280:
is at 2,652 m (8,701 ft). The Osorno built up on top of an older stratovolcano, La Picada, which has a 6-km-wide caldera now mostly buried. The
Puntiagudo is a stratovolcano with a sharp peak whose summit is at 2,493 m (8,179 ft). From the Puntiagudo to the northeast for 18 km (11 mi) extends a fissure that has given birth to 40-odd basaltic scoria cones. The Cayutue La Vigueria volcanic field consists of some 20 maars and cinder cones, of which Volcan Cayutue is the principal. The activity of Volcan Cayutue filled the Cayutue depression and separated the Todos los santos lake from the Ralun estuary. Lava flows from these volcanoes is basaltic and andesitic. Their activity is generally explosive and lava flows are highly viscous. A summary of scientific information on the volcanoes of the Park (Osorno, Puntiagudo-Cordón Cenizos and La Viguería) is available from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution.
263:
is around 3,000 to 4,000 mm (118 to 157 in) while on the western slope of the mountains it may reach 5,000 mm (197 in) per year. The predominant air flow is from west to east and the mass of air, when lifted over the mountains, releases precipitation. Eastern slopes tend to receive less rainfall. The most rainy months are June, July and August, while the least rain is recorded in
January, February and March. Average annual temperature at the inhabited levels, 3,000 to 4,000 mm (118 to 157 in) altitude, is around 11 to 12 °C (52 to 54 °F). Above 1,000 m (3,281 ft) altitude, snow persists for most of the year. During the warm summer months, average daily maximum temperature may be around 25 °C (77 °F). Vegetation growth extends over approximately 6 months of the year.
40:
288:
successive lava flows from the Osorno blocked the outlet of the lake. At the
Petrohue waterfalls, one sees the river flow over such a constraining andesite lava flow. The steep left bank of the river is granodiorite. These volcanoes expel large quantities of loose cinder that in depositing give the rounded conic shape. These cinders are easily washed away by rain and surface water flow, so that the Puntiagudo, an elder brother of the Osorno, is denuded to the hard core of lava frozen inside the volcanic chimney.
56:
63:
426:
301:
632:
Management of this and other national parks in Chile is entrusted to
Corporacion Nacional Forestal, CONAF. CONAF has outposts in Ensenada, Petrohue and Peulla and control posts at the Petrohue waterfalls and at various access points to the Osorno volcano. A camping place administered by CONAF exists
287:
Volcanoes were active during the retreating phase of the ice age. Some geologists postulate that Lake Todos los Santos and
Llanquihue were just one lake in which the Osorno volcano built up until the two water bodies were separated. From then on, lake Todos los Santos had its surface level lifted as
279:
have emerged. The
Tronador and related structures are the result of volcanic activity dating back to the early Pleistocene. At the western entrance to the Park, the symmetrical cone of the Osorno volcano forms a towering landmark over the Todos los Santos and Llanquihue lakes. The peak of the Osorno
262:
Dirección
Meteorológica de Chile (Chilean Meteorological Service) published a climate summary for the 10th Region . Average annual precipitation in the Petrohué area (lat 41°08'S), at an elevation of 700 m (2,297 ft), is around 4,000 mm (157 in). Precipitation on the Lake surface
636:
Lake Todos los Santos is a segment of a trail over the Andes known to have been used for centuries. In the late 19th century, a regular freight and tourist service between Puerto Montt was established, together with hotels and lodges. There are modern good quality hotels at the lake access points
398:
is ubiquitous. It grows up to 2 meters tall and has very large leaves. The stem is edible and the indigenous name "nalca" actually applies to this part of the plant. The root was used in the past for dyeing wool; it yields a brown color. Pangue is among the first plants to colonize land freed by
283:
A second major factor that shaped the landscape was the action of glaciers during the ice age. Huge glaciers descended from the
Tronador and found the way through the Todos los Santos valley far into the Central Valley of Chile. The glaciers removed practically all sediments that had deposited
417:, also known as Weaver's Broom, a perennial, leguminous shrub native to the Mediterranean region, toxic to animals. It thrives on the sand fields around the Osorno, along the road from Ensenada to Petrohue and in Petrohue. Retamo is very pretty when in flower but it does not belong.
