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no mercy to his enemy. One of the defeated people pleas for their lives on the top right as they run from Naram-Sin. This is for good reason because he is shown stepping on the dead body of one of the
Lullubi people after kicking another off the side of the mountain. He has stabbed another in the neck with a spear and is holding an arrow to perhaps impale the next. The Lullubi people are shown in stark contrast to the Akkadian soldiers, being shown as a disorganized chaotic mess of individuals being trampled underfoot by the very organized Akkadians.
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Although there are indeed three stars, only two can be seen due to the fact that the stele was damaged at some point in its existence, effectively removing the third star. The sun-stars consist of a series of eight point stars which have flames radiating between the points. These are meant to represent the
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and depicts the rise of the
Akkadians over the Lullubians. Naram-Sin leading his army into destroying the last of the Lullubians shows just how powerful the Akkadians and Naram-Sin truly are and they are not a group to reckon with. Naram-Sin thought of himself as godly, which explains his depiction
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Naram-Sin is shown as a god-like figure on the stele. Naram-Sin is wearing the horned helmet showing his god-like status, and authority. He is supported by his ordered troops and feared by his defeated enemies. His face is that of lion or bull, signifying his powers. He is also depicted by showing
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or shown as the face of lion. Helmets of this type at the time when this stele was commissioned were only worn by the Gods. This stele is in essence telling the viewer that Naram-Sin is a victorious conqueror as a result of his divine status. But it also shows Naram-Sin gazing up toward two stars.
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The stele shows a narrative scene of the king crossing the steep slopes into enemy territory; on the left are the ordered imperial forces keeping in rank while marching over the disordered defenders that lie broken and defeated. Naram-Sin is shown as by far the most important figure, towering over
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When a figure is shown wearing a horned helmet in
Akkadian art at the time they would have commonly been considered a god. Here Naram-Sin is wearing just such a helmet to show the viewer that he is a god-king. Divinity is further represented in the three sun-stars pictured above the mountain top.
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The stele is unique in two regards. Most conquest depictions are shown horizontally, with the king being at the top-center. This stele depicts the victory in a diagonal fashion with the king still being at the top-center but where everyone else can look up to him. The second unique aspect of the
326:
in the 12th century BC. Shutruk-Nakhunte was a descendant of the
Lullubi people, whose defeat the stele commemorated. He also claimed to carry the stele there himself. The already ancient inscription was kept, indicating respect for Naram-Sin's victory. He did, however, add an Elamite cuneiform
629:
Winter, Irene J.. "How Tall Was Naram-Sîn’s
Victory Stele? Speculation on the Broken Bottom". Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen, edited by Erica Ehrenberg, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, 2002, pp.
460:
The
Lullubi grovel before the conqueror who has destroyed them and will show no mercy. They are depicted as a broken group lacking discipline, conveying their uncivilized and barbaric nature, which in turn justified the conquest. They were seen as uncivilized and
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and the much stronger
Akkadians deserve to rule over them. It is also there to strike fear into the hearts of any rebels that wish to challenge the rule of the King. This shows his lack of mercy and that any resistance is futile.
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his enemy and troops and all eyes gaze up toward him. The weak and chaotic opposing forces are shown being thrown from atop the mountainside, impaled by spears, fleeing and begging Naram-Sin for
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933:"The hair of the Lullubi is long and worn in a thick braid. They wear animal skins, while the Akkadian soldiers wear the proper attire for battle, helmets and military tunics." in
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432:, king of Anshan and Susa, who has enlarged the kingdom, who takes care of the lands of Elam, the lord of the land of Elam. When the god Inshusinak gave me the order, I defeated
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appears standing to the right, imploring the
Akkadian king to spare him (detail). Lullubi victims are usually shown with pointed beards and long braided hair.
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A tree native to the area is pictured between the two groups of soldiers, firstly to locate the battle in a specific place, and to help frame the stele.
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Unknown. Victory of Naram-Sin over the
Lullubi Tribes . Reign of Naram-Sin (ca. 2250 B.C.). Artstor, library.artstor.org/asset/AWSS35953_35953_31679780
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nature making the conquest justified. Though currently about two meters in height estimates of its original height range up to three meters.
