548:. The intensity distribution within a progression is governed by the difference in the equilibrium bond lengths of the initial electronic ground state and the final electronic excited state of the molecule. In accordance with the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, where electronic motion is near instantaneous compared to nuclear motion, transitions between vibrational levels happen with essentially no change in nuclear coordinates between the ground and excited electronic states. These nuclear coordinates are referred to as classical "turning points", where the equilibrium bond lengths of the initial and final electronic states are equal. These transitions can be represented as vertical lines between the various vibrational levels within electronic states on an energy level diagram.
578:. In this case, the emission spectrum is identical to the absorbance spectrum. Resonance fluorescence, however, is not very common and is mainly observed in small molecules (such as diatomics) in the gas phase. This lack of prevalence is due to short radiative lifetimes of the excited state, during which energy can be lost. Emission from the ground vibrational level of the excited state after vibrational relaxation is much more prevalent, referred to as relaxed fluorescence. Emission peaks for a molecule exhibiting relaxed fluorescence are found at longer wavelengths than the corresponding absorption spectra, with the difference being the
1157:
799:. (For B also, a double prime indicates the ground state and a single prime an electronically excited state.) The values of the rotational constants may differ appreciably because the bond length in the electronic excited state may be quite different from the bond length in the ground state, because of the operation of the Franck-Condon principle. The rotational constant is inversely proportional to the square of the bond length. Usually
563:, where energy is lost non-radiatively from the FranckāCondon state (the vibrational state achieved after a vertical transition) to surroundings or to internal processes. The molecules can settle in the ground vibrational level of the excited electronic state, where they can continue to decay to various vibrational levels in the ground electronic state, before ultimately returning to the lowest vibrational level of the ground state.
1460:
211:
3616:
2078:
2205:
195:
2249:
567:
3628:
833:
191:. With emission, the molecule can start in various populated vibrational states, and finishes in the electronic ground state in one of many populated vibrational levels. The emission spectrum is more complicated than the absorption spectrum of the same molecule because there are more changes in vibrational energy level.
540:
into a continuum of states. The second formula is adequate for small values of the vibrational quantum number. For higher values further anharmonicity terms are needed as the molecule approaches the dissociation limit, at the energy corresponding to the upper (final state) potential curve at infinite
2107:
The analysis of vibronic spectra of diatomic molecules provides information concerning both the ground electronic state and the excited electronic state. Data for the ground state can also be obtained by vibrational or pure rotational spectroscopy, but data for the excited state can only be obtained
551:
It is generally true that the greater the changes to the bond length of a molecule upon excitation, the greater the contribution of vibrational states to a progression. The width of this progression itself is dependent on the range of transition energies available for internuclear distances close to
1651:
515:
2346:
the observed electronic spectrum is entirely vibronic. At the temperature of liquid helium, 4 K, the vibronic structure was completely resolved, with zero intensity for the purely electronic transition, and three side-lines corresponding to the asymmetric UāCl stretching vibration and two
781:
172:
Each electronic transition may show vibrational coarse structure, and for molecules in the gas phase, rotational fine structure. This is true even when the molecule has a zero dipole moment and therefore has no vibration-rotation infrared spectrum or pure rotational microwave spectrum.
2069:, so that the two states have equal energy at some internuclear distance. This allows the possibility of a radiationless transition to the repulsive state whose energy levels form a continuum, so that there is blurring of the particular vibrational band in the vibrational progression.
1761:
increases the wavenumbers at first lie increasingly on the high wavenumber side of the band origin but then start to decrease, eventually lying on the low wavenumber side. The
Fortrat diagram illustrates this effect. In the rigid rotor approximation the line wavenumbers lie on a
872:
202:(blue) and harmonic oscillator potential (green). The potential at infinite internuclear distance is the dissociation energy for pure vibrational spectra. For vibronic spectra there are two potential curves (see Figure at right), and the dissociation limit is the
552:
the turning points of the initial vibration state. As the "well" of the potential energy curve of the final electronic state grows steeper, there are more final vibrational states available for transitions, and thus more energy levels to yield a wider spectrum.
2035:
1175:
585:
Vibronic spectra of diatomic molecules in the gas phase have been analyzed in detail. Vibrational coarse structure can sometimes be observed in the spectra of molecules in liquid or solid phases and of molecules in solution. Related phenomena including
353:
369:
247:. There are no selection rules for vibrational quantum numbers, which are zero in the ground vibrational level of the initial electronic ground state, but can take any integer values in the final electronic excited state. The term values
2287:(LMCT) in much of the visible region. This band shows a progression in the symmetric MnāO stretching vibration. The individual lines overlap each other extensively, giving rise to a broad overall profile with some coarse structure.
