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Although tourism has grown rapidly, most rural peoples still depend upon agriculture for their livelihoods. The
Vientiane Plain which covers Vientiane province and Vientiane Municipality is one of the six major rice producing plains in Laos. Crafts and tailoring also employs a significant number, and
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Population figures for the province increased dramatically during the period between 1943 (23,200) to 1955 (45,000). The demographics for ethnic breakdown in 1943 were: Lao 41.5%; Vietnamese (Annamites) 53%; Chinese 4%; Others 1.5%. The population last reported was 419,090, as of the 2015 census with
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monsoonal climate with recorded annual rainfall of 1936 mm (with higher reaches recording more rainfall). The mean annual temperature is 26.6 °C with a mean maximum of 31.6 °C and a mean minimum temperature of 21.5 °C. The forests are evergreen, Shorea mixed deciduous forest, dry
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is also seen spread in layers. extensive flat uplands with sandstones with hardly any soil cover are also part of the topography of the park. It has a large stretch of mountain range with sandstone cliffs, river gorges and three large rivers with tributaries which flow into the Mekong River. It has
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said of the impact of tourism upon the town of Vang Vieng, "The growth of Vang Vieng has taken its toll. Inevitably the profile of the town has changed and the reason travelers first came here- to experience small-town Laos in a stunning setting â has been replaced by multistorey guesthouses. Even
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Ban Pako village in the midst of thick forests, 55 km away from
Vientiane has eco-lodges created over a 40 ha forest preserve, which is a tourist attraction. The houses in this village are made of bamboo thatch at an isolated location stated to have been a settlement 2000 years ago which has
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40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of
Vientiane. It was established on 29 October 1993 covering an area of 2,000 km extending into Khet Phiset Xaisomboon (special zone), Vientiane prefecture, and Vientiane province. Its mountainous topography, with elevation varying from 200 m to
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Major operating companies in the mineral sector, as of 2008, include: Padeang
Industry Public Co. Ltd, Phu Bin Ming Ltd, Laos Cement Co. Ltd, Wanrong Cement I, and Barite Mining Co. As of 2009, each of the 126 ministry offices in Vientiane had IT facilities, including "one server, 10 PCs, a
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the local market has moved to a big, soulless slab of concrete north of the town. In the âBan Bo village of
Thoulakhom District salt extraction is popular part time economic activity. The village is 60 kilometers from Vientiane and the extraction of salt is done by traditional methods.
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established it as the capital of Lan Xang in 1563, to avoid a
Burmese invasion. For the following several centuries Vientiane's position was unstable: at times it was strong and a regional centre, but many times it came under the control of Vietnam, Burma, or Siam.
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There are numerous caves in the province, especially in the Vang Vieng area. Of note are the Patang, Patho Nokham, Vangxang and Tham Chang Caves. Vangxang Cave, also known as
Elephant Court, contains the remains of an ancient sanctuary which preexisted the
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also called the "Elephant Court" remnants of an ancient sanctuary of the Lane Xang
Kingdom are seen. It is approachable along Route 13 (north) located at km 48, the cave has 5 large sculptures made of pink sandstone and also two massive images of Buddha.
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as prime minister. In mid-1975, Pathet Lao troops moved towards the city and US personnel began evacuating the capital. On 23 August 1975, a contingent of 50 Pathet Lao women, symbolically "liberated" the city. On 2 December 1975, the
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in the country's northwest. As of 2015 the province had a population of 419,090. Vientiane province covers an area of 15,610 square kilometres (6,030 sq mi) composed of 11 districts. The principal towns are
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In the mid-16th century, Vientiane, under King
Setthathirat's rule, became prosperous. It became a major centre of Buddhist teachings and many temples were built. In 1989, the province was split into two halves:
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is an important water resources project which extends over a water spread area of 1,280 hectares during the monsoon season. The lake provides for recreational activities such as boating and picnics. In the
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984:(IBA) is 18,230 hectares in size. As its name implies it comprises an approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) section of the Mekong upstream of Vientiane. It spreads over two provinces: Vientiane and
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most rural villages in the province have tailors who make pants, shirts, mosquito nets and sheets. Herb doctors and carpenters are also occupations for a select few in the villages. In the village of
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armies in 1827. The city was burned to the ground and was looted of nearly all Lao artifacts, including Buddha statues and people. The
Siamese routed Anouvong and razed the city leaving only the
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Wat Pha Bhat Phonson at Tha Pha Baht is a rocky formation where Buddha foot prints, reclining Buddha and a monastery with large ornamented stupa (built in 1933) are worshipped.