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inscription declaring his own glory and tells how the stele was carried out of the city after the pillage of the city Sippar. In 1898,
436:. I took the stele of Naram-Sin and carried it off, bringing it to the land of Elam. For Inshushinak, my god, I set it as an offering."
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The low depth, typical of similar reliefs, is unusual in the diagonal composition (compare the scenes on the
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as well as being trampled underfoot by Naram-Sin himself. This is supposed to convey their
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845:
Van Dijk, Renate Marian (2017-05-09). "The
Standards on the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin".
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On Art in the Ancient Near East : Volume II From the Third Millennium B.C.E.,
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428:"I am Shutruk-Nahhunte, son of Hallutush-Inshushinak, beloved servant of the god
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517:
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368:. The name Naram-Sin (𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪) appears vertically in the upper right box.
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measures 200 cm. in height (6' 7") and was carved in pinkish sandstone, with
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58:
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Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria
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The second inscription, to the right over the mountainous cone, is in
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
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Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
1165:
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and Cilicia. These vessels—ceramic or metal—were produced during the
490:, watching over the battle between the Akkadians and Lullubi people.
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307:
229:
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165:
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42:
3294:
Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola
1113:
Art et archéologie : Les civilisations du Proche-Orient Ancien,
910:
La Mésopotamie. Essai d'histoire politique, économique et culturelle
468:
448:
373:
291:
265:
217:
1134:
521:
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Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene
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2564:
Project for the Transformation of the Grande Galerie du Louvre
487:
2502:
Camillus Handing the Falerian Schoolmaster over to his Pupils
220:
that dates to approximately 2254–2218 BC, in the time of the
2748:
Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman
1115:
Paris, Réunion des Musées Nationaux, École du Louvre, coll.
528:
III Period, which is around the time of Naram-Sin's rule.
4149:
Near Eastern and Middle Eastern antiquities in the Louvre
1095:
Paris, Éditions des Musées nationaux, 1976, p. 29-32
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King Naram-Sin standing over Lullubian corpses (detail).
3722:
Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit
2754:
A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts
2723:
Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Sebastian
512:; the strongest indication of this is the form of the
386:
The inscription over the head of King Naram-Sin is in
3795:
The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents
2938:
The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena
520:, the vessel closely resembles Anatolian crafts from
4061:
Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca
2328:
Equestrian Portrait of Joachim Murat, King of Naples
1337:
Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II
938:
Rituals of War: The Body and Violence in Mesopotamia
4046:
4007:
3893:
3456:
2661:
1841:
1797:
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795:
A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC
137:
126:
112:
101:
91:
80:
72:
64:
54:
21:
3025:Holy Family with the Family of St John the Baptist
2039:The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
1921:The Attributes of Music, the Arts and the Sciences
1061:McKeon, John (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele".
718:"Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Louvre Museum, Paris"
508:Alternatively, the stele may depict a campaign to
402:, gathered together and they made war against me."
670:Stokstad, Marilyn; Cothren, Michael Watt (2018).
364:Naram-Sin stele, inscription of Naram-Sin in the
3106:Saints Bernardino of Siena and Louis of Toulouse
1754:Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus
285:piece is that Naram-Sin is shown wearing a bull-
4037:Street Scene near the El Ghouri Mosque in Cairo
4024:Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes
3176:Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine
604:
602:
600:
500:The text under the sun was written in Akkadian
426:
392:
2322:Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa
420:who took the stele and brought it with him to
248:leading the Akkadian army to victory over the
2229:Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe
2210:Study (Young Male Nude Seated Beside the Sea)
1915:The Attributes of Civilian and Military Music
1150:
8:
3704:The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family
2397:Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII
2385:Don Pedro of Toledo Kissing Henry IV's Sword
1902:Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas
1129:Culture and history of the ancient Near East
306:The stele is believed to originally be from
2779:Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page
2415:Portrait of Madame Marcotte de Sainte-Marie
883:Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC
765:Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC
1838:
1827:
1247:
1236:
1173:
1157:
1143:
1135:
702:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
416:and was written about 1000 years later by
394:"Naram-Sin the powerful . . . . Sidur and
18:
3201:Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
1029:Legends of the Kings of Akkade: The Texts
3992:Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure
3910:Christ on the Cross Adored by Two Donors
3531:Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle
2868:Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation
2366:Normandy Thatched Cottage, Old Trouville
2112:Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople
2063:Portrait of Madame Marie-Louise Trudaine
625:
623:
3100:Saints Bonaventure and Anthony of Padua
2458:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
1864:Gabrielle d'Estrées et une de ses sœurs
596:
535:
390:and script and fragmentary, but reads:
310:, but was found at the Iranian site of
3947:Still Life of a Lamb's Head and Flanks
1402:Quintus Marcius trilingual inscription
798:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 199.