633:
in
Petrohue. CONAF has habilitated a number of hiking trails, of which the more significant ones are: Sendero Paso Desolacion on the eastern slope of the Osorno, with 12 km length and reaching up to 1 100 meters altitude, and Sendero Laguna Margarita in Peulla, 8 km long.
402:
In this forest ecosystem, a number of plant species rely on birds, notably hummingbirds, for pollination. The flowers of these species are generally bright red and yellow and have no perfume. The flowers awaiting the visit of birds tend to be tubular and hanging.
291:
In a recent geological if not historical event, rocks of volcanic origin raised the
Ensenada depression between the Osorno and the Calbuco volcanoes, thus forcing the Llanquihue lake to open a new outlet to the sea on its western shore.
356:, the family of myrtus, are with nine species the most diversified taxon in the Park. They are generally associated with the presence of plenty water. Easily visible on beaches because of its bright orange bark is Temu, arrayan,
567:, has a semi-arboreal habit. It has been discussed why this South American marsupial appears to more closely related to the marsupials of Australasia than to those of the Americas. The other marsupial in the Park is the
391:, Chilean hazel, carries edible nuts called avellanas. This tree does not shed its nuts until the following year, so on its branches co-exist yellow-white aromatic flowers, unripe red nuts and ripe black nuts.
637:
Petrohue and Peulla. Lodges catering for the needs of fisherpersons exist at the lake in Cayutue and close to Petrohue waterfalls and river. In Petrohue, private enterprise offers motor boats for rent.
613:
The native fish fauna in Todos los Santos lake has been upset with the introduction of several species of trout and salmon. Sports fishing of these introduced species is a major activity in the Park.
433:
About 30 species of mammals live in the Park. These species are shy and difficult to observe. This Park and the geographically contiguous Puyehue, Nahuel Huapi and Lanin parks provide habitat to the
275:, an igneous rock. Except for recent sediments and volcanic cinders, no old sedimentary rocks appears anywhere in the Park. Through the igneous rock substratum, a number of
284:
earlier. At exposed capes, visitors can observe the scratches left by stones carried by the glacier on the denuded surface of the granite opposing the flow of the glacier.
844:
809:
1090:
105:
1080:
1070:
740:
55:
984:
254:
A summary of geographical and limnological data for lake Todos los Santos is found in the database of the International Lake Environment Committee.
578:
Around 80 species of birds, among full-time residents, seasonal migrants and visitors, are seen in the Park. Among the full-time residents are the
517:, has wrought havoc in the Parks ecosystems. The impact of mink has been devastating for bird species nesting on the ground and on floating reeds.
347:
is common; this species is also known as Winter's bark. At altitudes above 900 meters, coihue is replaced by deciduous leaf Nothofagus species.
1085:
924:
802:
1075:
312:
in its mountain variant. The composition of the forest changes with altitude and substratum. Generally the most common and visible tree is
251:, with a maximum altitude of 3,491 m (11,453 ft). These mountains with year round snow give a strong imprint to the landscape.