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has been reported here, near Ban Nakhay and Ban Nakhan Thoung, although it was generally considered to be extinct in Laos; conservation management has increased its population.
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in good shape, shifting all people. Vientiane was in great disrepair, depopulated, and disappearing into the forest, when the French arrived in 1867. It eventually passed to
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rule in 1893. It became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos in 1899. The French rebuilt the city and rebuilt or repaired Buddhist temples such as
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is a wildlife protected area where trekking is popular in its peripheral areas. The habitat is known for its bamboo, dense forest and wild elephants.
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Vientiane province is a large province, covering an area of 15,927 square kilometres (6,149 sq mi) with 10 districts. The province borders
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508:, the few remaining Khmer in the area were either killed, removed, or assimilated into the Lao civilization, which would soon populate the area.
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737:. Most of the population of the province lives in the towns and villages along and near Route 13. From the south to the north these include
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Famous water falls seen in Phu Khao Khuay are Tat Xai (which has seven cascades), further downstream the Pha Xai (40 m fall) and Tat Luek.
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village of Keo-Oudom District, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Vientiane, floating restaurants and sporting activities are popular.
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every year. In recent years, new investment has gone into the suburbs of Vientiane. A tile factory has been established in the village of
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615:, become prime minister. In mid-December, General Phoumi then seized the capital, overthrew the Phouma Government, and installed
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1761 m, emerged from "uplifting and exposure of the underlying sedimentary (Indosinias schist-clay-sandstone) complex".
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Laos' Xaysomboun region has been plagued by sporadic conflict between the government and ethnic Hmong rebels for years.
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were known to have made pilgrimages to the shrine near Vientiane. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the time when the
678:. One was released in April 2007, and on 16 May, nine others were released after being held at a police facility in
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The Phra Lak-Phra Lam (The Lao version of the Ramayana).: Abridged translation of the manuscript of Vat Kang Tha
655:, thousands of refugees arrived in the province. By 1963, some 128,000 at arrived, especially Hmong people from
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teleconference room, and a local area network connected to the national e-government infrastructure."
725:. Vang Vieng is connected to Vientiane, roughly 170 kilometres (110 mi) by road to the south and
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because he was denied the throne in favor of his younger brother. Thattaradtha founded a city called
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tried to establish an independent kingdom, and led an unsuccessful rebellion, it was obliterated by
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is a salt extraction plant, employing most of the inhabitants in traditional extraction methods.
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The Xaysomboun region experiences sporadic violence between government forces and Hmong rebels.
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659:. Some 150,000 more arrived in the early-1970s. Many of the refugees arrived were addicted to
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441:, claims that Prince Thattaradtha founded the city when he left the legendary Lao kingdom of
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592:. On 9 March 1945 French paratroopers arrived, and "liberated" Vientiane on 24 April 1945.
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667:, which contains the capital, Vientiane, and the remaining area, Vientiane province.
573:: Borikan, Patchoum, Tourakom, and Vientiane. Two years earlier, men from these four
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808:. Much of this area, particularly the forests of the southern part, are under the
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Several kilometres to the south of Vang Vieng is one of Laos's largest lakes,
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Since 2000, tourism in the region has rocketed, with many thousands visiting
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told Thattaradtha to start a new city on the east bank of the river opposite
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and a bio-organic fertilizer factory has been established in the village of
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temple, which the Pha That Luang would later replace. Khmer princes ruling
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village with a protected bird habitat. Also of note is Ban Ilai market in
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This article is about the province. For other administrative entities see
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Minerals Yearbook: Area Reports: International 2008: Asia and the Pacific
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and pine type; particularly coniferous forest, of monospecific stands of
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Mountain ranges from Kasi Viewpoint, between Luang Prabang and Vang Vieng
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2287:. GMS Sustainable Tourism Development Project in Lao PDR. Archived from
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960:
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512:
2354:
Akhtar, Shahid; Arinto, Patricia B.; Abu, Hassan, Musa (3 June 2009).
2108:"Important Bird Areas factsheet: Mekong Channel upstream of Vientiane"
3186:
1041:
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were responsible for building a house for the first administrator of
552:
296:
1778:. Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. 1987.
