522:
50:
440:
577:
215:
645:
2316:
294:
2330:
659:
160:
313:
602:
consists in creation of networks for inclusion of private veterinary practices in randomized controlled trials. Although the FDA approves drugs for use in humans, the FDA keeps a separate "Green Book", which lists drugs approved specifically for veterinary medicine (about half of which are separately approved for use in humans).
567:
Some roles are specific to animals, but which have parallels in human society, such as animal grooming and animal massage. Some roles are specific to a species or group of animals, such as farriers, who are involved in the shoeing of horses, and in many cases have a major role to play in ensuring the
126:
transmitted from nonhuman animals to humans), food safety, and through human applications via medical research. They also help to maintain food supply through livestock health monitoring and treatment, and mental health by keeping pets healthy and long-living. Veterinary scientists often collaborate
584:
Veterinary research includes prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of animals, and basic biology, welfare, and care of animals. Veterinary research transcends species boundaries and includes the study of spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced models of both human and
601:
also are fundamental in veterinary medicine to establish the effectiveness of a treatment. Clinical veterinary research is far behind human medical research, though, with fewer randomized controlled trials, that have a lower quality and are mostly focused on research animals. Possible improvement
455:
In many countries, the local nomenclature for a vet is a protected term, meaning that people without the prerequisite qualifications and/or registration are not able to use the title, and in many cases, the activities that may be undertaken by a vet (such as animal treatment or surgery) are
339:
to the French herds, Bourgelat devoted his time to seeking out a remedy. This resulted in founding a veterinary school in Lyon in 1761, from which establishment he dispatched students to combat the disease; in a short time, the plague was stayed and the health of stock restored, through the
535:
Paraveterinary workers, including veterinary nurses, veterinary technicians, and veterinary assistants, either assist vets in their work, or may work within their own scope of practice, depending on skills and qualifications, including in some cases, performing minor surgery.
447:
Veterinary care and management are usually led by a veterinary physician (usually called a veterinarian, veterinary surgeon or "vet") who has received their doctor of veterinary medicine degree. This role is the equivalent of a physician or surgeon (medical doctor) in
547:
A number of professions exist within the scope of veterinary medicine, but may not necessarily be performed by vets or veterinary nurses. This includes those performing roles which are also found in human medicine, such as practitioners dealing with
456:
restricted only to those people who are registered as vet. For instance, in the United
Kingdom, as in other jurisdictions, animal treatment may be performed only by registered vets (with a few designated exceptions, such as
340:
assistance rendered to agriculture by veterinary science and art. The school received immediate international recognition in the 18th century and its pedagogical model drew on the existing fields of human medicine,
382:, began to take up the cause of animal welfare and campaign for the more humane treatment of sick animals. A 1785 society meeting resolved to "promote the study of Farriery upon rational scientific principles."
463:
Most vets work in clinical settings, treating animals directly. They may be involved in a general practice, treating animals of all types; may be specialized in a specific group of animals such as
401:
in 1844. Veterinary science came of age in the late 19th century, with notable contributions from Sir John McFadyean, credited by many as having been the founder of modern veterinary research.
389:
in which he argued for the professionalization of the veterinary trade, and the establishment of veterinary colleges. This was finally achieved in 1790, through the campaigning of
1307:
Scott, Kevin A.; Qureshi, M. Haziq; Cox, Philip B.; Marshall, Christopher M.; Bellaire, Bailey C.; Wilcox, Michael; Stuart, Bradey A. R.; Njardarson, Jon T. (24 December 2020).
479:; or may specialize in a narrow medical discipline such as veterinary surgery, dermatology, cardiology, neurology, laboratory animal medicine, internal medicine, and more.
103:, such as veterinary nurses, veterinary technicians, and veterinary assistants. This can be augmented by other paraprofessionals with specific specialties, such as animal
2598:
734:
2066:
Man and animals: living, working, and changing together : in celebration of the 100th anniversary, the School of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
2464:
2433:
2362:
539:
The role of paraveterinary workers is less homogeneous globally than that of a vet, and qualification levels, and the associated skill mix, vary widely.
1258:"Deficiencies of effectiveness of intervention studies in veterinary medicine: a cross-sectional survey of ten leading veterinary and medical journals"
2593:
724:
236:
The first attempts to organize and regulate the practice of treating animals tended to focus on horses because of their economic significance. In the
2588:
729:
2449:
265:, concerned at the poor standard of care given to horses in the city, requested that all farriers operating within a 7-mile (11-km) radius of the
521:
2418:
607:
No studies exist on the effect of community animal health services on improving household wealth and the health status of low-income farmers.
