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746:, directed by Virlogeux, carried out preliminary studies, and examined the feasibility of a single structure spanning the valley. Taking into account technical, architectural, and financial issues, the Administration of Roads opened the question for competition among structural engineers and architects to widen the search for realistic designs. By July 1993, seventeen structural engineers and thirty-eight architects applied as candidates for the preliminary studies. With the assistance of a multidisciplinary commission, the Administration of Roads selected eight structural engineers for a technical study, and seven architects for the architectural study.
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jacks on each plateau pushing the road decks, each pylon was topped with a mechanism on top of each pylon that also pushed the deck. This mechanism consisted of a computer-controlled pair of wedges under the deck manipulated by hydraulics. The upper and lower wedge of each pair pointed in opposite directions. The wedges were hydraulically operated, and moved repeatedly in the following sequence:
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535:. A method of bypassing Millau had long been considered, not only to ease the flow and reduce journey times for long-distance traffic, but also to improve the quality of access to Millau for its local businesses and residents. One of the solutions considered was the construction of a road bridge to span the river and gorge valley. The first plans for a bridge were discussed in 1987 by
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880:, was successful in obtaining the tender. Because the government had already taken the design work to an advanced stage, the technical uncertainties were considerably reduced. A further advantage of this process was to make negotiating the contract easier, reducing public expense, and speeding up construction, while minimising such design work as remained for the contractor.
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1715:. Other extensometers, electrical this time, are distributed on top of P2 and P7. This apparatus is capable of taking up to 100 readings per second. In high winds, they continuously monitor the reactions of the Viaduct to extreme conditions. Accelerometers placed strategically on the road deck monitor the
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The mast pieces were driven over the new road deck lying down horizontally. The pieces were joined to form the one complete mast, still lying horizontally. The mast was then tilted upwards, as one piece, at one time in a tricky operation. In this way, each mast was erected on top of the corresponding
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The lower wedge retracts from under the upper wedge, lowering the roadway and allowing the upper wedge to drop away from the roadway; the lower wedge then moves back all the way to its starting position. There is now a linear distance between the two wedges equal to the distance forward the roadway
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The
Chinese transport minister at the time visited the bridge on the first anniversary of its opening. The commission was impressed by the technical prowess of the bridge's immense construction, but also by the legal and financial assembly of the Viaduct. However, according to the minister, he did
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Two weeks after the laying of the first stone on 14 December 2001, workers started digging deep shafts for the pilings. Each pylon is supported by four concrete pilings. Each piling is 15 metres (49 ft) deep and 5 metres (16 ft) in diameter, assuring the stability of the pylons. At the
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techniques. Each half of the assembled road deck was pushed lengthwise from the plateaus to the pylons, passing across one pylon to the next. During the launching, the road deck was also supported by eight temporary towers, which were removed near the end of construction. In addition to hydraulic
1662:. The surface is somewhat flexible to adapt to deformations in the steel deck without cracking, but it must nevertheless have sufficient strength to withstand motorway conditions (fatigue, density, texture, adherence, anti-rutting etc.). The 'ideal formula' was found after two years of research.
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2679:(R.D. 911), Ă la CĂ´te rouge (R.D. 999) et Ă La Cavalerie (R.N. 9), de l'Ă©changeur d'Engayresque, des aires de repos, de la section de route Ă crĂ©er pour assurer la continuitĂ© de l'itinĂ©raire de substitution d'Engayresque Ă Lasparets ainsi que des mesures d'accompagnement sur cet itinĂ©raire Ă
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Simultaneously, a school of international experts representing a wide spectrum of expertise (technical, architectural, and landscape), chaired by Jean-François Coste, was established to clarify the choices that had to be made. In
February 1995, on the basis of proposals of the architects and
2739:"Décret 2001-923 du 8 octobre 2001 approuvant la convention de concession passée entre l'Etat et la Compagnie EIFFAGE du viaduc de Millau pour le financement, la conception, la construction, l'exploitation et l'entretien du viaduc de Millau et le cahier des charges annexé à cette convention"
2006:
13 May 2007 – 10,496 runners took the departure of the race from Place de
Mandarous, in the centre of Millau, to the southern end of the Viaduct. After starting on the northern side, they crossed the viaduct, then retraced their steps. Total distance: 23.7 kilometres
1563:. The six central spans measure 342 metres (1,122 ft), and the two outer spans are 204 metres (669 ft). These are composed of 173 central box beams, the spinal column of the construction, onto which the lateral floors and the lateral box beams were
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sheath). The exterior envelope of the stays is itself coated along its entire length with a double helical weatherstrip. The idea is to avoid running water which, in high winds, could cause vibration in the stays and compromise the stability of the viaduct.
503:). It was built over three years, formally inaugurated on 14 December 2004, and opened to traffic two days later on 16 December. The bridge has been consistently ranked as one of the greatest engineering achievements of modern times, and received the 2006
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top of the pilings a large footing was poured, 3–5 metres (10–16 ft) in thickness,to reinforce the strength of the pilings. The 2,000 cubic metres (2,600 cu yd) of concrete necessary for the footings was poured at the same time as pilings.
1770:; the bridge toll booths and the buildings for the commercial and technical management teams are situated 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the viaduct. The toll plaza is protected by a canopy in the shape of a leaf, formed from tendrilled
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After the choice of the high viaduct, five teams of architects and researchers worked on a technical solution. The concept and design for the bridge was devised by French designer and structural engineer Michel
Virlogeux. He worked with the
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The competition was relaunched: five combinations of architects and structural engineers, drawn from the best candidates of the first phase, were formed; each was to conduct in-depth studies of one of the general designs. On 15 July 1996,
551:. During 1995–1996, a second definition study was made by five associated architect groups and structural engineers. In January 1995, the government issued a declaration of public interest to solicit design approaches for a competition.
1678:, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of low-current cables, and 357 telephone sockets; allowing maintenance teams to communicate with each other and with the command post. These are situated on the deck, on the pylons, and on the masts.
1019:, financed the construction in return for a concession to collect the tolls for 75 years, until 2080. However, if the concession yields high revenues, the French government can assume control of the bridge as early as 2044.
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that can affect the metal structure. Displacements of the deck on the abutment level are measured to the nearest millimetre. The cable stays are also instrumented, and their ageing meticulously analysed. Additionally, two
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A mega-structure bridge constructed several hundred meters above ground, without any loss of life throughout the three year construction period (First stone laid on 14 December 2001, Official inauguration on 14 December
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high performance concrete. The pylons of the Millau
Viaduct, which are the tallest elements (the tallest one being 244.96 metres (803.7 ft)) were produced and mounted by PAECH Construction Enterprise from Poland.