2232:
involves excitation of an electron from a non-bonding orbital to an antibonding pi orbital which weakens and lengthens the CāO bond. This produces a long progression in the CāO stretching vibration. Another example is furnished by
144:
applies. The overall molecular energy depends not only on the electronic state but also on vibrational and rotational quantum numbers, denoted v and J respectively for diatomic molecules. It is conventional to add a double prime
2212:
For polyatomic molecules, progressions are most often observed when the change in bond lengths upon electronic excitation coincides with the change due to a ā³totally symmetricā³ vibration. This is the same process that occurs in
127:
regions, in the wavelength range approximately 200ā700 nm (50,000ā14,000 cm), whereas fundamental vibrations are observed below about 4000 cm. When the electronic and vibrational energy changes are so different,
183:
because at ordinary temperatures the energy necessary for vibrational excitation is large compared to the average thermal energy. The molecule is excited to another electronic state and to many possible vibrational states
2440:
In a ā³totally symmetricā³ vibration the lengths of all symmetrically-equivalent bonds vary in phase with each other. The symmetry of the molecule is the same in the vibrational excited state as in the vibrational ground
2060:
The phenomenon of predissociation occurs when an electronic transition results in dissociation of the molecule at an excitation energy less than the normal dissociation limit of the upper state. This can occur when the
1845:
2190:
1740:
1467:
1180:
877:
858:
transitions and differs principally in the fact that the ground and excited states correspond to two different electronic states as well as to two different vibrational levels. For the P-branch
176:
It is necessary to distinguish between absorption and emission spectra. With absorption the molecule starts in the ground electronic state, and usually also in the vibrational ground state
818:, causing bond lengthening. But this is not always the case; if an electron is promoted from a non-bonding or antibonding orbital to a bonding orbital, there will be bond-shortening and
614:. For some electronic transitions there will also be a Q-branch. The transition energies, expressed in wavenumbers, of the lines for a particular vibronic transition are given, in the
265:
3447:
1152:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\bar {\nu }}_{P}&={\bar {\nu }}_{v'-v''}+B'(J''-1)J''-B''J''(J''+1)\\&={\bar {\nu }}_{v'-v''}-(B'+B'')J''+(B'-B''){J''}^{2}\end{aligned}}}
2405:
1898:
1455:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\bar {\nu }}_{R}&={\bar {\nu }}_{v'-v''}+B'J'(J'+1)-B''J'(J'-1)\\&={\bar {\nu }}_{v'-v''}+(B'+B'')J'+(B'-B''){J'}^{2}\end{aligned}}}
3120:
2102:
102:
3338:
625:
3271:
3216:
3185:
3180:
510:{\displaystyle G(v)={\bar {\nu }}_{\text{electronic}}+\omega _{e}\left(v+{\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)-\omega _{e}\chi _{e}\left(v+{\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}\,}
3553:
3371:
3233:
2469:
3502:
3321:
3165:
3442:
3244:
3145:
2108:
from the analysis of vibronic spectra. For example, the bond length in the excited state may be derived from the value of the rotational constant
610:
The vibronic spectra of diatomic molecules in the gas phase also show rotational fine structure. Each line in a vibrational progression will show
536:
decreases with increasing quantum number because of anharmonicity in the vibration. Eventually the separation decreases to zero when the molecule
850:, showing displacement of rotational lines from the vibrational line position (at 0 cm). Centrifugal distortion is ignored in this diagram.
3388:
3366:
3113:
3454:
3376:
2347:
asymmetric ClāUāCl bending modes. Later studies on the same anion were also able to account for vibronic transitions involving low-frequency
3206:
124:
27:
3311:
3256:
855:
611:
114:
2895:
Pollack, S. A. (1963). "Application of SpaceāGroup Theory to the
Vibrational Problem of diāTetramethyl Ammonium Uranium Hexachloride".
141:
3538:
3290:
3106:
3031:
2993:
2974:
2502:
1769:
3543:
3361:
2135:
3558:
3528:
3459:
3393:
2226:
2112:ā². In addition to stable diatomic molecules, vibronic spectroscopy has been used to study unstable species, including CH, NH,
3487:
3278:
3175:
3088:
3069:
3050:
3012:
2950:
2431:
When centrifugal distortion is included the R-branch lines below the vibrational origin do not coincide with P-branch lines
3285:
3190:
2245:. In both gas and liquid phase the band around 250 nm shows a progression in the symmetric ring-breathing vibration.
1464:
Thus, the wavenumbers of transitions in both P- and R-branches are given, to a first approximation, by the single formula
560:
3419:
3266:
3155:
2214:
591:
3575:
545:
215:
66:
3414:
3383:
3316:
259:
140:
of a vibronic level can be taken as the sum of the electronic and vibrational (and rotational) energies; that is, the
1876:
When a Q-branch is allowed for a particular electronic transition, the lines of the Q-branch correspond to the case
555:
Emission spectra are complicated due to the variety of processes through which electronically excited molecules can
3565:
3507:
3356:
3228:
587:
35:
3591:
3570:
3333:
3211:
2774:"Vibronic Structure of the Permanganate Absorption Spectrum from Time-Dependent Density Functional Calculations"
2062:
574:
If emission occurs before vibrational relaxation can occur, then the resulting fluorescence is referred to as
3632:
1690:
3464:
3160:
1646:{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{P,R}={\bar {\nu }}_{v',v''}+(B'+B'')m+(B'-B'')m^{2},\quad m=\pm 1,\pm 2\ etc.}
788:
619:
118:
47:
3251:
2253:
575:
236:
For absorption spectra, the vibrational coarse structure for a given electronic transition forms a single
3654:
3620:
3492:
3137:
2315:
2369:
2904:
2867:
2788:
2724:
2669:
2322:. The spectra of many of these complexes have some vibronic character. The same rule also applies to
2284:
2037:
The Q-branch then consists of a series of lines with increasing separation between adjacent lines as
556:
3548:
3261:
3170:
2260:
2086:
815:
31:
854:
The treatment of rotational fine structure of vibronic transitions is similar to the treatment of
348:{\displaystyle G(v)={\bar {\nu }}_{\text{electronic}}+\omega _{e}\left(v+{\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)\,}
3596:
3533:
3512:
3328:
3306:
3239:
3150:
2812:
2715:
Clouthier, D. J.; Ramsay, D. A. (1983). "The
Spectroscopy of Formaldehyde and Thioformaldehyde".