695:
674:(Sixth ed.). Upper Saddle River.
3941:Portrait of the Marquise de la Solana
2476:Saint Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene
2172:A Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother
290:Showing that although Naram-Sin is a
7:
3164:The Battle Between Love and Chastity
3006:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
2975:The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
2925:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
2742:Three Scenes from the Life of Esther
2334:Napoléon on the Battlefield of Eylau
2027:The Intervention of the Sabine Women
787:
785:
2532:Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice
1507:Cosmetic Spoon: Young Girl Swimming
178:Original location of the stele, in
4129:Archaeological discoveries in Iran
3935:Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet
3916:Portrait of Antonio de Covarrubias
3251:Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione
3145:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
3000:The Healing of Justinian the Canon
2849:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
1127:Leyden & Boston, Brill, coll.
1032:. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns.
1026:Westenholz, Joan Goodnick (1997).
407:Akkadian inscription of Naram-Sin.
14:
3691:The Vegetable Market in Amsterdam
3556:Madonna and Child with Two Donors
2142:The Murder of the Bishop of Liège
1093:L'art d'Agadé au musée du Louvre,
4083:
4082:
3620:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam
3399:(also attributed to Giorgione);
2483:Philippe de Champaigne
2470:Magdalene with the Smoking Flame
1342:Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru
1106:XVIII, p. 196–197 Taf. 104.
820:"The Victory Stele of Naram-Sin"
748:Babylonian & Oriental Record
574:
562:
550:
538:
378:Naram-Sin stele, inscription of
354:
343:
157:
150:
27:
4114:1898 archaeological discoveries
3759:Helena Fourment with a Carriage
3639:Card Players in a Rich Interior
3308:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
3269:Saint Michael Vanquishing Satan
3195:Piero della Francesca
2545:Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
2266:The Woman with a Gambling Mania
614:American Historical Association
37:over the mountain tribe of the
3665:The Money Changer and His Wife
2685:Antonello da Messina
2452:The Adoration of the Shepherds
2316:Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole
1704:Hercules and the lion of Nemea
158:
1:
3765:Helena Fourment with Children
3518:Triptych of the Sedano family
2558:Principal Monuments of France
2403:Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière
1584:Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus
1502:Bronze Sphinx of Thutmose III
792:Mieroop, Marc Van De (2015).
84:
3678:Diptych of an elderly couple
3626:Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer
3245:Madonna with the Blue Diadem
2855:Venus and Cupid with a Satyr
2045:The Loves of Paris and Helen
1789:Winged Victory of Samothrace
1759:The Exaltation of the Flower
1312:Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II
1117:Manuels de l’École du Louvre
1100:Altakkadische Flachbildkunst
989:"Victory Stele of Naram-Sin"
880:Hamblin, William J. (2006).
762:Hamblin, William J. (2006).
641:"Victory Stele of Naram-Sin"
610:"Victory Stele of Naram-Sin"
76:150 centimetres (59 in)
68:200 centimetres (79 in)
3808:Dune Landscape near Haarlem
3734:Saint Matthew and the Angel
3569:Madonna of Chancellor Rolin
3275:Self-Portrait with a Friend
2887:An Old Man and his Grandson
2622:The Embarkation for Cythera
2526:The Inspiration of the Poet
2421:Portrait of Monsieur Bertin
2185:Bonaparte Crossing the Alps
2154:Portrait of Frédéric Chopin
2148:Orphan Girl at the Cemetery
2069:Portrait of Madame Récamier
1709:Judgement of Paris (mosaic)
1674:Dinos of the Gorgon Painter
941:. Zone Books. p. 109.