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Once the
Ministry of Public Works had taken the decision to offer the construction and operation of the viaduct as a grant of contract, an international call for tenders was issued in 1999. Five consortia tendered:
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In March 2002, the pylons emerged from the ground. The speed of construction then rapidly increased. Every three days, each pylon increased in height by 4 metres (13 ft). This performance was mainly due to
683:) – was supported by local opinion, but presented geological difficulties, notably on the question of crossing the valley of the Tarn. Expert investigation concluded that these obstacles were not insurmountable.
1042:) of steel for the reinforced concrete, and 5,000 tonnes (5,500 short tons) of pre-stressed steel for the cables and shrouds. The builder claims that the lifetime of the bridge will be at least 120 years.
763:, minister of Public Works, announced the decision of the jury, which was constituted of elected artists and experts, and chaired by Christian Leyrit, the director of highways. The solution of a multiple-span
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on two very high and long bridges (spans of 800 and 1,000 metres or 2,600 and 3,300 feet) whose construction was acknowledged to be problematic. This option would have allowed access to Millau only from the
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The highest pylons in the world: pylons P2 and P3, 244.96 metres (803 ft 8 in) and 221.05 metres (725 ft 3 in) in height respectively, broke the French record previously held by the
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The upper wedge moves backward, placing it further back along the roadway, adjacent to the front tip of the lower wedge and ready to repeat the cycle and advance the roadway by another increment.
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Each mast of the
Viaduct is equipped with a monoaxial layer of eleven pairs of cable-stays; laid face to face. Depending on their length, the cable stays were made of 55 to 91 high tensile
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concrete pylon. The stays connecting the masts and the deck were then installed, and the bridge was tensioned overall, and weight tested. After this, the temporary pylons could be removed.
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the low solution, descending into the valley and crossing the river on a 200-metre-long (660 ft) bridge, then a viaduct of 2,300 metres (7,500 ft), extended by a tunnel on the
2687:, classant dans la catégorie des autoroutes l'ensemble de la voie comprise entre l'échangeur d'Engayresque et La Cavalerie Sud (du P.R. 22,700 au P.R. 66,820) dans le département de l'
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574:. The decision to proceed by grant of contract was made in May 1998; then in June 2000, the contest for the construction contract was launched, open to four consortia. In March 2001,
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710:, had a negative impact on the town, cost more, and lengthened the driving distance. The choice of the 'high' solution was decided by ministerial decree on 29 October 1991.
2675:(mise aux normes autoroutières du P.R. 23,520 au P.R. 26,580), entre Lasparets et La Cavalerie Sud (du P.R. 26,580 au P.R. 66,820) y compris les voies de raccordement Ă
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The objective of the viaduct would not be achieved; because of the toll, the viaduct would be little used, and the project would not solve Millau's congestion problems.
539:, and by October 1991 the decision was made to build a high crossing of the Tarn by a structure of around 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) in length. During 1993–1994, the
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had the privilege of crossing the bridge deck for the first time, but the walk was not authorised to go further than pylon P1; the bridge was still closed to traffic.
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649:. Technically easier (requiring four viaducts), this solution was judged to have negative impacts on the environment, in particular on the picturesque villages of
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group, which constructed the
Viaduct also operates it, under a government contract, which allows the company to collect tolls for up to 75 years. As of 2018, the
2043:) to 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph) because tourists were slowing down to take photos. Soon after the bridge opened to traffic, cars were stopping on the
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of the viaduct are large in proportion to the size of the bridge. There are 30 kilometres (19 mi) of high-current cables, 20 kilometres (12 mi) of
1967:
1845:, Chantal Jourdan, on 30 June 2006, after 7 months of works. The farm and its surroundings can accommodate entertainment and tourism promotion activities.
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cables, or strands, themselves formed of seven strands of steel (a central strand with six intertwined strands). Each strand has triple protection against
668:) – would have served the town of Millau well, but presented technical difficulties, and would have had a strong impact on existing or planned structures.
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established the subsidiary
Compagnie Eiffage du Viaduc de Millau (CEVM), and was declared winner of the contest and awarded the prime contract in August.
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November 2003: completion of the last piers (piers P2 at 245 metres (804 ft) and P3 at 221 metres (725 ft) are the highest piers in the world)
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The project would never break even; toll income would never amortise the initial investment, and the contractor would have to be supported by subsidies.
1973:
A comparison of the side elevation of the Millau
Viaduct to the side elevations of some of the most notable bridges around the world on the same scale
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958:. It installed the cable stays and put them under tension, while the prestress division of Eiffage was responsible for prestressing the pillar heads.
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1567:. The central box beams have a 4 metres (13 ft 1 in) cross-section, and a length of 15–22 metres (49–72 ft) for a total weight of 90
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1841:, is situated just north of the viaduct, and is centred on an old farm building named 'Ferme de Brocuéjouls'. It was inaugurated by the prefect of
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The westernmost route would be better, longer by 3 kilometres (1.9 mi), but a third of the cost with its three more conventional structures.
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The lower wedge slides under the upper wedge, raising it to the roadway above, and then forcing the upper wedge still higher to lift the roadway
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1607:), are set on top of the concrete pylons. Between each of them, eleven stays (steel cables) are anchored, providing support for the road deck.
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group had some role in the construction work. The construction consortium was made up of the Eiffage TP company for the concrete part, the
630:. Although this option was shorter and better suited to through-traffic, it did not satisfactorily serve the needs of Millau and its area.
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981:(ICT) company of the Walloon Region. They carried out the general calculations and the resistance calculations for winds of up to 225
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After long construction studies by the Ministry of Public Works, the low solution was abandoned because it would have intersected the
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Detailed studies were carried out by the successful consortium, steered by the highways authority until mid-1998. After undergoing
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1407:, considerably reducing the cost and time of vehicle traffic travelling along this route. Many tourists heading to southern
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the high solution, envisaging a 2,500-metre-long (8,200 ft) viaduct more than 200 metres (660 ft) above the river;
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The technical difficulties were too great, and the bridge would be dangerous and unsustainable; the pylons, sitting on the
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Since opening in 2004, the deck height of Millau has been surpassed by several suspension bridges in China, including
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28 May 2004: the pieces of roadway are several centimetres apart, their juncture to be accomplished within two weeks
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The launching advanced the road deck at 600 millimetres (24 in) per cycle which was roughly four minutes long.