482:
As healthcare professionals, vets face ethical decisions about the care of their patients. Current debates within the profession include the
351:
The
Swedish veterinary education received funding 1774, and was officially started May 8th 1775 when the king Gustaf III signed the document.
2286:
2254:
2234:
2214:
2194:
2174:
2154:
2134:
2114:
2094:
2074:
2045:
2025:
2005:
1985:
1965:
1945:
1925:
1905:
1876:
1856:
1836:
1816:
1796:
1776:
1756:
1736:
1716:
1696:
1676:
1656:
1636:
1616:
1587:
1567:
1547:
1527:
1507:
1487:
1467:
1447:
682:
505:
A wide range of surgeries and operations is performed on various types of animals, but not all of them are carried out by vets. In a case in
768:
2454:
394:
2567:
2459:
393:, who persuaded Frenchman Benoit Vial de St. Bel to accept the professorship of the newly established veterinary college in London. The
872:
2320:
379:
2355:
892:
707:
589:, and public policy. By value the most important Animal Health pharmaceutical supplier worldwide is by far Zoetis (United States).
95:
Veterinary medicine is widely practiced, both with and without professional supervision. Professional care is most often led by a
2583:
692:
2482:
131:
and other health or natural scientists, depending on type of work. Ethically, veterinarians are usually obliged to look after
2423:
270:
620:
744:
40:
2621:
2348:
85:
1826:
739:
598:
367:
1186:
2512:
49:
960:
J.L.Lupton, "Modern
Practical Farriery", 1879, in the section: "The Diseases of Cattle Sheep and Pigs" pp. 1
413:
262:
1153:
2626:
2547:
687:
183:
585:
animal diseases and research at human-animal interfaces, such as food safety, wildlife and ecosystem health,
378:, and played an important role in the foundation of the veterinary profession in Britain. A founding member,
269:
form a "fellowship" to regulate and improve their practices. This ultimately led to the establishment of the
2537:
1171:
National
Research Council, (US) Committee on the National Needs for Research in Veterinary Science (2005).
207:) made two kinds of medicine (चिकित्सा) available, medicine for people, and medicine for animals. Where no
2474:
2428:
530:
457:
2334:
2276:
2244:
1364:"Community animal health services for improving household wealth and health status of low income farmers"
2527:
2487:
2400:
2395:
2390:
1128:
100:
290:) was published in 1598. It was the first comprehensive treatise on the anatomy of a nonhuman species.
1413:
1031:
2542:
2502:
2410:
1362:
Martin Curran, Marina; MacLehose, Harriet (19 April 2006). Cochrane
Infectious Diseases Group (ed.).
803:
258:
2562:
2532:
1309:"A Structural Analysis of the FDA Green Book-Approved Veterinary Drugs and Roles in Human Medicine"
970:
Heintzman, Kit (2018). "A cabinet of the ordinary: domesticating veterinary education, 1766–1799".
472:
439:
345:
1217:"Quality of reporting of clinical trials of dogs and cats and associations with treatment effects"
615:
2552:
2492:
1344:
995:
417:
191:
123:
576:
2206:
Animals, Disease, and Human
Society: Human-animal Relations and the Rise of Veterinary Medicine
1625:
Eurell, Jo Ann Coers; Eurell, Jo Ann; Frappier, Brian L.; Dellman, Horst-Dieter (25 May 2006),
2507:
2282:
2250:
2230:
2210:
2190:
2170:
2150:
2130:
2110:
2090:
2070:
2041:
2021:
2001:
1981:
1961:
1941:
1921:
1901:
1872:
1852:
1832:
1812:
1792:
1772:
1752:
1732:
1712:
1692:
1672:
1652:
1632:
1612:
1583:
1563:
1543:
1523:
1503:
1483:
1463:
1443:
1393:
1336:
1328:
1289:
1238:
1113:
987:
929:
888:
829:
611:
495:
483:
214:
176:
69:
2522:
1383:
1375:
1320:
1279:
1269:
1228:
979:
914:
880:
819:
811:
603:
586:
360:
332:
316:
884:
1576:
Radostits, O. M.; Gay, C. C.; Blood, D. C.; Arundel, J. H.; Hinchcliff, Kenneth W (2000),
664:
644:
561:
549:
460:), calling oneself a vet without being registered or performing any treatment is illegal.