94:
82:
78:
62:
2942:
3497:
3424:
3398:
3084:
3065:
3046:
3027:
3008:
2989:
2970:
2946:
2804:
2697:
2498:
2420:
2348:
537:
129:
98:
54:
2934:
2912:
2875:
2796:
2732:
2687:
2677:
2319:
2293:
2113:
58:
2412:
2066:
811:
529:
2030:{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{Q}={\bar {\nu }}_{v',v''}+(B'-B'')J(J+1)\quad J=1,2,\dots }
2908:
2871:
2792:
2736:
2728:
2673:
2461:
2692:
2657:
2304:
2077:
796:
2248:
2124:
in hydrocarbon flame spectra are a progression in the CāC stretching vibration of the
210:
3648:
2935:
2773:
2117:
533:
525:
133:
74:
3129:
2816:
2308:
2264:
2218:
1858:
1683:). The wavenumbers of the lines in the P-branch, on the low wavenumber side of the
599:
595:
579:
366:
is the harmonic wavenumber. In the next approximation the term values are given by
137:
23:
602:
are not discussed in this article, though they also involve vibronic transitions.
2963:
2290:
Progressions in vibrations which are not totally symmetric may also be observed.
615:
70:
2658:"The Rotational Structure of the Ultra-Violet Absorption Bands of Formaldehyde"
2331:
2312:
2204:
832:
194:
2192:
electronic transition. Vibronic bands for 9 other electronic transitions of C
2121:
2090:
566:
559:
return to lower energy states. There is a tendency for molecules to undergo
43:
2808:
2749:
Hollas shows the vibration on p. 140 (Fig.6.13f) and the spectrum on p. 245
2701:
2682:
2335:
2125:
2052:
the Q-branch lies to lower wavenumbers relative to the vibrational line.
1763:
776:{\displaystyle G(J',J'')={\bar {\nu }}_{v'-v''}+B'J'(J'+1)-B''J''(J''+1)}
86:
2628:
Banwell and McCash, p. 174 illustrates a spectrum with pre-dissociation.
2339:
2234:
2916:
2880:
2855:
2800:
570:
Image of fluorimeter used to obtain emission spectra, courtesy of NYU.
16:
Study of simultaneous change in atoms' electronic and vibration energy
2082:
240:, or series of transitions with a common level, here the lower level
39:
3095:
Chapter 4: Fundamentals of
Fluorescence and Fluorescence Microscopy
65:. The intensity of allowed vibronic transitions is governed by the
2841:
An
Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry. Ligand field theory
2203:
2076:
565:
193:
544:
The intensity of allowed vibronic transitions is governed by the
26:
concerned with vibronic transitions: the simultaneous changes in
3026:. Vol. 3 (3rd ed.). Chapman and Hall. pp. 50ā84.
3102:
3098:
1849:
The line of highest wavenumber in the R-branch is known as the
2279:, in aqueous solution has an intense purple colour due to an
157:
for levels of the electronic ground state and a single prime
2196:
have been observed in the infrared and ultraviolet regions.
528:
constant. This is, in effect, a better approximation to the
3083:. Vol. 114 (4th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 69ā97.
2854:
Satten, Robert A.; Young, Donald; Gruen, Dieter M. (1960).
2338:. In the case of the octahedral actinide chloro-complex of
2185:{\displaystyle d^{3}\Pi _{u}\Leftrightarrow a^{3}\Pi _{g}}
532:
near the potential minimum. The spacing between adjacent
69:. Vibronic spectroscopy may provide information, such as
484:
432:
328:
2372:
2138:
1901:
1772:
1693:
1470:
1178:
875:
628:
372:
268:
123:
Electronic transitions are typically observed in the
46:, vibronic transitions are accompanied by changes in
34:
energy levels of a molecule due to the absorption or
3584:
3521:
3480:
3473:
3435:
3407:
3349:
3299:
3199:
3136:
2856:"Preliminary Analysis of U Ion Spectra in Crystals"
2962:
2941:(8th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.
2772:Neugebauer, Johannes; Baerends, Evert Jan (2005).