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and viewing station, equipped with public toilets, is situated at each side of the toll plaza. The total cost was
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in the U.S. state of Colorado is also higher, with a bridge deck approximately 291 metres (955 ft) over the
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The viaduct represented a detour, reducing the number of visitors passing through Millau and slowing its economy.
1732:, density of the flow of traffic, etc. This system can distinguish between fourteen different types of vehicle.
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The bridge road deck was constructed on plateaus at both ends of the viaduct, and pushed onto the pylons using
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1058:, the national federation of motorway users, and Environmental Action. Opponents advanced several arguments:
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The northern half of the road deck being slowly launched across the pylons. View from the west in early 2004
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and Saint-Georges-de-Luzençon. It was more expensive than the preceding option, and served the region badly.
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770:, presented by the structural engineering group Sogelerg, Europe Etudes Gecti and Serf, and the architects
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at its highest point; it is nearly twice as tall as the previous tallest vehicular bridges in Europe, the
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343 metres (1,125 ft): height of Pier 2, the tallest (245 metres or 804 feet at the roadway's level)
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were installed in the base of pylon P2. Being the tallest of all, it is therefore under the most intense
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near the town of Millau, causing much traffic congestion at the beginning and end of the July and August
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2076:, asked the council of the town hall of Millau about the popularity of the construction of the viaduct.
2000:
1782:), the canopy is 100 metres (330 ft) long and 28 metres (92 ft) wide. It weighs around 2,500
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1559:), is 2,460 metres (8,070 ft) long and 32 metres (105 ft 0 in) wide. It comprises eight
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structural engineers, and with support of the school of experts, five general designs were identified.
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Unusually for a bridge closed to pedestrians, a run took place in 2004, and another on 13 May 2007:
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2nd half of 2004: installation of the pylons and shrouds, removal of the temporary roadway supports
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2814:"Final hydraulic launch successfully closes last gap in the Millau Viaduct in the south of France"
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et portant mise en compatibilité des plans d'occupation des sols des communes d'Aguessac, Millau,
2018:
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The toll plaza can accommodate sixteen lanes of traffic, eight in each direction. At times of low
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for the 340 kilometres (210 mi) between Clermont-Ferrand and BĂ©ziers, except for the bridge.
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The highest bridge tower in the world: the mast atop pylon P2 peaks at 343 metres (1,125 ft);
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Société du Viaduc de Millau, including the French companies ASF, Egis Projects, GTM Construction,
781:, the shape of the road deck was altered, and detailed corrections were made to the design of the
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valley were causing congestion, especially in the summer due to holiday traffic on the route from
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The pylons, road deck, masts, and cable stays are equipped with a multitude of sensors to enable
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of state funds for the realisation of the area (access roads, parking, rest area, toilets, etc.)
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To allow for deformations of the metal road deck under traffic, a special surface of modified
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2938:"Launching the Millau Viaduct's Bridge Deck Sections | Enerpac Heavy Lifting Technology"
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July 2002: start of work on the foundations of temporary, height adjustable roadway supports
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Le viaduc de Millau : un ouvrage exceptionnel initié par le ministère de l'équipement
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explored the engineering aspects in the construction of the Millau Viaduct in Series 2 of
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785:. When the details were eventually finalised, the whole design was approved in late 1998.
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The metallic road deck, which appears very light despite its total mass of around 36,000
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are concrete structures that provide anchorage for the road deck to the ground in the
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Millau Viaduct as viewed from the A75 near the Aire du Viaduc de Millau, facing south
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because of a spark originating from a welder; some trees were destroyed in the fire.
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The steel road deck, and the hydraulic action of the road deck were designed by the
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The 'high solution' required the construction of a 2,500-metre-long (8,200 ft)
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1391:. The A75, with the A10 and A71, provides a continuous high-speed route south from
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645:) – longer than the eastern option by 12 kilometres (7.5 mi), following the
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1347:. The bridge now traverses the Tarn valley above its lowest point, linking two
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viaducts (141 metres or 463 feet), and the world record previously held by the
943:) for electrical installations. Management was handled by Eiffage Concessions.
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1950:: typical automobile toll (price increasing in summer), as of August 2018
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for the restoration of the old farm building of Brocuéjouls (all two tranches)
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The bridge also appeared in the ending of the console and PC versions of the
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20 kilometres (12 mi): horizontal radius of curvature of the road deck
1801:, the central booth is capable of servicing vehicles in both directions. A
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The highest road bridge deck in Europe, 270 metres (890 ft) above the
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3208:"Top Gear TV > Supercars across France, part 4/4 (series 7, episode 3)"
2054:
was designed by Sarah Lazarevic to commemorate the opening of the Viaduct.
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Compagnie Eiffage du Viaduc de Millau (CEVM), a new subsidiary created by
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déclarant d'utilité publique les travaux de construction des sections de
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Both wedges move forward together, advancing the roadway a short distance
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The only other business that had a notable role on the building site was
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Satellite image of the proposed route before construction of the bridge
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3165:
2127:
Spyder on a road trip across France to see the newly completed bridge.
876:
The Compagnie Eiffage du Viaduc de Millau, working with the architect
3987:
3882:
2684:
1927:
1894:
1884:
1725:
1446:
1408:
1355:
1332:. Before the bridge was constructed, traffic had to descend into the
1315:
900:
846:
832:
699:
623:
595:
520:
435:
427:
201:
152:
140:
126:
912:
company for the roadway's hydraulic supports. The engineering group
617:) – passing east of Millau and crossing the valleys of the Tarn and
3257:
3927:
3892:
2973:
from the original on 22 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
2944:
from the original on 22 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
2913:"The art of cable-stayed bridges on the Meuse and all over Europe"
1934:
1876:
1824:
1816:
1783:
1616:
1596:
1588:
1568:
1552:
1526:
1464:
1440:
1412:
1404:
1392:
1298:
1256:
1222:
1196:
1086:
1072:
1035:
858:
792:
782:
729:
585:
532:
528:
478:
424:
215:
123:
1283:
surpassed Millau as the world's highest cable-stayed bridge. The
845:
a consortium led by Générale Routière, with Via GTI (France) and
3982:
3947:
3942:
1010:
917:
865:
842:, SGE, CDC Projets, Tofinso, and the Italian company Autostrade;
491:
337:
3830:
3303:
1075:
of the Tarn Valley, would not support the structure adequately.