341:
293:
208:
200:
31:
1097:
931:
The New
Cambridge Modern History: The Counter-Reformation and price revolution, 1559–1610
1579:
Veterinary
Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses
1308:
807:
2557:
1865:
Zajac, A.; Conboy, Gary A.; American
Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (2006),
1388:
1363:
1284:
1257:
824:
791:
677:
650:
499:
449:
390:
352:
266:
132:
2315:
633:
who had been run over by a car, which was later returned, fully recovered, to nature.
404:
In the United States, the first schools were established in the early 19th century in
2615:
2517:
1348:
1013:
702:
509:, for instance, an eye surgeon managed to perform a successful cataract surgery on a
491:
398:
375:
356:
336:
104:
1233:
1216:
614:
to treat lesions in a wild animal occurred in 2011 in Brazil. On that occasion, the
211:
for people and animals were available, he ordered that they be bought and planted."
2385:
2146:
Tending animals in the global village: a guide to international veterinary medicine
1379:
999:
557:
434:
409:
233:
is a Byzantine compilation of hippiatrics, dated to the fifth or sixth century AD.
152:
had been performed, shows that people were performing veterinary procedures in the
128:
96:
1115:
Michigan Agricultural College: The Evolution Of A Land-Grant Philosophy, 1855–1925
17:
2224:
2204:
2184:
2164:
2144:
2124:
2104:
2084:
2064:
2035:
2015:
1995:
1975:
1955:
1935:
1915:
1895:
1866:
1846:
1806:
1786:
1766:
1746:
1726:
1706:
1686:
1666:
1646:
1626:
1606:
1577:
1557:
1537:
1517:
1497:
1477:
1457:
1437:
1324:
363:, was head of school and is considered father of veterinary medicine in Sweden.
672:
487:
371:
277:
237:
229:
220:
149:
1496:
Dyce, Keith M.; Sack, Wolfgang O.; Wensing, Cornelis Johannes Gerardus (2010),
815:
983:
697:
640:
630:
626:
553:
299:
168:
84:. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all animal species, both
1332:
468:
246:
241:
153:
118:
Veterinary science helps human health through the monitoring and control of
108:
1397:
1340:
1293:
1242:
991:
833:
525:
US and South African army veterinary technicians prepare a dog for spaying.
254:, originates with the treatise of Ibn Akhī Hizām (fl. late ninth century).
2329:
580:
An eye examination of a kitten is underway prior to the kitten's adoption.
99:(also known as a veterinarian, veterinary surgeon, or "vet"), but also by
57:
shows the owner of an ailing donkey how to sanitize the site of infection.
2497:
244:
with the more general task of "horse doctoring". The Arabic tradition of
135:. Veterinarians diagnose, treat, and help keep animals safe and healthy.
119:
89:
65:
54:
2186:
Food Security in a Global Economy: Veterinary Medicine and Public Health
1937:
Feline medicine: a practical guide for veterinary nurses and technicians
1416:: "Tratamento", 11 January 2011, (in portuguese). Retrieved 4 May 2022.
1274:
712:
510:
335:. According to Lupton, after observing the devastation being caused by
159:
112:
73:
2340:
2106:
Origins of neuroscience: a history of explorations into brain function
2086:
Building the Successful Veterinary Practice: Innovation and creativity
2063:
Anthony, David; University of Pennsylvania. University Museum (1984),
1685:
Hirsh, Dwight C.; Maclachlan, Nigel James; Walker, Richard L. (2004),
312:
405:
196:
92:, with a wide range of conditions that can affect different species.
81:
77:
792:"Earliest Animal Cranial Surgery: from Cow to Man in the Neolithic"
30:"Animal hospital" redirects here. For the BBC television show, see
575:
520:
476:
438:
292:
213:
204:
48:
506:
328:
320:
2344:
1053:. eterinärhistoriska muséets meddelandeserie, meddelande nr 38.
769:"Veterinary Assistant vs. Veterinary Technician - A Comparison"
2126:
An introduction to veterinary medical ethics: theory and cases
464:
148:
Archeological evidence, in the form of a cow skull upon which
2292:
2260:
1436:
Aspinall, Victoria; Cappello, Melanie; Bowden, Sally (2009),
39:"Veterinary sciences" redirects here. For the journal, see
1439:
Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology Textbook
1084:
The Royal Veterinary College London, A Bicentenary History
1038:(in Swedish). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
2189:, Phila.: University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 176,
790:
Ramirez Rozzi, Fernando; Froment, Alain (19 April 2018).