1351:. Another tile factory has also been established in the village of
944:
660:
485:
480:, most historians believe that the city of Vientiane was an early
948:
403:
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2140:. Official website of Laos Tourism Organization. Archived from
1902:"China issues security alert in Laos after national shot dead"
1448:
1437:, which sells basketry, pottery and other traditional crafts.
29:
2613:
Jong, Wil De; Donovan, Deanna; Ken-ichi Abe (5 March 2007).
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is a significant contributor to the provincial economy, and
820:. The principal rivers flowing through the province are the
473:, which was said to be the predecessor of modern Vientiane.
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When Lan Xang fell apart in 1707, it became an independent
2170:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFAskew,_Logan_&_Long2009 (
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1699:
1697:
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFAskew,_Logan_&_Long2009 (
939:), and fire-climax grasslands. Animals found here include
733:, the most important highway in the province, followed by
531:. In 1779, it was conquered by the Siamese general Phraya
1648:
1646:
810:
Phou Khao Khouay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area
2595:
Regions and National Integration in Thailand, 1892â1992
2308:
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1900:
Martina, Michael (18 June 2017). Birsel, Robert (ed.).
1812:
1722:
1679:
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been attested by archaeological finds of artifacts. A
640:
began in the jungle, with the Pathet Lao fighting the
2712:
Poppies, Pipes, and People: Opium and Its Use in Laos
2414:
Askew, Marc; Logan, Williams S.; Long, Colin (2009).
2247:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFAkhtarHassanArinto2009 (
1830:
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2228:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFGeological_Survey2010 (
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261:
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2709:
2661:. The Center for Lao Studies, Arcadia Publishing.
2529:Fanthorpe, Lionel & Patricia (23 March 2009).
2482:
2460:Burke, Andrew; Vaisutis, Justine (1 August 2007).
2396:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007
2242:
1663:
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663:. In 1989, the province was split into two parts,
453:; this city was said to have later become today's
2553:Capital, Saving & Credit in Peasant Societies
2223:
2442:New Approaches to Gall Midge Resistance in Rice
1582:"Results of Population and Housing Census 2015"
1854:sfn error: no target: CITEREFJongDonovan2007 (
3074:
2911:
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2532:Secrets of the World's Undiscovered Treasures
2261:
2184:
905:National Biodiversity Conservation Area is a
607:, Vientiane became unstable. In August 1960,
8:
2577:. Government Printing Office. pp. 14â.
2571:Geological Survey (U S ) (25 October 2010).
2417:Vientiane: Transformation of a Lao landscape
2384:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1708:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGrabowski1995 (
1576:
1574:
1482:Zoo houses exotic and rare animals of Laos.
801:near the border with Xiangkhouang province.
2399:. Government Printing Office. p. 865.
2039:Official Website of Ecotourism Organization
2004:Official Website of Ecotourism Organization
1868:
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812:. To the east is the highest peak of Laos,
674:Christians were arrested in the village of
427:itself, and the remainder of the province.
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2904:
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2716:. University of California Press. p.
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2084:. Lao Tourism Organisation. Archived from
1885:sfn error: no target: CITEREFÃllamok2007 (
1470:Among the many caves in the province, the
1052:The province is composed of 11 districts:
136:
2655:Lee, Jonathan H. X. (17 September 2012).
2279:The Lao National Tourism Administration.
1703:
1652:
1306:
1283:
1261:
1244:
1227:
1210:
1193:
1176:
1159:
1142:
1125:
1108:
1091:
980:The Mekong channel upstream of Vientiane
816:, a heavily forested hilly area, east of
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2550:Firth, Raymond; Yamey, Basil S. (1964).
2357:Digital Review of Asia Pacific 2009â2010
2336:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBurke2007 (
2317:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBurke2007 (
1963:
1741:
1615:
1613:
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1609:
1451:and a water fall are also located here.
1054:
2196:
2029:
2027:
2025:
1880:
1540:
1484:
1036:, a bird sanctuary has large flocks of
834:
367:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
316:
306:
289:
268:
255:
245:
237:
227:
192:
168:
159:
2658:Laotians in the San Francisco Bay Area
2489:. Twenty-First Century Books. p.
2377:
2274:
2272:
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1800:
1758:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLee2007 (
1559:from the original on 27 September 2020
265:15,610 km (6,030 sq mi)
188:Location of Vientiane province in Laos
2783:Places adjacent to Vientiane province
2616:Extreme Conflict and Tropical Forests
2331:
2312:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1782:from the original on 16 November 2023
1775:Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East
717:to the west. The principal towns are
628:took over Vientiane and defeated the
611:seized the capital and insisted that
567:, the province was divided into four
393:
281:
273:
260:
180:
7:
2790:
2676:Lightner, Sam Jr (30 October 2005).