2399:
2184:
2029:
1839:
1734:
1672:) and negative values refer to the P-branch (with
1645:
1454:
1151:
775:
509:
347:
2495:Flame Spectroscopy : Atlas of Spectral Lines
2307:environment are electric-dipole forbidden by the
2103:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
810:as is true when an electron is promoted from a
2252:Absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of
1840:{\displaystyle x=-{\frac {B'+B''}{2(B'-B'')}}}
3114:
3060:McQuarrie, Donald A.; Simon, John D. (1997).
3045:(2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 259ā263.
2961:Banwell, Colin N.; McCash, Elaine M. (1994).
2762:(2nd ed., Pearson Prentice-Hall 2005), p. 612
8:
3186:Vibrational spectroscopy of linear molecules
2330:transitions in centrosymmetric complexes of
3079:Wolf, David E.; Sluder, Greenfield (2013).
2479:
2477:
2065:of the upper state crosses the curve for a
1746:. In the R-branch, for the usual case that
81:. It has also been applied to the study of
3477:
3181:Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy
3121:
3107:
3099:
3064:(1st ed.). University Science Books.
2656:Dieke, G. H.; Kistiakowsky, G. B. (1934).
3554:Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy
3234:Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization
2879:
2691:
2681:
2463:Molecular spectra and molecular structure
2386:
2385:
2371:
2176:
2166:
2153:
2143:
2137:
1937:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1782:
1771:
1707:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1597:
1512:
1501:
1500:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1442:
1432:
1345:
1334:
1333:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1196:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1139:
1129:
1042:
1031:
1030:
919:
908:
907:
893:
882:
881:
876:
874:
673:
662:
661:
627:
506:
500:
483:
465:
455:
431:
414:
401:
390:
389:
371:
344:
327:
310:
297:
286:
285:
267:
3322:Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
3062:Physical chemistry: a molecular Approach
2247:
831:
209:
2597:
2595:
2452:
2359:
1735:{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{v',v''},}
2965:Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy
214:Energy level diagram illustrating the
132:(mixing of electronic and vibrational
3022:Straughan, B. P.; Walker, S. (1976).
359:is a vibrational quantum number, and
7:
3627:
2933:Atkins, P. W.; de Paula, J. (2006).
2843:(2nd ed.). Methuen. p. 94.
2737:10.1146/annurev.pc.34.100183.000335
2717:Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
2366:Energy is related to wavenumber by
1657:values refer to the R-branch (with
169:for electronically excited states.
115:Rotational-vibrational spectroscopy
2957:Chapter: Molecular Spectroscopy 2.
2758:Housecroft C. E. and Sharpe A. G.
2173:
2150:
2081:Spectrum of the blue flame from a
206:state energy at infinite distance.
42:of the appropriate energy. In the
14:
3539:Deep-level transient spectroscopy
3291:Saturated absorption spectroscopy
2400:{\displaystyle E=hc{\bar {\nu }}}
618:approximation, that is, ignoring
3626:
3615:
3614:
3544:Dual-polarization interferometry
2085:torch showing excited molecular
3559:Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
3534:Circular dichroism spectroscopy
3529:Acoustic resonance spectroscopy
2005:
1606:
3488:Fourier-transform spectroscopy
3176:Vibrational circular dichroism
2984:Gaydon, Alfred Gordon (1974).
2466:(2nd. ed.). Van Nostrand.
2391:
2159:
2002:
1990:
1984:
1962:
1931:
1909:
1831:
1809:
1701:
1590:
1568:
1559:
1537:
1506:
1478:
1428:
1406:
1392:
1370:
1339:
1319:
1302:
1280:
1263:
1216:
1190:
1125:
1103:
1089:
1067:
1036:
1016:
999:
969:
952:
913:
887:
770:
753:
731:
714:
667:
654:
632:
395:
382:
376:
291:
278:
272:
142:BornāOppenheimer approximation
57:have been analysed in detail;
1:
3286:Cavity ring-down spectroscopy
3191:Thermal infrared spectroscopy
2969:(4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
2200:Polyatomic molecules and ions
1895:and wavenumbers are given by
836:Fortrat diagram created with
561:vibrational energy relaxation
3420:Inelastic neutron scattering
2988:. London: Chapman and Hall.
2215:resonance Raman spectroscopy
1853:. It occurs at the value of
592:resonance Raman spectroscopy
3481:Data collection, processing
3357:Photoelectron/photoemission
2610:Straughan and Walker, p. 74
2526:Banwell and McCash, p. 163.
2517:Banwell and McCash, p. 162.
1161:Similarly for the R-branch
136:) can be neglected and the
3671:
3566:Photoacoustic spectroscopy
3508:Time-resolved spectroscopy
3041:McHale, Jeanne L. (2017).
2986:The spectroscopy of flames
2637:Banwell and McCash, p. 176
2601:Banwell and McCash, p. 171
2468:Available for download at
2460:Herzberg, Gerhard (1950).
2100:
588:photoelectron spectroscopy
112:
61:are more complicated than
3610:
3592:Astronomical spectroscopy
3571:Photothermal spectroscopy
22:is a branch of molecular
3576:Pumpāprobe spectroscopy
3465:Ferromagnetic resonance
3257:Laser-induced breakdown
3007:(3rd ed.). Wiley.