1582:(9th ed.), Elsevier Health Sciences, p. 1877,
1129:"How to Become a Veterinarian - Guide + Degree Timeline"
1102:, American Veterinary Medical Association, 18 April 2011
1442:, Jeffery, Andrea (forward), Elsevier Health Sciences,
1099:
Exacting researcher brought profession into modern age
871:
Scarborough, John; Cutler, Anthony (1 January 2005),
452:, and involves postgraduate study and qualification.
186:) is the first extant record of veterinary medicine.
1934:
Cannon, Marthaxcx; Hijfte, Myra Forster-van (2006),
1788:
Clinicopathologic Principles for Veterinary Medicine
1668:
Veterinary toxicology: basic and clinical principles
1479:
Color atlas of veterinary anatomy: The dog & cat
2576:
2473:
2442:
2409:
2378:
1887:
Veterinary nursing, ophthalmology, and pharmacology
1728:
Veterinary forensics: animal cruelty investigations
1785:Robinson, Wayne F.; Huxtable, Clive R. R. (2004),
1708:Veterinary Medicine: A Guide to Historical Sources
1605:Dunlop, Robert H.; Malbert, Charles-Henri (2004),
1154:"Rooster Undergoes World's First Cataract Surgery"
916:Veterinary Medicine: A Guide to Historical Sources
486:of purely cosmetic procedures on animals, such as
2166:Veterinary practice management: a practical guide
1175:. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
1173:Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science
735:History of veterinary medicine in the Philippines
2163:Shilcock, Maggie; Stutchfield, Georgina (2003),
385:Physician James Clark wrote a treatise entitled
2465:Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Association
2434:Veterinary Medical College Application Service
1071:, Heffner, Cambridge (for RCVS), pp. 8–19
1069:From Farriery to Veterinary Medicine 1785–1795
972:The British Journal for the History of Science
420:to establish a school of veterinary medicine.
319:established the earliest veterinary school in
199:, is an early Indian veterinary treatise. The
2356:
1456:Boden, Edward; West, Geoffrey Philip (1998),
281:
8:
2226:Opportunities in veterinary medicine careers
68:that deals with the prevention, management,
27:Deals with the diseases of non-human animals
1791:, Cambridge University Press, p. 452,
1628:Dellmann's textbook of veterinary histology
327:The first veterinary school was founded in
2363:
2349:
2341:
2183:Smith, Gary; Kelly, Alan M., eds. (2008),
1187:"Top Global Pharmaceutical Company Report"
846:
370:was founded in 1783 in England to promote
359:in Uppsala, and also studied in Lyon with
2229:, McGraw-Hill Professional, p. 151,
2034:Riviere, Jim E.; Papich, Mark G. (2009),
1711:, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., p. 611,
1645:Foreyt, William J.; Foreyt, Bill (2001),
1536:Lawhead, James B.; Baker, MeeCee (2009),
1387:
1283:
1273:
1232:
946:Claude Bourgelat: avocat des vétérinaires
823:
725:Veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom
2037:Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
1897:Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
1648:Veterinary parasitology reference manual
1559:Veterinary Epidemiology: An Introduction
1414:Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária
762:
760:
730:Veterinary medicine in the United States
311:
297:Page from an 18th-century manuscript of
158:
2450:American Veterinary Medical Association
2223:Swope, Robert E.; Rigby, Julie (2001),
1409:
1407:
1368:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1221:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
1062:
1060:
756:
610:The first recorded use of regenerative
1977:Essentials of veterinary ophthalmology
1519:Quick reference to veterinary medicine
858:
1917:Anesthesia for Veterinary Technicians
1598:Monographs and other speciality texts
1429:Introductory textbooks and references
1086:, Barracuda Books Ltd, pp. 11–13
935:, p. 472. Cambridge University Press.
683:Federation of Veterinarians of Europe
303:, showing an eye operation on a horse
171:medicine, early second millennium BCE
111:, and species-relevant roles such as
7:
2455:Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
956:
954:
885:10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001
395:Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
2460:College of Veterinarians of Ontario
1831:, Whitehouse Station, N.J., Merck,
1768:Introduction to Veterinary Genetics
2017:Tasks for the veterinary assistant
1539:Introduction to veterinary science
877:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
240:, farriers combined their work in
25:
1957:Notes on veterinary ophthalmology
708:Technology in veterinary medicine
513:for the first time in the world.