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1834:
1753:
749:(along Route 10 east of Route 13),
1667:
647:In the 1950s and 1960s during the
14:
2138:"Destination: Vientiane Province"
1912:from the original on 19 June 2017
1631:from the original on 22 July 2015
1594:from the original on 8 March 2021
2949:
2868:
2852:
2835:
2827:
2810:
2741:
2243:Akhtar, Hassan & Arinto 2009
2118:from the original on 18 May 2015
1939:Official website of Laos Tourism
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1074:
885:
873:
861:
849:
837:
347:
327:
326:
182:
170:
161:
34:
2481:Doeden, Matt (1 January 2007).
1621:"History of Vientiane Province"
469:. The prince called this city
45:needs additional citations for
2439:Bennett, J. (1 January 2004).
1458:on the Nam Ngum River, in the
471:Chanthabuly Si Sattanakhanahud
1:
2853:
2811:
2511:Far East and Australasia 2003
500:are believed to have entered
484:settlement centered around a
443:Muong Inthapatha Maha Nakhone
2836:
2828:
2749:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2708:Westermeyer, Joseph (1983).
2598:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
2166:Askew, Logan & Long 2009
1813:Askew, Logan & Long 2009
1723:Askew, Logan & Long 2009
1680:Askew, Logan & Long 2009
2637:Culture And Customs Of Laos
3352:
2703:. Cultural Survey of Laos.
2682:. The Mountaineers Books.
2679:Thailand: A Climbing Guide
2592:Grabowsky, Volker (1995).
2556:. Transaction Publishers.
1073:
461:. One day, a seven-headed
18:
3311:
2947:
2788:
2262:Burke & Vaisutis 2007
2185:Burke & Vaisutis 2007
1587:. Lao Statistics Bureau.
1307:
1284:
1262:
1245:
1228:
1211:
1194:
1177:
1160:
1143:
1126:
1109:
1092:
1032:). Around the village of
395:[kĘ°wÉĖËÅwÃaÅtÉÃ n]
386:
193:
181:
176:Map of Vientiane province
169:
160:
151:
3313:denotes provincial seat.
1048:Administrative divisions
670:In late-2006, 13 ethnic
644:and royalists in-exile.
449:on the west bank of the
143:
2634:Kislenko, Arne (2009).
2445:. Int. Rice Res. Inst.
2035:"Phou Khao Khouay NBCA"
1850:Jong & Donovan 2007
515:founded the kingdom of
467:Maha Thani Si Phan Phao
447:Maha Thani Si Phan Phao
2797:Luang Prabang province
2224:Geological Survey 2010
2212:Firth & Yamey 1964
2112:BirdLife International
880:Fish from the Nam Ngum
856:Nam Song in Vang Vieng
695:Luang Prabang province
599:broke out between the
435:The Laotian epic, the
355:This article contains
213:18.64278°N 102.32361°E
2697:VÃĩ, Thu Táŧnh (1972).
998:Esacus recurvirostris
953:white-cheeked gibbons
699:Xiangkhouang province
657:Xiengkhouang province
649:French-Indo China War
535:and made a vassal of
286:30/km (77/sq mi)
3164:Bolikhamsai province
3099:Vientiane Prefecture
2927:Subdivisions of Laos
2881:Vientiane prefecture
2844:Bolikhamsai province
2514:. Psychology Press.
2281:"Vientiane Province"
2082:"Vientiane Province"
959:and many species of
729:to the northwest by
715:Xaignabouli province
707:Vientiane prefecture
703:Bolikhamxai province
665:Vientiane prefecture
601:Royal Lao Government
529:Kingdom of Vientiane
423:containing the city
421:Vientiane prefecture
283: âĒ Density
69:"Vientiane province"
54:improve this article
25:Vientiane prefecture
3275:Xaisomboun province
2822:Sainyabuli province
2802:Xaisomboun province
2393:Ãllamok, EgyesÞlt.
2334:, pp. 116â117.