509:
International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering
4148:
3902:
2925:
This French-language video illustrates the launching technique
1463:
Each of the seven pylons is supported by four deep shafts, 15
992:
The sliding shutter technology for the bridge piers came from
801:
is the tallest structure in France, 23 m taller than the
3143:
2955:
https://acivengstudent.com/2019/09/06/millau-viaduct-bridge/
1912:
4.20 metres (13 ft 9 in): thickness of the roadway
1233:(Germany), which is 181 metres (594 ft) at its highest;
466:, having a structural height of 343 metres (1,125 ft).
3076:. Compagnie Eiffage du Viaduc de Millau: 3. 4 November 2004
1190:
16 December 2004: opening of the viaduct, ahead of schedule
2047:
so that travelers could view the landscape and the bridge.
1915:
32.05 metres (105 ft 2 in): width of the roadway
1579:
shape, providing negative lift in strong wind conditions.
1050:
Numerous organisations opposed the project, including the
601:
In initial studies, four potential options were examined:
3111:"Brocuéjouls Farm on the Midi-Pyrénées heritages website"
2551:"10 greatest modern day engineering marvels of the world"
1909:
270 metres (890 ft): average height of the roadway
1376:
The Millau Viaduct forms the last link of the existing
1212:
The construction Millau Viaduct broke several records:
1160:
June 2002: support C8 completed, start of work on piers
3180:"l'École de Paris du management – Ecole de Paris"
2152:
Construction of the bridge was featured in the series
1175:
25–26 February 2003: laying of first pieces of roadway
2079:
This bridge was featured in a scene of the 2007 film
1821:
View of the rest area with the 'Ferme de Brocuéjouls'
1438:
during the peak season of 15 June to 15 September).
4365:
4317:
4162:
4026:
3864:
3746:
3717:
3686:
3643:
3345:
1711:. These sensors detect movements on the order of a
1415:follow this route because it is direct and without
691:on 28 June 1989. It encompassed two possibilities:
387:
376:
371:
353:
345:
332:
314:
302:
291:
286:
278:
268:
253:
245:
241:
343 m (1,125 ft) (max pylon above ground)
237:
229:
221:
207:
187:
182:
172:
158:
136:
119:
108:
69:
34:
1999:December 2004 – 19,000 walkers and runners of the
1750:room at the management building situated near the
626:plateau, using the long and tortuous descent from
2883:"Database of ICT companies in the Walloon Region"
2762:
2760:
2525:"The 10 greatest engineering feats of the decade"
2577:"Top 10 modern engineering marvels in the world"
2072:, who envisaged the construction of a bridge in
1157:March 2002: start of work on the pier support C8
742:. From 1991 to 1993, the structures division of
3276:Millau Viaduct on the Aveyron touristic website
1944:10,000–25,000 vehicles: estimated daily traffic
989:). They also applied the launching technology.
558:design with multiple spans, as proposed by the
519:In the 1980s, high levels of road traffic near
4539:Transport in Occitania (administrative region)
2780:"ARCADIS tekende voor hoogste brug ter wereld"
2380:
1627:, a coating of petroleum wax, and an extruded
1471:) deep and 5 metres (16 ft) in diameter.
1310:The Millau Viaduct is on the territory of the
899:in 1884, a railway bridge in the neighbouring
718:engineering firm Arcadis, responsible for the
3842:
3315:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
1193:10 January 2005: initial planned opening date
1166:August 2002: start of work on pier support C0
554:In July 1996 the jury decided in favour of a
489:. The cost of construction was approximately
8:
3133:"Internet des Services de l'Etat en Aveyron"
3000:
2998:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2017:In 2004, a fire started on the slope of the
163:
40:
1279:) over the Beipan River. In 2012, Mexico's
1151:14 December 2001: laying of the first stone
3849:
3835:
3827:
3435:Jiangsu Nanjing Broadcast Television Tower
3322:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3067:"A specific surfacing extensively tested!"
3029:"Modeling of rain-wind induced vibrations"
2350:
1473:
1169:September 2002: assembly of roadway begins
979:information and communication technologies
31:
2248:List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans
2140:Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections
1903:87 metres (285 ft): height of a mast
2712:"ARCADIS BRIDGES, connecting communĂŻties
1503:94.501 m (310 ft 0.5 in)
823:a consortium led by the Spanish company
27:Cable-stayed bridge in Occitanie, France
3158:"Bio/References : Sarah Lazarevic"
3127:
3125:
3123:
3008:. Compagnie Eiffage du Viaduc de Millau
2967:"Assembling the World's Tallest Bridge"
2300:
2146:The bridge was featured in Series 2 of
2105:The hosts of the British motoring show
2058:not envisage building a counterpart in
1187:14 December 2004: official inauguration
3731:Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie
3340:indicate structures under construction
2467:"France builds world's tallest bridge"
1518:111.94 m (367 ft 3 in)
1515:136.42 m (447 ft 7 in)
1512:144.21 m (473 ft 2 in)
1509:221.05 m (725 ft 3 in)
1506:244.96 m (803 ft 8 in)
820:PAECH Construction Enterprise, Poland;
450:. The design team was led by engineer
2102:confronts the game's true antagonist.
1651:was installed by research teams from
1521:77.56 m (254 ft 6 in)
1369:, and is inside the perimeter of the
1154:January 2002: laying pier foundations
1004:The bridge's construction cost up to
590:The four proposed routes for the new
462:. As of October 2023, it is the
414:
309:Compagnie Eiffage du Viaduc de Millau
177:Compagnie Eiffage du Viaduc de Millau
64:A view of the Millau Viaduct in 2005.
7:
3725:Jintang-Cezi Overhead Powerline Link
2726:Een technisch hoogstandje bij Millau
2263:List of tallest bridges in the world
2258:List of highest bridges in the world
1445:The Millau Viaduct, and the town of
1277:Beipan River Hukun Expressway Bridge
1273:Beipan River Guanxing Highway Bridge
920:engineering having partial control.
4554:21st-century architecture in France
4534:Buildings and structures in Aveyron
4094:Maintenance, repair, and operations
3027:Peil, Udo; Nahrath, Niklas (2003).
2609:. 13 September 2006. Archived from
2423:"France 'completes' tallest bridge"
2035:on the bridge was reduced from 130
1303:The Millau Viaduct and the town of
1172:November 2002: first piers complete
1022:The project required about 127,000
931:was responsible for the job of the
916:has authority in the project, with
3737:Yangtze River power line crossings
3565:Tianjin Radio and Television Tower
3385:China Central Radio & TV Tower
3098:Details of A75 on Saratlas website
2848:"Cable-stayed bridges, by Greisch"
2790:. 13 December 2004. Archived from
1848:The cost of this work amounted to
687:The fourth option was selected by
469:The Millau Viaduct is part of the
25:
4398:Controlled-access highway systems
2919:(in French). RTBF. Archived from
2465:Chris Bockman (4 November 2003).