203:read: "Everywhere King Piyadasi (
2328:
2314:
1994:Lane, D. R.; Cooper, B. (2003),
1868:Veterinary clinical parasitology
1808:Textbook of small animal surgery
919:, p. 1. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
693:National Office of Animal Health
657:
643:
2275:Anthony, David; Zoetis (2014),
2069:, UPenn Museum of Archaeology,
1234:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0386.x
2424:Veterinary education in France
1825:Kahn, Cynthia M., ed. (2010),
1665:Gupta, Ramesh Chandra (2007),
1499:Textbook of veterinary anatomy
1380:10.1002/14651858.CD003049.pub2
1313:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
271:Worshipful Company of Farriers
1:
2319:The dictionary definition of
2083:Catanzaro, Thomas E. (1998),
1745:Murphy, Frederick A. (1999),
1459:Black's veterinary dictionary
1051:Peter Hernquist från Härlunda
745:Veterinary Council of Ireland
2169:, Elsevier Health Sciences,
2000:, Elsevier Health Sciences,
1940:, Elsevier Health Sciences,
1845:Thrusfield, Michael (2007),
1811:, Elsevier Health Sciences,
1805:Slatter, Douglas H. (2002),
1482:, Elsevier Health Sciences,
1462:, Rowman & Littlefield,
1325:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01502
599:randomized controlled trials
593:Clinical veterinary research
2123:Rollin, Bernard E. (2006),
2109:, Oxford University Press,
1954:Crispin, Sheila M. (2005),
1828:The Merck Veterinary Manual
1765:Nicholas, Frank W. (2009),
1516:Fenner, William R. (2000),
879:, Oxford University Press,
740:Veterinary Council of India
568:medical fitness of horses.
368:Odiham Agricultural Society
308:Establishment of profession
53:A veterinary technician in
2643:
2249:, Routledge, p. 244,
2246:Veterinary Courses and CE.
2209:, Routledge, p. 243,
2143:Sherman, David M. (2002),
2014:Pattengale, Paula (2004),
1894:Adams, H. Richard (2001),
1725:Merck, Melinda D. (2007),
1608:Veterinary pathophysiology
816:10.1038/s41598-018-23914-1
528:
432:
195:, dating from the time of
38:
29:
2149:, John Wiley & Sons,
1871:, John Wiley & Sons,
1731:, John Wiley & Sons,
1522:, John Wiley & Sons,
1476:Done, Stanley H. (1996),
1112:Widder, Keith R. (2005).
984:10.1017/S0007087418000274
414:Iowa Agricultural College
2103:Finger, Stanley (2001),
1974:Gelatt, Kirk N. (2000),
1133:www.inspiraadvantage.com
1082:Cotchen, Ernest (1990),
1049:Dyrendahl, Ivar (1996).
1014:"Peter (Pehr) Hernquist"
688:Lists of animal diseases
184:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
2040:, John Wiley and Sons,
1920:, John Wiley and Sons,
1848:Veterinary epidemiology
1771:, John Wiley and Sons,
1705:Hunter, Pamela (2004),
1688:Veterinary microbiology
1562:, John Wiley and Sons,
1556:Pfeiffer, Dirk (2009),
1256:Di Girolamo, N (2016).
928:Wernham, R. B. (1968).
913:Hunter, Pamela (2004).
2243:Swabe, Joanna (1999),
2203:Swabe, Joanna (1999),
1914:Bryant, Susan (2010),
581:
531:Paraveterinary workers
526:
517:Paraveterinary workers
471:, laboratory animals,
458:paraveterinary workers
444:
355:, who had studied for
324:
304:
282:
225:
172:
101:paraveterinary workers
58:
2401:List of veterinarians
2396:Veterinary pharmacist
2391:Paraveterinary worker
1215:Sargeant, JM (2010).
771:. Prof. Melissa Crist
579:
552:disorders, including
524:
442:
429:Veterinary physicians
408:, New York City, and
387:Prevention of Disease
331:, France, in 1762 by
315:
296:
217:
162:
52:
2483:Alternative medicine
2337:at Wikimedia Commons
1542:, Cengage Learning,
288:Anatomy of the Horse
283:Anatomia del Cavallo
259:Lord Mayor of London
97:veterinary physician
2622:Veterinary medicine
2548:Preventive medicine
2429:Veterinarian's Oath
2372:Veterinary medicine
2335:Veterinary medicine
2322:veterinary medicine
2281:, Dr. Donal Smith,
2129:, Wiley-Blackwell,
2089:, Wiley-Blackwell,
2020:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1980:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1960:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1900:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1851:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1748:Veterinary virology
1691:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1651:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1631:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1611:, Wiley-Blackwell,
1319:(24): 15449–15482.