4175:
3595:Catharina Both-van der Eem
3321:Portrait of a Clad Warrior
3227:Angel Holding a Phylactery
2906:Adoration of the Shepherds
2223:Adoration of the Shepherds
2118:Liberty Leading the People
2021:The Coronation of Napoleon
2015:Andromache Mourning Hector
1877:Artists in Isabey's Studio
1739:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
1724:Marcellus as Hermes Logios
1447:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
1382:Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
968:World History Encyclopedia
886:. Routledge. p. 100.
768:. Routledge. p. 100.
214:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
22:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
4078:
3884:Perseus Freeing Andromeda
3728:Philosopher in Meditation
3402:Saint Jerome in Penitence
3340:Birth of John the Baptist
3087:The Carrying of the Cross
3031:Saint Jerome in Penitence
3019:Christ Carrying the Cross
2792:The Sermon of St. Stephen
2106:The Death of Sardanapalus
2075:Portrait of Pope Pius VII
1837:
1826:
1522:Khonsuemheb and the Ghost
1246:
1235:
1183:
1172:
1104:Propyläen Kunstgeschichte
913:. Le Seuil. p. 141.
145:
26:
4124:Ancient Near East steles
3859:van der Weyden
3434:The Battle of San Romano
3372:The Entombment of Christ
3366:The Crowning with Thorns
3239:Holy Family of Francis I
3188:Young Saint with a Sword
2678:Coronation of the Virgin
2360:The Flood of Saint-Cloud
1327:Investiture of Zimri-Lim
935:Bahrani, Zainab (2008).
190:, before being moved to
3960:The Birth of the Virgin
3716:Landscape with a Castle
2729:Portrait of a Young Man
2379:The Apotheosis of Homer
2248:The 1821 Derby at Epsom
2124:Lion Devouring a Rabbit
2033:Leonidas at Thermopylae
1927:Boy with a Spinning-Top
1749:Sleeping Hermaphroditus
1322:Hurrian foundation pegs
1297:Bushel with ibex motifs
859:10.25159/1013-8471/2525
202:in the 12th century BC.
4109:23rd-century BC steles
3783:Marie de' Medici cycle
3214:Portrait of a Princess
3074:Triumph of the Virtues
3056:Madonna della Vittoria
2969:Saint John the Baptist
2912:Marriage of the Virgin
2520:The Funeral of Phocion
2427:Roger Freeing Angelica
2409:Oedipus and the Sphinx
2272:The Wounded Cuirassier
2260:The Raft of the Medusa
2191:The Children of Edward
1970:The Toilette of Esther
1890:The Brunette Odalisque
1397:Phoenician metal bowls
1131:, 2010, p. 85-149
1063:Boston Museum Bulletin
907:Roux, Georges (1995).
478:
454:
438:
410:
383:
314:. It was taken out of
244:. It depicts the King
3865:Annunciation Triptych
3820:Storm Off a Sea Coast
3710:Bathsheba at Her Bath
3544:Charles I at the Hunt
3378:Madonna of the Rabbit
3334:Adoration of the Magi
2254:The Charging Chasseur
2136:The Massacre at Chios
2051:Minerva Fighting Mars
1527:Raherka and Meresankh
1517:Great Sphinx of Tanis
1422:Stele of the Vultures
1292:Baal with Thunderbolt
1287:Assyrian lion weights
1203:Pavillon de l'Horloge
472:
452:
377:
4154:Limestone sculptures
3771:Hercules and Omphale
3652:The Four Evangelists
3050:Judgement of Solomon
2994:Barbadori Altarpiece
2957:La belle ferronnière
2691:Christ at the Column
2590:A Mediterranean Port
2464:Joseph the Carpenter
2439:The Valpinçon Bather
2347:Jeune fille en buste
1784:Winged Lion of Vulci
1729:Nazareth Inscription
1377:Nazareth Inscription
1282:Amarna letter EA 367
1277:Amarna letter EA 365
1272:Amarna letter EA 364
1267:Amarna letter EA 362
993:Louvre Museum, Paris
847:Journal for Semitics
224:, and is now at the
175:class=notpageimage|
3499:Lamentation (Pietà)
3447:The Wedding at Cana
3408:Woman with a Mirror
3233:La belle jardinière
2981:Virgin of the Rocks
2767:Death of the Virgin
2640:Jupiter and Antiope
2100:The Bride of Abydos
2094:The Barque of Dante
2057:Oath of the Horatii
2002:The Bridge at Narni
1805:Harbaville Triptych
1669:Diana of Versailles
1654:Boscoreale Treasure
1634:Borghese Collection
1589:Antinous Mondragone
1480:Gebel el-Arak Knife
1452:Worshipper of Larsa
1437:Tiara of Saitaferne
1412:Statue of Iddi-Ilum
1352:Manishtushu Obelisk
1119:, 2007, p. 260-261
824:Art Time Traveling!