849:
653:
385:, Chilean firebush, has plentiful red tubular flowers and is frequent almost everywhere at the fringe of the forest. Avellano, gevuin,
854:
451:, often mistaken for a stocky, short wild cat, is actually a member of the family of the leopards, a tiny ocelot. Of the group of the
829:
1065:
959:
795:
309:
164:
999:
979:
919:
879:
818:
1019:
1009:
934:
540:, whose preferred habitat is above the timber line. Among the smaller rodents, scientists have shown particular interest for
25:
1034:
974:
470:, is having negative impact on natural renewal of the forest. Also damaging to the ecosystem balance is the introduced wild
914:
196:. Its western entrance is close to the Ensenada locality, 82 km (51 mi) northeast of the provincial capital of
1095:
899:
864:
859:
839:
244:
782:
894:
834:
204:
along Ruta CH-225. This national park covers about 2,530 km (977 sq mi) and is almost entirely in the
884:
874:
486:
657:
949:
939:
213:
39:
744:
1060:
904:
1029:
954:
909:
889:
591:
568:
964:
1039:
969:
869:
720:
529:
330:
378:, with relatives in Australia and New Zealand, has several representatives in the Park. Notro, fosforillo,
1014:
1004:
944:
549:
541:
217:
235:. A short distance downstream, still within the limits of the Park, the Petrohué river flows through the
994:
989:
369:
is well known in Chile because of its dense, heavy wood that was used to manufacture police truncheons.
228:
209:
441:. The local sub-species is relatively small, usually not more than 30 or 40 kg, and preys on pudu
502:
406:
A number of exotic plants have become feral in the Park. The most visible impact is given by retamo,
324:
231:
and a large part of its catchment. The outlet of the lake at the Petrohué locality gives rise to the
712:
929:
457:
236:
189:
93:
318:
395:
232:
691:
560:
447:
407:
387:
185:
180:
79:
583:
224:, provide a continuous protected area of close to 15,000 km (5,792 sq mi).
334:. At relatively warm locations, that is, close to the lake, there are thickets of tique,
520:
A diversity of animals of the rodent group live in the park. The larger ones are coipo,
606:, is sometimes seen at Petrohue waterfalls. One species of hummingbirds, the firecrown
466:
358:
343:
322:, in changing association with other species that include muermo, also known as ulmo,
1054:
537:
510:
494:
276:
240:
29:
599:
272:
201:
197:
425:
670:
482:
380:
374:
336:
120:
107:
364:
352:
300:
221:
787:
248:
774:
766:
445:, a tiny deer of solitary and reclusive forest habitat. Huiña, kodkod,
394:
Among herbaceous vegetation, the giant pangue, nalca, Chilean rhubarb
208:
mountain chain. The adjacent national parks Vicente Pérez Rosales and
528:, a webbed-feet animal that inhabits reedy lake and river banks; and
434:
313:
461:, an animal that looks like a small fox but is not actually a fox.
521:
424:
299:
205:
193:
83:
471:
791:
692:"Region de los Rios y de los Lagos, Descripcion Climatologica"
62:
582:, of which the easiest to hear, and sometimes to see, is
271:
The geological substratum of the Park area is generally
616:
Among arthropods, the large antlered scarabeid beetle
559:
The park is home to two species of marsupial mammals.
160:
152:
144:
136:
99:
89:
75:
18:
509:, an endangered species. An introduced mustelid:
341:. In particularly humid locations, canelo, fuñe,
743:. Corporacion Nacional Forestal. Archived from
308:The vegetation of the Park corresponds to the
239:. The park also contains the eastern slope of
803:
671:"World Lakes Database, Lago Todos los Santos"
455:, the dogs, the Park is inhabited by chilla,
8:
610:, is common and easily visible in the Park.
598:, is a speciality for birders in this park.
362:, Chilean myrtle. Luma colorada, reloncavi,
620:, and the shiny coloured cerambicid beetle
810:
796:
788:
673:. International Lake Environment Committee
481:Three native species of carnivores of the
429:Petrohué Waterfalls and the Osorno volcano
15:
44:Petrohué Waterfalls (Saltos del Petrohué)
741:"Parque Nacional Vicente Pérez Rosales"
646:
575:, first described for science in 1923.