2386:"France shows off tallest bridge"
1383:(known as "la MĂ©ridienne"), from
4458:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
4279:Sustainable urban infrastructure
3811:Tallest buildings and structures
3243:
2222:
2208:
2194:
2180:
2166:
1959:
1635:The stays were installed by the
1595:) high, and weighing around 700
883:All the member companies of the
58:
4413:Hong Kong International Airport
4039:Infrastructure asset management
3816:Tallest freestanding structures
3455:Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower
3405:Emley Moor transmitting station
3268:Millau Viaduct official website
3006:"Toll charges – Getting around"
2495:"Millau Viaduct - construction"
2349:. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
1976:(click for interactive version)
4504:Cable-stayed bridges in France
1735:The data is transmitted by an
254:
1:
4549:2004 establishments in France
4509:Foster and Partners buildings
3560:Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower
2290:, in Colorado, United States.
1941:): total weight of the bridge
1778:. Consisting of 53 elements (
1285:Royal Gorge suspension bridge
726:Choosing the definitive route
423:completed in 2004 across the
262:6Ă—342 m (1,122 ft),
4428:Kansai International Airport
4289:Transit-oriented development
2133:, one of the above hosts on
1683:structural health monitoring
1148:16 October 2001: work begins
233:32.05 m (105.2 ft)
225:2,460 m (8,070 ft)
4403:Electric power transmission
3677:Sutong Yangtze River Bridge
2655:"DĂ©cret du 10 janvier 1995"
2633:"The Millau Bridge, page 2"
2268:Jiaxing-Shaoxing Sea Bridge
2111:featured the bridge during
2095:James Bond 007: Blood Stone
1575:). The deck has an inverse
1056:France Nature Environnement
505:Outstanding Structure Award
464:tallest bridge in the world
4570:
4483:Transcontinental railroads
4129:Public–private partnership
3585:Tortoise Mountain TV Tower
2529:ConstructionWeekOnline.com
2060:People's Republic of China
2012:Events and popular culture
1991:Pedestrian sporting events
1531:A pylon under construction
1434:for light automobiles (or
1336:valley and pass along the
750:Choice of technical design
249:342 m (1,122 ft)
4544:Bridges completed in 2004
4388:Bus rapid transit systems
3801:
3665:Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge
3590:Turner Broadcasting tower
3515:Saint Petersburg TV Tower
3425:Indosiar Television Tower
3335:
3045:10.12989/was.2003.6.1.041
2697:Saint-Georges-de-Luzençon
2253:List of bridges by length
2243:List of bridges in France
2238:World Architecture Survey
2154:How Did They Build That?
2148:World's Greatest Bridges.
1893:77 metres (253 ft):
1587:The seven masts, each 87
392:
349:16 December 2004, at 9:00
260:204 m (669 ft),
57:
3525:Sint-Pieters-Leeuw Tower
2603:"Millau Viaduct, France"
2555:WonderfulEngineering.com
1839:Aire du Viaduc de Millau
1813:Rest area of Brocuéjouls
1672:electrical installations
1666:Electrical installations
935:on the bridge deck, and
840:Bouygues Travaux Publics
416:[vja.dykdəmi.jo]
274:270 m (890 ft)
264:204 m (669 ft)
3898:Critical infrastructure
3510:Riga Radio and TV Tower
3480:Mumbai Television Tower
1897:of Pier 7, the shortest
1373:regional natural park.
1202:Panorama Millau Viaduct
933:bituminous road surface
891:for the steel roadway (
774:was declared the best.
4519:Toll bridges in France
4514:High-tech architecture
4342:Mechanical engineering
4337:Electrical engineering
4044:Build–operate–transfer
3908:Electricity generation
2067:governor of California
1906:154: number of shrouds
1837:of Brocuéjouls, named
1830:
1822:
1543:and the Causse Rouge.
1532:
1450:
1307:
1204:
1092:
950:, a subsidiary of the
805:
735:
720:structural engineering
676:
661:
638:
610:
598:
407:
359:; 19 years ago
320:; 22 years ago
164:
41:
4478:Trans-Alaska pipeline
4084:Life-cycle assessment
4059:Engineering contracts
3938:Municipal solid waste
3858:Public infrastructure
3659:1915 Çanakkale Bridge
2923:on 8 September 2012.
2070:Arnold Schwarzenegger
1828:
1820:
1724:gather traffic data:
1722:piezoelectric sensors
1530:
1475:heights of the piers
1444:
1302:
1200:
1090:
796:
733:
589:
543:consulted with seven
357:14 December 2004
298:, structural engineer
4373:Akashi KaikyĹŤ Bridge
4239:Mobile data terminal
4013:Water supply network
4008:Wastewater treatment
3580:Torreta de Guardamar
3490:Oriental Pearl Tower
3375:Berliner Fernsehturm
3330:Supertall structures
3252:at Wikimedia Commons
3100:(see "Position #82")
2985:"Royal Gorge Bridge"
2499:LeViaducdeMillau.com
2090:third-person shooter
1459:Pylons and abutments
1208:Construction records
549:structural engineers
318:16 October 2001
93:44.07944°N 3.02222°E
4529:Landmarks in France
4443:Offshore wind farms
4254:Renewable resources
4174:Air traffic control
4079:Infrastructure bond
3505:Rameswaram TV Tower
3140:archive.wikiwix.com
3074:Le Viaduc de Millau
3033:Wind and Structures
2826:Actuant Corporation
2794:on 19 November 2008
2722:bruggenstichting.nl
2667:comprises entre le
2581:IveyEngineering.com
2283:Rio-Antirrio Bridge
2230:Architecture portal
2115:, when they took a
2065:The cabinet of the
2037:kilometres per hour
1476:
1269:Baling River Bridge
1052:World Wildlife Fund
1000:Costs and resources
983:kilometres per hour
797:The P2 pier of the
768:cable-stayed bridge
679:), west of Millau (
421:cable-stayed bridge
296:Dr Michel Virlogeux
89: /
4524:Viaducts in France
4284:Traffic congestion
4194:Congestion pricing
3998:Telecommunications
3913:Energy development
3806:Tallest structures
3718:Electricity pylons
3696:Shuangjiangkou Dam
3500:Pitampura TV Tower
3450:Kuala Lumpur Tower
3430:Jaisalmer TV Tower
3168:on 7 October 2013.