1118:, p. 107. MSU Press
808:2018NatSR...8.5536R
572:Veterinary research
397:was established by
346:comparative anatomy
218:Manuscript page of
72:, and treatment of
62:Veterinary medicine
42:Veterinary Sciences
2295:on 8 February 2019
2263:on 8 February 2019
1997:Veterinary nursing
1751:, Academic Press,
1671:, Academic Press,
1275:10.7717/peerj.1649
1067:Pugh, L.P (1962),
796:Scientific Reports
582:
543:Allied professions
527:
445:
424:Veterinary workers
418:land-grant college
325:
305:
300:Shalihotra Samhita
226:
192:Shalihotra Samhita
173:
156:(3400–3000 BCE).
124:infectious disease
59:
18:Veterinary studies
2607:
2606:
2333:Media related to
2288:978-0-934718-68-4
2256:978-0-415-18193-8
2236:978-0-658-01055-2
2216:978-0-415-18193-8
2196:978-0-8122-2044-5
2176:978-0-7020-2696-6
2156:978-0-683-18051-0
2136:978-0-8138-0399-9
2116:978-0-19-514694-3
2096:978-0-8138-2984-5
2076:978-0-934718-68-4
2047:978-0-8138-2061-3
2027:978-0-7817-4243-6
2007:978-0-7506-5525-5
1987:978-0-683-30077-2
1967:978-0-632-06416-8
1947:978-0-7506-8827-7
1927:978-0-8138-0586-3
1907:978-0-8138-1743-9
1878:978-0-8138-1734-7
1858:978-1-4051-5627-1
1838:978-0-911910-93-3
1818:978-0-7216-8607-3
1798:978-0-521-54813-7
1778:978-1-4051-6832-8
1758:978-0-12-511340-3
1738:978-0-8138-1501-5
1718:978-0-7546-4053-0
1698:978-0-8138-0379-1
1678:978-0-12-370467-2
1658:978-0-8138-2419-2
1638:978-0-7817-4148-4
1618:978-0-8138-2826-8
1589:978-0-7020-2604-1
1569:978-1-4051-7694-1
1549:978-1-4283-1225-8
1529:978-0-397-51608-7
1509:978-1-4160-6607-1
1489:978-0-7234-2441-3
1469:978-0-389-21017-7
1449:978-0-7020-2938-7
944:Marc Mammerickx,
612:stem-cell therapy
587:zoonotic diseases
484:veterinary ethics
465:companion animals
416:became the first
163:Fragments of the
64:is the branch of
16:(Redirected from
2634:
2568:Veterinary Corps
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2332:
2318:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2291:, archived from
2271:
2270:
2268:
2259:, archived from
2239:
2219:
2199:
2179:
2159:
2139:
2119:
2099:
2079:
2050:
2030:
2010:
1990:
1970:
1950:
1930:
1910:
1881:
1861:
1841:
1821:
1801:
1781:
1761:
1741:
1721:
1701:
1681:
1661:
1641:
1621:
1592:
1572:
1552:
1532:
1512:
1492:
1472:
1452:
1417:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1160:. 22 April 2018.
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1010:
1004:
1003:
967:
961:
958:
949:
948:, Bruxelles 1971
942:
936:
926:
920:
911:
905:
904:
903:
901:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
837:
827:
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
767:Beatty, Hassan.
764:
667:
662:
661:
660:
653:
648:
647:
624:
597:As in medicine,
562:physiotherapists
496:cropping of ears
492:docking of tails
443:Surgery on a dog
361:Claude Bourgelat
333:Claude Bourgelat
317:Claude Bourgelat
285:
263:Sir Henry Picard
180:Papyrus of Kahun
120:zoonotic disease
76:, disorder, and
21:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2627:Animal diseases
2612:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2572:
2469:
2438:
2419:List of schools
2405:
2374:
2369:
2311:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2289:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2257:
2242:
2237:
2222:
2217:
2202:
2197:
2182:
2177:
2162:
2157:
2142:
2137:
2122:
2117:
2102:
2097:
2082:
2077:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2033:
2028:
2013:
2008:
1993:
1988:
1973:
1968:
1953:
1948:
1933:
1928:
1913:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1864:
1859:
1844:
1839:
1824:
1819:
1804:
1799:
1784:
1779:
1764:
1759:
1744:
1739:
1724:
1719:
1704:
1699:
1684:
1679:
1664:
1659:
1644:
1639:
1624:
1619:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1575:
1570:
1555:
1550:
1535:
1530:
1515:
1510:
1495:
1490:
1475:
1470:
1455:
1450:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:Further reading
1421:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1374:(2): CD003049.