751:. 1895. p. 27.
651:on 15 February 2019
3512:Cervara Altarpiece
3158:Apollo and Daphnis
2843:Allegory of Virtue
2773:The Fortune Teller
2603:Allegory of Wealth
2297:The Father's Curse
1858:Diana the Huntress
1810:Lampsacus Treasure
1639:Borghese Gladiator
1624:Athena of Velletri
1614:Apollo Sauroctonos
1609:Apollo of Piombino
1552:Statue of Karomama
1537:Tomb of Akhethetep
1367:Namara inscription
1262:ʿAin Ghazal statue
585:, 12th century BC.
505:as very god-like.
479:
455:
384:
246:Naram-Sin of Akkad
4096:
4095:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
3582:The Tree of Crows
3421:Pietà with Saints
3281:Small Holy Family
2508:Et in Arcadia ego
2303:The Village Bride
2291:The Broken Vessel
2285:The Bible Reading
2130:Mademoiselle Rose
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1689:Furietti Centaurs
1532:Stela of Pasenhor
1486:The Seated Scribe
1417:Statue of Ebih-Il
1357:Masub inscription
1307:Code of Hammurabi
1231:
1230:
1213:Pyramide inversée
1198:Pavillon de Flore
1039:978-1-57506-503-8
645:www.mtholyoke.edu
616:. 2 October 2008.
473:The Lullubi king
398:, princes of the
388:Akkadian language
366:Akkadian language
329:Jacques de Morgan
210:
209:
119:, later moved to
106:Jacques de Morgan
4166:
4086:
4085:
4057:
4033:
4020:
3988:
3975:
3966:The Young Beggar
3956:
3931:
3906:
3880:
3861:
3842:
3829:
3814:The Ray of Light
3804:
3789:The Village Fête
3755:
3700:
3687:
3674:
3661:
3648:
3635:
3616:
3591:
3578:
3565:
3540:
3527:
3508:
3495:
3482:
3469:
3443:
3430:
3417:
3396:Pastoral Concert
3384:Man with a Glove
3362:
3349:
3330:
3317:
3304:
3290:
3223:
3210:
3197:
3179:(with Ingegno);
3154:
3141:
3128:
3115:
3096:
3083:
3040:
3015:
2990:
2947:
2934:
2921:
2902:
2883:
2864:
2837:Allegory of Vice
2833:
2820:
2801:
2788:
2763:
2738:
2713:
2704:The Four Seasons
2700:
2687:
2674:
2618:
2609:Hesselin Madonna
2599:
2586:
2573:
2554:
2541:
2514:The Four Seasons
2498:
2485:
2448:
2433:The Turkish Bath
2391:Grande Odalisque
2375:
2356:
2343:
2312:
2281:
2244:
2219:
2206:
2197:The Young Martyr
2181:
2166:Women of Algiers
2090:
2011:
1998:
1985:
1958:Aline Chassériau
1954:
1911:
1886:
1873:
1854:
1839:
1828:
1744:Sleeping Ariadne
1694:Gladiator Mosaic
1659:Cupid and Psyche
1604:Apollo of Mantua
1599:Apollo Belvedere
1492:Banishment Stela
1442:Vase of Entemena
1302:Cippi of Melqart
1248:
1237:
1188:Louvre Colonnade
1174:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1136:
1079:
1078:
1069:(354): 226–243.