2743:LegiFrance.gouv.fr
2659:LegiFrance.gouv.fr
2583:. 10 November 2011
2394:. 14 December 2004
2288:Royal Gorge Bridge
2202:Engineering portal
2082:Mr. Bean's Holiday
1890:7: number of piers
1831:
1823:
1533:
1474:
1451:
1403:region, thence to
1308:
1205:
1102:sliding shuttering
1093:
835:, and Bec, France;
806:
736:
689:ministerial decree
599:
562:consortium led by
442:department in the
315:Construction start
4491:
4490:
4408:High-speed trains
4332:Civil engineering
4234:Land-use planning
4184:Bus rapid transit
3824:
3823:
3762:Baldpate Platform
3605:Vinnytsia TV Mast
3248:Media related to
3221:. 20 October 2008
3219:BBC Worldwide Ltd
2278:Pont de Normandie
2074:San Francisco Bay
2001:Three Bridge Walk
1986:Impact and events
1525:
1524:
1322:, France, in the
1271:, and two spans (
1265:Sidu River Bridge
1231:Kochertal Viaduct
965:engineering firm
855:Ferrovial Agroman
779:wind tunnel tests
772:Foster + Partners
419:) is a multispan
396:
395:
333:Construction cost
98:44.07944; 3.02222
16:(Redirected from
4561:
4473:Three Gorges Dam
4453:Port of Shanghai
4347:Public economics
4199:Containerization
4189:Carbon footprint
4099:Natural monopoly
3968:Public utilities
3963:Public transport
3851:
3844:
3837:
3828:
3780:Troll A platform
3630:Yerevan TV Tower
3610:West Pearl Tower
3600:Vilnius TV Tower
3550:Tallinn TV Tower
3520:Samatra TV Tower
3460:Liberation Tower
3415:Fazilka TV Tower
3365:Bailong Elevator
3324:
3317:
3310:
3301:
3296:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:Official website
3250:Viaduc de Millau
3247:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3212:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3184:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3164:. Archived from
3154:
3148:
3147:
3146:on 15 June 2007.
3142:. Archived from
3137:
3129:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2963:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2889:. Archived from
2881:Matagne Didier.
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2858:. Archived from
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2735:
2729:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2665:l'autoroute A 75
2651:
2645:
2644:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2501:. Archived from
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2462:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2419:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2382:
2355:
2354:
2338:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2188:Transport portal
2185:
2184:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2027:
1977:
1963:
1949:
1930:of concrete used
1864:
1858:
1851:
1808:
1661:
1541:Causse du Larzac
1477:
1437:
1433:
1397:Clermont-Ferrand
1385:Clermont-Ferrand
1368:
1354:, the Causse du
1114:bridge launching
1015:. The builders,
1014:
1007:
954:specialising in
930:
868:were built with
682:
667:
662:proche de la RN9
644:
616:
564:Michel Virlogeux
502:
495:
452:Michel Virlogeux
418:
413:
408:Viaduc de Millau
383:
367:
365:
360:
341:
328:
326:
321:
305:
256:
167:
165:Viaduc de Millau
104:
103:
101:
100:
99:
94:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
62:
52:
44:
42:Viaduc de Millau
32:
21:
18:Viaduc de Millau
4569:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4383:Brooklyn Bridge
4361:
4319:
4313:
4299:Waste-to-energy
4259:Reverse osmosis
4229:Hybrid vehicles
4224:High-speed rail
4209:Fuel efficiency
4179:Brownfield land
4166:
4164:
4158:
4074:Government debt
4022:
3918:Hazardous waste
3870:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3825:
3820:
3797:
3742:
3713:
3682:
3639:
3635:Zhongyuan Tower
3495:Ostankino Tower
3420:Gerbrandy Tower
3341:
3331:
3328:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2949:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2862:on 11 July 2011
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2769:, op. cit., p.4
2765:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2531:. 12 April 2010
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2472:BBC News Online
2464:
2463:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2391:BBC News Online
2384:
2383:
2358:
2339:
2302:
2297:
2273:Baluarte Bridge
2228:
2221:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2131:Richard Hammond
2021:
2014:
2007:(14.7 mi).
1993:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1947:
1872:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1815:
1806:
1776:ceracem process
1760:
1668:
1655:
1653:Appia (company)
1645:
1613:
1585:
1549:
1461:
1456:
1435:
1431:
1362:
1338:route nationale
1297:
1281:Baluarte Bridge
1210:
1203:
1145:
1128:has just moved.
1110:
1085:
1048:
1009:
1005:
1002:
924:
922:Appia (company)
897:Garabit viaduct
791:
752:
728:
722:of the bridge.
680:
665:
642:
633:Great Western (
614:
605:Great Eastern (
584:
582:Possible routes
517:
497:
490:
448:Southern France
434:near (west of)
411:
381:
363:
361:
358:
336:
324:
322:
319:
303:
270:Clearance below
263:
261:
183:Characteristics
112:4 lanes of the
97:
95:
91:
88:
83:
80:
78:
76:
75:
65:
53:
46:
38:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4567:
4565:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4496:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4433:Millau Viaduct
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Channel Tunnel
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4357:Urban planning
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4304:Weatherization
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4114:Public finance
4111:
4109:Public capital
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3978:Rail transport
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3953:Public housing
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3831:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3692:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3653:Millau Viaduct
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:Tashkent Tower
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3284:Millau Viaduct
3281:
3273:
3265:
3253:
3239:
3238:External links
3236:
3233:
3232:
3199:
3171:
3149:
3119:
3102:
3087:
3058:
3019:
2994:
2976:
2958:
2947:
2929:
2904:
2893:on 6 July 2011
2873:
2839:
2805:
2771:
2756:
2730:
2714:
2702:
2646:
2637:news.BBC.co.uk
2624:
2613:on 1 July 2007
2594:
2568:
2542:
2516:
2505:on 8 July 2013
2486:
2444:
2427:news.BBC.co.uk
2405:
2356:
2341:Millau Viaduct
2299:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2219:
2205:
2191:
2177:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2128:
2103:
2086:
2077:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2029:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1931:
1922:(111,000
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1887:of the roadway
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1814:
1811:
1799:traffic volume
1759:
1756:
1691:accelerometers
1667:
1664:
1644:
1641:
1612:
1609:
1584:
1581:
1548:
1545:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1371:Grands Causses
1345:holiday season
1296:
1293:
1289:Arkansas River
1261:
1260:
1253:Italia Viaduct
1237:
1234:
1218:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1109:
1106:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1047:
1044:
1026:(166,000
1001:
998:
893:Gustave Eiffel
889:Eiffel company
863:
862:
843:
836:
821:
818:
790:
787:
751:
748:
727:
724:
704:
703:
696:
685:
684:
671:Intermediate (
669:
654:
631:
583:
580:
516:
513:
400:Millau Viaduct
394:
393:
390:
389:
385:
384:
378:
374:
373:
369:
368:
355:
351:
350:
347:
343:
342:
334:
330:
329:
316:
312:
311:
306:
304:Constructed by
300:
299:
293:
289:
288:
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
272:
266:
265:
258:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
209:
205:
204:
191:Multiple-span
189:
185:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
160:
156:
155:
138:
134:
133:
121:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
73:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
39:
36:Millau Viaduct
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4566:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4438:Nuclear power
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:Humber Bridge
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Public policy
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Public sector
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Appropriation
4032:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:State schools
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:Public spaces
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3748:Oil platforms
3745:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3702:Jinping-I Dam
3700:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3671:Russky Bridge
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3620:WITI TV Tower
3618:
3616:
3615:WHDH-TV tower
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Tokyo Skytree
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:N Seoul Tower
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Kyiv TV Tower
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Baku TV Tower
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3269:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3088:
3075:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3020:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2989:Atlas Obscura
2986:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2828:. 28 May 2004
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:Saint-Germain
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:(in French).