2493:Parsons, M. L. (1971).
1766:which has a maximum at
546:FranckāCondon principle
541:internuclear distance.
216:FranckāCondon principle
125:visible and ultraviolet
119:Rotational spectroscopy
67:FranckāCondon principle
3272:Glow-discharge optical
3252:Raman optical activity
3166:Rotationalāvibrational
3043:Molecular Spectroscopy
3003:Hollas, M. J. (1996).
2401:
2316:coordination compounds
2301:electronic transitions
2256:
2254:potassium permanganate
2209:
2186:
2098:
2063:potential energy curve
2031:
1857:which is equal to the
1841:
1736:
1647:
1456:
1153:
851:
777:
620:centrifugal distortion
576:resonance fluorescence
571:
511:
349:
233:
218:. Transitions between
207:
3493:Hyperspectral imaging
2839:Orgel, L. E. (1966).
2683:10.1073/pnas.18.5.367
2662:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
2402:
2311:. This will apply to
2251:
2207:
2187:
2080:
2032:
1842:
1737:
1648:
1457:
1154:
835:
778:
569:
512:
350:
213:
197:
20:Vibronic spectroscopy
3245:Coherent anti-Stokes
3200:UVāVisāNIR "Optical"
2370:
2285:charge transfer band
2136:
1899:
1770:
1691:
1468:
1176:
873:
789:rotational constants
626:
370:
266:
103:astronomical objects
53:Vibronic spectra of
3549:Hadron spectroscopy
3339:Conversion electron
3300:X-ray and Gamma ray
3207:Ultravioletāvisible
3005:Modern Spectroscopy
2909:1963JChPh..38...98P
2872:1960JChPh..33.1140S
2793:2005JPCA..109.1168N
2760:Inorganic Chemistry
2729:1983ARPC...34...31C
2674:1932PNAS...18..367D
2589:Hollas, pp. 210ā228
2261:inorganic chemistry
2259:As an example from
816:antibonding orbital
260:harmonic oscillator
3597:Force spectroscopy
3522:Measured phenomena
3513:Video spectroscopy
3217:Cold vapour atomic
3081:Digital Microscopy
2937:Physical Chemistry
2397:
2349:lattice vibrations
2257:
2217:. For example, in
2210:
2182:
2099:
2089:band emission and
2027:
1837:
1732:
1643:
1452:
1450:
1149:
1147:
856:rotation-vibration
852:
773:
606:Diatomic molecules
572:
507:
493:
441:
345:
337:
234:
208:
189:= 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
85:molecules such as
63:absorption spectra
55:diatomic molecules
3642:
3641:
3606:
3605:
3498:Spectrophotometry
3425:Neutron spin echo
3399:Beta spectroscopy
3312:Energy-dispersive
2917:10.1063/1.1733502
2881:10.1063/1.1731348
2801:10.1021/jp0456990
2562:McQuarrie, p. 592
2421:velocity of light
2394:
2320:transition metals
1934:
1912:
1835:
1704:
1630:
1509:
1481:
1342:
1219:
1193:
1039:
916:
890:
670:
612:P- and R-branches
582:of the molecule.
538:photo-dissociates
534:vibrational lines
492:
440:
404:
398:
336:
300:
294:
130:vibronic coupling
3662:
3630:
3629:
3618:
3617:
3478:
3389:phenomenological
3138:Vibrational (IR)
3123:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3094:
3075:
3056:
3037:
3018:
2999:
2980:
2968:
2956:
2940:
2921:
2920:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2866:(4): 1160ā1171.
2851:
2845:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2787:(6): 1168ā1179.
2778:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2685:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2472:
2467:
2457:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2364:
2283:ligand-to-metal
2282:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2229:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2114:hydroxyl radical
2051:
2041:increases. When
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
1983:
1972:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1894:
1883:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1819:
1804:
1803:
1792:
1783:
1760:
1756:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1682:
1671:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1628:
1602:
1601:
1589:
1578:
1558:
1547:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1495:
1494:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1427:
1416:
1402:
1391:
1380:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1325:
1312:
1301:
1293:
1273:
1262:
1254:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1171:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1124:
1113:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1022:
1009:
998:
990:
979:
962:
951:
940:
939:
938:
927:
918:
917:
909:
898:
897:
892:
891:
883:
868:
849:
842:
828:
809:
794:
786:
782:
780:
779:
774:
763:
752:
744:
724:
713:
705:
694:
693:
692:
681:
672:
671:
663:
653:
642:
523:
516:
514:
513:
508:
505:
504:
499:
495:
494:
485:
470:
469:
460:
459:
447:
443:
442:
433:
419:
418:
406:
405:
402:
400:
399:
391:
365:
358:
354:
352:
351:
346:
343:
339:
338:
329:
315:
314:
302:
301:
298:
296:
295:
287:
257:
246:
231:
224:
190:
182:
168:
156:
79:stable molecules
73:, on electronic
59:emission spectra
3670:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3602:
3580:
3517:
3469:
3431:
3403:
3345:
3295:
3195:
3156:Resonance Raman
3132:
3127:
3091:
3078:
3072:
3059:
3053:
3040:
3034:
3021:
3015:
3002:
2996:
2983:
2977:
2960:
2953:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2829:Hollas, p. 245.