1058:
1052:
1051:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
995:. Archived from
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
959:
953:
952:
931:
925:
924:
904:
898:
897:
877:
871:
870:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
826:. 5 October 2011
816:
810:
809:
789:
780:
779:
759:
753:
752:
743:
737:
736:
734:
733:
724:. Archived from
714:
708:
707:
701:
693:
667:
661:
660:
658:
656:
647:. Archived from
637:
631:
627:
618:
617:
606:
583:Shutruk-Nakhunte
578:
566:
554:
542:
418:Shutruk-Nahhunte
408:
380:Shutruk-Nahhunte
358:
347:
324:Shutruk-Nakhunte
258:Zagros Mountains
200:Shutruk-Nakhunte
161:
160:
154:
127:Present location
86:
31:
19:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4119:Akkadian Empire
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4066:
4053:
4042:
4029:
4016:
4003:
3998:Saint Apollonia
3984:
3971:
3952:
3927:
3902:
3889:
3876:
3871:Braque Triptych
3857:
3838:
3825:
3800:
3751:
3696:
3683:
3670:
3657:
3644:
3631:
3612:
3607:The Lute Player
3587:
3574:
3561:
3536:
3523:
3504:
3491:
3478:
3465:
3452:
3439:
3426:
3413:
3358:
3345:
3326:
3313:
3300:
3286:
3219:
3206:
3193:
3150:
3137:
3124:
3111:
3092:
3079:
3068:Saint Sebastian
3036:
3011:
2986:
2943:
2930:
2917:
2898:
2879:
2860:
2829:
2816:
2797:
2784:
2759:
2734:
2717:Christ Blessing
2709:
2696:
2683:
2670:
2657:
2652:The Two Cousins
2614:
2595:
2582:
2569:
2550:
2537:
2494:
2489:Ex-Voto de 1662
2481:
2444:
2371:
2352:
2339:
2308:
2277:
2240:
2215:
2202:
2177:
2086:
2007:
1994:
1981:
1976:The Two Sisters
1950:
1907:
1882:
1869:
1850:
1833:
1814:
1793:
1714:Lady of Auxerre
1684:Eurytios Krater
1629:Barberini ivory
1594:Antioch mosaics
1569:
1556:
1547:Hunters Palette
1466:
1457:Yehawmilk Stele
1427:Stele of Zakkur
1407:Sidon Mithraeum
1317:Gudea cylinders
1255:and Middle East
1254:
1242:
1227:
1223:Medieval Louvre
1179:
1168:
1163:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1040:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
987:
986:
982:
973:
971:
961:
960:
956:
949:
934:
932:
928:
921:
906:
905:
901:
894:
879:
878:
874:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
818:
817:
813:
806:
791:
790:
783:
776:
761:
760:
756:
745:
744:
740:
731:
729:
716:
715:
711:
694:
682:
669:
668:
664:
654:
652:
639:
638:
634:
628:
621:
608:
607:
598:
593:
586:
581:Inscription of
579:
570:
567:
558:
555:
546:
543:
534:
443:
409:
406:
372:
371:
370:
369:
361:
360:
359:
350:
349:
348:
337:
304:
282:
254:mountain people
222:Akkadian Empire
206:
205:
204:
203:
177:
171:
170:
169:
168:
162:
131:Musée du Louvre
96:Akkadian Empire
50:
41:and their king
17:
12:
11:
5:
4172:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4159:Horned helmets
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4027:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3982:
3969:
3950:
3925:
3899:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3874:
3855:
3846:The Astronomer
3836:
3823:
3798:
3749:
3746:Slaughtered Ox
3694:
3681:
3668:
3655:
3642:
3629:
3610:
3601:The Gypsy Girl
3585:
3572:
3559:
3534:
3521:
3502:
3489:
3476:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3437:
3424:
3411:
3356:
3343:
3324:
3311:
3298:
3297:(with Raphael)
3284:
3248:(with Penni);
3217:
3204:
3191:
3148:
3135:
3122:
3109:
3090:
3077:
3034:
3009:
2984:
2941:
2928:
2915:
2896:
2877:
2874:Reign of Comus
2858:
2827:
2814:
2795:
2782:
2757:
2732:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2612:
2593:
2580:
2567:
2548:
2535:
2492:
2479:
2442:
2369:
2350:
2337:
2306:
2275:
2238:
2213:
2200:
2175:
2084:
2005:
1992:
1979:
1948:
1905:
1880:
1867:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1779:Venus of Arles
1776:
1774:Venus Genetrix
1771:
1766:
1764:Venus and Mars
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1719:Las Incantadas
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Diana of Gabii
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:Borghese Venus