2291:on 16 November 2012
1374:Thoulakhom District
1300:Xaisomboun District
1104:Thoulakhom District
1026:wire-tailed swallow
1014:Vanellus duvaucelii
982:Important Bird Area
218:18.64278; 102.32361
209: /
23:(urban center) and
3331:Vientiane province
3207:Vientiane province
2833:Vientiane province
2144:on 26 October 2013
2088:on 14 October 2012
2000:"Phou Khao Khouay"
1945:on 11 January 2013
1549:"Sub-national HDI"
1456:Nam Ngum Reservoir
1357:Keo Oudom District
1223:Viengkham District
1189:Xanakharm District
1155:Vangvieng District
1121:Keo Oudom District
928:Fokienia hodginsii
713:to the south, and
701:to the northeast,
638:Insurgency in Laos
636:, but the ongoing
379:Vientiane province
275: âĒ Total
262: âĒ Total
141:Vientiane province
3336:Provinces of Laos
3318:
3317:
3056:
3055:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2727:978-0-520-04622-1
2689:978-0-89886-750-3
2668:978-0-7385-9586-3
2647:978-0-313-33977-6
2626:978-1-4020-5461-7
2605:978-3-447-03608-5
2584:978-1-4113-2964-5
2563:978-0-202-30918-7
2542:978-1-77070-384-1
2521:978-1-85743-133-9
2500:978-0-8225-6590-1
2473:978-1-74104-568-0
2466:. Lonely Planet.
2452:978-971-22-0198-1
2431:978-1-134-32365-4
2424:. pp. 118â.
2371:978-81-321-0084-3
2045:on 6 January 2014
2010:on 25 August 2012
1518:Wat Si Vieng Song
1417:operation on the
1395:Wat Si Vieng Song
1391:Lane Xang Kingdom
1315:
1314:
1002:Jerdon's bushchat
994:great thick-knees
967:, and birds. The
868:Phu Phra mountain
844:Vang Vieng centre
634:Laotian Civil War
597:Laotian Civil War
478:Phra Lak Phra Ram
438:Phra Lak Phra Lam
363:rendering support
343:
342:
130:
129:
122:
104:
3343:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3060:
2953:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2897:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2856:
2855:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2830:
2814:
2813:
2791:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2731:
2715:
2704:
2693:
2672:
2651:
2630:
2609:
2588:
2567:
2546:
2525:
2504:
2488:
2485:Laos in Pictures
2477:
2463:Laos 6th Edition
2456:
2435:
2410:
2389:
2383:
2375:
2360:. IDRC. p.
2342:
2341:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2276:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2078:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2041:. Archived from
2031:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2006:. Archived from
1996:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1941:. Archived from
1931:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1878:
1872:
1869:Westermeyer 1983
1866:
1860:
1859:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1701:
1690:
1689:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1656:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1545:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1460:Nam Ngum Reserve
1435:Muang Naxaithong
1327:as its capital.
1310:
1309:
1287:
1286:
1265:
1264:
1248:
1247:
1240:Hinhurp District
1231:
1230:
1214:
1213:
1197:
1196:
1180:
1179:
1163:
1162:
1146:
1145:
1129:
1128:
1112:
1111:
1095:
1094:
1087:Muang PhÃīn-HÃīng
1078:
1055:
1018:small pratincole
1006:Saxicola jerdoni
903:Phou Khao Khouay
889:
877:
865:
853:
841:
632:which ended the
581:, Pierre Morin.
476:Contrary to the
397:
392:
388:
369: instead of
351:
350:
335:
330:
329:
323:
224:
223:
221:
220:
219:
214:
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
186:
174:
165:
146:
137:
134:Province in Laos
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
16:Province of Laos
3351:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3307:
3269:
3201:
3158:
3107:Urban Vientiane
3093:
3092:of Central Laos
3087:
3057:
3052:
2954:
2945:
2929:
2924:
2894:
2889:
2869:
2867:
2840:
2784:
2781:
2738:
2728:
2707:
2696:
2690:
2675:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2612:
2606:
2591:
2585:
2570:
2564:
2549:
2543:
2528:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2480:
2474:
2459:
2453:
2438:
2432:
2413:
2407:
2392:
2376:
2372:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2285:Ecotourism Laos
2278:
2277:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2033:
2032:
2023:
2013:
2011:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1980:
1979:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1915:
1913:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1833:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1619:
1618:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1553:Global Data Lab
1547:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1519:
1516:
1507:
1504:
1495:
1492:
1386:
1333:
1325:Muang PhÃīn-HÃīng
1320:
1172:Feuang District
1050:
1038:whistling ducks
1030:Hirundo smithii
1022:Glareola lactea
900:
898:Protected areas
893:
890:
881:
878:
869:
866:
857:
854:
845:
842:
799:Ban Nam San Noi
767:Ban Houay Pamon
723:Muang PhÃīn-HÃīng
691:
630:Kingdom of Laos
613:Souvanna Phouma
433:
413:Muang PhÃīn-HÃīng
390:
376:
375:
374:
361:Without proper
352:
348:
333:
332:
321:
251:Muang PhÃīn-HÃīng
217:
215:
211:
208:
203:
200:
198:
196:
195:
189:
177:
156:
147:
144:
142:
135:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2737:
2736:External links
2734:
2733:
2732:
2726:
2705:
2694:
2688:
2673:
2667:
2652:
2646:
2631:
2625:
2610:
2604:
2589:
2583:
2568:
2562:
2547:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2478:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2411:
2405:
2390:
2370:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2324:
2315:, p. 119.