1361:
1360:
1356:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1196:. November 2021
1194:The Pharma 1000
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1007:
969:
968:
964:
959:
952:
943:
939:
927:
923:
912:
908:
899:
897:
895:
870:
869:
865:
857:
853:
847:Thrusfield 2007
845:
841:
789:
788:
784:
774:
772:
766:
765:
758:
753:
721:
665:Medicine portal
663:
658:
656:
649:
642:
639:
618:
595:
574:
550:musculoskeletal
545:
533:
519:
437:
431:
426:
353:Peter Hernquist
342:natural history
310:
252:Shiyāt al-Khayl
201:edicts of Asoka
146:
141:
129:epidemiologists
47:
37:
33:Animal Hospital
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2594:United Kingdom
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2558:Theriogenology
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Exotic animals
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2326:
2310:
2309:External links
2307:
2305:
2304:
2287:
2272:
2255:
2240:
2235:
2220:
2215:
2200:
2195:
2180:
2175:
2160:
2155:
2140:
2135:
2120:
2115:
2100:
2095:
2080:
2075:
2059:
2057:
2056:Related fields
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2031:
2026:
2011:
2006:
1991:
1986:
1971:
1966:
1951:
1946:
1931:
1926:
1911:
1906:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1862:
1857:
1842:
1837:
1822:
1817:
1802:
1797:
1782:
1777:
1762:
1757:
1742:
1737:
1722:
1717:
1702:
1697:
1682:
1677:
1662:
1657:
1642:
1637:
1622:
1617:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1573:
1568:
1553:
1548:
1533:
1528:
1513:
1508:
1493:
1488:
1473:
1468:
1453:
1448:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1403:
1354:
1299:
1248:
1207:
1178:
1163:
1145:
1120:
1105:
1089:
1074:
1056:
1041:
1032:"Om Hernquist"
1023:
1005:
978:(2): 239–260.
962:
950:
937:
921:
906:
893:
863:
851:
839:
782:
755:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
720:
717:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
678:Animal science
675:
669:
668:
654:
651:Animals portal
638:
635:
594:
591:
573:
570:
544:
541:
529:Main article:
518:
515:
450:human medicine
433:Main article:
430:
427:
425:
422:
391:Granville Penn
380:Thomas Burgess
357:Carl von Linné
309:
306:
267:City of London
224:(14th century)
145:
142:
140:
137:
133:animal welfare
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2639:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2610:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:United States
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:Practitioners
2377:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2325:at Wiktionary
2324:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
966:
963:
957:
955:
951:
947:
941:
938:
934:
932:
925:
922:
918:
917:
910:
907:
896:
894:9780195046526
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:"Hippiatrica"
867:
864:
861:, p. 12.
860:
855:
852:
848:
843:
840:
835:
831:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
783:
770:
763:
761:
757:
750:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
703:Pet orthotics
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
666:
655:
652:
646:
641:
636:
634:
632:
628:
622:
617:
613:
608:
605:
604:
600:
592:
590:
588:
578:
571:
569:
565:
563:
559:
558:chiropractors
555:
551:
542:
540:
537:
532:
523:
516:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
453:
451:
441:
436:
428:
423:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
399:royal charter
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
338:
337:cattle plague
334:
330:
322:
318:
314:
307:
302:
301:
295:
291:
289:
284:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:In 1356, the
255:
253:
249:
248:
243:
239:
234:
232:
231:
223:
222:
216:
212:
210:
209:healing herbs
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:
187:
185:
181:
178:
170:
166:
165:Kahun Papyrus
161:
157:
155:
151:
144:Premodern era
143:
138:
136:
134:
130:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
105:physiotherapy
102:
98:
93:
91:
87:
83:
80:in non-human
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
56:
51:
45:
43:
35:
34:
19:
2609:
2538:Parasitology
2443:Associations
2386:Veterinarian
2371:
2321:
2297:, retrieved
2293:the original
2277:
2265:, retrieved
2261:the original
2245:
2225:
2205:
2185:
2165:
2145:
2125:
2105:
2085:
2065:
2036:
2016:
1996:
1976:
1956:
1936:
1916:
1896:
1867:
1847:
1827:
1807:
1787:
1767:
1747:
1727:
1707:
1687:
1667:
1647:
1627:
1607:
1578:
1558:
1538:
1518:
1502:, Saunders,
1498:
1478:
1458:
1438:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1227:(1): 44–50.