2828:
2824:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2646:Gaydon, p. 259.
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:Hollas, p. 172.
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:Hollas, p. 215.
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2483:Hollas, p. 211.
2482:
2475:
2470:community books
2459:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2413:Planck constant
2408:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2345:
2305:centrosymmetric
2280:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2244:
2240:
2227:
2224:
2202:
2195:
2172:
2162:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2105:
2096:
2075:
2067:repulsive state
2058:
2056:Predissociation
2042:
2038:
1976:
1965:
1949:
1938:
1924:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1885:
1877:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1823:
1812:
1805:
1796:
1785:
1784:
1768:
1767:
1758:
1747:
1743:
1719:
1708:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1673:
1658:
1654:
1593:
1582:
1571:
1551:
1540:
1524:
1513:
1499:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1449:
1448:
1433:
1431:
1420:
1409:
1395:
1384:
1373:
1357:
1346:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1305:
1294:
1286:
1266:
1255:
1247:
1234:
1223:
1209:
1202:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1146:
1145:
1130:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1092:
1081:
1070:
1054:
1043:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1002:
991:
983:
972:
955:
944:
931:
920:
906:
899:
880:
871:
870:
859:
844:
837:
819:
812:bonding orbital
800:
797:quantum numbers
795:are rotational
792:
784:
756:
745:
737:
717:
706:
698:
685:
674:
660:
646:
635:
624:
623:
608:
530:Morse potential
522:
518:
476:
472:
471:
461:
451:
424:
420:
410:
388:
368:
367:
364:
360:
356:
320:
316:
306:
284:
264:
263:
248:
241:
226:
219:
200:Morse potential
185:
177:
158:
146:
121:
111:
92:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3668:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3624:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3372:Angle-resolved
3369:
3364:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3076:
3070:
3057:
3051:
3038:
3032:
3019:
3013:
3000:
2994:
2981:
2975:
2958:
2951:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2887:
2846:
2831:
2822:
2764:
2751:
2742:
2707:
2668:(5): 367ā372.
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2553:McHale, p.259
2546:
2537:
2535:Hollas, p. 214
2528:
2519:
2510:
2503:
2485:
2473:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2424:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2343:
2303:in atoms in a
2273:
2242:
2238:
2222:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2129:
2094:
2074:
2071:
2057:
2054:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1742:increase with
1731:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1653:Here positive
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1508:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1341:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1218:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1182:
1181:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1038:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
989:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
968:
965:
961:
958:
954:
950:
947:
943:
937:
934:
930:
926:
923:
915:
912:
905:
902:
900:
896:
889:
886:
879:
878:
772:
769:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
748:
743:
740:
736:
733:
730:
727:
723:
720:
716:
712:
709:
704:
701:
697:
691:
688:
684:
680:
677:
669:
666:
659:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
638:
634:
631:
607:
604:
520:
503:
498:
491:
488:
482:
479:
475:
468:
464:
458:
454:
450:
446:
439:
436:
430:
427:
423:
417:
413:
409:
397:
394:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
362:
342:
335:
332:
326:
323:
319:
313:
309:
305:
293:
290:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
134:wave functions
110:
107:
90:
75:excited states
50:energy also.
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3667:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3635:
3634:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:Near-infrared
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3033:0-412-13390-3
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2995:0-470-29433-7
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2976:0-07-707976-0
2972:
2967:
2966:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2903:(1): 98ā108.
2902:
2898:
2897:J. Chem. Phys
2891:
2888:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:J. Chem. Phys
2857:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2781:J. Phys. Chem
2775:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2504:9780306651564
2500:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2414:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2221:(methanal), H
2220:
2216:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2177:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2144:
2140:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:cyano radical
2115:
2111:
2104:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1906:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1765:
1754:
1750:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1698:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1475:
1462:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1187:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
995:
992:
987:
984:
980:
976:
973:
966:
963:
959:
956:
948:
945:
941:
935:
932:
928:
924:
921:
910:
903:
901:
894:
884:
866:
862:
857:
847:
840:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
813:
807:
803:
798:
790:
767:
764:
760:
757:
749:
746:
741:
738:
734:
728:
725:
721:
718:
710:
707:
702:
699:
695:
689:
686:
682:
678:
675:
664:
657:
650:
647:
643:
639:
636:
629:
621:
617:
613:
605:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
583:
581:
577:
568:
564:
562:
558:
557:spontaneously
553:
549:
547:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:anharmonicity
501:
496:
489:
486:
480:
477:
473:
466:
462:
456:
452:
448:
444:
437:
434:
428:
425:
421:
415:
411:
407:
392:
385:
379:
373:
340:
333:
330:
324:
321:
317:
311:
307:
303:
288:
281:
275:
269:
262:are given by
261:
255:
251:
244:
239:
229:
222:
217:
212:
205:
201:
196:
192:
188:
180:
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
150:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
120:
116:
108:
106:
104:
100:
96:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3655:Spectroscopy
3631:
3619:
3599:(a misnomer)
3585:Applications
3503:Time-stretch
3394:paramagnetic
3223:
3212:Fluorescence
3130:Spectroscopy
3080:
3061:
3042:
3024:Spectroscopy
3023:
3004:
2985:
2964:
2936:
2927:Bibliography
2900:
2896:
2890:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2840:
2834:
2825:
2784:
2780:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2745:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2497:. Springer.