2302:
2266:
2264:, p. 123.
2254:
2245:, p. 244.
2235:
2216:
2201:
2189:
2187:, p. 122.
2177:
2168:, p. 118.
2155:
2129:
2099:
2056:
2021:
1991:
1968:
1966:, p. 310.
1956:
1926:
1892:
1883:, p. 865.
1873:
1871:, p. 203.
1861:
1839:
1837:, p. 736.
1824:
1805:
1793:
1765:
1746:
1734:
1715:
1706:, p. 111.
1704:Grabowski 1995
1691:
1672:
1657:
1653:Fanthorpe 2009
1642:
1605:
1570:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1486:
1423:Nam Ngum River
1419:Nam Song River
1385:
1382:
1332:
1329:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1280:
1273:
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1266:
1259:
1254:
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1249:
1242:
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1225:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāŧāšāŧāš§āšāšļāšāšŧāšĄ
1123:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1049:
1046:
975:Ban Na Reserve
907:protected area
899:
896:
895:
894:
891:
884:
882:
879:
872:
870:
867:
860:
858:
855:
848:
846:
843:
836:
826:Nam Ngum River
822:Nam Song River
818:Ban Thamkalong
697:to the north,
690:
687:
557:Pha That Luang
511:In 1354, when
506:Southern China
502:Southeast Asia
432:
429:
365:, you may see
353:
346:
345:
344:
341:
340:
324:
315:
314:
311:
305:
304:
294:
288:
287:
284:
280:
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276:
272:
271:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
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236:
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232:
226:
225:
191:
190:
187:
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175:
167:
166:
158:
157:
152:
149:
148:
140:
133:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
27:(city proper).
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3348:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
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3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Luang Prabang
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2865:
2864:Loei province
2862:
2861:
2858:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2834:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2406:9780160813993
2402:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2226:, p. 14.
2225:
2220:
2217:
2214:, p. 93.
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2199:, p. 77.
2198:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:Lightner 2005
1960:
1957:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1852:, p. 80.
1851:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1815:, p. 77.
1814:
1809:
1806:
1803:, p. 30.
1802:
1797:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1756:, p. 27.
1755:
1750:
1747:
1744:, p. 24.
1743:
1742:Kislenko 2009
1738:
1735:
1730:
1725:, p. 37.
1724:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1682:, p. 21.
1681:
1676:
1673:
1670:, p. 21.
1669:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1655:, p. 66.
1654:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1630:
1626:
1625:Lonely Planet
1622:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1472:Vangxang Cave
1468:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:Nam Lik River
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:Adventure Lao
1408:
1405:are of note.
1404:
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3122:Sikhottabong
3048:Xiangkhouang
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2640:. ABC-CLIO.
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2619:. Springer.
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2508:Eur (2002).
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2293:. Retrieved
2289:the original
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2197:Bennett 2004
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2142:the original
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2086:the original
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2043:the original
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2012:. Retrieved
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1881:Ãllamok 2007
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1563:13 September
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1277:Hom District
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1246:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāšŦāšĩāšāŧāšŦāšĩāš
1206:Mad District
1195:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāšāš°āšāš°āšāšēāšĄ
1110:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāšāšļāšĨāš°āšāšŧāšĄ
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539:. When King
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3139:Mayparkngum
3112:Chanthabuly
3028:Savannakhet
2978:Bolikhamsai
2535:. Dundurn.
