4065:Aryan race
3996:Mediumship
3871:Trepanning
3839:Phrenology
3779:Homeopathy
3677:Biorhythms
3576:Paranormal
3449:Tedd Koren
3298:Techniques
2982:(14): 25.
2804:2008-05-06
2681:2010-11-04
2445:(4): e43.
2439:Pediatrics
2170:2008-06-16
2136:References
2041:writes in
1987:Wikisource
1647:Components
1495:integrity.
1456:Wikisource
1356:scientific
1227:Heavy legs
1184:Vietnamese
1164:Sri Lankan
724:Phrenology
709:Osteopathy
699:Orthopathy
587:Homeopathy
493:Foot detox
389:Breathwork
334:Apitherapy
289:Scientific
284:Skepticism
57:neutrality
4537:Resources
4467:Mehmet Oz
4285:Polygraph
4235:Feng shui
4203:Dianetics
4178:Astrology
4043:Pseudolaw
3849:Radionics
3824:Palmistry
3789:Iridology
3591:Snake oil
3534:Charlatan
3351:Education
3136:Mirtz TA
2746:12 August
2211:(1): 17.
1983:Wikiquote
1970:contains
1838:Procedure
1699:Rationale
1672:Diagnosis
1452:Wikiquote
1439:contains
1404:small-pox
1382:dis-ease.
1373:In 1910,
1337:(WHO), a
1149:Shamanism
1134:Mongolian
1109:Kayakalpa
1084:Curandero
1002:Cambodian
992:Brazilian
789:Urophagia
749:Radionics
654:Mesmerism
614:Iridology
130:talk page
68:talk page
4662:Vitalism
4225:Eugenics
4208:Auditing
3784:Humorism
3759:Fad diet
3707:Cryonics
3667:Ayurveda
3630:Medicine
3586:Quackery
3463:Category
3098:Murphy,
3086:18280103
3043:10714535
3008:17044942
2827:12102972
2616:, 2004,
2544:, 2003,
2503:Archived
2483:Archived
2461:10742364
2374:17320731
2339:21599991
2237:16092955
1831:syndrome
1783:straight
1679:symptoms
1514:states:
1354:outside
1321:evidence
1119:Japanese
1062:San Jiao
1042:Meridian
970:Ayurveda
809:Vitalism
374:Bodywork
263:Quackery
210:a series
195:Legality
138:May 2024
80:May 2024
61:disputed
4372:Clonaid
4305:Ufology
4215:Dowsing
4168:Alchemy
4135:EMDrive
4091:Physics
3717:Cupping
3618:Topics
3385:CCE-USA
3359:Schools
3273:History
3181:June 3,
2999:1629015
2953:9608382
2926:7595111
2390:p. 103.
2330:3119029
2228:1208927
1820:dentate
1369:History
1174:Tibetan
1154:Shiatsu
1099:Iranian
1079:Chumash
1072:Zang-fu
1037:Long gu
1027:Gua sha
1007:Chinese
953:African
769:Rolfing
246:History
4280:Orgone
3416:People
3100:et al.
3084:
3041:
3006:
2996:
2951:
2924:
2825:
2628:
2620:
2556:
2548:
2459:
2372:
2337:
2327:
2313:: 11.
2284:
2235:
2225:
1797:occur.
1763:health
1623:ICD-10
1501:X-rays
1348:X-rays
1303:X-rays
1242:PANDAS
1159:Siddha
1124:Korean
1067:Tui na
1022:Dit da
689:Orgone
128:. The
4161:Other
3854:Reiki
3539:Crank
3175:(PDF)
3164:(PDF)
3138:et al
2798:(PDF)
2765:(PDF)
2675:(PDF)
2668:(PDF)
2164:(PDF)
2157:(PDF)
1767:brain
1619:ICD-9
1179:Unani
1114:Kambo
1094:Hilot
975:Dosha
525:Reiki
4472:Raël
3406:FICS
3380:CCEI
3183:2017
3082:PMID
3039:PMID
3004:PMID
2980:2006
2949:PMID
2922:PMID
2823:OCLC
2781:2019
2748:2014
2716:2019
2626:ISBN
2618:ISBN
2590:2015
2554:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2457:PMID
2370:PMID
2335:PMID
2282:ISBN
2233:PMID
1773:and
1621:and
1486:The
1408:will
1400:will
1296:, a
1104:Jamu
980:MVAH
958:Muti
764:RBOP
674:NAET
54:The
3401:WFC
3123:",
3106:",
3072:doi
3031:doi
2994:PMC
2984:doi
2775:(1)
2447:doi
2443:105
2362:doi
2325:PMC
2315:doi
2223:PMC
2213:doi
1868:by
1729:by
1488:WHO
1292:In
664:MMS
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