2494:
2488:
2462:
2455:
2436:
2427:
2362:
2327:
2323:
2309:Laporte rule
2298:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2265:permanganate
2258:
2219:formaldehyde
2211:
2208:Formaldehyde
2109:
2106:
2073:Applications
2059:
2047:
2043:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1859:integer part
1850:
1848:
1752:
1748:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1463:
1167:
1163:
1160:
864:
860:
853:
845:
838:
824:
820:
805:
801:
609:
600:fluorescence
596:luminescence
584:
580:Stokes shift
573:
554:
550:
543:
253:
249:
242:
237:
235:
232:are favored.
227:
220:
203:
199:
186:
178:
175:
171:
164:
160:
152:
148:
122:
52:
24:spectroscopy
19:
18:
3171:Vibrational
2580:McHale, p.
2571:Wolf, p. 75
2332:lanthanides
1685:band origin
616:rigid rotor
238:progression
71:bond length
32:vibrational
3377:Two-photon
3279:absorption
3161:Rotational
3090:0124077617
3071:0935702997
3052:1466586583
3014:0471965227
2952:0198700725
2448:References
2313:octahedral
2230:transition
2128:radical, C
2122:Swan bands
2120:, CN. The
2116:, OH, and
2101:See also:
2091:Swan bands
869:, so that
403:electronic
299:electronic
113:See also:
109:Principles
95:discharges
48:rotational
28:electronic
3455:Terahertz
3436:Radiowave
3334:Mƶssbauer
2723:: 31ā58.
2392:¯
2389:ν
2342:(IV), UCl
2336:actinides
2174:Π
2160:⇔
2151:Π
2025:…
1974:−
1932:¯
1929:ν
1910:¯
1907:ν
1851:band head
1821:−
1780:−
1702:¯
1699:ν
1623:±
1614:±
1580:−
1507:¯
1504:ν
1479:¯
1476:ν
1418:−
1355:−
1340:¯
1337:ν
1314:−
1284:−
1232:−
1217:¯
1214:ν
1191:¯
1188:ν
1115:−
1065:−
1052:−
1037:¯
1034:ν
981:−
964:−
929:−
914:¯
911:ν
888:¯
885:ν
735:−
683:−
668:¯
665:ν
463:χ
453:ω
449:−
412:ω
396:¯
393:ν
308:ω
292:¯
289:ν
44:gas phase
3649:Category
3621:Category
3350:Electron
3317:Emission
3267:emission
3224:Vibronic
2809:16833427
2702:16587697
2407:, where
2225:CO, the
2132:for the
2126:dicarbon
2093:due to C
1981:″
1970:′
1954:″
1943:′
1865:, or of
1828:″
1817:′
1801:″
1790:′
1764:parabola
1724:″
1713:′
1587:″
1576:′
1556:″
1545:′
1529:″
1518:′
1438:′
1425:″
1414:′
1400:′
1389:″
1378:′
1362:″
1351:′
1310:′
1299:′
1291:″
1271:′
1260:′
1252:′
1239:″
1228:′
1135:″
1122:″
1111:′
1097:″
1086:″
1075:′
1059:″
1048:′
1007:″
996:″
988:″
977:″
960:″
949:′
936:″
925:′
761:″
750:″
742:″
722:′
711:′
703:′
690:″
679:′
651:″
640:′
87:dicarbon
83:unstable
36:emission
3633:Commons
3460:ESR/EPR
3408:Nucleon
3236:(REMPI)
2905:Bibcode
2868:Bibcode
2817:1612829
2789:Bibcode
2725:Bibcode
2693:1076232
2670:Bibcode
2419:is the
2411:is the
2340:uranium
2318:of the
2235:benzene
2087:radical
2046:ā² <
1751:ā² <
841:ā² = 0.8
823:ā² >
804:ā² <
3474:Others
3262:Atomic
3087:
3068:
3049:
3030:
3011:
2992:
2973:
2949:
2945:ā469.
2815:
2807:
2700:
2690:
2501:
2441:state.