2148:10 December
2092:30 November
2049:10 December
2014:10 December
1986:Google Maps
1801:Doeden 2007
1786:30 November
1635:30 November
1431:Ban Sivilay
1229:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāš§āš―āšāšāŧāšē
1161:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāš§āšąāšāš§āš―āš
1093:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāŧāšāšāŧāšŪāš
1034:Ban Sivilay
917:dipterocarp
783:Ban Phatang
653:Vietnam War
565:Paul Doumer
498:Thai people
239:Established
216: /
204:102°19âē25âģE
3325:Categories
3293:Longchaeng
3250:Thoulakhom
3197:Viengthong
3144:Naxaithong
3127:Sisattanak
3117:Hadxayfong
3043:Xaisomboun
3018:Sainyabuli
2993:Khammouane
2934:Prefecture
2332:Burke 2007
2313:Burke 2007
2295:1 December
2122:9 December
1598:7 November
1536:References
1506:Tham Chang
1480:Thoulakhom
1465:Ban Thalad
1413:manages a
1407:Ecotourism
1403:Wat Si Sum
1341:Vang Vieng
1178:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāŧāšāš·āšāš
1068:Lao script
1044:roosting.
986:Sainyabuli
965:amphibians
795:Muang Kasi
791:Ban Thieng
775:Vang Vieng
771:Ban Namone
719:Vang Vieng
626:Pathet Lao
605:Pathet Lao
455:Udon Thani
409:Vang Vieng
391:pronounced
387:āŧāšāš§āšāš§āš―āšāšāšąāš
371:Lao script
270:Population
201:18°38âē34âģN
145:āŧāšāš§āšāš§āš―āšāšāšąāš
80:newspapers
3265:Xanakharm
3260:Viengkham
3255:Vangvieng
3230:Keo Oudom
3192:Thaphabat
3182:Pakkading
3172:Borikhane
3149:Sangthong
3090:Districts
3038:Vientiane
3013:Phongsaly
2988:Houaphanh
2983:Champasak
2941:Vientiane
2747:Vientiane
2422:Routledge
2380:cite book
1949:7 January
1494:Vang Xang
1384:Landmarks
1337:Vientiane
1285:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāŧāš·āŧāš
1263:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāŧāš·āŧāš
1144:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāšāšēāšŠāšĩ
941:elephants
937:mai sanod
912:Sandstone
779:Ban Nampo
751:Ban Nalao
747:Toulakhom
689:Geography
676:Khon Kean
622:communist
579:Vientiane
425:Vientiane
292:Time zone
21:Vientiane
3283:Anouvong
3245:Phonhong
3177:Khamkeut
3154:Xaythany
3132:Xaysetha
3008:Oudomxay
2960:Province
2876:Thailand
2116:Archived
2114:. 2012.
1910:Archived
1835:Eur 2002
1780:Archived
1754:Lee 2007
1629:Archived
1589:Archived
1557:Archived
1530:Wat Kang
1425:and the
1415:kayaking
1399:Wat Kang
1353:Hathdeua
1345:Phai Lom
1212:āŧāšĄāš·āšāšāŧāšĄāš
992:include
990:avifauna
961:reptiles
828:and the
814:Phou Bia
806:Nam Ngum
743:Ban Saka
735:Route 10
731:Route 13
711:Thailand
680:Hin Heup
617:Boun Oum
603:and the
541:Anouvong
517:Lan Xang
490:Say Fong
459:Thailand
400:province
357:Lao text
154:Province
110:May 2020
3303:Thathom
3298:Longxan
3220:Hinhurp
3023:Salavan
2968:Attapeu
2348:Sources
1984:(Map).
1916:20 June
1906:Reuters
1668:VÃĩ 1972
1331:Economy
1024:), and
957:langurs
609:Kong Le
595:As the
584:During
545:Siamese
513:Fa Ngum
431:History
398:) is a
278:462,142
247:Capital
230:Country
94:scholar
3215:Feuang
3187:Pakxan
3033:Sekong
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1370:Ban Bo
1042:egrets
955:, and
945:tigers
933:bamboo
642:Hmongs
553:French
533:Chakri
334:medium
322:(2018)
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1592:(PDF)
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486:Hindu
482:Khmer
331:0.618
313:LA-VI
297:UTC+7
101:JSTOR
87:books
3240:Meun
3225:Kasy
2722:ISBN
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2386:link
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2338:help
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2297:2012
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2124:2012
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