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Dendera zodiac
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Bentresh stela
1494:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1208:Louvre Pyramid
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1123:Irene Winter,
1121:
1111:Agnès Benoit,
1109:Agnès Benoit:
1107:
1098:Pierre Amiet:
1096:
1091:Pierre Amiet,
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1053:
1038:
1018:
1009:
980:
954:
947:
926:
919:
899:
892:
872:
837:
811:
804:
781:
774:
754:
738:
709:
680:
662:
632:
619:
595:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
580:
573:
571:
568:
561:
559:
556:
549:
547:
545:Lower section.
544:
537:
533:
530:
495:Standard of Ur
442:
439:
404:
363:
362:
353:
352:
351:
342:
341:
340:
339:
338:
336:
333:
303:
300:
281:
278:
228:in Paris. The
208:
207:
173:
172:
164:
163:
156:
155:
149:
148:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:Identification
135:
134:
128:
124:
123:
114:
110:
109:
103:
99:
98:
93:
92:Period/culture
89:
88:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
32:
24:
23:
16:Akkadian stele
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4171:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4089:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4063:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4032:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3852:The Lacemaker
3848:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3740:Self-Portrait
3736:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3634:
3633:de Hooch
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3564:
3563:van Eyck
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3538:van Dyck
3535:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3473:Ship of Fools
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3353:Self Portrait
3348:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3263:Saint Michael
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2876:
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999:on 2023-09-28
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728:on 2020-08-15
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4134:1898 in Iran
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3979:The Clubfoot
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3182:St Sebastian
3180:
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3139:Parmigianino
3138:
3132:Ancient Rome
3130:
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2672:Fra Angelico
2671:
2650:
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2628:The Faux Pas
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2462:
2456:
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2446:La Tour
2445:
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2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2008:
2000:
1995:
1989:Village Fête
1987:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1951:
1945:Saying Grace
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1734:Rampin Rider
1542:Bull Palette
1484:
1462:Ziwiye hoard
1446:
1432:Tayma stones
1392:Osorkon Bust
1347:Lion of Mari
1128:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1028:
1021:
1012:
1001:. Retrieved
997:the original
992:
983:
972:. Retrieved
966:
957:
937:
929:
909:
902:
882:
875:
853:(1): 33–50.
850:
846:
840:
828:. Retrieved
823:
814:
794:
764:
757:
747:
741:
730:. Retrieved
726:the original
721:
712:
671:
665:
653:. Retrieved
649:the original
644:
635:
613:
526:Early Bronze
507:
499:
492:
484:Akkadian god
480:
459:
456:
444:
427:
411:
393:
385:
335:Inscriptions
305:
283:
262:
236:writings in
213:
211:
3922:Saint Louis
3486:The Beggars
3390:Pardo Venus
3119:Dead Christ
3044:Crucifixion
2881:Ghirlandaio
2160:The Picador
1579:Albani lion
1362:Mesha Stele
1241:Antiquities
1218:Cour Carrée
1193:Lescot Wing
963:"Naram-Sin"
672:Art history
518:Mesopotamia
430:Inshushinak
382:in Elamite.