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2433:. 29 May 2004
2432:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2174:France portal
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2052:postage stamp
2049:
2046:
2045:hard shoulder
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1985:
1978:
1968:
1962:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:A75 autoroute
1765:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1730:average speed
1728:of vehicles,
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:extensometers
1703:
1698:
1696:
1695:inclinometers
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:galvanisation
1622:
1618:
1610:
1608:
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878:Norman Foster
874:
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826:
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723:
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697:
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690:
678:
674:
670:
663:
659:
655:
652:
648:
647:Cernon valley
640:
636:
632:
629:
625:
620:
612:
608:
604:
603:
602:
597:
593:
592:A75 autoroute
588:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
568:Norman Foster
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
514:
512:
510:
506:
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493:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:A71 autoroute
472:
467:
465:
461:
460:Norman Foster
457:
453:
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437:
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429:
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186:
181:
178:
175:
173:Maintained by
171:
168:
166:
161:
159:Official name
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:of the river
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
114:A75 autoroute
111:
107:
102:
74:
72:
68:
61:
56:
50:
43:
33:
30:
19:
4448:Panama Canal
4432:
4327:Architecture
4294:Urban sprawl
4269:Smart growth
4204:Ethanol fuel
4144:Supply chain
4104:Property tax
4049:Design–build
3973:Public works
3652:
3625:WSB-TV tower
3540:Sydney Tower
3400:Eiffel Tower
3395:Dragon Tower
3380:Canton Tower
3360:Aspire Tower
3355:Almaty Tower
3337:
3287:
3271:(in English)
3223:. Retrieved
3214:
3202:
3190:. Retrieved
3186:
3174:
3166:the original
3162:lazarevic.fr
3161:
3152:
3144:the original
3139:
3105:
3090:
3078:. Retrieved
3073:
3061:
3039:(1): 41–52.
3036:
3032:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
2988:
2979:
2961:
2950:
2932:
2924:
2921:the original
2916:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2891:the original
2887:Vigie.awt.be
2886:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2860:the original
2851:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2817:
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2792:the original
2786:(in Dutch).
2783:
2774:
2766:
2747:. Retrieved
2742:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2705:
2662:
2658:
2649:
2636:
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:the original
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2557:. 8 May 2014
2554:
2545:
2533:. Retrieved
2528:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:the original
2498:
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2470:
2435:. Retrieved
2426:
2396:. Retrieved
2389:
2344:
2216:Roads portal
2153:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2125:Ferrari F430
2121:Pagani Zonda
2106:
2093:
2080:
2019:Causse Rouge
1994:
1920:cubic metres
1879:(8,070
1857:€4.8 million
1850:€5.8 million
1847:
1838:
1832:
1796:
1774:, using the
1761:
1734:
1717:oscillations
1699:
1680:
1676:fibre optics
1669:
1646:
1643:Road surface
1634:
1629:polyethylene
1614:
1586:
1550:
1534:
1462:
1449:on the right
1421:
1375:
1360:Causse Rouge
1323:
1309:
1262:
1245:EuropabrĂĽcke
1211:
1137:
1134:
1111:
1098:
1094:
1083:Construction
1049:
1024:cubic metres
1021:
1006:€394 million
1003:
991:
960:
956:prestressing
945:
903:
882:
875:
864:
807:
803:Eiffel Tower
776:
761:Bernard Pons
757:
753:
737:
712:
705:
686:
628:La Cavalerie
615:yellow route
600:
556:cable-stayed
553:
518:
468:
399:
397:
246:Longest span
222:Total length
193:cable-stayed
162:
29:
4468:Solar power
4244:Pork barrel
4219:Groundwater
4119:Public good
4089:Lindahl tax
4064:Externality
4003:Town square
3933:Lighthouses
3575:Tokyo Tower
3535:Strat Tower
3475:Milad Tower
3470:Macau Tower
3465:Lotus Tower
3279:(in French)
3263:(in French)
3215:TopGear.com
3192:15 November
3095:(in French)
2897:15 November
2866:15 November
2852:Greisch.com
2818:Enerpac.com
2749:15 November
2745:(in French)
2669:Engayresque
2617:27 December
2092:video game
2033:speed limit
2022: [
1948:€8.30–10.40
1807:€20 million
1702:fibre optic
1687:Anemometers
1656: [
1611:Cable stays
1569:metric tons
1428:toll bridge
1363: [
1325:département
952:Vinci Group
925: [
908:), and the
905:département
789:Contractors
708:water table
643:black route
639:grand Ouest
501:424 million
494:394 million
487:Montpellier
446:Region, in
354:Inaugurated
340:394 million
279:Design life
96: /
71:Coordinates
4498:Categories
4463:Suez Canal
4418:Hoover Dam
4274:Stormwater
4264:Smart grid
4134:Renovation
4069:Fixed cost
4018:Wind power
3871:facilities
3792:Gullfaks C
3768:Bullwinkle
3595:TVRI Tower
3545:Taipei 101
3440:KCTV Tower
3410:Europaturm
3289:Structurae
3080:17 October
2798:17 October
2788:ARCADIS NV
2784:ARCADIS.nl
2346:Structurae
2295:References
2100:James Bond
1939:short tons
1924:cu yd
1870:Statistics
1863:€1 million
1792:short tons
1766:is on the
1764:toll plaza
1758:Toll plaza
1752:toll plaza
1713:micrometre
1637:Freyssinet
1605:short tons
1591:(285
1573:short tons
1557:short tons
1046:Opposition
1040:short tons
1028:cu yd
1013:20 million
985:(140
977:, also an
948:Freyssinet
895:built the
681:blue route
656:Near RN9 (
547:and eight
545:architects
541:government
477:axis from
458:architect
372:Statistics
364:2004-12-14
325:2001-10-16
84:03°01′20″E
81:44°04′46″N
4249:Recycling
4139:Spillover
3923:Hospitals
3888:Broadband
3770:(529.1 m)
3764:(579.7 m)
3756:Petronius
3739:(346.5 m)
3708:Nurek Dam
3530:Sky Tower
3187:ecole.org
3053:1226-6116
3012:19 August
2710:issuu.com
2693:Creissels
2673:Lasparets
2607:iabse.org
2135:Top Gear,
2039:(81
1937:(320,000
1926:): total
1883:): total
1835:rest area
1788:long tons
1780:voussoirs
1639:company.