179:
7:
1091:1926 establishments in South America
74:
1081:Protected areas established in 1926
1071:Protected areas of Los Lagos Region
783:All on lake Todos los Santos, Chile
200:, and 64 km (40 mi) from
173:Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park
140:2,530 km (977 sq mi)
19:Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park
694:. Direccion Meteorologica de Chile
14:
775:Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena
310:Valdivian temperate rain forests
181:[biˈsenteˈpeɾesroˈsales]
61:
54:
38:
485:group inhabit the Park. One is
143:
88:
845:Archipiélago de Juan Fernández
464:Introduced European red deer,
247:and the western slopes of the
227:The park protects the body of
1:
1086:1920s establishments in Chile
590:. Another rhinocryptid bird:
165:Corporación Nacional Forestal
713:"Volcanoes of South America"
243:, the southern slope of the
1076:Valdivian temperate forests
658:Estadística Visitantes 2012
654:National Forest Corporation
1112:
214:Nahuel Huapi National Park
156:332,334 (in 2012)
825:
49:
37:
23:
985:Pumalín Douglas Tompkins
717:Global Volcanism Program
592:black-throated huet-huet
569:long-nosed shrew opossum
487:Molina's hog-nosed skunk
350:Trees and bushes of the
1066:National parks of Chile
819:National parks of Chile
721:Smithsonian Institution
608:Sephanoides sephaniodes
573:Ryncholestes raphanurus
331:Weinmannia trichosperma
624:have to be mentioned.
550:long-clawed mole mouse
542:Chilean climbing mouse
430:
305:
177:Spanish pronunciation:
1025:Vicente Pérez Rosales
925:Las Palmas de Cocalán
588:Scelorchilus rubecula
428:
303:
229:Todos los Santos Lake
210:Puyehue National Park
121:41.14167°S 72.17306°W
855:Bosque de Fray Jorge
622:Cheloderus childreni
618:Chiasognathus granti
565:Dromiciops gliroides
530:Wolffsohn's viscacha
503:southern river otter
325:Eucryphia cordifolia
126:-41.14167; -72.17306
1096:1926 in Chilean law
830:Alberto de Agostini
596:Pteroptochos tarnii
534:Lagidium wolffsohni
458:Pseudalopex griseus
372:The lineage of the
237:Petrohue Waterfalls
218:Lanín National Park
190:Llanquihue Province
161:Governing body
117: /
960:Nevado Tres Cruces
850:Bernardo O'Higgins
554:Geoxus valdivianus
431:
328:and tineo, teñiu,
319:Nothofagus dombeyi
306:
1048:
1047:
1000:Radal Siete Tazas
935:Llanos de Challes
920:Laguna San Rafael
660:, 11 January 2013
604:Merganetta armata
546:Irenomys tarsalis
396:Gunnera tinctoria
170:
169:
90:Nearest city
1103:
1061:IUCN Category II
1020:Torres del Paine
1010:Salar del Huasco
812:
805:
798:
789:
781:
773:
765:
756:
755:
753:
752:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
709:
703:
702:
700:
699:
688:
682:
681:
679:
678:
667:
661:
651:
561:Monito del monte
536:, of the family
526:Myocastor coypus
493:; the second is
491:Conepatus chinga
448:Leopardus guigna
411:Spartium junceum
388:Gevuina avellana
186:Los Lagos Region
184:) is located in
183:
178:
132:
131:
129:
128:
127:
122:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
80:Los Lagos Region
65:
64:
58:
42:
16:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1044:
915:Laguna del Laja
821:
816:
779:
771:
763:
760:
759:
750:
748:
739:
738:
734:
725:
723:
711:
710:
706:
697:
695:
690:
689:
685:
676:
674:
669:
668:
664:
652:
648:
643:
630:
584:chucao tapaculo
507:Lontra provocax
501:; the third is
423:
298:
277:stratovolcanoes
269:
260:
176:
125:
123:
119:
116:
111:
108:
106:
104:
103:
71:
70:
69:
68:
67:
66:
45:
33:
12:
11:
5:
1109:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
900:Isla Magdalena
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