1224:
1220:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1193:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1123:
1114:
1108:
1098:
1092:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
975:
971:
965:
945:
940:
930:
924:
915:
909:
900:27 September
898:, retrieved
876:
866:
854:
849:, p. 2.
842:
799:
795:
785:
773:. Retrieved
616:Zoo Brasília
609:
606:
596:
583:
566:
546:
538:
534:
504:
481:
462:
454:
446:
435:Veterinarian
410:Philadelphia
403:
386:
384:
365:
350:
326:
298:
287:
275:
256:
251:
245:
242:horseshoeing
235:
228:
227:
219:
190:
188:
179:
174:
164:
147:
117:
94:
86:domesticated
61:
60:
41:
32:
2599:Philippines
2475:Specialties
1200:29 December
1158:IFPNews.com
1018:Riksarkivet
859:Finger 2001
802:(1): 5536.
775:22 December
673:Animal drug
629:to treat a
619: [
473:zoo animals
412:. In 1879,
372:agriculture
278:Carlo Ruini
276:Meanwhile,
238:Middle Ages
230:Hippiatrica
221:Hippiatrica
150:trepanation
2616:Categories
2528:Obstetrics
2488:Anesthesia
2278:VeritasDVM
933:, Volume 3
751:References
719:By country
698:One Health
631:maned wolf
627:stem cells
554:osteopaths
169:veterinary
2584:Indonesia
2543:Pathology
2523:Nutrition
2503:Dentistry
2411:Education
1349:226218045
1333:0022-2623
1268:: e1649.
1138:15 August
502:on dogs.
500:debarking
490:of cats,
488:declawing
469:livestock
273:in 1674.
154:Neolithic
109:dentistry
70:diagnosis
44:(journal)
2563:Virology
2533:Oncology
2498:Behavior
1398:16625568
1341:33125236
1294:26835187
1243:19807866
992:29665887
834:29674628
637:See also
376:industry
323:in 1762.
280:'s book
177:Egyptian
113:farriers
66:medicine
55:Ethiopia
2553:Surgery
2299:8 March
2267:8 March
1389:6532712
1285:4734056
1000:4947361
825:5908843
804:Bibcode
713:WikiVet
511:rooster
247:Bayṭara
139:History
82:animals
74:disease
2577:Places
2508:Ethics
2285:
2253:
2233:
2213:
2193:
2173:
2153:
2133:
2113:
2093:
2073:
2044:
2024:
2004:
1984:
1964:
1944:
1924:
1904:
1875:
1855:
1835:
1815:
1795:
1775:
1755:
1735:
1715:
1695:
1675:
1655:
1635:
1615:
1586:
1566:
1546:
1526:
1506:
1486:
1466:
1446:
1396:
1386:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1292:
1282:
1241:
1036:SLU.SE
998:
990:
891:
832:
822:
560:, and
498:, and
477:horses
406:Boston
344:, and
197:Ashoka
78:injury
2493:Birds
1345:S2CID
1262:PeerJ
1190:(PDF)
996:S2CID
625:used
623:]
475:, or
250:, or
205:Asoka
127:with
2518:Fish
2301:2022
2283:ISBN
2269:2022
2251:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2211:ISBN
2191:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2151:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2042:ISBN
2022:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1962:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1902:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1753:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1673:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1544:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1484:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1394:PMID
1372:2006
1337:PMID
1329:ISSN
1290:PMID
1239:PMID
1202:2022
1140:2024
988:PMID
902:2019
889:ISBN
830:PMID
777:2020
507:Iran
374:and
366:The
329:Lyon
321:Lyon
189:The
175:The
90:wild
88:and
1384:PMC
1376:doi
1321:doi
1280:PMC
1270:doi
1229:doi
980:doi
881:doi
820:PMC
812:doi
167:on
107:or
2618::
1406:^
1392:.
1382:.
1370:.
1366:.
1343:.
1335:.
1327:.
1317:63
1315:.
1311:.
1288:.
1278:.
1264:.
1260:.
1237:.
1225:24
1223:.
1219:.
1192:.
1156:.
1131:.
1059:^
1034:.
1016:.
994:.
986:.
976:51
974:.
953:^
887:,
875:,
828:.
818:.
810:.
798:.
794:.
759:^
621:pt
564:.
556:,
494:,
467:,
348:.
261:,
115:.
2364:e
2357:t
2350:v
1400:.
1378::
1351:.
1323::
1296:.
1272::
1266:4
1245:.
1231::
1204:.
1142:.
1020:.
1002:.
982::
883::
836:.
814::
806::
800:8
779:.
286:(
182:(
122:(
46:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