1621:corrosion
1601:long tons
1547:Road deck
1537:abutments
1467:(49
1454:Structure
1401:Languedoc
1381:autoroute
1349:limestone
1320:Creissels
1305:Creissels
1227:Verrières
1108:Launching
1034:, 19,000
849:, Nesco,
666:red route
611:grand Est
507:from the
444:Occitanie
282:120 years
145:Creissels
4378:Autobahn
4366:Examples
4320:of study
4309:Wireless
4214:Fuel tax
4149:Taxation
4027:Concepts
3878:Airports
3390:CN Tower
2971:Archived
2942:Archived
2832:20 April
2681:Aguessac
2641:BBC News
2475:. Millau
2431:BBC News
2160:See also
2113:Series 7
2108:Top Gear
2098:, where
1933:290,000
1803:car park
1790:; 2,800
1772:concrete
1744:computer
1737:Ethernet
1555:(40,000
1395:through
1358:and the
1352:plateaus
1312:communes
1295:Location
1251:and the
1143:Timeline
1038:(21,000
1032:concrete
825:Dragados
388:Location
292:Designer
257:of spans
212:Concrete
208:Material
199:motorway
4154:Upgrade
4054:Earmark
3883:Bridges
3794:(380 m)
3782:(472 m)
3776:(477 m)
3774:Pompano
3758:(640 m)
3733:(370 m)
3727:(380 m)
3710:(300 m)
3704:(305 m)
3698:(312 m)
3679:(306 m)
3673:(321 m)
3667:(322 m)
3661:(334 m)
3655:(343 m)
3645:Bridges
3338:Italics
3211:(video)
2917:RTBF.be
2856:Greisch
2822:Enerpac
2689:Aveyron
2535:7 March
2509:14 June
2117:Ford GT
1918:85,000
1843:Aveyron
1786:(2,500
1746:in the
1740:network
1700:Twelve
1649:bitumen
1577:airfoil
1424:Eiffage
1399:to the
1389:BĂ©ziers
1330:Aveyron
1249:Austria
1054:(WWF),
1017:Eiffage
975:Belgium
967:Greisch
963:Walloon
937:Forclum
910:Enerpac
885:Eiffage
870:Lafarge
851:Acciona
829:Skanska
827:, with
815:Eiffage
799:Viaduct
765:viaduct
740:viaduct
677:médiane
619:Dourbie
594:around
576:Eiffage
572:Arcadis
560:SODETEG
523:in the
515:History
483:BĂ©ziers
456:English
440:Aveyron
438:in the
430:of the
362: (
323: (
287:History
196:viaduct
149:Aveyron
120:Crosses
109:Carries
4318:Fields
4163:Issues
3988:Sewage
3928:Levees
3893:Canals
3866:Assets
3788:(512m)
3347:Towers
3051:
2685:Millau
2587:2 July
2561:2 July
2123:, and
1935:tonnes
1928:volume
1895:height
1885:length
1877:metres
1875:2,460
1784:tonnes
1726:weight
1709:stress
1603:; 770
1597:tonnes
1589:metres
1565:welded
1553:tonnes
1465:metres
1447:Millau
1436:€10.40
1430:costs
1409:France
1356:Larzac
1316:Millau
1217:2004).
1036:tonnes
901:Cantal
853:, and
847:Cintra
833:Sweden
783:pylons
700:Larzac
673:French
658:French
635:French
624:Larzac
607:French
596:Millau
521:Millau
436:Millau
428:valley
404:French
346:Opened
238:Height
202:bridge
188:Design
153:France
141:Millau
137:Locale
127:valley
49:French
45:
4167:ideas
3983:Roads
3948:Ports
3943:Parks
3225:2 May
3183:(PDF)
3136:(PDF)
3114:(PDF)
3070:(PDF)
2683:et Ă
2479:2 May
2437:2 May
2398:2 May
2026:]
1742:to a
1660:]
1617:steel
1599:(690
1583:Masts
1561:spans
1432:€8.30
1417:tolls
1413:Spain
1405:Spain
1393:Paris
1367:]
1257:Italy
1223:Tulle
1073:shale
1030:) of
971:Liège
969:from
929:]
914:Setec
866:Piers
859:Spain
744:SĂ©tra
716:Dutch
702:side.
651:Peyre
533:Spain
529:Paris
479:Paris
425:gorge
382:€8.30
380:from
230:Width
216:steel
124:Gorge
3903:Dams
3786:BBLT
3688:Dams
3227:2017
3194:2010
3082:2015
3049:ISSN
3014:2018
2899:2010
2868:2010
2834:2017
2800:2015
2751:2010
2619:2008
2589:2016
2563:2016
2537:2013
2511:2013
2481:2017
2439:2017
2400:2017
2031:The
1833:The
1762:The
1670:The
1571:(99
1535:The
1422:The
1411:and
1334:Tarn
1318:and
1275:and
1241:Tarn
1225:and
994:PERI
918:SNCF
570:and
537:CETE
525:Tarn
499:US$
485:and
454:and
432:Tarn
412:IPA:
398:The
377:Toll
131:Tarn
4165:and
3869:and
3286:at
3041:doi
2695:et
2671:et
2343:at
2041:mph
1794:).
1498:P7
1387:to
1378:A75
1328:of
1314:of
1255:in
1247:in
987:mph
664:) (
641:) (
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481:to
471:A75
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