865:Cerro Castillo
862:
860:Cabo de Hornos
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:Alerce Costero
837:
832:
826:
823:
822:
817:
815:
814:
807:
800:
792:
786:
785:
777:
769:
758:
757:
732:
704:
683:
662:
645:
644:
642:
639:
629:
626:
580:Rhinocriptidae
548:, and for the
467:Cervus elaphus
422:
419:
415:Genista juncea
359:Luma apiculata
344:Drimys winteri
304:Petrohué River
297:
294:
268:
265:
259:
256:
233:Petrohué River
212:in Chile, and
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
77:
73:
72:
60:
59:
53:
52:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
24:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1108:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1035:Volcán Isluga
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
975:Pan de Azúcar
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:Isla Guamblin
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
835:Alerce Andino
833:
831:
828:
827:
824:
820:
813:
808:
806:
801:
799:
794:
793:
790:
784:
778:
776:
770:
768:
762:
761:
747:on 2012-03-25
746:
742:
736:
733:
722:
718:
714:
708:
705:
693:
687:
684:
672:
666:
663:
659:
655:
650:
647:
640:
638:
634:
628:Park services
627:
625:
623:
619:
614:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:Chinchillidae
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
515:Mustela vison
512:
511:American mink
508:
504:
500:
499:Galictis cuja
496:
495:lesser grison
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:
462:
460:
459:
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
439:Puma concolor
436:
427:
420:
418:
416:
412:
409:
408:Spanish Broom
404:
400:
397:
392:
390:
389:
384:
382:
377:
376:
370:
368:
366:
361:
360:
355:
354:
348:
346:
345:
340:
338:
333:
332:
327:
326:
321:
320:
315:
311:
302:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
266:
264:
257:
255:
252:
250:
246:
242:
241:Volcan Osorno
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
174:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
135:
130:
102:
98:
95:
92:
85:
81:
78:
57:
48:
41:
36:
31:
30:national park
27:
26:IUCN category
22:
17:
1024:
950:Morro Moreno
940:Llullaillaco
780:(in English)
772:(in Spanish)
764:(in Spanish)
749:. Retrieved
745:the original
735:
724:. Retrieved
716:
707:
696:. Retrieved
686:
675:. Retrieved
665:
649:
635:
631:
621:
617:
615:
612:
607:
603:
600:Torrent duck
595:
587:
579:
577:
572:
564:
558:
553:
545:
533:
525:
519:
514:
506:
498:
490:
480:
475:
465:
463:
456:
452:
446:
442:
438:
432:
414:
410:
405:
401:
393:
386:
379:
373:
371:
363:
357:
351:
349:
342:
335:
329:
323:
317:
307:
290:
286:
282:
273:Granodiorite
270:
261:
253:
226:
202:Puerto Varas
198:Puerto Montt
172:
171:
94:Puerto Varas
767:ChileBosque
399:landslide.
145:Established
124: /
100:Coordinates
1055:Categories
1030:Villarrica
955:Nahuelbuta
910:La Campana
890:Huerquehue
885:Hornopirén
875:Conguillío
751:2012-03-20
726:2008-04-01
698:2008-04-01
677:2008-04-01
641:References
483:Mustelidae
476:Sus scrofa
381:Embothrium
375:Proteaceae
337:Aextoxicon
245:Puntiagudo
112:72°10′23″W
109:41°08′30″S
1040:Yendegaia
980:Patagonia
970:Pali Aike
880:Corcovado
443:Pudu puda
383:coccineum
365:Amomyrtus
353:Myrtaceae
339:punctatum
222:Argentina
1015:Tolhuaca
1005:Rapa Nui
945:Melimoyu
905:Kawésqar
249:Tronador
153:Visitors
76:Location
995:Queulat
990:Puyehue
965:Nonguén
453:Canidae
413:, syn.
267:Geology
258:Climate
870:Chiloé
314:coihue
930:Lauca
522:coypu
421:Fauna
296:Flora
206:Andes
194:Chile
192:, of
84:Chile
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