316:Mesopotamia
302:Rediscovery
270:uncivilized
184:Mesopotamia
33:Victory of
4103:Categories
3347:Tintoretto
3328:Signorelli
3113:Palmezzano
2893:Visitation
2761:Caravaggio
2736:Botticelli
2698:Arcimboldo
1952:Chassériau
1933:The Buffet
1679:Dying Gaul
1086:References
1003:2015-11-16
974:2015-11-16
732:2015-11-16
557:The stars.
102:Discovered
4018:Bonington
3698:Rembrandt
3576:Friedrich
3208:Pisanello
3062:Parnassus
2963:Mona Lisa
2831:Correggio
2786:Carpaccio
2242:Géricault
2217:Fragonard
2179:Delaroche
2088:Delacroix
1852:Anonymous
1832:Paintings
1798:Byzantine
1252:Near East
1048:747412056
867:1013-8471
698:cite book
690:953927607
502:cuneiform
441:Narrative
256:from the
234:cuneiform
186:, modern
59:Limestone
35:Naram-Sin
4088:Category
4047:American
3986:Zurbarán
3904:El Greco
3827:Scheffer
3802:Ruisdael
3646:Jordaens
3493:Christus
3458:Northern
3441:Veronese
3302:Salviati
3152:Perugino
3038:Mantegna
2945:Leonardo
2900:Giordano
2799:Carracci
2571:Scheffer
2235:The Bolt
2220::
2204:Flandrin
1571:Etruscan
1178:Building
463:barbaric
405:—
274:barbaric
238:Akkadian
55:Material
4058::
4034::
4021::
4009:English
3989::
3976::
3957::
3954:Murillo
3932::
3907::
3895:Spanish
3881::
3878:Wtewael
3862::
3843::
3840:Vermeer
3830::
3805::
3756::
3701::
3688::
3675::
3672:Memling
3662::
3649::
3636::
3617::
3614:Holbein
3592::
3579::
3566::
3541::
3528::
3509::
3496::
3483::
3480:Bruegel
3470::
3444::
3431::
3428:Uccello
3418::
3363::
3350::
3331::
3318::
3315:Savoldo
3305::
3291::
3224::
3221:Raphael
3211::
3198::
3155::
3142::
3129::
3116::
3097::
3094:Moretto
3084::
3081:Martini
3041::
3016::
2991::
2951:Bacchus
2948::
2935::
2922::
2903::
2884::
2865::
2834::
2821::
2818:Cimabue
2811:Hunting
2805:Fishing
2802::
2789::
2764::
2739::
2714::
2711:Bellini
2701::
2688::
2675::
2663:Italian
2646:Pierrot
2619::
2616:Watteau
2600::
2587::
2574::
2555::
2542::
2539:Quarton
2499::
2496:Poussin
2486::
2449::
2376::
2357::
2344::
2313::
2282::
2245::
2207::
2182::
2091::
2012::
1999::
1986::
1955::
1939:The Ray
1912::
1909:Chardin
1887::
1884:Boucher
1874::
1855::
1372:Narundi
1075:4171539
830:20 July
655:20 July
630:301-312
532:Details
510:Cilicia
488:Shamash
414:Elamite
400:Lullubi
320:Elamite
318:by the
250:Lullubi
242:Elamite
133:, Paris
87:2250 BC
81:Created
39:Lullubi
4139:Sippar
4055:Leutze
3973:Ribera
3753:Rubens
3659:Matsys
3360:Titian
3288:Romano
3126:Panini
2932:Guardi
2919:Giotto
2824:Maestà
2584:Vernet
2552:Robert
2373:Ingres
2341:Guérin
2279:Greuze
1983:Claude
1871:Boilly
1843:French
1562:Greece
1073:
1046:
1036:
945:
917:
890:
865:
802:
772:
688:
678:
475:Satuni
434:Sippar
396:Sutuni
308:Sippar
230:relief
226:Louvre
180:Sippar
166:Sippar
117:Sippar
108:, 1898
65:Height
43:Satuni
4031:Lewis
3685:Metsu
3525:Dürer
3506:David
3467:Bosch
3013:Lotto
2988:Lippi
2862:Costa
2597:Vouet
2009:David
1996:Corot
1102:, in
1071:JSTOR
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