2281:O ā Mn
2228:n ā Ļ*
2083:butane
1629:
1172:, and
814:to an
598:, and
524:is an
517:where
355:where
258:for a
138:energy
99:flames
40:photon
3415:Alpha
3384:Auger
3362:X-ray
3329:Gamma
3307:X-ray
3240:Raman
3151:Raman
3146:FT-IR
2813:S2CID
2777:(PDF)
2355:Notes
2267:ion,
1757:, as
1670:ā³ + 1
1170:ā² ā 1
867:ā³ ā 1
848:ā³ = 1
783:Here
622:, by
245:ā³ = 0
230:ā² = 2
223:ā³ = 0
204:upper
181:ā³ = 0
93:, in
38:of a
3085:ISBN
3066:ISBN
3047:ISBN
3028:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2971:ISBN
2947:ISBN
2805:PMID
2698:PMID
2499:ISBN
2415:and
2334:and
2263:the
1889:ā² =
1871:+ 1)
1666:ā² =
1166:ā³ =
863:ā² =
791:and
787:are
225:and
198:The
117:and
101:and
30:and
3443:NMR
2943:431
2913:doi
2876:doi
2797:doi
2785:109
2733:doi
2688:PMC
2678:doi
2269:MnO
2237:, C
1882:= 0
1861:of
1687:at
1677:= ā
1662:= +
187:v'
163:ā²,
151:ā³,
89:, C
77:of
3651::
3448:2D
3367:UV
2911:.
2901:38
2899:.
2874:.
2864:33
2862:.
2858:.
2811:.
2803:.
2795:.
2783:.
2779:.
2731:.
2721:34
2719:.
2696:.
2686:.
2676:.
2666:18
2664:.
2660:.
2594:^
2476:^
2351:.
1884:,
1873:.
843:,
829:.
594:,
590:,
167:ā²)
155:ā³)
105:.
97:,
3122:e
3115:t
3108:v
3093:.
3074:.
3055:.
3036:.
3017:.
2998:.
2979:.
2955:.
2919:.
2915::
2907::
2884:.
2878::
2870::
2819:.
2799::
2791::
2739:.
2735::
2727::
2704:.
2680::
2672::
2507:.
2417:c
2409:h
2383:c
2380:h
2377:=
2374:E
2344:6
2328:f
2326:ā
2324:f
2299:d
2297:ā
2295:d
2274:4
2243:6
2241:H
2239:6
2223:2
2194:2
2178:g
2168:3
2164:a
2155:u
2145:3
2141:d
2130:2
2110:B
2097:.
2095:2
2050:ā³
2048:B
2044:B
2039:J
2022:,
2019:2
2016:,
2013:1
2010:=
2007:J
2003:)
2000:1
1997:+
1994:J
1991:(
1988:J
1985:)
1978:B
1967:B
1963:(
1960:+
1951:v
1947:,
1940:v
1922:=
1917:Q
1893:ā³
1891:J
1887:J
1880:J
1878:ā
1869:x
1867:(
1863:x
1855:m
1832:)
1825:B
1814:B
1810:(
1807:2
1798:B
1794:+
1787:B
1777:=
1774:x
1759:J
1755:ā³
1753:B
1749:B
1744:m
1730:,
1721:v
1717:,
1710:v
1681:ā³
1679:J
1675:m
1668:J
1664:J
1660:m
1655:m
1641:.
1638:c
1635:t
1632:e
1626:2
1620:,
1617:1
1611:=
1608:m
1604:,
1599:2
1595:m
1591:)
1584:B
1573:B
1569:(
1566:+
1563:m
1560:)
1553:B
1549:+
1542:B
1538:(
1535:+
1526:v
1522:,
1515:v
1497:=
1492:R
1489:,
1486:P
1444:2
1435:J
1429:)
1422:B
1411:B
1407:(
1404:+
1397:J
1393:)
1386:B
1382:+
1375:B
1371:(
1368:+
1359:v
1348:v
1330:=
1320:)
1317:1
1307:J
1303:(
1296:J
1288:B
1281:)
1278:1
1275:+
1268:J
1264:(
1257:J
1249:B
1245:+
1236:v
1225:v
1207:=
1198:R
1168:J
1164:J
1141:2
1132:J
1126:)
1119:B
1108:B
1104:(
1101:+
1094:J
1090:)
1083:B
1079:+
1072:B
1068:(
1056:v
1045:v
1027:=
1017:)
1014:1
1011:+
1004:J
1000:(
993:J
985:B
974:J
970:)
967:1
957:J
953:(
946:B
942:+
933:v
922:v
904:=
895:P
865:J
861:J
846:B
839:B
827:ā³
825:B
821:B
808:ā³
806:B
802:B
793:J
785:B
771:)
768:1
765:+
758:J
754:(
747:J
739:B
732:)
729:1
726:+
719:J
715:(
708:J
700:B
696:+
687:v
676:v
658:=
655:)
648:J
644:,
637:J
633:(
630:G
521:e
519:Ļ
502:2
497:)
490:2
487:1
481:+
478:v
474:(
467:e
457:e
445:)
438:2
435:1
429:+
426:v
422:(
416:e
408:+
386:=
383:)
380:v
377:(
374:G
363:e
361:Ļ
357:v
341:)
334:2
331:1
325:+
322:v
318:(
312:e
304:+
282:=
279:)
276:v
273:(
270:G
256:)
254:v
252:(
250:G
243:v
228:v
221:v
179:v
165:J
161:v
159:(
153:J
149:v
147:(
91:2
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